xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision edf8578117e8844e02c0121147f45e4609b30680)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020230927:
31	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
32	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
33	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
34
3520230922:
36	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
37	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
38	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
39
4020230914:
41	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
42	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
43
4420230911:
45	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
46	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
47	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
48	for these file moves:
49
50		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
51		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
52		pkg upgrade -y
53
5420230909:
55	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
56	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
57	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
58	corresponding kernel environment variables.
59
6020230901:
61	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
62	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
63
6420230824:
65	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
66
6720230817:
68	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
69	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
70	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
71	configuration.
72
73	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
74	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
75	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
76	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
77	with the serial port at 115200.
78
7920230807:
80	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
81	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
82	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
83	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
84	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
85
8620230803:
87	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
88	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
89
9020230724:
91	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
92	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
93	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
94	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
95	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
96
9720230629:
98	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
99	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
100	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
101	file a PR and assign it to imp.
102
10320230623:
104	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
105	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
106	after upgrading.
107
10820230619:
109	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
110	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
111	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
112	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
113
114		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
115		service pf restart
116
117	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
118	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
119
12020230613:
121	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
122	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
123	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
124	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
125	already properly quoted or escaped.
126
12720230612:
128	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
129	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
130	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
131	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
132	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
133	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
134	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
135	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
136
137	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
138	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
139
14020230422:
141	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
142	using git instead.
143
14420230420:
145	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
146	eg.
147		make buildworld-jobs
148	runs
149		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
150
151	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
152
15320230316:
154	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
155	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
156	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
157	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
158	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
159	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
160	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
161	exist anymore.
162
16320230221:
164	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
165	for details.
166
16720230206:
168	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
169	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
170	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
171
17220230204:
173	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
174	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
175
17620230130:
177	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
178	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
179	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
180
18120230126:
182	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
183	system are now built unconditionally.
184
18520230113:
186	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
187	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
188
18920221212:
190	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
191	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
192
193	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
194	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
195	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
196
19720221205:
198	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
199	to reenable sendmail(8):
200
201	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
202
203	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
204
20520221204:
206	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
207	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
208	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
209	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
210	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
211	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
212
213	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
214
21520221122:
216	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
217	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
218	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
219
22020221121:
221	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
222	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
223
22420221026:
225	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
226	for pkgbase users to do:
227
228	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
229	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
230
231	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
232	installed.
233
23420221002:
235	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
236	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
237	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
238	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
239
24020220610:
241	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
242	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
243
24420211230:
245	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
246	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
247	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
248	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
249	reflect this change.
250
25120211214:
252	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
253	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
254
25520211209:
256	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
257	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
258	the coming days and weeks.
259
260	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
261	or touch
262		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
263		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
264		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
265		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
266	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
267
26820211202:
269	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
270	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
271	statement in unbound.conf:
272		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
273
274	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
275
276	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
277	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
278	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
279	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
280	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
281	such names when roaming to different homenets.
282
28320211110:
284	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
285	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
286	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
287	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
288	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
289	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
290	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
291	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
292	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
293	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
294	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
295
29620211118:
297	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
298	tree shortly.
299
30020211106:
301	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
302	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
303	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
304	may need to be modified.
305
30620211022:
307	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
308	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
309	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
310
31120211020:
312	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
313	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
314
315	# chsh -s csh
316
31720211004:
318	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
319	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
320	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
321	this change.
322
32320210923:
324	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
325	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
326	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
327	list of modules to load on their systems.
328
32920210922:
330	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
331	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
332	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
333	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
334
33520210911:
336	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
337	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
338	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
339	being loaded.
340
34120210817:
342	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
343	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
344	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
345	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
346	application-specific configuration option for applications
347	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
348
34920210811:
350	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
351	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
352
35320210730:
354	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
355	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
356	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
357	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
358
35920210729:
360	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
361	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
362	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
363
36420210716:
365	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
366	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
367	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
368
36920210715:
370	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
371	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
372	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
373	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
374	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
375	to update your sources past the above hash and do
376		% cd usr.bin/awk
377		% make clean all
378		% sudo -E make install
379	to enable building kernels again.
