xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision dd00a8cd290a4189c3e0cf4aad5100e6b4ec66f7)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/updating-src.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
34
35****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
36
37	Due to a bug in some versions of clang that's very hard to workaround in
38	the upgrade process, to upgrade to -current you must first upgrade
39	either stable/9 after r286035 or stable/10 after r286033 (including
40	10.3-RELEASE) or current after r286007 (including stable/11 and
41	11.0-RELEASE). These revisions post-date the 10.2 and 9.3 releases, so
42	you'll need to take the unusual step of upgrading to the tip of the
43	stable branch before moving to 11 or -current via a source upgrade.
44	stable/11 and 11.0-RELEASE have working newer compiler. This differs
45	from the historical situation where one could upgrade from anywhere on
46	the last couple of stable branches, so be careful.
47
48	If you're running a hybrid system on 9.x or 10.x with an updated clang
49	compiler or are using an supported external toolchain, the build system
50	will allow the upgrade. Otherwise it will print a reminder.
51
52****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
53
5420171010:
55	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
56	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
57
5820171005:
59	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
60	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
61	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
62	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
63
6420171003:
65	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
66	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
67	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
68	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
69	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
70
7120170912:
72	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
73	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
74	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
75	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
76	/etc/ctl.conf .
77
7820170912:
79	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
80	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
81	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
82	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
83	soft-float everything else should be affected.
84
8520170826:
86	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
87	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
88
8920170825:
90	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
91	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
92	to complete.
93
9420170814:
95	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
96	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
97	${TESTSDIR}.
98
99	Behavioral changes:
100	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
101	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
102	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
103	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
104
105	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
106	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
107	sandbox if successful.
108
109	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
110	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
111	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
112	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
113	an unprivileged user.
114
11520170808:
116	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
117	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
118	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
119	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
120	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
121	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
122	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
123	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
124	forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
125	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
126	to which you should answer yes.
127
12820170728:
129	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
130	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
131	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
132	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
133	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
134
13520170722:
136	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
137	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
138	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
139
14020170701:
141	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
142	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
143
14420170625:
145	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
146	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
147	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
148	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
149	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
150	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
151	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
152
15320170623:
154	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
155	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
156	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
157	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
158	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
159	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
160
16120170620:
162	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
163	if you require the GPL compiler.
164
16520170618:
166	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
167	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
168	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
169
17020170617:
171	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
172	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
173	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
174	followed.
175
17620170531:
177	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
178	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
179	from ports (and recommends to install it).
180	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
181	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
182	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
183
18420170524:
185	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
186	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
187	which only require one chipset support.
188
189	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
190
191	if_ath_load="YES"
192
193	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
194	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
195	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
196
197	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
198	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
199
200	* load ath_hal
201	* load the chip modules in question
202	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
203	* load ath_main
204	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
205	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
206
207	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
208
20920170523:
210	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
211	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
212	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
213
214	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
215	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
216	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
217
218	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
219	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".   Then, carefully follow the
220	full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
221	everything and install it on the current system."  Specifically,
222	a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
223	installing world.
224
22520170424:
226	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
227	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
228	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
229
23020170420:
231	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
232	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
233	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
234
23520170413:
236	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
237	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
238	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
239	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
240	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
241	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
242	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
243
24420170407:
245	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
246	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
247	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
248	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
249
25020170405:
251	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
252	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
253	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
254
25520170331:
256	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
257	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
258	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
259
26020170329:
261	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
262	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
263
264	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
265	via one of the following methods:
266	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
267	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
268	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
269	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
270
271	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
272
27320170316:
274	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
275	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
276	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
277	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
278	with mmc.ko).
279
28020170315:
281	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
282	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
283	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
284	be prefixed with colon.
285
28620170311:
287	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
288	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
289	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
290
29120170302:
292	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
293	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
294	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
295
29620170221:
297	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
298	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
299	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
300	change.
301
30220170216:
303	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
304	valid.
305
30620170215:
307	MCA bus support has been removed.
308
30920170127:
310	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
311	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
312
31320170112:
314	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
315	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
316
31720170109:
318	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
319	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
320	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
321
32220161217:
323	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
324	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
325	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
326
32720161124:
328	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
329	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
330	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
331
33220161119:
333	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
334	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
335	that link against it need to be recompiled.
336
33720161030:
338	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
339	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
340	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
341	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
342
34320161017:
344	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
345	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
346	parts.
347	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
348	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
349
35020161015:
351	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
352	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
353	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
354	removed from base.
355
35620161008:
357	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
358	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
359	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
360
36120161003:
362	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
363	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
364
36520160924:
366	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
367	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
368	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
369	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
370
37120160918:
372	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
373	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
374	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
375	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
376	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
377
37820160918:
379	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
380
38120160908:
382	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
383	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
384	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
385	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
386
38720160824:
388	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
389	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
390	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
391	to 1200005.
