xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision f86e60008bdf690b61af2c18e98ee791ca91433f)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920191120:
30	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
31	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
32	for automounting.
33
3420191107:
35	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
36	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
37	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
38	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
39	add superio to the set.
40
4120191021:
42	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
43	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
44
4520191021:
46	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
47	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
48	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
49	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
50	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
51	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
52	completely in the future.
53
5420191009:
55	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
56	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
57	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
58	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
59	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
60	will be removed from the list.
61
6220191009:
63	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
64	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
65	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
66	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
67
6820191003:
69	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
70	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
71	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
72	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
73
7420190913:
75	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
76	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
77	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
78	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
79
8020190823:
81	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
82	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
83	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
84
8520190727:
86	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
87	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
88	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
89	your scripts, because they had no effect.
90
91	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
92	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
93	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
94	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
95	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
96
9720190713:
98	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
99	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
100	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
101	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
102	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
103	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
104	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
105
10620190620:
107	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
108	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
109	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
110	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
111
11220190612:
113	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
114	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
115	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
116	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
117
11820190608:
119	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
120	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
121	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
122
12320190513:
124	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
125	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
126	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
127	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
128	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
129	avoid running into the limit.
130
13120190507:
132	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
133	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
134
13520190507:
136	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
137	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
138	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
139	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
140	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
141	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
142
14320190418:
144	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
145	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
146	entropy:
147
148	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
149	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
150	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
151	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
152	availability properties.
153
154	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
155	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
156	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
157	initial condition, if desired.
158
159	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
160	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
161
162	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
163	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
164	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
165	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
166
16720190416:
168	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
169	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
170	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
171	therefore unblocked).
172
17320190404:
174	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
175	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
176	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
177	is added to the command line.
178	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
179	not affected and should continue to work.
180
18120190320:
182	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
183	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
184	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
185	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
186
18720190304:
188	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
189	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
190	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
191	or higher.
192
19320190226:
194	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
195	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
196	kernel config.
197
19820190219:
199	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
200	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
201	migrating to the drm ports.
202
20320190131:
204	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
205	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
206	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
207	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
208	is loaded automatically.
209
21020190125:
211	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
212	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
213	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
214	kernel config files.
215
21620181230:
217	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
218	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
219	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
220	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
221
22220181220:
223	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
224	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
225	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
226	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
227	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
228	most NFSv4 mounts.
229
23020181219:
231	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
232	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
233	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
234
235	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
236	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
237
238	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
239	removed from the mips port.
240
24120181211:
242	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
243	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
244	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
245	or higher.
246
24720181211:
248	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
249	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
250
25120181126:
252	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
253	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
254	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
255	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
256
25720181123:
258	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
259	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
260	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
261
26220181115:
263	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
264	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
265	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
266	FreeBSD versions.
267
26820181110:
269	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
270	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
271	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
272
273	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
274	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
275	being included using the command:
276		$ newsyslog -Nrv
277
27820181015:
279	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
280	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
281	drm-legacy-kmod.
282
283	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
284	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
285	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
286	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
287	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
288	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
289	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
290	that as you will get better support.
291
292	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
293	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
294	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
295	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
296
297	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
298	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
299	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
300	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
301	shortly.
302
30320181012:
304	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
305	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
306	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
307	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
308	be adjusted as necessary.
309
31020181009:
311	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
312	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
313	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
314	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
315
31620181006:
317	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
318	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
319	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
320	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
321	encouraged.
322
32320181002:
324	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
325	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
326	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
327	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
328	nda device name.
329
33020180913:
331	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
332	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
333	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
334	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
335	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
336	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
337
33820180826:
339	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
340	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
341	default since FreeBSD-11.
342
34320180822:
344	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
345	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
346	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
347
34820180818:
349	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
350	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
351	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
352	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
353	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
354	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
355	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
356
357	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
358	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
359
36020180815:
361	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
362	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
363	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
364	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
365	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
366	may not be observed in a future release.
367
36820180808:
369	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
370	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
371	your environment.
372
37320180731:
374	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
375	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
376	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
377	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
378
37920180730:
380	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
381	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
382	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
383	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
384	runtime services.