380
38120210708:
382	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
383	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
384	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
385
38620210707:
387	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
388	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
389
39020210624:
391	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
392	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
393	for NFSv4 mounts.
394	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
395
39620210618:
397	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
398	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
399	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
400	additions and others.
401
40220210618:
403	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
404	renamed to "untrusted".
405
40620210611:
407	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
408	please install the svn package or port.
409
41020210611:
411	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
412	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
413	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
414
41520210610:
416	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
417
41820210608:
419	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
420	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
421https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
422	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
423	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
424	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
425	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
426
42720210525:
428	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
429	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
430	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
431	detect this.
432
43320210513:
434	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
435	libraries and utilities are packaged.
436	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
437	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
438	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
439	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
440	on the system.
441
44220210426:
443	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
444	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
445	need to be rebuilt from sources.
446	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
447	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
448	is not recommended.
449
45020210411:
451	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
452	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
453	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
454	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
455	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
456	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
457
45820210330:
459	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
460	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
461	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
462	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
463
46420210225:
465	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
466	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
467	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
468
46920210128:
470	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
471	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
472	update.
473
47420210108:
475	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
476	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
477	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
478	since it was bumped so recently.
479
48020210107:
481	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
482	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
483	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
484	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
485
48620210105:
487	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
488	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
489	requires a clean build.
490
49120201223:
492	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
493	instructions can be found at
494	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
495	and other documents in that repo.
496
49720201216:
498	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
499	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
500	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
501	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
502
50320201215:
504	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
505	may be installed from ports or packages.
506
50720201124:
508	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
509	See ping(8) for details.
510
51120201108:
512	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
513	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
514	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
515
51620201030:
517	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
518	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
519	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
520	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
521	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
522
52320201026:
524	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
525	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
526	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
527	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
528	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
529	find.
530
53120200923:
532	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
533	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
534	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
535	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
536
537	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
538	command you want to un-auger the tree is
539		cd sys/amd64/conf
540		svn revert -R .
541	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
542	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
543
54420200824:
545	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
546	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
547	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
548	unless you  want to use new features.
549
550	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
551	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
552	rebuilding world may fail.
553
554	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
555	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
556
557	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
558	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
559	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
560	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
561
56220200824:
563	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
564	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
565	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
566	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
567
56820200821:
569	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
570	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
571	sources.
572
57320200817:
574	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
575	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
576
57720200816:
578	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
579	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
580	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
581	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
582
58320200810:
584	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
585	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
586	from sources, so a version bump was done.
587
58820200807:
589	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
590	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
591	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
592	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
593
59420200729:
595	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
596	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
597	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
598	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
599	continue to function.
600
601	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
602	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
603	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
604	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
605
60620200627:
607	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
608	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
609	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
610	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
611	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
612	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
613	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
614
61520200625:
616	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
617	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
618
61920200613:
620	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
621	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
622	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
623
62420200604:
625	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
626	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
627	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
628	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
629
630	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
631	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
632	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
633	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
634	/root/.shrc.
635
63620200523:
637	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
638	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
639	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
640	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
641
64220200512:
643	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
644	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
645
64620200424:
647	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
648	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
649	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
650	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
651	be functional without closefrom(2).
652
65320200414:
654	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
655	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
656	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
657	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
658	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
659	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
660
66120200310:
662	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
663	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
664	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
665	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
666
66720200309:
668	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
669	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
670	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
671
67220200301:
673	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
674
67520200229:
676	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
677	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
678	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
679
68020200229:
681	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
682	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
683
68420200229:
685	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
686	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
687	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
688	ports or packages.
689
69020200220:
691	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
692	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
693	ncurses.
694
69520200217:
696	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
697	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
698	together with their new kernel.
699
70020200212:
701	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
702	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
703	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
704
705	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
706	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
707
70820200108:
709	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
710	linker for riscv64.
711
71220200107:
713	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
714	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
715	external toolchain package.