392
39320160818:
394	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
395	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
396	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
397	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
398	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
399	0.
400
40120160818:
402	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
403	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
404
40520160622:
406	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
407	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
408	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
409	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
410	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
411	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
412	kernel.
413
41420160527:
415	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
416	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
417	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
418	previously contained a line like
419	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
420	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
421	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
422	generally be fine.
423
42420160523:
425	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
426	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
427	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
428	built with the old headers.
429
43020160520:
431	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
432	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
433	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
434	installing a new libc.
435
43620160517:
437	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
438	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
439	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
440	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
441	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
442	packages will be needed.
443
444	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
445	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
446	and the install steps.
447
44820160510:
449	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
450	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
451	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
452	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
453	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
454	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
455
45620160414:
457	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
458	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
459	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
460	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
461	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
462
463		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
464		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
465		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
466		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
467		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
468
469	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
470	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
471	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
472	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
473	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
474	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
475	vendors work.
476
477	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
478	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
479		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
480	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
481	quirks entry to 0x3.
482
48320160330:
484	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
485	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
486	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
487
48820160317:
489	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
490	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
491
49220160311:
493	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
494	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
495	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
496	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
497	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
498	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
499	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
500	stale .depend files.
501
50220160306:
503	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
504	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
505	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
506	rebooting, e.g.:
507
508	make buildworld
509	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
510	make -C sys/boot install
511	<reboot in single user>
512
513	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
514	below.
515
51620160305:
517	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
518	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
519	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
520
52120160301:
522	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
523	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
524	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
525	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
526	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
527	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
528
52920160226:
530	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
531	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
532	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
533	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
534	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
535
53620160129:
537	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
538	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
539	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
540	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
541	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
542
54320160119:
544	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
545	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
546
54720160113:
548	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
549	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
550	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
551
55220151216:
553	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
554	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
555	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
556	other loaders.
557
55820151211:
559	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
560	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
561	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
562	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
563	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
564	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
565
56620151207:
567	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
568	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
569	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
570	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
571	in src.conf(5).
572
57320151130:
574	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
575	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
576	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
577
57820151108:
579	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
580	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
581	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
582
583	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
584	collation results will be different.
585
586	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
587	locales before running make installworld.
588
589	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
590
59120151030:
592	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
593	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
594
59520151020:
596	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
597	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
598	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
599
60020151017:
601	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
602	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
603	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
604	and 'make -N' will not.
605
60620151012:
607	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
608	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
609	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
610	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
611	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
612	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
613	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
614	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
615
61620151011:
617	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
618	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
619	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
620	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
621
62220151006:
623	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
624	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
625	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
626
62720150924:
628	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
629	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
630	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
631	userland debug files.
632
633	When using the supported kernel installation method the
634	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
635	as is done with /boot/kernel.
636
637	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
638	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
639
64020150827:
641	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
642	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
643	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
644	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
645	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
646	rc.d scripts in /etc.
647
64820150827:
649	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
650	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
651	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
652
65320150817:
654	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
655	them, the kernel must have
656
657	device	random
658	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
659
660	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
661	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
662	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
663	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
664
665	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
666	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
667
66820150813:
669	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
670	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
671	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
672
67320150810:
674	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
675	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
676	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
677	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
678
679	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
680	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
681	difference with this change.
682
683	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
684	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
685	remove that workaround.
686
68720150809:
688	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
689	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
690	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
691	with:
692
693	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
694
69520150806:
696	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
697	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
698	loader.rc.local instead.
699
70020150805:
701	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
702	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
703	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
704
70520150728:
706	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
707	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
708	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
709
710	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
711	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
712
71320150706:
714	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
715	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
716	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
717	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
718	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
719	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
720	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
721	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
722	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
723	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
724	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
725	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
726
72720150630:
728	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
729	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
730
731	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
732	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
733	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
734
735	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
736	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
737
738	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
739	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
740	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
741
742	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
743	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
744	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
745	and it is assumed you know what you need.
746
747	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
748	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
749	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
750	behaviour from your security subsystems.
751
752	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
753	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
754	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
755	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
756	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
757	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
758	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
759	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
760	will never happen.
761
76220150623:
763	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
764	entry below has been been committed in revision 284717.
765
76620150616:
767	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
768	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
769
77020150615:
771	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
772	below has been been committed in revision 284436.  The work
773	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
774	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
775	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
776
77720150614:
778	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
779	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
780	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
781	with Kyuafile and kyua.
782
78320150614:
784	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
785	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
786	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
787	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
788	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
789	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
790	2048 bit DH parameter by:
791
792	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
793	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
794	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
795	   replace it with '2'.
796	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
797	   a file path, create a new file with:
798		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
799	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
800		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
801	5. Restart sendmail:
802		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
803
804	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
805	updated.
