xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision ee0fe82ee2892f5ece189db0eab38913aaab5f0f)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920191226:
30	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
31	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
32	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
33	ABI.
34
3520191226:
36	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
37
3820191222:
39	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
40	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
41	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
42	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
43
4420191212:
45	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
46	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
47	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
48
4920191205:
50	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
51	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
52	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
53	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
54	differences between those included in the port and those included in
55	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
56	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
57	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
58
5920191120:
60	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
61	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
62	for automounting.
63
6420191107:
65	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
66	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
67	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
68	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
69	add superio to the set.
70
7120191021:
72	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
73	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
74
7520191021:
76	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
77	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
78	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
79	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
80	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
81	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
82	completely in the future.
83
8420191009:
85	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
86	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
87	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
88	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
89	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
90	will be removed from the list.
91
9220191009:
93	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
94	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
95	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
96	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
97
9820191003:
99	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
100	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
101	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
102	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
103
10420190913:
105	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
106	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
107	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
108	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
109
11020190823:
111	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
112	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
113	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
114
11520190727:
116	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
117	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
118	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
119	your scripts, because they had no effect.
120
121	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
122	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
123	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
124	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
125	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
126
12720190713:
128	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
129	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
130	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
131	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
132	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
133	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
134	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
135
13620190620:
137	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
138	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
139	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
140	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
141
14220190612:
143	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
144	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
145	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
146	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
147
14820190608:
149	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
150	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
151	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
152
15320190513:
154	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
155	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
156	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
157	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
158	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
159	avoid running into the limit.
160
16120190507:
162	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
163	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
164
16520190507:
166	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
167	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
168	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
169	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
170	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
171	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
172
17320190418:
174	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
175	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
176	entropy:
177
178	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
179	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
180	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
181	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
182	availability properties.
183
184	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
185	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
186	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
187	initial condition, if desired.
188
189	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
190	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
191
192	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
193	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
194	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
195	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
196
19720190416:
198	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
199	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
200	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
201	therefore unblocked).
202
20320190404:
204	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
205	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
206	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
207	is added to the command line.
208	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
209	not affected and should continue to work.
210
21120190320:
212	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
213	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
214	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
215	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
216
21720190304:
218	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
219	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
220	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
221	or higher.
222
22320190226:
224	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
225	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
226	kernel config.
227
22820190219:
229	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
230	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
231	migrating to the drm ports.
232
23320190131:
234	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
235	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
236	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
237	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
238	is loaded automatically.
239
24020190125:
241	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
242	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
243	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
244	kernel config files.
245
24620181230:
247	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
248	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
249	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
250	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
251
25220181220:
253	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
254	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
255	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
256	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
257	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
258	most NFSv4 mounts.
259
26020181219:
261	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
262	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
263	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
264
265	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
266	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
267
268	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
269	removed from the mips port.
270
27120181211:
272	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
273	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
274	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
275	or higher.
276
27720181211:
278	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
279	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
280
28120181126:
282	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
283	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
284	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
285	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
286
28720181123:
288	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
289	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
290	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
291
29220181115:
293	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
294	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
295	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
296	FreeBSD versions.
297
29820181110:
299	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
300	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
301	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
302
303	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
304	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
305	being included using the command:
306		$ newsyslog -Nrv
307
30820181015:
309	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
310	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
311	drm-legacy-kmod.
312
313	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
314	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
315	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
316	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
317	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
318	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
319	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
320	that as you will get better support.
321
322	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
323	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
324	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
325	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
326
327	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
328	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
329	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
330	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
331	shortly.
332
33320181012:
334	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
335	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
336	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
337	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
338	be adjusted as necessary.
339
34020181009:
341	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
342	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
343	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
344	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
345
34620181006:
347	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
348	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
349	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
350	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
351	encouraged.
352
35320181002:
354	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
355	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
356	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
357	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
358	nda device name.
359
36020180913:
361	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
362	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
363	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
364	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
365	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
366	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
367
36820180826:
369	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
370	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
371	default since FreeBSD-11.
372
37320180822:
374	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
375	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
376	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
377
37820180818:
379	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
380	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
381	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
382	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
383	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
384	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
385	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
386
387	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
388	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
389
39020180815:
391	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
392	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
393	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
394	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
395	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
396	may not be observed in a future release.
