xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision dd21556857e8d40f66bf5ad54754d9d52669ebf7)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020240106:
31	A new SOC_ROCKCHIP options appeared, so if you have a custom kernel configuration
32	targetting Rockchip SoC you need to add it so shared and mandatory drivers for
33	this SoC familly will be selected.
34	Also a new rk8xx device was added, this select the base driver for Rockchip PMIC.
35
3620241216:
37	The iwm(4) firmwares are no longer compiled as kernel modules but instead
38	shipped as raw files. For pkgbase users if you use iwm(4) you will need
39	to install the FreeBSD-firmware-iwm package.
40
4120241124:
42	The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC
43	option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version
44	imported more than 4 years ago have been removed.
45
4620241025:
47	The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from
48	rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are
49	advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts
50	do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across
51	all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown.
52
5320241013:
54	The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that
55	caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached
56	to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing
57	and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions.
58
5920240729:
60	The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean
61	is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel.  The
62	WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous
63	behaviour.
64
65	If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the
66	freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be
67	added, if necessary.
68
6920240715:
70	We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional
71	devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring
72	instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc
73	have been removed.  Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like:
74		uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15.
75	to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa
76	in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards
77	are known to be affected, but there may be others.
78
7920240712:
80	Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed.
81
8220240617:
83	ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error.
84	Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the
85	ifconfig command line and in rc.conf.
86
8720240428:
88	OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
89	package FreeBSD-audit.  If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
90	should install FreeBSD-audit.
91
9220240424:
93	cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
94	own packages.  If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
95	packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
96
9720240406:
98	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
99	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
100	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
101	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
102	errors in C++ programs.
103
10420240205:
105	For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
106	libsys rather than libc.  No change in linkage is required as
107	libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc.  People building custom
108	images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
109
11020240202:
111	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
112	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
113	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
114	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
115
116	The following sequencing is applied:
117
118	1. Bootstrap:
119	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
120
121	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
122	    /boot/device.hints
123	    /boot/loader.conf
124
125	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
126	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
127
128	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
129	    /boot/loader.conf.local
130
13120240201:
132	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
133	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
134	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
135	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
136	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
137
13820240111:
139	Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
140	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
141	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
142	bumped to 1500010.
143
14420231120:
145	If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
146	loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point.  Detection of ACPI
147	was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
148	binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
149	undisable ACPI by doing
150		OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
151	This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
152	small window where amd64 was also broken.
153
15420231113:
155	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
156	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
157
15820231027:
159	Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
160	"ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
161
16220231018:
163	Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
164	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  Both must be rebuilt from sources.
165
16620231010:
167	dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
168	time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
169	box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
170	dialog(1).
171
172	If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
173	from ports:
174
175	pkg install cdialog
176
17720230927:
178	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
179	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
180	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
181
18220230922:
183	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
184	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
185	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
186
18720230914:
188	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
189	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
190
19120230911:
192	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
193	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
194	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
195	for these file moves:
196
197		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
198		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
199		pkg upgrade -y
200
20120230909:
202	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
203	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
204	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
205	corresponding kernel environment variables.
206
20720230901:
208	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
209	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
210
21120230824:
212	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
213
21420230817:
215	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
216	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
217	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
218	configuration.
219
220	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
221	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
222	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
223	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
224	with the serial port at 115200.
225
22620230807:
227	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
228	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
229	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
230	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
231	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
232
23320230803:
234	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
235	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
236
23720230724:
238	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
239	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
240	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
241	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
242	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
243
24420230713:
245	stable/14 branch created.
246
24720230629:
248	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
249	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
250	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
251	file a PR and assign it to imp.
252
25320230623:
254	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
255	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
256	after upgrading.
257
25820230619:
259	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
260	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
261	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
262	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
263
264		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
265		service pf restart
266
267	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
268	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
269
27020230613:
271	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
272	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
273	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
274	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
275	already properly quoted or escaped.
276
27720230612:
278	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
279	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
280	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
281	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
282	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
283	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
284	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
285	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
286
287	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
288	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
289
29020230422:
291	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
292	using git instead.
293
29420230420:
295	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
296	eg.
297		make buildworld-jobs
298	runs
299		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
300
301	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
302
30320230316:
304	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
305	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
306	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
307	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
308	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
309	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
310	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
311	exist anymore.
312
31320230221:
314	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
315	for details.
316
31720230206:
318	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
319	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
320	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
321
32220230204:
323	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
324	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
325
32620230130:
327	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
328	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
329	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
330
33120230126:
332	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
333	system are now built unconditionally.
