xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision e9b148a3185f41e3a09e91ea75cae7828d908845)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920191021:
30	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
31	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
32
3320191021:
34	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
35	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
36	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
37	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
38	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
39	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
40	completely in the future.
41
4220191009:
43	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
44	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
45	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
46	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
47	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
48	will be removed from the list.
49
5020191009:
51	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
52	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
53	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
54	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
55
5620191003:
57	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
58	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
59	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
60	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
61
6220190913:
63	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
64	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
65	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
66	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
67
6820190823:
69	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
70	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
71	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
72
7320190727:
74	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
75	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
76	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
77	your scripts, because they had no effect.
78
79	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
80	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
81	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
82	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
83	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
84
8520190713:
86	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
87	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
88	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
89	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
90	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
91	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
92	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
93
9420190620:
95	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
96	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
97	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
98	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
99
10020190612:
101	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
102	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
103	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
104	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
105
10620190608:
107	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
108	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
109	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
110
11120190513:
112	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
113	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
114	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
115	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
116	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
117	avoid running into the limit.
118
11920190507:
120	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
121	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
122
12320190507:
124	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
125	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
126	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
127	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
128	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
129	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
130
13120190418:
132	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
133	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
134	entropy:
135
136	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
137	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
138	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
139	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
140	availability properties.
141
142	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
143	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
144	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
145	initial condition, if desired.
146
147	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
148	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
149
150	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
151	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
152	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
153	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
154
15520190416:
156	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
157	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
158	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
159	therefore unblocked).
160
16120190404:
162	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
163	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
164	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
165	is added to the command line.
166	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
167	not affected and should continue to work.
168
16920190320:
170	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
171	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
172	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
173	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
174
17520190304:
176	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
177	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
178	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
179	or higher.
180
18120190226:
182	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
183	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
184	kernel config.
185
18620190219:
187	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
188	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
189	migrating to the drm ports.
190
19120190131:
192	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
193	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
194	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
195	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
196	is loaded automatically.
197
19820190125:
199	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
200	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
201	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
202	kernel config files.
203
20420181230:
205	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
206	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
207	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
208	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
209
21020181220:
211	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
212	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
213	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
214	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
215	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
216	most NFSv4 mounts.
217
21820181219:
219	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
220	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
221	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
222
223	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
224	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
225
226	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
227	removed from the mips port.
228
22920181211:
230	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
231	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
232	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
233	or higher.
234
23520181211:
236	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
237	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
238
23920181126:
240	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
241	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
242	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
243	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
244
24520181123:
246	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
247	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
248	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
249
25020181115:
251	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
252	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
253	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
254	FreeBSD versions.
255
25620181110:
257	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
258	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
259	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
260
261	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
262	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
263	being included using the command:
264		$ newsyslog -Nrv
265
26620181015:
267	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
268	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
269	drm-legacy-kmod.
270
271	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
272	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
273	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
274	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
275	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
276	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
277	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
278	that as you will get better support.
279
280	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
281	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
282	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
283	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
284
285	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
286	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
287	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
288	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
289	shortly.
290
29120181012:
292	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
293	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
294	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
295	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
296	be adjusted as necessary.
297
29820181009:
299	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
300	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
301	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
302	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
303
30420181006:
305	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
306	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
307	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
308	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
309	encouraged.
310
31120181002:
312	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
313	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
314	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
315	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
316	nda device name.
317
31820180913:
319	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
320	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
321	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
322	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
323	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
324	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
325
32620180826:
327	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
328	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
329	default since FreeBSD-11.
330
33120180822:
332	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
333	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
334	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
335
33620180818:
337	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
338	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
339	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
340	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
341	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
342	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
343	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
344
345	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
346	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
347
34820180815:
349	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
350	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
351	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
352	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
353	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
354	may not be observed in a future release.
355
35620180808:
357	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
358	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
359	your environment.
360
36120180731:
362	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
363	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
364	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
365	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
366
36720180730:
368	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
369	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
370	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
371	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
372	runtime services.