397
39820180808:
399	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
400	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
401	your environment.
402
40320180731:
404	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
405	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
406	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
407	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
408
40920180730:
410	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
411	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
412	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
413	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
414	runtime services.
415
41620180727:
417	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
418	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
419	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
420
42120180723:
422	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
423	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
424	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
425	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
426	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
427
42820180720:
429	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
430	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
431	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
432	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
433	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
434	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
435
43620180719:
437	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
438	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
439	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
440	boot_serial=YES
441	boot_multicons=YES
442	in /boot/loader.conf
443	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
444	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
445	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
446
44720180719:
448	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
449	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
450	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
451	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
452	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
453	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
454	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
455	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
456	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
457	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
458	by the ntpd user.
459
46020180717:
461	Big endian arm support has been removed.
462
46320180711:
464	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
465	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
466	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
467	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
468	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
469
47020180705:
471	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
472	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
473	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
474	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
475	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
476	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
477
47820180702:
479	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
480	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
481
48220180701:
483	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
484	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
485	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
486	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
487	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
488	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
489	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
490
49120180630:
492	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
493	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
494	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
495	or higher.
496
49720180628:
498	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
499	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
500	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
501	file.
502
50320180612:
504	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
505	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
506
50720180530:
508	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
509	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
510	longer necessary.
511
51220180530:
513	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
514	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
515	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
516	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
517
51820180523:
519	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
520	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
521	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
522	later than r334108.
523
52420180517:
525	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
526	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
527	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
528	it must be removed.
529
53020180510:
531	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
532	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
533	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
534	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
535	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
536	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
537	will go away.
538
539	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
540	workaround is necessary.
541
54220180508:
543	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
544	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
545	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
546	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
547
54820180504:
549	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
550	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
551	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
552	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
553	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
554
55520180502:
556	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
557	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
558	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
559	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
560
56120180501:
562	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
563	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
564	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
565	be removed.
566
56720180413:
568	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
569	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
570	removed.
571
57220180411:
573	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
574	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
575	removed.
576
57720180406:
578	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
579	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
580	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
581	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
582	microseconds and time zone offsets.
583
584	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
585	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
586	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
587	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
588	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
589	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
590	adjustments, depending on the software used.
591
592	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
593	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
594
595		source src {
596			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
597		}
598
599	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
600	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
601	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
602
603		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
604
605	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
606	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
607	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
608	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
609	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
610	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
611	thus expected to continue to function as before.
612
613	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
614	change.
615
61620180328:
617	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
618	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
619	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
620
62120180323:
622	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
623	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
624	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
625	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
626	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
627	should be as simple as:
628
629		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
630		$ make depend all install
631
63220180212:
633	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
634	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
635	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
636	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
637	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
638	provisions for backup boot methods.
639
64020180211:
641	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
642	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
643	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
644	imp@freebsd.org.
645
64620180114:
647	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
648	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
649	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
650	or higher.
651
65220180110:
653	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
654	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
655	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
656
657	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
658	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
659
66020180110:
661	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
662	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
663	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
664	remove it from kernel config files.
665
66620180104:
667	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
668	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
669	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
670
671	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
672	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
673
67420180102:
675	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
676	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
677	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
678	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
679
68020171215:
681	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
682	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
683
68420171214:
685	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
686	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
687	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
688	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
689
69020171125:
691	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
692	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
693	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
694	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
695	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
696	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
697
69820171110:
699	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
700	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
701	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
702
70320171106:
704	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
705	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
706	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
707	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
708	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
709
71020171102:
711	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
712	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
713	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
714	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
715	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
716	environment.
717
71820171101:
719	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
720	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
721	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
722	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
723	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
724	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
725	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
726	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
727	than hardcoding paths.
728
72920171028:
730	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
731	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
732	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
733
73420171021:
735	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
736	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
737	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
738	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
739
74020171010:
741	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
742	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
743
74420171005:
745	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
746	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
747	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
748	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
749
75020171003:
751	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
752	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
753	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
754	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
755	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
756
75720170912:
758	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
759	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
760	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
761	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
762	/etc/ctl.conf .