334
33520230113:
336	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
337	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
338
33920221212:
340	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
341	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
342
343	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
344	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
345	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
346
34720221205:
348	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
349	to reenable sendmail(8):
350
351	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
352
353	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
354
35520221204:
356	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
357	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
358	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
359	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
360	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
361	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
362
363	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
364
36520221122:
366	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
367	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
368	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
369
37020221121:
371	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
372	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
373
37420221026:
375	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
376	for pkgbase users to do:
377
378	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
379	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
380
381	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
382	installed.
383
38420221002:
385	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
386	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
387	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
388	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
389
39020220610:
391	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
392	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
393
39420211230:
395	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
396	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
397	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
398	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
399	reflect this change.
400
40120211214:
402	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
403	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
404
40520211209:
406	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
407	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
408	the coming days and weeks.
409
410	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
411	or touch
412		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
413		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
414		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
415		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
416	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
417
41820211202:
419	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
420	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
421	statement in unbound.conf:
422		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
423
424	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
425
426	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
427	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
428	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
429	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
430	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
431	such names when roaming to different homenets.
432
43320211110:
434	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
435	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
436	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
437	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
438	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
439	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
440	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
441	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
442	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
443	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
444	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
445
44620211118:
447	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
448	tree shortly.
449
45020211106:
451	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
452	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
453	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
454	may need to be modified.
455
45620211022:
457	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
458	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
459	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
460
46120211020:
462	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
463	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
464
465	# chsh -s csh
466
46720211004:
468	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
469	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
470	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
471	this change.
472
47320210923:
474	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
475	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
476	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
477	list of modules to load on their systems.
478
47920210922:
480	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
481	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
482	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
483	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
484
48520210911:
486	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
487	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
488	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
489	being loaded.
490
49120210817:
492	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
493	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
494	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
495	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
496	application-specific configuration option for applications
497	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
498
49920210811:
500	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
501	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
502
50320210730:
504	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
505	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
506	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
507	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
508
50920210729:
510	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
511	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
512	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
513
51420210716:
515	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
516	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
517	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
518
51920210715:
520	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
521	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
522	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
523	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
524	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
525	to update your sources past the above hash and do
526		% cd usr.bin/awk
527		% make clean all
528		% sudo -E make install
529	to enable building kernels again.
530
53120210708:
532	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
533	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
534	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
535
53620210707:
537	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
538	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
539
54020210624:
541	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
542	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
543	for NFSv4 mounts.
544	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
545
54620210618:
547	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
548	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
549	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
550	additions and others.
551
55220210618:
553	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
554	renamed to "untrusted".
555
55620210611:
557	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
558	please install the svn package or port.
559
56020210611:
561	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
562	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
563	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
564
56520210610:
566	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
567
56820210608:
569	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
570	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
571https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
572	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
573	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
574	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
575	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
576
57720210525:
578	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
579	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
580	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
581	detect this.
582
58320210513:
584	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
585	libraries and utilities are packaged.
586	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
587	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
588	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
589	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
590	on the system.
591
59220210426:
593	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
594	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
595	need to be rebuilt from sources.
596	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
597	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
598	is not recommended.
599
60020210411:
601	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
602	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
603	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
604	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
605	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
606	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
607
60820210330:
609	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
610	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
611	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
612	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
613
61420210225:
615	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
616	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
617	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
618
61920210128:
620	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
621	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
622	update.
623
62420210121:
625	stable/13 branch created.
626
62720210108:
628	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
629	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
630	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
631	since it was bumped so recently.
632
63320210107:
634	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
635	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
636	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
637	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
638
63920210105:
640	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
641	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
642	requires a clean build.
643
64420201223:
645	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
646	instructions can be found at
647	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
648	and other documents in that repo.
649
65020201216:
651	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
652	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
653	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
654	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
655
65620201215:
657	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
658	may be installed from ports or packages.
659
66020201124:
661	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
662	See ping(8) for details.
663
66420201108:
665	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
666	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
667	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
668
66920201030:
670	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
671	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
672	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
673	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
674	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
675
67620201026:
677	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
678	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
679	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
680	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
681	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
682	find.
683
68420200923:
685	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
686	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
687	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
688	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
689
690	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
691	command you want to un-auger the tree is
692		cd sys/amd64/conf
693		svn revert -R .
694	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
695	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
696
69720200824:
698	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
699	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
700	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
701	unless you  want to use new features.
702
703	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
704	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
705	rebuilding world may fail.