716
71720200104:
718	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
719	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
720	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
721	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
722	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
723
72420200102:
725	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
726	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
727	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
728	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
729
73020191226:
731	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
732	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
733	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
734	ABI.
735
73620191226:
737	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
738
73920191222:
740	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
741	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
742	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
743	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
744
74520191212:
746	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
747	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
748	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
749
75020191205:
751	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
752	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
753	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
754	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
755	differences between those included in the port and those included in
756	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
757	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
758	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
759
76020191120:
761	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
762	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
763	for automounting.
764
76520191107:
766	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
767	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
768	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
769	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
770	add superio to the set.
771
77220191021:
773	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
774	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
775
77620191021:
777	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
778	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
779	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
780	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
781	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
782	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
783	completely in the future.
784
78520191009:
786	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
787	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
788	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
789	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
790	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
791	will be removed from the list.
792
79320191009:
794	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
795	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
796	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
797	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
798
79920191003:
800	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
801	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
802	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
803	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
804
80520190913:
806	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
807	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
808	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
809	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
810
81120190823:
812	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
813	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
814	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
815
81620190727:
817	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
818	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
819	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
820	your scripts, because they had no effect.
821
822	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
823	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
824	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
825	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
826	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
827
82820190713:
829	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
830	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
831	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
832	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
833	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
834	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
835	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
836
83720190620:
838	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
839	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
840	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
841	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
842
84320190612:
844	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
845	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
846	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
847	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
848
84920190608:
850	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
851	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
852	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
853
85420190513:
855	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
856	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
857	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
858	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
859	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
860	avoid running into the limit.
861
86220190507:
863	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
864	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
865
86620190507:
867	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
868	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
869	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
870	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
871	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
872	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
873
87420190418:
875	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
876	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
877	entropy:
878
879	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
880	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
881	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
882	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
883	availability properties.
884
885	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
886	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
887	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
888	initial condition, if desired.
889
890	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
891	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
892
893	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
894	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
895	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
896	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
897
89820190416:
899	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
900	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
901	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
902	therefore unblocked).
903
90420190404:
905	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
906	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
907	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
908	is added to the command line.
909	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
910	not affected and should continue to work.
911
91220190320:
913	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
914	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
915	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
916	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
917
91820190304:
919	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
920	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
921	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
922	or higher.
923
92420190226:
925	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
926	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
927	kernel config.
928
92920190219:
930	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
931	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
932	migrating to the drm ports.
933
93420190131:
935	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
936	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
937	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
938	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
939	is loaded automatically.
940
94120190125:
942	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
943	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
944	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
945	kernel config files.
946
94720181230:
948	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
949	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
950	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
951	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
952
95320181220:
954	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
955	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
956	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
957	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
958	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
959	most NFSv4 mounts.
960
96120181219:
962	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
963	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
964	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
965
966	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
967	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
968
969	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
970	removed from the mips port.
971
97220181211:
973	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
974	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
975	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
976	or higher.
977
97820181211:
979	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
980	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
981
98220181126:
983	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
984	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
985	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
986	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
987
98820181123:
989	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
990	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
991	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
992
99320181115:
994	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
995	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
996	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
997	FreeBSD versions.
998
99920181110:
1000	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1001	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1002	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1003
1004	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1005	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1006	being included using the command:
1007		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1008
100920181015:
1010	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1011	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1012	drm-legacy-kmod.
1013
1014	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1015	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1016	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1017	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1018	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1019	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1020	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1021	that as you will get better support.
1022
1023	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1024	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1025	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1026	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1027
1028	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1029	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1030	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1031	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1032	shortly.
1033
103420181012:
1035	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1036	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1037	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1038	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1039	be adjusted as necessary.
1040
104120181009:
1042	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1043	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1044	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1045	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1046
104720181006:
1048	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1049	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1050	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1051	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1052	encouraged.
1053
105420181002:
1055	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1056	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1057	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1058	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1059	nda device name.