373
37420180727:
375	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
376	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
377	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
378
37920180723:
380	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
381	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
382	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
383	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
384	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
385
38620180720:
387	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
388	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
389	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
390	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
391	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
392	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
393
39420180719:
395	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
396	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
397	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
398	boot_serial=YES
399	boot_multicons=YES
400	in /boot/loader.conf
401	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
402	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
403	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
404
40520180719:
406	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
407	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
408	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
409	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
410	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
411	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
412	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
413	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
414	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
415	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
416	by the ntpd user.
417
41820180717:
419	Big endian arm support has been removed.
420
42120180711:
422	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
423	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
424	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
425	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
426	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
427
42820180705:
429	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
430	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
431	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
432	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
433	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
434	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
435
43620180702:
437	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
438	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
439
44020180701:
441	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
442	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
443	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
444	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
445	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
446	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
447	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
448
44920180630:
450	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
451	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
452	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
453	or higher.
454
45520180628:
456	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
457	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
458	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
459	file.
460
46120180612:
462	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
463	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
464
46520180530:
466	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
467	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
468	longer necessary.
469
47020180530:
471	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
472	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
473	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
474	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
475
47620180523:
477	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
478	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
479	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
480	later than r334108.
481
48220180517:
483	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
484	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
485	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
486	it must be removed.
487
48820180510:
489	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
490	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
491	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
492	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
493	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
494	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
495	will go away.
496
497	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
498	workaround is necessary.
499
50020180508:
501	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
502	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
503	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
504	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
505
50620180504:
507	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
508	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
509	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
510	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
511	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
512
51320180502:
514	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
515	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
516	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
517	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
518
51920180501:
520	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
521	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
522	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
523	be removed.
524
52520180413:
526	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
527	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
528	removed.
529
53020180411:
531	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
532	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
533	removed.
534
53520180406:
536	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
537	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
538	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
539	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
540	microseconds and time zone offsets.
541
542	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
543	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
544	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
545	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
546	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
547	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
548	adjustments, depending on the software used.
549
550	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
551	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
552
553		source src {
554			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
555		}
556
557	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
558	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
559	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
560
561		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
562
563	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
564	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
565	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
566	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
567	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
568	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
569	thus expected to continue to function as before.
570
571	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
572	change.
573
57420180328:
575	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
576	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
577	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
578
57920180323:
580	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
581	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
582	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
583	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
584	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
585	should be as simple as:
586
587		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
588		$ make depend all install
589
59020180212:
591	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
592	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
593	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
594	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
595	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
596	provisions for backup boot methods.
597
59820180211:
599	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
600	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
601	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
602	imp@freebsd.org.
603
60420180114:
605	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
606	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
607	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
608	or higher.
609
61020180110:
611	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
612	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
613	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
614
615	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
616	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
617
61820180110:
619	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
620	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
621	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
622	remove it from kernel config files.
623
62420180104:
625	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
626	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
627	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
628
629	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
630	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
631
63220180102:
633	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
634	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
635	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
636	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
637
63820171215:
639	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
640	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
641
64220171214:
643	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
644	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
645	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
646	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
647
64820171125:
649	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
650	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
651	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
652	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
653	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
654	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
655
65620171110:
657	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
658	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
659	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
660
66120171106:
662	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
663	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
664	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
665	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
666	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
667
66820171102:
669	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
670	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
671	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
672	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
673	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
674	environment.
675
67620171101:
677	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
678	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
679	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
680	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
681	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
682	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
683	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
684	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
685	than hardcoding paths.
686
68720171028:
688	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
689	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
690	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
691
69220171021:
693	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
694	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
695	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
696	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
697
69820171010:
699	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
700	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
701
70220171005:
703	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
704	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
705	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
706	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
707
70820171003:
709	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
710	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
711	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
712	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
713	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
714
71520170912:
716	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
717	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
718	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
719	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
720	/etc/ctl.conf .
721
72220170912:
723	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
724	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
725	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
726	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
727	soft-float everything else should be affected.
728
72920170826:
730	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
731	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
732
73320170825:
734	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
735	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
736	to complete.
737
73820170814:
739	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
740	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
741	${TESTSDIR}.