706
707	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
708	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
709
710	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
711	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
712	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
713	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
714
71520200824:
716	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
717	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
718	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
719	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
720
72120200821:
722	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
723	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
724	sources.
725
72620200817:
727	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
728	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
729
73020200816:
731	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
732	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
733	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
734	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
735
73620200810:
737	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
738	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
739	from sources, so a version bump was done.
740
74120200807:
742	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
743	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
744	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
745	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
746
74720200729:
748	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
749	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
750	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
751	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
752	continue to function.
753
754	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
755	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
756	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
757	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
758
75920200627:
760	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
761	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
762	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
763	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
764	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
765	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
766	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
767
76820200625:
769	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
770	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
771
77220200613:
773	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
774	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
775	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
776
77720200604:
778	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
779	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
780	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
781	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
782
783	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
784	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
785	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
786	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
787	/root/.shrc.
788
78920200523:
790	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
791	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
792	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
793	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
794
79520200512:
796	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
797	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
798
79920200424:
800	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
801	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
802	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
803	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
804	be functional without closefrom(2).
805
80620200414:
807	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
808	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
809	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
810	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
811	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
812	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
813
81420200310:
815	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
816	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
817	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
818	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
819
82020200309:
821	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
822	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
823	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
824
82520200301:
826	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
827
82820200229:
829	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
830	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
831	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
832
83320200229:
834	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
835	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
836
83720200229:
838	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
839	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
840	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
841	ports or packages.
842
84320200220:
844	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
845	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
846	ncurses.
847
84820200217:
849	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
850	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
851	together with their new kernel.
852
85320200212:
854	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
855	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
856	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
857
858	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
859	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
860
86120200108:
862	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
863	linker for riscv64.
864
86520200107:
866	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
867	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
868	external toolchain package.
869
87020200104:
871	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
872	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
873	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
874	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
875	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
876
87720200102:
878	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
879	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
880	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
881	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
882
88320191226:
884	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
885	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
886	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
887	ABI.
888
88920191226:
890	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
891
89220191222:
893	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
894	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
895	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
896	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
897
89820191212:
899	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
900	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
901	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
902
90320191205:
904	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
905	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
906	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
907	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
908	differences between those included in the port and those included in
909	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
910	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
911	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
912
91320191120:
914	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
915	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
916	for automounting.
917
91820191107:
919	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
920	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
921	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
922	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
923	add superio to the set.
924
92520191021:
926	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
927	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
928
92920191021:
930	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
931	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
932	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
933	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
934	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
935	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
936	completely in the future.
937
93820191009:
939	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
940	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
941	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
942	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
943	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
944	will be removed from the list.
945
94620191009:
947	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
948	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
949	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
950	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
951
95220191003:
953	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
954	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
955	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
956	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
957
95820190913:
959	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
960	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
961	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
962	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
963
96420190823:
965	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
966	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
967	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
968
96920190727:
970	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
971	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
972	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
973	your scripts, because they had no effect.
974
975	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
976	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
977	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
978	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
979	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
980
98120190713:
982	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
983	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
984	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
985	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
986	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
987	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
988	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
989
99020190620:
991	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
992	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
993	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
994	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
995
99620190612:
997	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
998	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
999	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1000	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1001
100220190608:
1003	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
1004	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
1005	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
1006
100720190513:
1008	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
1009	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
1010	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
1011	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
1012	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
1013	avoid running into the limit.
1014
101520190507:
1016	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
1017	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
1018
101920190507:
1020	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
1021	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
1022	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
1023	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
1024	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
1025	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
1026
102720190418:
1028	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
1029	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
1030	entropy:
1031
1032	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
1033	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
1034	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
1035	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
1036	availability properties.
1037
1038	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1039	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
1040	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
1041	initial condition, if desired.
1042
1043	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1044	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
1045
1046	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
1047	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
1048	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
1049	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
1050
105120190416:
1052	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
1053	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
1054	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
1055	therefore unblocked).
1056
105720190404:
1058	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
1059	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
1060	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
1061	is added to the command line.
1062	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
1063	not affected and should continue to work.
1064
106520190320:
1066	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1067	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1068	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1069	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1070
107120190304:
1072	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1073	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1074	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1075	or higher.
1076
107720190226:
1078	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
1079	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1080	kernel config.
1081
108220190219:
1083	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1084	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1085	migrating to the drm ports.
1086
108720190131:
1088	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
1089	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1090	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
1091	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1092	is loaded automatically.