763
76420170912:
765	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
766	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
767	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
768	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
769	soft-float everything else should be affected.
770
77120170826:
772	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
773	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
774
77520170825:
776	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
777	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
778	to complete.
779
78020170814:
781	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
782	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
783	${TESTSDIR}.
784
785	Behavioral changes:
786	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
787	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
788	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
789	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
790
791	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
792	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
793	sandbox if successful.
794
795	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
796	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
797	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
798	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
799	an unprivileged user.
800
80120170808:
802	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
803	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
804	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
805	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
806	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
807	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
808	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
809	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
810	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
811	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
812	to which you should answer yes.
813
81420170728:
815	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
816	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
817	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
818	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
819	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
820
82120170722:
822	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
823	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
824	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
825
82620170701:
827	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
828	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
829
83020170625:
831	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
832	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
833	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
834	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
835	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
836	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
837	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
838
83920170623:
840	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
841	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
842	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
843	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
844	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
845	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
846
84720170620:
848	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
849	if you require the GPL compiler.
850
85120170618:
852	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
853	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
854	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
855
85620170617:
857	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
858	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
859	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
860	followed.
861
86220170531:
863	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
864	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
865	from ports (and recommends to install it).
866	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
867	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
868	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
869
87020170524:
871	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
872	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
873	which only require one chipset support.
874
875	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
876
877	if_ath_load="YES"
878
879	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
880	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
881	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
882
883	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
884	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
885
886	* load ath_hal
887	* load the chip modules in question
888	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
889	* load ath_main
890	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
891	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
892
893	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
894
89520170523:
896	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
897	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
898	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
899
900	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
901	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
902	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
903
904	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
905	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
906	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
907	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
908	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
909	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
910	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
911	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
912
91320170424:
914	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
915	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
916	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
917
91820170420:
919	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
920	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
921	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
922
92320170413:
924	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
925	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
926	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
927	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
928	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
929	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
930	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
931
93220170407:
933	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
934	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
935	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
936	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
937
93820170405:
939	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
940	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
941	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
942
94320170331:
944	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
945	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
946	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
947
94820170329:
949	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
950	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
951
952	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
953	via one of the following methods:
954	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
955	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
956	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
957	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
958
959	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
960
96120170316:
962	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
963	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
964	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
965	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
966	with mmc.ko).
967
96820170315:
969	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
970	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
971	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
972	be prefixed with colon.
973
97420170311:
975	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
976	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
977	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
978
97920170302:
980	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
981	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
982	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
983
98420170221:
985	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
986	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
987	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
988	change.
989
99020170216:
991	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
992	valid.
993
99420170215:
995	MCA bus support has been removed.
996
99720170127:
998	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
999	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1000
100120170112:
1002	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1003	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1004
100520170109:
1006	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1007	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1008	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1009	configuration.
1010
101120161217:
1012	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1013	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1014	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1015
101620161124:
1017	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1018	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1019	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1020
102120161119:
1022	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1023	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1024	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1025
102620161030:
1027	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1028	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1029	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1030	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1031
103220161017:
1033	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1034	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1035	parts.
1036	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1037	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1038
103920161015:
1040	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1041	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1042	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1043	removed from base.
1044
104520161008:
1046	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1047	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1048	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1049
105020161003:
1051	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1052	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1053
105420160924:
1055	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1056	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1057	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1058	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1059
106020160918:
1061	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1062	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1063	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1064	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1065	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1066
106720160918:
1068	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1069
107020160908:
1071	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1072	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1073	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1074	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1075
107620160824:
1077	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1078	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1079	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1080	to 1200005.
1081
108220160818:
1083	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1084	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1085	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1086	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1087	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1088	0.
1089
109020160818:
1091	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1092	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1093
109420160708:
1095	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1096
109720160622:
1098	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1099	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1100	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1101	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1102	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1103	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1104	kernel.
1105
110620160527:
1107	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1108	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1109	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1110	previously contained a line like
1111	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1112	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1113	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1114	generally be fine.
1115
111620160523:
1117	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1118	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1119	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1120	built with the old headers.
1121
112220160520:
1123	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1124	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1125	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1126	installing a new libc.