806
80720150604:
808	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
809	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
810	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
811	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
812	5.x.
813
814	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
815
81620150525:
817	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
818	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
819	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
820
82120150521:
822	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
823	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
824	and Pandaboard:
825
826	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
827	  same but content is different now
828	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
829	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
830	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
831	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
832	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
833
83420150501:
835	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
836	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
837	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
838
83920150423:
840	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
841	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
842
84320150415:
844	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
845	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
846
84720150416:
848	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
849	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
850	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
851
85220150324:
853	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
854	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
855	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
856	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
857
85820150315:
859	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
860	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
861	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
862
86320150307:
864	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
865	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
866	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
867	kernel before rebooting.
868
86920150217:
870	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
871	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
872	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
873	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
874	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
875	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
876
87720150210:
878	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
879	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
880	with the new kernel.
881
88220150131:
883	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
884	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
885	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
886
88720150118:
888	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
889	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
890	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
891	are not already using 3.5.0.
892
89320150107:
894	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
895	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
896	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
897	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
898	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
899
90020150105:
901	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
902	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
903	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
904	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
905
90620150102:
907	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
908	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
909
91020141231:
911	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
912
913	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
914	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
915	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
916	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
917	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
918	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
919	later.
920
921	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
922	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
923	of the box.
924
925	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
926	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
927	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
928	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
929
930	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
931	the instructions for 9.x above.
932
933	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
934	default, and do not build clang.
935
936	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
937	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
938	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
939
940	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
941	the following are most likely to appear:
942
943	-Wabsolute-value
944
945	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
946	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
947	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
948	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
949	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
950	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
951	  cast, or disable the warning.
952
953	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
954	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
955	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
956	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
957	  side-effects.
958
959	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
960	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
961
962	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
963	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
964	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
965	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
966
967	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
968	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
969	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
970	unreachable could be optimized away.
971
97220141222:
973	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
974	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
975	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
976	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
977	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
978	the utilities will report errors.
979
98020141121:
981	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
982	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
983	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
984	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
985	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
986	LOCAL_DIRS.
987
98820141109:
989	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
990	has been obsolete for a very long time.
991
99220141104:
993	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
994	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
995	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
996	drivers.
997
998	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
999	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1000	indicate what you need to do.
1001
1002	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1003	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1004	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1005
1006	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1007	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1008	  kern.vty=sc
1009
101020141102:
1011	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1012	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1013	execute it.
1014
101520141009:
1016	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1017	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1018	devel/gperf port.
1019
102020140923:
1021	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1022	contrib/pjdfstest .
1023
102420140922:
1025	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1026	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1027	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1028	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1029	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1030	their next update cycle.
1031
103220140729:
1033	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1034	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1035	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1036	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1037	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1038
103920140723:
1040	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1041	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1042
104320140719:
1044	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1045	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1046	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1047	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1048	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1049	new configuration.
1050
105120140709:
1052	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1053	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1054	them again.
1055	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1056
105720140708:
1058	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1059	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1060	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1061	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1062	requires readline.
1063
106420140702:
1065	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1066	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1067	architecture.
1068
106920140701:
1070	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1071	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1072	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1073	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1074	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1075
107620140629:
1077	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1078	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1079	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1080
108120140619:
1082	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1083	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1084	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1085
108620140606:
1087	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1088	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1089	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1090	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1091	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1092	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1093	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1094	"make installworld".
1095
1096	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1097	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1098	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1099	is run.
1100
1101	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1102	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1103	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1104	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1105	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1106
110720140512:
1108	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1109
111020140508:
1111	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1112	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1113	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1114
111520140505:
1116	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1117	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1118	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1119	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1120	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1121	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1122	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1123	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1124	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1125	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1126	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1127	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1128
1129	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1130	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1131	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1132	as well.
1133
113420140430:
1135	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1136	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1137
113820140424:
1139	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1140	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1141	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1142	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1143	build hosts for older releases.
1144
1145	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1146	r276991, respectively.
1147
114820140418:
1149	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1150	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1151	will silently lack HESIOD.
1152
115320140405:
1154	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1155	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1156	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1157	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1158	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1159	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1160	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1161	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1162	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1163	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1164	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1165	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1166
116720140306:
1168	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1169	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1170	with command line option -W.
1171
117220140226:
1173	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1174	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1175	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1176	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1177	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1178
117920140216:
1180	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1181
118220140216:
1183	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1184	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1185
118620140212:
1187	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1188	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1189	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1190	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1191	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1192
119320140204:
1194	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1195	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1196	kernel is still highly recommended.
1197
119820140131:
1199	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1200	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1201	capability mode support in kernel.