1093
109420190125:
1095	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1096	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1097	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1098	kernel config files.
1099
110020181230:
1101	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1102	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1103	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1104	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1105
110620181220:
1107	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1108	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
1109	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1110	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1111	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1112	most NFSv4 mounts.
1113
111420181219:
1115	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1116	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1117	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1118
1119	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1120	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1121
1122	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1123	removed from the mips port.
1124
112520181211:
1126	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1127	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1128	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1129	or higher.
1130
113120181211:
1132	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1133	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1134
113520181126:
1136	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1137	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1138	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1139	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1140
114120181123:
1142	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1143	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1144	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1145
114620181115:
1147	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1148	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1149	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1150	FreeBSD versions.
1151
115220181110:
1153	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1154	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1155	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1156
1157	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1158	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1159	being included using the command:
1160		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1161
116220181019:
1163	Stable/12 was branched created.
1164
116520181015:
1166	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1167	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1168	drm-legacy-kmod.
1169
1170	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1171	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1172	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1173	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1174	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1175	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1176	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1177	that as you will get better support.
1178
1179	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1180	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1181	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1182	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1183
1184	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1185	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1186	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1187	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1188	shortly.
1189
119020181012:
1191	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1192	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1193	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1194	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1195	be adjusted as necessary.
1196
119720181009:
1198	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1199	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1200	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1201	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1202
120320181006:
1204	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1205	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1206	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1207	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1208	encouraged.
1209
121020181002:
1211	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1212	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1213	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1214	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1215	nda device name.
1216
121720180913:
1218	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1219	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1220	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1221	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1222	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1223	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1224
122520180826:
1226	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1227	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1228	default since FreeBSD-11.
1229
123020180822:
1231	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1232	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1233	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1234
123520180818:
1236	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1237	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1238	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1239	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1240	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1241	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1242	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1243
1244	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1245	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1246
124720180815:
1248	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1249	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1250	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1251	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1252	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1253	may not be observed in a future release.
1254
125520180808:
1256	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1257	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1258	your environment.
1259
126020180731:
1261	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1262	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1263	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1264	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1265
126620180730:
1267	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1268	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1269	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1270	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1271	runtime services.
1272
127320180727:
1274	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1275	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1276	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1277
127820180723:
1279	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1280	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1281	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1282	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1283	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1284
128520180720:
1286	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1287	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1288	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1289	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1290	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1291	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1292
129320180719:
1294	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1295	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1296	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1297	boot_serial=YES
1298	boot_multicons=YES
1299	in /boot/loader.conf
1300	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1301	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1302	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1303
130420180719:
1305	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1306	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1307	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1308	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1309	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1310	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1311	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1312	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1313	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1314	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1315	by the ntpd user.
1316
131720180717:
1318	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1319
132020180711:
1321	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1322	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1323	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1324	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1325	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1326
132720180705:
1328	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1329	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1330	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1331	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1332	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1333	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1334
133520180702:
1336	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1337	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1338
133920180701:
1340	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1341	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1342	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1343	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1344	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1345	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1346	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1347
134820180630:
1349	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1350	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1351	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1352	or higher.
1353
135420180628:
1355	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1356	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1357	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1358	file.
1359
136020180612:
1361	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1362	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1363
136420180530:
1365	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1366	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1367	longer necessary.
1368
136920180530:
1370	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1371	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1372	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1373	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1374
137520180523:
1376	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1377	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1378	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1379	later than r334108.
1380
138120180517:
1382	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1383	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1384	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1385	it must be removed.
1386
138720180510:
1388	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1389	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1390	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1391	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1392	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1393	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1394	will go away.
1395
1396	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1397	workaround is necessary.
1398
139920180508:
1400	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1401	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1402	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1403	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1404
140520180504:
1406	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1407	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1408	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1409	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1410	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1411
141220180502:
1413	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1414	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1415	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1416	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1417
141820180501:
1419	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1420	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1421	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1422	be removed.
1423
142420180413:
1425	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1426	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1427	removed.
1428
142920180411:
1430	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1431	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1432	removed.
1433
143420180406:
1435	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1436	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1437	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1438	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1439	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1440
1441	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1442	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1443	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1444	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1445	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1446	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1447	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1448
1449	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1450	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1451
1452		source src {
1453			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1454		}
1455
1456	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1457	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1458	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1459
1460		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1461
1462	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1463	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1464	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1465	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1466	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1467	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1468	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1469
1470	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1471	change.