1127
112820160517:
1129	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1130	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1131	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1132	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1133	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1134	packages will be needed.
1135
1136	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1137	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1138	and the install steps.
1139
114020160510:
1141	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1142	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1143	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1144	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1145	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1146	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1147
114820160414:
1149	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1150	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1151	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1152	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1153	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1154
1155		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1156		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1157		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1158		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1159		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1160
1161	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1162	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1163	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1164	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1165	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1166	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1167	vendors work.
1168
1169	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1170	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1171		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1172	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1173	quirks entry to 0x3.
1174
117520160330:
1176	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1177	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1178	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1179
118020160317:
1181	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1182	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1183
118420160311:
1185	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1186	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1187	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1188	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1189	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1190	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1191	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1192	stale .depend files.
1193
119420160306:
1195	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1196	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1197	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1198	rebooting, e.g.:
1199
1200	make buildworld
1201	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1202	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1203	make -C sys/boot install
1204	<reboot in single user>
1205
1206	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1207	below.
1208
120920160305:
1210	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1211	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1212	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1213
121420160301:
1215	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1216	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1217	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1218	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1219	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1220	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1221
122220160226:
1223	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1224	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1225	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1226	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1227	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1228
122920160129:
1230	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1231	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1232	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1233	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1234	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1235
123620160119:
1237	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1238	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1239
124020160113:
1241	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1242	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1243	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1244
124520151216:
1246	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1247	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1248	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1249	other loaders.
1250
125120151211:
1252	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1253	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1254	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1255	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1256	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1257	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1258
125920151207:
1260	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1261	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1262	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1263	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1264	in src.conf(5).
1265
126620151130:
1267	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1268	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1269	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1270
127120151108:
1272	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1273	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1274	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1275
1276	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1277	collation results will be different.
1278
1279	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1280	locales before running make installworld.
1281
1282	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1283
128420151030:
1285	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1286	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1287
128820151020:
1289	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1290	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1291	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1292
129320151017:
1294	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1295	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1296	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1297	and 'make -N' will not.
1298
129920151012:
1300	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1301	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1302	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1303	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1304	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1305	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1306	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1307	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1308
130920151011:
1310	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1311	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1312	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1313	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1314
131520151006:
1316	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1317	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1318	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1319
132020150924:
1321	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1322	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1323	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1324	userland debug files.
1325
1326	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1327	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1328	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1329
1330	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1331	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1332
133320150827:
1334	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1335	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1336	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1337	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1338	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1339	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1340
134120150827:
1342	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1343	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1344	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1345
134620150817:
1347	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1348	them, the kernel must have
1349
1350	device	random
1351	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1352
1353	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1354	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1355	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1356	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1357
1358	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1359	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1360
136120150813:
1362	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1363	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1364	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1365
136620150810:
1367	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1368	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1369	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1370	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1371
1372	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1373	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1374	difference with this change.
1375
1376	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1377	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1378	remove that workaround.
1379
138020150809:
1381	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1382	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1383	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1384	with:
1385
1386	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1387
138820150806:
1389	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1390	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1391	loader.rc.local instead.
1392
139320150805:
1394	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1395	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1396	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1397
139820150728:
1399	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1400	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1401	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1402
1403	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1404	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1405
140620150706:
1407	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1408	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1409	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1410	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1411	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1412	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1413	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1414	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1415	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1416	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1417	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1418	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1419
142020150630:
1421	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1422	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1423
1424	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1425	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1426	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1427
1428	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1429	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1430
1431	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1432	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1433	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1434
1435	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1436	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1437	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1438	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1439
1440	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1441	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1442	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1443	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1444
1445	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1446	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1447	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1448	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1449	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1450	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1451	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1452	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1453	will never happen.
1454
145520150623:
1456	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1457	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1458
145920150616:
1460	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1461	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1462
146320150615:
1464	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1465	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1466	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1467	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1468	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1469
147020150614:
1471	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1472	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1473	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1474	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1475
147620150614:
1477	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1478	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1479	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1480	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1481	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1482	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1483	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1484
1485	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1486	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1487	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1488	   replace it with '2'.