1060
106120180913:
1062	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1063	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1064	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1065	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1066	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1067	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1068
106920180826:
1070	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1071	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1072	default since FreeBSD-11.
1073
107420180822:
1075	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1076	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1077	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1078
107920180818:
1080	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1081	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1082	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1083	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1084	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1085	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1086	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1087
1088	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1089	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1090
109120180815:
1092	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1093	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1094	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1095	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1096	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1097	may not be observed in a future release.
1098
109920180808:
1100	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1101	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1102	your environment.
1103
110420180731:
1105	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1106	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1107	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1108	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1109
111020180730:
1111	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1112	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1113	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1114	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1115	runtime services.
1116
111720180727:
1118	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1119	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1120	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1121
112220180723:
1123	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1124	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1125	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1126	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1127	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1128
112920180720:
1130	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1131	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1132	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1133	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1134	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1135	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1136
113720180719:
1138	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1139	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1140	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1141	boot_serial=YES
1142	boot_multicons=YES
1143	in /boot/loader.conf
1144	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1145	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1146	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1147
114820180719:
1149	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1150	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1151	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1152	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1153	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1154	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1155	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1156	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1157	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1158	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1159	by the ntpd user.
1160
116120180717:
1162	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1163
116420180711:
1165	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1166	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1167	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1168	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1169	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1170
117120180705:
1172	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1173	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1174	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1175	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1176	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1177	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1178
117920180702:
1180	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1181	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1182
118320180701:
1184	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1185	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1186	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1187	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1188	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1189	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1190	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1191
119220180630:
1193	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1194	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1195	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1196	or higher.
1197
119820180628:
1199	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1200	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1201	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1202	file.
1203
120420180612:
1205	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1206	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1207
120820180530:
1209	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1210	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1211	longer necessary.
1212
121320180530:
1214	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1215	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1216	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1217	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1218
121920180523:
1220	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1221	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1222	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1223	later than r334108.
1224
122520180517:
1226	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1227	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1228	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1229	it must be removed.
1230
123120180510:
1232	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1233	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1234	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1235	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1236	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1237	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1238	will go away.
1239
1240	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1241	workaround is necessary.
1242
124320180508:
1244	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1245	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1246	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1247	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1248
124920180504:
1250	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1251	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1252	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1253	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1254	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1255
125620180502:
1257	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1258	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1259	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1260	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1261
126220180501:
1263	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1264	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1265	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1266	be removed.
1267
126820180413:
1269	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1270	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1271	removed.
1272
127320180411:
1274	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1275	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1276	removed.
1277
127820180406:
1279	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1280	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1281	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1282	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1283	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1284
1285	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1286	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1287	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1288	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1289	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1290	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1291	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1292
1293	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1294	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1295
1296		source src {
1297			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1298		}
1299
1300	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1301	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1302	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1303
1304		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1305
1306	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1307	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1308	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1309	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1310	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1311	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1312	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1313
1314	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1315	change.
1316
131720180328:
1318	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1319	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1320	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1321
132220180323:
1323	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1324	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1325	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1326	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1327	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1328	should be as simple as:
1329
1330		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1331		$ make depend all install
1332
133320180212:
1334	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1335	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1336	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1337	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1338	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1339	provisions for backup boot methods.
1340
134120180211:
1342	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1343	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1344	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1345	imp@freebsd.org.
1346
134720180114:
1348	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1349	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1350	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1351	or higher.
1352
135320180110:
1354	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1355	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1356	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1357
1358	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1359	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1360
136120180110:
1362	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1363	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1364	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1365	remove it from kernel config files.
1366
136720180104:
1368	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1369	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1370	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1371
1372	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1373	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1374
137520180102:
1376	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1377	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1378	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1379	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1380
138120171215:
1382	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1383	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1384
138520171214:
1386	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1387	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1388	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1389	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1390
139120171125:
1392	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1393	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1394	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1395	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1396	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1397	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1398
139920171110:
1400	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1401	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1402	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1403
140420171106:
1405	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1406	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1407	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1408	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1409	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1410
141120171102:
1412	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1413	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1414	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1415	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1416	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1417	environment.