385
38620180727:
387	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
388	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
389	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
390
39120180723:
392	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
393	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
394	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
395	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
396	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
397
39820180720:
399	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
400	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
401	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
402	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
403	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
404	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
405
40620180719:
407	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
408	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
409	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
410	boot_serial=YES
411	boot_multicons=YES
412	in /boot/loader.conf
413	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
414	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
415	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
416
41720180719:
418	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
419	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
420	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
421	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
422	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
423	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
424	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
425	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
426	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
427	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
428	by the ntpd user.
429
43020180717:
431	Big endian arm support has been removed.
432
43320180711:
434	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
435	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
436	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
437	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
438	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
439
44020180705:
441	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
442	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
443	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
444	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
445	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
446	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
447
44820180702:
449	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
450	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
451
45220180701:
453	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
454	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
455	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
456	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
457	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
458	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
459	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
460
46120180630:
462	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
463	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
464	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
465	or higher.
466
46720180628:
468	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
469	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
470	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
471	file.
472
47320180612:
474	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
475	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
476
47720180530:
478	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
479	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
480	longer necessary.
481
48220180530:
483	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
484	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
485	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
486	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
487
48820180523:
489	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
490	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
491	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
492	later than r334108.
493
49420180517:
495	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
496	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
497	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
498	it must be removed.
499
50020180510:
501	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
502	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
503	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
504	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
505	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
506	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
507	will go away.
508
509	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
510	workaround is necessary.
511
51220180508:
513	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
514	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
515	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
516	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
517
51820180504:
519	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
520	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
521	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
522	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
523	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
524
52520180502:
526	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
527	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
528	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
529	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
530
53120180501:
532	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
533	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
534	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
535	be removed.
536
53720180413:
538	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
539	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
540	removed.
541
54220180411:
543	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
544	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
545	removed.
546
54720180406:
548	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
549	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
550	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
551	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
552	microseconds and time zone offsets.
553
554	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
555	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
556	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
557	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
558	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
559	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
560	adjustments, depending on the software used.
561
562	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
563	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
564
565		source src {
566			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
567		}
568
569	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
570	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
571	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
572
573		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
574
575	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
576	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
577	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
578	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
579	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
580	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
581	thus expected to continue to function as before.
582
583	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
584	change.
585
58620180328:
587	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
588	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
589	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
590
59120180323:
592	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
593	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
594	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
595	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
596	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
597	should be as simple as:
598
599		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
600		$ make depend all install
601
60220180212:
603	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
604	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
605	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
606	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
607	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
608	provisions for backup boot methods.
609
61020180211:
611	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
612	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
613	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
614	imp@freebsd.org.
615
61620180114:
617	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
618	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
619	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
620	or higher.
621
62220180110:
623	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
624	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
625	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
626
627	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
628	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
629
63020180110:
631	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
632	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
633	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
634	remove it from kernel config files.
635
63620180104:
637	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
638	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
639	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
640
641	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
642	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
643
64420180102:
645	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
646	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
647	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
648	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
649
65020171215:
651	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
652	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
653
65420171214:
655	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
656	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
657	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
658	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
659
66020171125:
661	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
662	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
663	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
664	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
665	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
666	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
667
66820171110:
669	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
670	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
671	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
672
67320171106:
674	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
675	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
676	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
677	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
678	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
679
68020171102:
681	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
682	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
683	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
684	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
685	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
686	environment.
687
68820171101:
689	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
690	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
691	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
692	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
693	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
694	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
695	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
696	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
697	than hardcoding paths.
698
69920171028:
700	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
701	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
702	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
703
70420171021:
705	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
706	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
707	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
708	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
709
71020171010:
711	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
712	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
713
71420171005:
715	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
716	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
717	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
718	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
719
72020171003:
721	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
722	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
723	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
724	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
725	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
726
72720170912:
728	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
729	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
730	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
731	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
732	/etc/ctl.conf .
733
73420170912:
735	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
736	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
737	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
738	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
739	soft-float everything else should be affected.
740
74120170826:
742	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
743	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
744
74520170825:
746	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
747	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
748	to complete.