742
743	Behavioral changes:
744	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
745	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
746	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
747	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
748
749	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
750	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
751	sandbox if successful.
752
753	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
754	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
755	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
756	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
757	an unprivileged user.
758
75920170808:
760	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
761	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
762	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
763	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
764	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
765	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
766	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
767	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
768	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
769	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
770	to which you should answer yes.
771
77220170728:
773	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
774	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
775	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
776	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
777	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
778
77920170722:
780	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
781	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
782	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
783
78420170701:
785	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
786	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
787
78820170625:
789	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
790	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
791	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
792	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
793	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
794	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
795	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
796
79720170623:
798	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
799	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
800	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
801	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
802	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
803	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
804
80520170620:
806	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
807	if you require the GPL compiler.
808
80920170618:
810	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
811	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
812	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
813
81420170617:
815	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
816	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
817	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
818	followed.
819
82020170531:
821	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
822	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
823	from ports (and recommends to install it).
824	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
825	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
826	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
827
82820170524:
829	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
830	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
831	which only require one chipset support.
832
833	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
834
835	if_ath_load="YES"
836
837	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
838	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
839	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
840
841	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
842	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
843
844	* load ath_hal
845	* load the chip modules in question
846	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
847	* load ath_main
848	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
849	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
850
851	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
852
85320170523:
854	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
855	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
856	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
857
858	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
859	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
860	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
861
862	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
863	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
864	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
865	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
866	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
867	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
868	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
869	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
870
87120170424:
872	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
873	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
874	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
875
87620170420:
877	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
878	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
879	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
880
88120170413:
882	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
883	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
884	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
885	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
886	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
887	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
888	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
889
89020170407:
891	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
892	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
893	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
894	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
895
89620170405:
897	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
898	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
899	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
900
90120170331:
902	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
903	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
904	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
905
90620170329:
907	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
908	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
909
910	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
911	via one of the following methods:
912	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
913	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
914	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
915	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
916
917	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
918
91920170316:
920	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
921	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
922	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
923	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
924	with mmc.ko).
925
92620170315:
927	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
928	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
929	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
930	be prefixed with colon.
931
93220170311:
933	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
934	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
935	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
936
93720170302:
938	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
939	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
940	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
941
94220170221:
943	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
944	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
945	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
946	change.
947
94820170216:
949	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
950	valid.
951
95220170215:
953	MCA bus support has been removed.
954
95520170127:
956	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
957	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
958
95920170112:
960	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
961	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
962
96320170109:
964	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
965	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
966	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
967	configuration.
968
96920161217:
970	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
971	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
972	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
973
97420161124:
975	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
976	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
977	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
978
97920161119:
980	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
981	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
982	that link against it need to be recompiled.
983
98420161030:
985	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
986	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
987	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
988	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
989
99020161017:
991	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
992	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
993	parts.
994	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
995	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
996
99720161015:
998	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
999	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1000	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1001	removed from base.
1002
100320161008:
1004	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1005	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1006	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1007
100820161003:
1009	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1010	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1011
101220160924:
1013	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1014	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1015	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1016	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1017
101820160918:
1019	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1020	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1021	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1022	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1023	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1024
102520160918:
1026	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1027
102820160908:
1029	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1030	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1031	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1032	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1033
103420160824:
1035	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1036	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1037	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1038	to 1200005.
1039
104020160818:
1041	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1042	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1043	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1044	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1045	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1046	0.
1047
104820160818:
1049	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1050	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1051
105220160708:
1053	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1054
105520160622:
1056	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1057	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1058	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1059	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1060	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1061	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1062	kernel.
1063
106420160527:
1065	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1066	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1067	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1068	previously contained a line like
1069	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1070	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1071	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1072	generally be fine.
1073
107420160523:
1075	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1076	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1077	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1078	built with the old headers.
1079
108020160520:
1081	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1082	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1083	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1084	installing a new libc.
1085
108620160517:
1087	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1088	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1089	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1090	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1091	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1092	packages will be needed.
1093
1094	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1095	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1096	and the install steps.