1489	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1490	   a file path, create a new file with:
1491		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1492	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1493		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1494	5. Restart sendmail:
1495		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1496
1497	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1498	updated.
1499
150020150604:
1501	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1502	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1503	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1504	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1505	5.x.
1506
1507	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1508
150920150525:
1510	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1511	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1512	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1513
151420150521:
1515	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1516	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1517	and Pandaboard:
1518
1519	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1520	  same but content is different now
1521	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1522	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1523	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1524	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1525	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1526
152720150501:
1528	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1529	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1530	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1531
153220150423:
1533	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1534	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1535
153620150415:
1537	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1538	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1539
154020150416:
1541	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1542	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1543	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1544
154520150324:
1546	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1547	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1548	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1549	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1550
155120150315:
1552	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1553	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1554	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1555
155620150307:
1557	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1558	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1559	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1560	kernel before rebooting.
1561
156220150217:
1563	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1564	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1565	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1566	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1567	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1568	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1569
157020150210:
1571	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1572	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1573	with the new kernel.
1574
157520150131:
1576	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1577	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1578	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1579
158020150118:
1581	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1582	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1583	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1584	are not already using 3.5.0.
1585
158620150107:
1587	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1588	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1589	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1590	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1591	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1592
159320150105:
1594	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1595	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1596	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1597	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1598
159920150102:
1600	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1601	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1602
160320141231:
1604	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1605
1606	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1607	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1608	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1609	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1610	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1611	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1612	later.
1613
1614	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1615	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1616	of the box.
1617
1618	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1619	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1620	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1621	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1622
1623	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1624	the instructions for 9.x above.
1625
1626	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1627	default, and do not build clang.
1628
1629	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1630	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1631	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1632
1633	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1634	the following are most likely to appear:
1635
1636	-Wabsolute-value
1637
1638	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1639	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1640	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1641	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1642	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1643	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1644	  cast, or disable the warning.
1645
1646	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1647	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1648	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1649	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1650	  side-effects.
1651
1652	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1653	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1654
1655	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1656	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1657	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1658	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1659
1660	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1661	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1662	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1663	unreachable could be optimized away.
1664
166520141222:
1666	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1667	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1668	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1669	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1670	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1671	the utilities will report errors.
1672
167320141121:
1674	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1675	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1676	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1677	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1678	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1679	LOCAL_DIRS.
1680
168120141109:
1682	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1683	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1684
168520141104:
1686	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1687	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1688	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1689	drivers.
1690
1691	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1692	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1693	indicate what you need to do.
1694
1695	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1696	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1697	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1698
1699	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1700	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1701	  kern.vty=sc
1702
170320141102:
1704	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1705	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1706	execute it.
1707
170820141009:
1709	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1710	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1711	devel/gperf port.
1712
171320140923:
1714	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1715	contrib/pjdfstest .
1716
171720140922:
1718	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1719	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1720	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1721	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1722	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1723	their next update cycle.
1724
172520140729:
1726	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1727	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1728	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1729	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1730	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1731
173220140723:
1733	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1734	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1735
173620140719:
1737	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1738	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1739	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1740	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1741	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1742	new configuration.
1743
174420140709:
1745	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1746	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1747	them again.
1748	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1749
175020140708:
1751	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1752	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1753	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1754	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1755	requires readline.
1756
175720140702:
1758	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1759	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1760	architecture.
1761
176220140701:
1763	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1764	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1765	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1766	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1767	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1768
176920140629:
1770	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1771	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1772	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1773
177420140619:
1775	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1776	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1777	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1778
177920140606:
1780	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1781	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1782	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1783	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1784	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1785	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1786	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1787	"make installworld".
1788
1789	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1790	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1791	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1792	is run.
1793
1794	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1795	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1796	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1797	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1798	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1799
180020140512:
1801	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1802
180320140508:
1804	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1805	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1806	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1807
180820140505:
1809	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1810	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1811	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1812	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1813	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1814	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1815	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1816	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1817	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1818	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1819	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1820	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1821
1822	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1823	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1824	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1825	as well.
1826
182720140430:
1828	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1829	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1830
183120140424:
1832	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1833	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1834	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1835	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1836	build hosts for older releases.
1837
1838	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1839	r276991, respectively.