749
75020170814:
751	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
752	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
753	${TESTSDIR}.
754
755	Behavioral changes:
756	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
757	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
758	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
759	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
760
761	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
762	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
763	sandbox if successful.
764
765	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
766	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
767	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
768	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
769	an unprivileged user.
770
77120170808:
772	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
773	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
774	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
775	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
776	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
777	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
778	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
779	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
780	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
781	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
782	to which you should answer yes.
783
78420170728:
785	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
786	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
787	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
788	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
789	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
790
79120170722:
792	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
793	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
794	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
795
79620170701:
797	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
798	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
799
80020170625:
801	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
802	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
803	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
804	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
805	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
806	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
807	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
808
80920170623:
810	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
811	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
812	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
813	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
814	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
815	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
816
81720170620:
818	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
819	if you require the GPL compiler.
820
82120170618:
822	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
823	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
824	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
825
82620170617:
827	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
828	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
829	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
830	followed.
831
83220170531:
833	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
834	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
835	from ports (and recommends to install it).
836	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
837	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
838	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
839
84020170524:
841	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
842	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
843	which only require one chipset support.
844
845	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
846
847	if_ath_load="YES"
848
849	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
850	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
851	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
852
853	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
854	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
855
856	* load ath_hal
857	* load the chip modules in question
858	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
859	* load ath_main
860	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
861	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
862
863	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
864
86520170523:
866	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
867	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
868	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
869
870	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
871	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
872	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
873
874	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
875	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
876	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
877	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
878	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
879	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
880	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
881	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
882
88320170424:
884	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
885	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
886	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
887
88820170420:
889	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
890	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
891	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
892
89320170413:
894	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
895	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
896	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
897	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
898	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
899	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
900	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
901
90220170407:
903	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
904	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
905	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
906	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
907
90820170405:
909	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
910	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
911	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
912
91320170331:
914	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
915	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
916	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
917
91820170329:
919	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
920	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
921
922	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
923	via one of the following methods:
924	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
925	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
926	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
927	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
928
929	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
930
93120170316:
932	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
933	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
934	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
935	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
936	with mmc.ko).
937
93820170315:
939	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
940	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
941	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
942	be prefixed with colon.
943
94420170311:
945	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
946	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
947	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
948
94920170302:
950	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
951	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
952	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
953
95420170221:
955	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
956	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
957	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
958	change.
959
96020170216:
961	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
962	valid.
963
96420170215:
965	MCA bus support has been removed.
966
96720170127:
968	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
969	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
970
97120170112:
972	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
973	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
974
97520170109:
976	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
977	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
978	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
979	configuration.
980
98120161217:
982	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
983	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
984	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
985
98620161124:
987	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
988	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
989	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
990
99120161119:
992	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
993	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
994	that link against it need to be recompiled.
995
99620161030:
997	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
998	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
999	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1000	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1001
100220161017:
1003	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1004	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1005	parts.
1006	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1007	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1008
100920161015:
1010	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1011	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1012	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1013	removed from base.
1014
101520161008:
1016	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1017	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1018	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1019
102020161003:
1021	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1022	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1023
102420160924:
1025	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1026	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1027	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1028	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1029
103020160918:
1031	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1032	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1033	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1034	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1035	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1036
103720160918:
1038	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1039
104020160908:
1041	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1042	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1043	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1044	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1045
104620160824:
1047	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1048	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1049	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1050	to 1200005.
1051
105220160818:
1053	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1054	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1055	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1056	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1057	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1058	0.
1059
106020160818:
1061	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1062	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1063
106420160708:
1065	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1066
106720160622:
1068	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1069	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1070	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1071	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1072	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1073	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1074	kernel.
1075
107620160527:
1077	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1078	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1079	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1080	previously contained a line like
1081	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1082	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1083	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1084	generally be fine.
1085
108620160523:
1087	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1088	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1089	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1090	built with the old headers.
1091
109220160520:
1093	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1094	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1095	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1096	installing a new libc.
1097
109820160517:
1099	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1100	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1101	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1102	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1103	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1104	packages will be needed.
1105
1106	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1107	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1108	and the install steps.