1418
141920171101:
1420	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1421	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1422	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1423	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1424	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1425	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1426	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1427	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1428	than hardcoding paths.
1429
143020171028:
1431	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1432	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1433	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1434
143520171021:
1436	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1437	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1438	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1439	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1440
144120171010:
1442	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1443	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1444
144520171005:
1446	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1447	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1448	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1449	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1450
145120171003:
1452	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1453	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1454	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1455	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1456	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1457
145820170912:
1459	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1460	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1461	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1462	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1463	/etc/ctl.conf .
1464
146520170912:
1466	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1467	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1468	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1469	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1470	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1471
147220170826:
1473	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1474	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1475
147620170825:
1477	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1478	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1479	to complete.
1480
148120170814:
1482	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1483	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1484	${TESTSDIR}.
1485
1486	Behavioral changes:
1487	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1488	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1489	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1490	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1491
1492	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1493	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1494	sandbox if successful.
1495
1496	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1497	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1498	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1499	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1500	an unprivileged user.
1501
150220170808:
1503	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1504	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1505	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1506	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1507	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1508	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1509	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1510	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1511	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1512	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1513	to which you should answer yes.
1514
151520170728:
1516	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1517	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1518	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1519	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1520	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1521
152220170722:
1523	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1524	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1525	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1526
152720170701:
1528	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1529	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1530
153120170625:
1532	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1533	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1534	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1535	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1536	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1537	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1538	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1539
154020170623:
1541	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1542	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1543	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1544	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1545	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1546	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1547
154820170620:
1549	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1550	if you require the GPL compiler.
1551
155220170618:
1553	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1554	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1555	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1556
155720170617:
1558	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1559	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1560	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1561	followed.
1562
156320170531:
1564	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1565	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1566	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1567	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1568	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1569	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1570
157120170524:
1572	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1573	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1574	which only require one chipset support.
1575
1576	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1577
1578	if_ath_load="YES"
1579
1580	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1581	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1582	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1583
1584	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1585	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1586
1587	* load ath_hal
1588	* load the chip modules in question
1589	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1590	* load ath_main
1591	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1592	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1593
1594	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1595
159620170523:
1597	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1598	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1599	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1600
1601	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1602	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1603	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1604
1605	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1606	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1607	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1608	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1609	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1610	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1611	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1612	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1613
161420170424:
1615	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1616	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1617	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1618
161920170420:
1620	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1621	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1622	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1623
162420170413:
1625	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1626	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1627	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1628	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1629	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1630	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1631	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1632
163320170407:
1634	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1635	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1636	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1637	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1638
163920170405:
1640	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1641	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1642	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1643
164420170331:
1645	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1646	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1647	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1648
164920170329:
1650	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1651	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1652
1653	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1654	via one of the following methods:
1655	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1656	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1657	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1658	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1659
1660	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1661
166220170316:
1663	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1664	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1665	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1666	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1667	with mmc.ko).
1668
166920170315:
1670	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1671	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1672	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1673	be prefixed with colon.
1674
167520170311:
1676	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1677	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1678	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1679
168020170302:
1681	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1682	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1683	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1684
168520170221:
1686	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1687	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1688	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1689	change.
1690
169120170216:
1692	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1693	valid.
1694
169520170215:
1696	MCA bus support has been removed.
1697
169820170127:
1699	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1700	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1701
170220170112:
1703	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1704	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1705
170620170109:
1707	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1708	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1709	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1710	configuration.
1711
171220161217:
1713	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1714	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1715	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1716
171720161124:
1718	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1719	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1720	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1721
172220161119:
1723	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1724	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1725	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1726
172720161030:
1728	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1729	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1730	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1731	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1732
173320161017:
1734	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1735	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1736	parts.
1737	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1738	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1739
174020161015:
1741	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1742	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1743	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1744	removed from base.