1840
184120140418:
1842	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1843	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1844	will silently lack HESIOD.
1845
184620140405:
1847	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1848	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1849	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1850	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1851	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1852	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1853	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1854	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1855	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1856	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1857	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1858	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1859
186020140306:
1861	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1862	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1863	with command line option -W.
1864
186520140226:
1866	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1867	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1868	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1869	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1870	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1871
187220140216:
1873	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1874
187520140216:
1876	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1877	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1878
187920140212:
1880	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1881	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1882	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1883	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1884	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1885
188620140204:
1887	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1888	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1889	kernel is still highly recommended.
1890
189120140131:
1892	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1893	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1894	capability mode support in kernel.
1895
189620140128:
1897	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1898	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1899	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1900	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1901	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1902
190320140110:
1904	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1905	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1906	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1907	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1908	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1909	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1910
191120131213:
1912	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1913	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1914	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1915	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1916	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1917	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1918	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1919	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1920	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1921
192220131108:
1923	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1924	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1925	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1926	should change your settings to use the latter.
1927
192820131025:
1929	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1930	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1931	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1932	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1933	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1934
193520131014:
1936	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1937	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1938	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1939	delete-old-libs":
1940	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1941	  or
1942	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1943
194420131010:
1945	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1946	revision r256279.
1947
1948COMMON ITEMS:
1949
1950	General Notes
1951	-------------
1952	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1953	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1954	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1955	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1956	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1957	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1958	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1959	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1960
1961	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1962	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1963	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1964	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1965	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1966	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1967	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1968	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1969	an exception.
1970
1971	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1972	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1973	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1974	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1975
1976	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1977	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1978	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1979	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1980	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1981	should write them with this in mind.
1982
1983	ZFS notes
1984	---------
1985	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1986	these two steps:
1987
1988	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1989	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1990
1991	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1992
1993	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1994	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1995	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1996
1997	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1998
1999	To build a kernel
2000	-----------------
2001	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2002	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2003	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2004
2005	make kernel-toolchain
2006	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2007	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2008
2009	To test a kernel once
2010	---------------------
2011	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2012	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2013	debugging information) run
2014	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2015	nextboot -k testkernel
2016
2017	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2018	-----------------------------------------------------------
2019	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2020	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2021
2022	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2023	make buildworld
2024	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2025	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2026							[1]
2027	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2028	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2029	make installworld
2030	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2031	make delete-old					[6]
2032	<reboot>
2033
2034	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2035	--------------------------------------------------
2036	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2037	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2038	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2039	# size.
2040
2041	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2042	<boot into -stable>
2043	make buildworld
2044	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2045	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2046	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2047	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2048	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2049	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2050	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2051	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2052	<reboot into current>
2053	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2054	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2055	<reboot>
2056
2057
2058	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2059	----------------------------------------------
2060	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2061	make buildworld					[9]
2062	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2063	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2064							[1]
2065	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2066	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2067	make installworld
2068	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2069	make delete-old					[6]
2070	<reboot>
2071
2072	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2073	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2074	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2075	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2076	the UPDATING entries.
2077
2078	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2079	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2080	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2081	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2082	much fewer pitfalls.
2083
2084	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2085	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2086	system on reboot.
2087
2088	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2089		fsck -p
2090		mount -u /
2091		mount -a
2092		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2093		cd src			# full path to source
2094		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2095	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2096	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2097
2098	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2099	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2100	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2101	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2102	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2103	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2104	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2105
2106	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2107	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2108	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2109	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2110	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2111	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2112
2113	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2114	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2115	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2116
2117	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2118	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2119	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2120	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2121	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2122	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2123	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2124	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2125
2126	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2127	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2128	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2129	for these as well.
2130
2131	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2132	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2133	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2134
2135	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2136	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2137	warn if it is improperly defined.
2138FORMAT:
2139
2140This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2141breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2142list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2143If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2144to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2145
2146Copyright information:
2147
2148Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2149
2150Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2151modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2152document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2153
2154THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2155IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2156WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2157DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2158INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2159(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2160SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2161HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2162STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2163IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2164POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2165
2166Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2167this document.
2168
2169$FreeBSD$
2170