1472
147320180328:
1474	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1475	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1476	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1477
147820180323:
1479	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1480	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1481	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1482	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1483	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1484	should be as simple as:
1485
1486		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1487		$ make depend all install
1488
148920180212:
1490	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1491	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1492	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1493	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1494	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1495	provisions for backup boot methods.
1496
149720180211:
1498	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1499	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1500	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1501	imp@freebsd.org.
1502
150320180114:
1504	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1505	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1506	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1507	or higher.
1508
150920180110:
1510	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1511	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1512	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1513
1514	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1515	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1516
151720180110:
1518	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1519	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1520	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1521	remove it from kernel config files.
1522
152320180104:
1524	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1525	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1526	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1527
1528	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1529	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1530
153120180102:
1532	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1533	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1534	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1535	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1536
153720171215:
1538	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1539	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1540
154120171214:
1542	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1543	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1544	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1545	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1546
154720171125:
1548	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1549	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1550	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1551	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1552	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1553	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1554
155520171110:
1556	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1557	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1558	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1559
156020171106:
1561	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1562	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1563	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1564	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1565	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1566
156720171102:
1568	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1569	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1570	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1571	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1572	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1573	environment.
1574
157520171101:
1576	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1577	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1578	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1579	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1580	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1581	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1582	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1583	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1584	than hardcoding paths.
1585
158620171028:
1587	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1588	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1589	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1590
159120171021:
1592	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1593	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1594	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1595	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1596
159720171010:
1598	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1599	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1600
160120171005:
1602	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1603	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1604	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1605	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1606
160720171003:
1608	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1609	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1610	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1611	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1612	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1613
161420170912:
1615	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1616	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1617	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1618	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1619	/etc/ctl.conf .
1620
162120170912:
1622	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1623	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1624	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1625	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1626	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1627
162820170826:
1629	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1630	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1631
163220170825:
1633	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1634	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1635	to complete.
1636
163720170814:
1638	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1639	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1640	${TESTSDIR}.
1641
1642	Behavioral changes:
1643	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1644	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1645	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1646	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1647
1648	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1649	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1650	sandbox if successful.
1651
1652	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1653	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1654	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1655	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1656	an unprivileged user.
1657
165820170808:
1659	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1660	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1661	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1662	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1663	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1664	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1665	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1666	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1667	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1668	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1669	to which you should answer yes.
1670
167120170728:
1672	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1673	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1674	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1675	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1676	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1677
167820170722:
1679	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1680	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1681	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1682
168320170701:
1684	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1685	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1686
168720170625:
1688	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1689	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1690	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1691	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1692	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1693	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1694	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1695
169620170623:
1697	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1698	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1699	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1700	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1701	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1702	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1703
170420170620:
1705	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1706	if you require the GPL compiler.
1707
170820170619:
1709	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1710	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1711	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1712	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1713	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1714	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1715
171620170618:
1717	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1718	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1719	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1720
172120170617:
1722	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1723	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1724	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1725	followed.
1726
172720170531:
1728	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1729	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1730	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1731	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1732	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1733	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1734
173520170524:
1736	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1737	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1738	which only require one chipset support.
1739
1740	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1741
1742	if_ath_load="YES"
1743
1744	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1745	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1746	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1747
1748	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1749	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1750
1751	* load ath_hal
1752	* load the chip modules in question
1753	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1754	* load ath_main
1755	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1756	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1757
1758	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1759
176020170523:
1761	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1762	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1763	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1764
1765	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1766	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1767	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1768
1769	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1770	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1771	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1772	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1773	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1774	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1775	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1776	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1777
177820170424:
1779	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1780	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1781	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1782
178320170420:
1784	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1785	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1786	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1787
178820170413:
1789	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1790	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1791	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1792	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1793	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1794	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1795	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1796
179720170407:
1798	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1799	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1800	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1801	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1802
180320170405:
1804	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1805	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1806	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1807
180820170331:
1809	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1810	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1811	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1812
181320170329:
1814	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1815	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1816
1817	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1818	via one of the following methods:
1819	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1820	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1821	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1822	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1823
1824	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1825
182620170316:
1827	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1828	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1829	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1830	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1831	with mmc.ko).
1832
183320170315:
1834	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1835	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1836	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1837	be prefixed with colon.
1838
183920170311:
1840	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1841	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1842	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1843
184420170302:
1845	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1846	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1847	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1848
184920170221:
1850	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1851	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1852	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1853	change.
1854
185520170216:
1856	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1857	valid.