1745
174620161008:
1747	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1748	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1749	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1750
175120161003:
1752	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1753	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1754
175520160924:
1756	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1757	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1758	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1759	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1760
176120160918:
1762	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1763	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1764	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1765	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1766	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1767
176820160918:
1769	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1770
177120160908:
1772	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1773	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1774	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1775	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1776
177720160824:
1778	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1779	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1780	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1781	to 1200005.
1782
178320160818:
1784	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1785	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1786	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1787	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1788	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1789	0.
1790
179120160818:
1792	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1793	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1794
179520160708:
1796	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1797
1798After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1799from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1800entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1801UPDATING file.
1802
1803COMMON ITEMS:
1804
1805	General Notes
1806	-------------
1807	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1808	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1809	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1810	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1811	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1812	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1813	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1814	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1815
1816	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1817	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1818	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1819	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1820	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1821	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1822	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1823	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1824	an exception.
1825
1826	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1827	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1828	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1829	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1830	step.
1831
1832	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1833	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1834	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1835	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1836
1837	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1838	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1839	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1840	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1841	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1842	should write them with this in mind.
1843
1844	ZFS notes
1845	---------
1846	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1847	always follow these three steps:
1848
1849	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1850	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1851
1852	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1853	doing a zpool upgrade):
1854
1855	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1856	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1857		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1858	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1859
1860	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1861	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1862	zpool upgrade.
1863
1864	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1865
1866	EFI notes
1867	---------
1868
1869	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1870	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1871	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1872	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1873	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1874	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1875	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1876	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1877
1878	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1879	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1880	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1881	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1882
1883	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1884	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1885	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1886	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1887
1888	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1889
1890	To build a kernel
1891	-----------------
1892	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1893	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1894	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1895
1896	make kernel-toolchain
1897	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1898	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1899
1900	To test a kernel once
1901	---------------------
1902	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1903	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1904	debugging information) run
1905	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1906	nextboot -k testkernel
1907
1908	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1909	-----------------------------------------------------------
1910	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1911	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1912
1913	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1914	make buildworld
1915	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1916	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1917							[1]
1918	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1919	etcupdate -p					[5]
1920	make installworld
1921	etcupdate -B					[4]
1922	make delete-old					[6]
1923	<reboot>
1924
1925	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1926	--------------------------------------------------
1927	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1928	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1929	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1930	# size.
1931
1932	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1933	<boot into -stable>
1934	make buildworld
1935	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1936	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1937	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1938	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1939	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1940	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1941	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1942	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1943	<reboot into current>
1944	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1945	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1946	<reboot>
1947
1948
1949	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1950	----------------------------------------------
1951	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1952	make buildworld					[9]
1953	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1954	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1955							[1]
1956	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1957	etcupdate -p					[5]
1958	make installworld
1959	etcupdate -B					[4]
1960	make delete-old					[6]
1961	<reboot>
1962
1963	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1964	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1965	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1966	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1967	the UPDATING entries.
1968
1969	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1970	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1971	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1972	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1973	much fewer pitfalls.
1974
1975	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
1976	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
1977	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
1978	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
1979	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
1980	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
1981	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
1982	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
1983	and effective, eg:
1984	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
1985
1986	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1987		fsck -p
1988		mount -u /
1989		mount -a
1990		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1991		cd src			# full path to source
1992		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1993	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
1994	into single user mode to do the installworld.
1995
1996	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1997	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1998	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1999	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2000	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2001	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2002
2003	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2004	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2005	step.
2006
2007	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2008	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2009	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2010
2011	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2012	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2013	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2014	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2015	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2016	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2017	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2018	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2019
2020	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2021	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2022	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2023	for these as well.
2024
2025	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2026	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2027	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2028
2029	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2030	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2031	warn if it is improperly defined.
2032FORMAT:
2033
2034This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2035breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2036list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2037If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2038to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2039
2040Copyright information:
2041
2042Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2043
2044Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2045modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2046document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2047
2048THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2049IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2050WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2051DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2052INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2053(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2054SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2055HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2056STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2057IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2058POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2059
2060Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2061this document.
2062