1109
111020160510:
1111	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1112	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1113	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1114	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1115	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1116	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1117
111820160414:
1119	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1120	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1121	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1122	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1123	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1124
1125		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1126		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1127		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1128		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1129		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1130
1131	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1132	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1133	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1134	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1135	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1136	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1137	vendors work.
1138
1139	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1140	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1141		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1142	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1143	quirks entry to 0x3.
1144
114520160330:
1146	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1147	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1148	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1149
115020160317:
1151	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1152	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1153
115420160311:
1155	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1156	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1157	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1158	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1159	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1160	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1161	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1162	stale .depend files.
1163
116420160306:
1165	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1166	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1167	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1168	rebooting, e.g.:
1169
1170	make buildworld
1171	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1172	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1173	make -C sys/boot install
1174	<reboot in single user>
1175
1176	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1177	below.
1178
117920160305:
1180	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1181	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1182	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1183
118420160301:
1185	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1186	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1187	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1188	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1189	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1190	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1191
119220160226:
1193	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1194	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1195	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1196	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1197	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1198
119920160129:
1200	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1201	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1202	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1203	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1204	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1205
120620160119:
1207	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1208	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1209
121020160113:
1211	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1212	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1213	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1214
121520151216:
1216	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1217	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1218	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1219	other loaders.
1220
122120151211:
1222	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1223	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1224	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1225	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1226	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1227	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1228
122920151207:
1230	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1231	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1232	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1233	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1234	in src.conf(5).
1235
123620151130:
1237	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1238	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1239	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1240
124120151108:
1242	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1243	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1244	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1245
1246	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1247	collation results will be different.
1248
1249	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1250	locales before running make installworld.
1251
1252	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1253
125420151030:
1255	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1256	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1257
125820151020:
1259	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1260	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1261	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1262
126320151017:
1264	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1265	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1266	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1267	and 'make -N' will not.
1268
126920151012:
1270	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1271	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1272	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1273	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1274	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1275	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1276	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1277	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1278
127920151011:
1280	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1281	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1282	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1283	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1284
128520151006:
1286	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1287	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1288	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1289
129020150924:
1291	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1292	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1293	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1294	userland debug files.
1295
1296	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1297	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1298	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1299
1300	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1301	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1302
130320150827:
1304	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1305	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1306	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1307	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1308	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1309	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1310
131120150827:
1312	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1313	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1314	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1315
131620150817:
1317	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1318	them, the kernel must have
1319
1320	device	random
1321	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1322
1323	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1324	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1325	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1326	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1327
1328	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1329	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1330
133120150813:
1332	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1333	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1334	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1335
133620150810:
1337	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1338	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1339	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1340	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1341
1342	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1343	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1344	difference with this change.
1345
1346	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1347	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1348	remove that workaround.
1349
135020150809:
1351	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1352	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1353	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1354	with:
1355
1356	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1357
135820150806:
1359	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1360	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1361	loader.rc.local instead.
1362
136320150805:
1364	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1365	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1366	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1367
136820150728:
1369	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1370	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1371	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1372
1373	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1374	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1375
137620150706:
1377	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1378	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1379	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1380	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1381	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1382	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1383	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1384	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1385	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1386	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1387	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1388	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1389
139020150630:
1391	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1392	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1393
1394	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1395	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1396	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1397
1398	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1399	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1400
1401	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1402	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1403	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1404
1405	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1406	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1407	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1408	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1409
1410	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1411	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1412	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1413	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1414
1415	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1416	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1417	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1418	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1419	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1420	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1421	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1422	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1423	will never happen.
1424
142520150623:
1426	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1427	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1428
142920150616:
1430	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1431	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1432
143320150615:
1434	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1435	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1436	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1437	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1438	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1439
144020150614:
1441	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1442	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1443	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1444	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1445
144620150614:
1447	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1448	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1449	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1450	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1451	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1452	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1453	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1454
1455	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1456	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1457	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1458	   replace it with '2'.
1459	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1460	   a file path, create a new file with:
1461		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1462	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1463		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1464	5. Restart sendmail:
1465		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1466
1467	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1468	updated.