1858
185920170215:
1860	MCA bus support has been removed.
1861
186220170127:
1863	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1864	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1865
186620170112:
1867	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1868	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1869
187020170109:
1871	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1872	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1873	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1874	configuration.
1875
187620161217:
1877	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1878	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1879	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1880
188120161124:
1882	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1883	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1884	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1885
188620161119:
1887	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1888	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1889	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1890
189120161030:
1892	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1893	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1894	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1895	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1896
189720161017:
1898	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1899	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1900	parts.
1901	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1902	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1903
190420161015:
1905	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1906	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1907	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1908	removed from base.
1909
191020161008:
1911	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1912	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1913	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1914
191520161003:
1916	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1917	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1918
191920160924:
1920	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1921	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1922	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1923	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1924
192520160918:
1926	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1927	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1928	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1929	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1930	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1931
193220160918:
1933	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1934
193520160908:
1936	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1937	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1938	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1939	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1940
194120160824:
1942	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1943	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1944	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1945	to 1200005.
1946
194720160818:
1948	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1949	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1950	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1951	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1952	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1953	0.
1954
195520160818:
1956	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1957	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1958
195920160708:
1960	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1961
1962After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1963from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1964entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1965UPDATING file.
1966
1967COMMON ITEMS:
1968
1969	General Notes
1970	-------------
1971	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1972	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1973	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1974	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1975	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1976	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1977	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1978	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1979
1980	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1981	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1982	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1983	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1984	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1985	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1986	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1987	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1988	an exception.
1989
1990	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1991	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1992	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1993	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1994	step.
1995
1996	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1997	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1998	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1999	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2000
2001	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2002	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2003	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2004	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2005	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2006	should write them with this in mind.
2007
2008	ZFS notes
2009	---------
2010	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
2011	always follow these three steps:
2012
2013	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2014	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2015
2016	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
2017	doing a zpool upgrade):
2018
2019	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
2020	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2021		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
2022	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
2023
2024	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
2025	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
2026	zpool upgrade.
2027
2028	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2029
2030	EFI notes
2031	---------
2032
2033	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
2034	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
2035	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
2036	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
2037	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
2038	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
2039	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
2040	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
2041
2042	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
2043	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
2044	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
2045	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
2046
2047	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
2048	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
2049	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
2050	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
2051
2052	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
2053
2054	To build a kernel
2055	-----------------
2056	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2057	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2058	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2059
2060	make kernel-toolchain
2061	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2062	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2063
2064	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
2065
2066	To test a kernel once
2067	---------------------
2068	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2069	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2070	debugging information) run
2071	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2072	nextboot -k testkernel
2073
2074	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2075	-----------------------------------------------------------
2076	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2077	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2078
2079	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2080	make buildworld
2081	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2082	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2083	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2084	etcupdate -p					[5]
2085	make installworld
2086	etcupdate -B					[4]
2087	make delete-old					[6]
2088	<reboot>
2089
2090	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2091	--------------------------------------------------
2092	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2093	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2094	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2095	# size.
2096
2097	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2098	<boot into -stable>
2099	make buildworld
2100	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2101	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2102	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2103	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2104	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2105	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2106	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2107	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2108	<reboot into current>
2109	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2110	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2111	<reboot>
2112
2113
2114	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2115	----------------------------------------------
2116	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2117	make buildworld					[9]
2118	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2119	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2120	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2121	etcupdate -p					[5]
2122	make installworld
2123	etcupdate -B					[4]
2124	make delete-old					[6]
2125	<reboot>
2126
2127	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2128	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2129	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2130	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2131	the UPDATING entries.
2132
2133	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2134	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2135	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2136	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2137	much fewer pitfalls.
2138
2139FOOTNOTES:
2140
2141	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2142	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2143	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2144	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2145	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2146	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2147	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2148	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2149	and effective, eg:
2150	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2151
2152	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2153		fsck -p
2154		mount -u /
2155		mount -a
2156		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2157		cd src			# full path to source
2158		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2159	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2160	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2161
2162	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2163	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2164	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2165	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2166	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2167	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2168
2169	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2170	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2171	step.
2172
2173	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2174	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2175	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2176
2177	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2178	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2179	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2180	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2181	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2182	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2183	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2184	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2185
2186	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2187	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2188	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2189	for these as well.
2190
2191	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2192	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2193	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2194
2195	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2196	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2197	warn if it is improperly defined.
2198FORMAT:
2199
2200This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2201breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2202list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2203If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2204to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2205
2206Copyright information:
2207
2208Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2209
2210Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
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2214THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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2221HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
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2223IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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2226Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2227this document.
2228