1097
109820160510:
1099	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1100	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1101	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1102	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1103	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1104	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1105
110620160414:
1107	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1108	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1109	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1110	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1111	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1112
1113		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1114		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1115		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1116		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1117		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1118
1119	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1120	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1121	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1122	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1123	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1124	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1125	vendors work.
1126
1127	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1128	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1129		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1130	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1131	quirks entry to 0x3.
1132
113320160330:
1134	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1135	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1136	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1137
113820160317:
1139	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1140	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1141
114220160311:
1143	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1144	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1145	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1146	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1147	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1148	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1149	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1150	stale .depend files.
1151
115220160306:
1153	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1154	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1155	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1156	rebooting, e.g.:
1157
1158	make buildworld
1159	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1160	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1161	make -C sys/boot install
1162	<reboot in single user>
1163
1164	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1165	below.
1166
116720160305:
1168	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1169	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1170	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1171
117220160301:
1173	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1174	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1175	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1176	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1177	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1178	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1179
118020160226:
1181	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1182	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1183	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1184	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1185	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1186
118720160129:
1188	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1189	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1190	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1191	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1192	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1193
119420160119:
1195	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1196	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1197
119820160113:
1199	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1200	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1201	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1202
120320151216:
1204	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1205	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1206	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1207	other loaders.
1208
120920151211:
1210	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1211	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1212	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1213	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1214	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1215	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1216
121720151207:
1218	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1219	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1220	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1221	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1222	in src.conf(5).
1223
122420151130:
1225	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1226	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1227	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1228
122920151108:
1230	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1231	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1232	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1233
1234	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1235	collation results will be different.
1236
1237	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1238	locales before running make installworld.
1239
1240	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1241
124220151030:
1243	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1244	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1245
124620151020:
1247	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1248	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1249	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1250
125120151017:
1252	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1253	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1254	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1255	and 'make -N' will not.
1256
125720151012:
1258	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1259	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1260	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1261	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1262	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1263	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1264	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1265	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1266
126720151011:
1268	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1269	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1270	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1271	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1272
127320151006:
1274	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1275	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1276	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1277
127820150924:
1279	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1280	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1281	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1282	userland debug files.
1283
1284	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1285	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1286	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1287
1288	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1289	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1290
129120150827:
1292	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1293	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1294	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1295	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1296	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1297	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1298
129920150827:
1300	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1301	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1302	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1303
130420150817:
1305	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1306	them, the kernel must have
1307
1308	device	random
1309	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1310
1311	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1312	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1313	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1314	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1315
1316	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1317	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1318
131920150813:
1320	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1321	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1322	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1323
132420150810:
1325	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1326	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1327	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1328	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1329
1330	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1331	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1332	difference with this change.
1333
1334	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1335	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1336	remove that workaround.
1337
133820150809:
1339	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1340	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1341	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1342	with:
1343
1344	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1345
134620150806:
1347	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1348	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1349	loader.rc.local instead.
1350
135120150805:
1352	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1353	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1354	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1355
135620150728:
1357	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1358	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1359	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1360
1361	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1362	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1363
136420150706:
1365	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1366	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1367	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1368	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1369	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1370	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1371	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1372	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1373	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1374	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1375	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1376	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1377
137820150630:
1379	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1380	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1381
1382	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1383	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1384	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1385
1386	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1387	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1388
1389	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1390	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1391	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1392
1393	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1394	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1395	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1396	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1397
1398	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1399	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1400	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1401	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1402
1403	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1404	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1405	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1406	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1407	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1408	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1409	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1410	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1411	will never happen.
1412
141320150623:
1414	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1415	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1416
141720150616:
1418	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1419	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1420
142120150615:
1422	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1423	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1424	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1425	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1426	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1427
142820150614:
1429	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1430	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1431	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1432	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1433
143420150614:
1435	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1436	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1437	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1438	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1439	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1440	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1441	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1442
1443	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1444	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1445	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1446	   replace it with '2'.
1447	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1448	   a file path, create a new file with:
1449		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1450	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1451		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1452	5. Restart sendmail:
1453		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1454
1455	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1456	updated.
1457
145820150604:
1459	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1460	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1461	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1462	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1463	5.x.