1469
147020150604:
1471	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1472	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1473	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1474	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1475	5.x.
1476
1477	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1478
147920150525:
1480	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1481	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1482	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1483
148420150521:
1485	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1486	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1487	and Pandaboard:
1488
1489	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1490	  same but content is different now
1491	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1492	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1493	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1494	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1495	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1496
149720150501:
1498	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1499	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1500	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1501
150220150423:
1503	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1504	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1505
150620150415:
1507	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1508	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1509
151020150416:
1511	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1512	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1513	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1514
151520150324:
1516	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1517	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1518	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1519	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1520
152120150315:
1522	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1523	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1524	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1525
152620150307:
1527	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1528	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1529	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1530	kernel before rebooting.
1531
153220150217:
1533	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1534	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1535	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1536	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1537	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1538	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1539
154020150210:
1541	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1542	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1543	with the new kernel.
1544
154520150131:
1546	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1547	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1548	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1549
155020150118:
1551	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1552	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1553	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1554	are not already using 3.5.0.
1555
155620150107:
1557	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1558	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1559	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1560	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1561	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1562
156320150105:
1564	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1565	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1566	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1567	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1568
156920150102:
1570	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1571	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1572
157320141231:
1574	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1575
1576	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1577	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1578	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1579	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1580	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1581	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1582	later.
1583
1584	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1585	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1586	of the box.
1587
1588	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1589	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1590	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1591	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1592
1593	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1594	the instructions for 9.x above.
1595
1596	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1597	default, and do not build clang.
1598
1599	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1600	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1601	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1602
1603	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1604	the following are most likely to appear:
1605
1606	-Wabsolute-value
1607
1608	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1609	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1610	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1611	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1612	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1613	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1614	  cast, or disable the warning.
1615
1616	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1617	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1618	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1619	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1620	  side-effects.
1621
1622	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1623	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1624
1625	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1626	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1627	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1628	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1629
1630	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1631	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1632	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1633	unreachable could be optimized away.
1634
163520141222:
1636	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1637	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1638	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1639	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1640	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1641	the utilities will report errors.
1642
164320141121:
1644	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1645	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1646	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1647	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1648	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1649	LOCAL_DIRS.
1650
165120141109:
1652	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1653	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1654
165520141104:
1656	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1657	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1658	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1659	drivers.
1660
1661	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1662	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1663	indicate what you need to do.
1664
1665	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1666	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1667	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1668
1669	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1670	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1671	  kern.vty=sc
1672
167320141102:
1674	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1675	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1676	execute it.
1677
167820141009:
1679	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1680	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1681	devel/gperf port.
1682
168320140923:
1684	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1685	contrib/pjdfstest .
1686
168720140922:
1688	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1689	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1690	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1691	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1692	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1693	their next update cycle.
1694
169520140729:
1696	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1697	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1698	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1699	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1700	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1701
170220140723:
1703	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1704	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1705
170620140719:
1707	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1708	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1709	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1710	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1711	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1712	new configuration.
1713
171420140709:
1715	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1716	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1717	them again.
1718	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1719
172020140708:
1721	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1722	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1723	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1724	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1725	requires readline.
1726
172720140702:
1728	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1729	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1730	architecture.
1731
173220140701:
1733	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1734	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1735	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1736	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1737	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1738
173920140629:
1740	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1741	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1742	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1743
174420140619:
1745	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1746	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1747	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1748
174920140606:
1750	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1751	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1752	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1753	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1754	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1755	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1756	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1757	"make installworld".
1758
1759	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1760	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1761	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1762	is run.
1763
1764	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1765	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1766	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1767	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1768	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1769
177020140512:
1771	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1772
177320140508:
1774	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1775	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1776	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1777
177820140505:
1779	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1780	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1781	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1782	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1783	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1784	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1785	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1786	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1787	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1788	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1789	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1790	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1791
1792	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1793	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1794	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1795	as well.
1796
179720140430:
1798	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1799	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1800
180120140424:
1802	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1803	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1804	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1805	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1806	build hosts for older releases.
1807
1808	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1809	r276991, respectively.
1810
181120140418:
1812	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1813	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1814	will silently lack HESIOD.
1815
181620140405:
1817	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1818	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1819	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1820	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1821	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1822	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1823	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1824	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1825	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1826	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1827	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1828	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1829
183020140306:
1831	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1832	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1833	with command line option -W.
1834
183520140226:
1836	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1837	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1838	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1839	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1840	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1841
184220140216:
1843	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1844
184520140216:
1846	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1847	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1848
184920140212:
1850	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1851	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1852	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1853	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1854	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1855
185620140204:
1857	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1858	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1859	kernel is still highly recommended.
1860
186120140131:
1862	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1863	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1864	capability mode support in kernel.
1865
186620140128:
1867	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1868	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1869	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1870	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1871	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1872
187320140110:
1874	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1875	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1876	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1877	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1878	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1879	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1880
188120131213:
1882	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1883	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1884	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1885	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1886	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1887	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1888	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1889	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1890	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1891
189220131108:
1893	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1894	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1895	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1896	should change your settings to use the latter.
1897
189820131025:
1899	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1900	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1901	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1902	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1903	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1904
190520131014:
1906	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1907	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1908	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1909	delete-old-libs":
1910	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1911	  or
1912	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1913
191420131010:
1915	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1916	revision r256279.
1917
1918COMMON ITEMS:
1919
1920	General Notes
1921	-------------
1922	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1923	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1924	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1925	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1926	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1927	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1928	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1929
1930	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1931	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1932	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1933	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1934	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1935
1936	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1937	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1938	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1939	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1940	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1941	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1942	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1943	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1944	an exception.
1945
1946	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1947	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1948	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1949	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1950
1951	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1952	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1953	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1954	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1955	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1956	should write them with this in mind.
1957
1958	ZFS notes
1959	---------
1960	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1961	these two steps:
1962
1963	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1964	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1965
1966	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1967
1968	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1969	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1970	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1971
1972	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1973
1974	To build a kernel
1975	-----------------
1976	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1977	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1978	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1979
1980	make kernel-toolchain
1981	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1982	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1983
1984	To test a kernel once
1985	---------------------
1986	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1987	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1988	debugging information) run
1989	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1990	nextboot -k testkernel
1991
1992	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1993	-----------------------------------------------------------
1994	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1995	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1996
1997	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1998	make buildworld
1999	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2000	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2001							[1]
2002	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2003	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2004	make installworld
2005	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2006	make delete-old					[6]
2007	<reboot>
2008
2009	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2010	--------------------------------------------------
2011	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2012	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2013	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2014	# size.
2015
2016	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2017	<boot into -stable>
2018	make buildworld
2019	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2020	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2021	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2022	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2023	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2024	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2025	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2026	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2027	<reboot into current>
2028	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2029	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2030	<reboot>
2031
2032
2033	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2034	----------------------------------------------
2035	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2036	make buildworld					[9]
2037	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2038	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2039							[1]
2040	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2041	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2042	make installworld
2043	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2044	make delete-old					[6]
2045	<reboot>
2046
2047	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2048	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2049	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2050	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2051	the UPDATING entries.
2052
2053	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2054	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2055	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2056	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2057	much fewer pitfalls.
2058
2059	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2060	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2061	system on reboot.
2062
2063	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2064		fsck -p
2065		mount -u /
2066		mount -a
2067		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2068		cd src			# full path to source
2069		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2070	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2071	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2072
2073	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2074	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2075	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2076	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2077	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2078	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2079	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2080
2081	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2082	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2083	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2084	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2085	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2086	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2087
2088	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2089	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2090	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2091
2092	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2093	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2094	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2095	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2096	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2097	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2098	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2099	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2100
2101	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2102	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2103	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2104	for these as well.
2105
2106	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2107	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2108	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2109
2110	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2111	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2112	warn if it is improperly defined.
2113FORMAT:
2114
2115This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2116breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2117list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2118If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2119to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2120
2121Copyright information:
2122
2123Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2124
2125Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2126modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2127document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2128
2129THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2130IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2131WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2132DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2133INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2134(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2135SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2136HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2137STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2138IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2139POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2140
2141Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2142this document.
2143
2144$FreeBSD$
2145