1464
1465	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1466
146720150525:
1468	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1469	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1470	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1471
147220150521:
1473	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1474	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1475	and Pandaboard:
1476
1477	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1478	  same but content is different now
1479	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1480	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1481	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1482	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1483	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1484
148520150501:
1486	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1487	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1488	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1489
149020150423:
1491	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1492	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1493
149420150415:
1495	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1496	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1497
149820150416:
1499	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1500	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1501	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1502
150320150324:
1504	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1505	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1506	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1507	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1508
150920150315:
1510	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1511	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1512	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1513
151420150307:
1515	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1516	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1517	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1518	kernel before rebooting.
1519
152020150217:
1521	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1522	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1523	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1524	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1525	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1526	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1527
152820150210:
1529	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1530	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1531	with the new kernel.
1532
153320150131:
1534	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1535	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1536	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1537
153820150118:
1539	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1540	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1541	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1542	are not already using 3.5.0.
1543
154420150107:
1545	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1546	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1547	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1548	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1549	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1550
155120150105:
1552	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1553	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1554	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1555	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1556
155720150102:
1558	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1559	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1560
156120141231:
1562	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1563
1564	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1565	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1566	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1567	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1568	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1569	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1570	later.
1571
1572	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1573	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1574	of the box.
1575
1576	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1577	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1578	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1579	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1580
1581	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1582	the instructions for 9.x above.
1583
1584	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1585	default, and do not build clang.
1586
1587	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1588	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1589	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1590
1591	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1592	the following are most likely to appear:
1593
1594	-Wabsolute-value
1595
1596	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1597	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1598	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1599	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1600	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1601	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1602	  cast, or disable the warning.
1603
1604	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1605	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1606	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1607	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1608	  side-effects.
1609
1610	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1611	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1612
1613	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1614	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1615	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1616	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1617
1618	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1619	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1620	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1621	unreachable could be optimized away.
1622
162320141222:
1624	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1625	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1626	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1627	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1628	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1629	the utilities will report errors.
1630
163120141121:
1632	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1633	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1634	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1635	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1636	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1637	LOCAL_DIRS.
1638
163920141109:
1640	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1641	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1642
164320141104:
1644	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1645	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1646	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1647	drivers.
1648
1649	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1650	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1651	indicate what you need to do.
1652
1653	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1654	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1655	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1656
1657	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1658	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1659	  kern.vty=sc
1660
166120141102:
1662	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1663	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1664	execute it.
1665
166620141009:
1667	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1668	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1669	devel/gperf port.
1670
167120140923:
1672	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1673	contrib/pjdfstest .
1674
167520140922:
1676	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1677	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1678	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1679	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1680	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1681	their next update cycle.
1682
168320140729:
1684	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1685	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1686	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1687	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1688	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1689
169020140723:
1691	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1692	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1693
169420140719:
1695	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1696	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1697	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1698	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1699	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1700	new configuration.
1701
170220140709:
1703	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1704	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1705	them again.
1706	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1707
170820140708:
1709	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1710	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1711	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1712	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1713	requires readline.
1714
171520140702:
1716	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1717	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1718	architecture.
1719
172020140701:
1721	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1722	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1723	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1724	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1725	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1726
172720140629:
1728	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1729	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1730	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1731
173220140619:
1733	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1734	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1735	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1736
173720140606:
1738	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1739	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1740	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1741	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1742	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1743	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1744	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1745	"make installworld".
1746
1747	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1748	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1749	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1750	is run.
1751
1752	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1753	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1754	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1755	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1756	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1757
175820140512:
1759	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1760
176120140508:
1762	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1763	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1764	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1765
176620140505:
1767	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1768	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1769	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1770	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1771	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1772	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1773	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1774	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1775	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1776	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1777	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1778	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1779
1780	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1781	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1782	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1783	as well.
1784
178520140430:
1786	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1787	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1788
178920140424:
1790	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1791	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1792	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1793	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1794	build hosts for older releases.
1795
1796	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1797	r276991, respectively.
1798
179920140418:
1800	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1801	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1802	will silently lack HESIOD.
1803
180420140405:
1805	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1806	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1807	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1808	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1809	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1810	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1811	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1812	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1813	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1814	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1815	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1816	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1817
181820140306:
1819	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1820	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1821	with command line option -W.
1822
182320140226:
1824	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1825	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1826	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1827	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1828	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1829
183020140216:
1831	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1832
183320140216:
1834	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1835	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1836
183720140212:
1838	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1839	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1840	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1841	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1842	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1843
184420140204:
1845	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1846	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1847	kernel is still highly recommended.
1848
184920140131:
1850	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1851	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1852	capability mode support in kernel.
1853
185420140128:
1855	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1856	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1857	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1858	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1859	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1860
186120140110:
1862	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1863	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1864	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1865	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1866	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1867	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1868
186920131213:
1870	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1871	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1872	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1873	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1874	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1875	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1876	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1877	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1878	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1879
188020131108:
1881	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1882	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1883	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1884	should change your settings to use the latter.
1885
188620131025:
1887	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1888	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1889	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1890	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1891	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1892
189320131014:
1894	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1895	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1896	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1897	delete-old-libs":
1898	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1899	  or
1900	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1901
190220131010:
1903	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1904	revision r256279.
1905
1906COMMON ITEMS:
1907
1908	General Notes
1909	-------------
1910	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1911	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1912	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1913	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1914	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1915	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1916	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1917
1918	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1919	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1920	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1921	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1922	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1923
1924	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1925	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1926	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1927	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1928	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1929	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1930	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1931	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1932	an exception.
1933
1934	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1935	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1936	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1937	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1938
1939	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1940	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1941	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1942	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1943	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1944	should write them with this in mind.
1945
1946	ZFS notes
1947	---------
1948	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1949	these two steps:
1950
1951	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1952	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1953
1954	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1955
1956	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1957	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1958	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1959
1960	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1961
1962	To build a kernel
1963	-----------------
1964	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1965	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1966	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1967
1968	make kernel-toolchain
1969	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1970	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1971
1972	To test a kernel once
1973	---------------------
1974	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1975	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1976	debugging information) run
1977	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1978	nextboot -k testkernel
1979
1980	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1981	-----------------------------------------------------------
1982	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1983	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1984
1985	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1986	make buildworld
1987	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1988	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1989							[1]
1990	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1991	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1992	make installworld
1993	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1994	make delete-old					[6]
1995	<reboot>
1996
1997	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1998	--------------------------------------------------
1999	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2000	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2001	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2002	# size.
2003
2004	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2005	<boot into -stable>
2006	make buildworld
2007	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2008	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2009	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2010	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2011	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2012	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2013	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2014	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2015	<reboot into current>
2016	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2017	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2018	<reboot>
2019
2020
2021	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2022	----------------------------------------------
2023	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2024	make buildworld					[9]
2025	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2026	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2027							[1]
2028	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2029	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2030	make installworld
2031	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2032	make delete-old					[6]
2033	<reboot>
2034
2035	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2036	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2037	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2038	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2039	the UPDATING entries.
2040
2041	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2042	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2043	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2044	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2045	much fewer pitfalls.
2046
2047	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2048	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2049	system on reboot.
2050
2051	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2052		fsck -p
2053		mount -u /
2054		mount -a
2055		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2056		cd src			# full path to source
2057		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2058	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2059	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2060
2061	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2062	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2063	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2064	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2065	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2066	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2067	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2068
2069	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2070	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2071	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2072	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2073	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2074	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2075
2076	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2077	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2078	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2079
2080	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2081	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2082	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2083	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2084	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2085	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2086	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2087	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2088
2089	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2090	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2091	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2092	for these as well.
2093
2094	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2095	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2096	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2097
2098	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2099	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2100	warn if it is improperly defined.
2101FORMAT:
2102
2103This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2104breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2105list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2106If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2107to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2108
2109Copyright information:
2110
2111Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.
2112
2113Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2114modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2115document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2116
2117THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2118IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2119WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2120DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2121INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2122(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2123SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2124HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2125STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2126IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2127POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2128
2129Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2130this document.
2131
2132$FreeBSD$
2133