1202
120320140128:
1204	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1205	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1206	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1207	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1208	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1209
121020140110:
1211	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1212	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1213	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1214	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1215	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1216	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1217
121820131213:
1219	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1220	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1221	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1222	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1223	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1224	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1225	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1226	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1227	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1228
122920131108:
1230	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1231	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1232	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1233	should change your settings to use the latter.
1234
123520131025:
1236	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1237	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1238	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1239	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1240	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1241
124220131014:
1243	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1244	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1245	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1246	delete-old-libs":
1247	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1248	  or
1249	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1250
125120131010:
1252	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1253	revision r256279.
1254
125520131010:
1256	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
1257	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
1258	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
1259	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
1260	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
1261	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
1262
1263	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
1264	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
1265	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
1266	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
1267	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
1268	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
1269
1270	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
1271	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
1272	with an integer.
1273
127420130930:
1275	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
1276	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
1277	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
1278	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
1279
1280	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
1281	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
1282	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
1283	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
1284
128520130916:
1286	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
1287	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1288	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1289
129020130911:
1291	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
1292	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
1293	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
1294	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
1295
129620130906:
1297	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
1298	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
1299	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
1300	options in src.conf.
1301
130220130905:
1303	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
1304	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
1305	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
1306	'options PROCDESC'.
1307
130820130905:
1309	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
1310	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
1311	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
1312	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
1313	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
1314	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
1315
131620130903:
1317	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
1318	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
1319	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
1320
132120130821:
1322	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
1323	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
1324	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
1325
132620130813:
1327	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
1328	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
1329	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
1330	compatibility.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
1331	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
1332	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
1333
133420130806:
1335	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
1336	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
1337	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
1338	explicitly.
1339	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
1340	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
1341	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
1342	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
1343	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
1344
134520130806:
1346	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
1347	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
1348	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
1349	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
1350	to r253970 or later.
1351
135220130802:
1353	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
1354	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
1355	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
1356	would result:
1357
1358	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
1359
1360	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
1361	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
1362	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
1363	old as well as the new version of find.
1364
136520130726:
1366	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
1367	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
1368	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
1369	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
1370	subdirectories must be reviewed.
1371
137220130716:
1373	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
1374	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
1375	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1376
1377	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
1378
1379	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
1380	users are advised to upgrade.
1381
138220130709:
1383	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
1384	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
1385
138620130709:
1387	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
1388	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
1389	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
1390
139120130618:
1392	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
1393	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
1394	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
1395	write access to that file.
1396
139720130615:
1398	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
1399	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
1400
140120130613:
1402	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
1403
1404		make: illegal option -- J
1405		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
1406			...
1407		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
1408
1409	this likely due to an old instance of make in
1410	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
1411	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
1412	you see the above error:
1413
1414		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
1415
1416	should resolve it.
1417
141820130516:
1419	Use bmake by default.
1420	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
1421	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
1422	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
1423
1424	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
1425	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
1426	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
1427	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
1428	behavior in parallel build.
1429
143020130429:
1431	Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
1432
143320130426:
1434	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
1435	the IDEA patent expired.
1436
143720130426:
1438	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
1439	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
1440	enabled by default.
1441
144220130425:
1443	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1444	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
1445	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
1446	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
1447	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
1448	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
1449	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
1450	&& make install).
1451
145220130404:
1453	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
1454	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
1455	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
1456	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
1457	and removed.
1458
145920130319:
1460	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
1461	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
1462	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
1463	binaries will not work on older kernels.
1464
146520130308:
1466	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
1467	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
1468
146920130304:
1470	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
1471	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
1472	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
1473	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
1474	is requested.
1475
1476	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
1477	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
1478	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
1479	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
1480	in /boot/loader.conf.
1481
148220130301:
1483	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
1484	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
1485	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
1486	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
1487	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
1488
148920130208:
1490	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
1491	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
1492
1493	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1494	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1495
149620130129:
1497	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
1498	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
1499	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
1500	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
1501	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
1502
150320130121:
1504	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
1505	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
1506	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
1507	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
1508	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
1509	/etc/src.conf.
1510
151120130118:
1512	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
1513	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
1514	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
1515	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
1516	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
1517	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
1518	use is expected to be extremely rare.
1519
152020121223:
1521	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
1522	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
1523	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
1524
152520121222:
1526	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
1527	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
1528	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
1529	be updated.
1530
153120121217:
1532	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
1533	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
1534	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
1535
1536		savecore_flags=""
1537
153820121201:
1539	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
1540	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1541	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1542
154320121117:
1544	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
1545	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
1546	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
1547	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1548	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
1549	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
1550
155120121105:
1552	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
1553	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
1554	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
1555	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
1556	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
1557	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
1558	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
1559	branch point).
1560
156120121102:
1562	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
1563	functionality now turned on by default.
1564
156520121023:
1566	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
1567	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
1568	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
1569	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
1570	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
1571	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
1572	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
1573	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
1574	of the two kernel options.
1575
157620121023:
1577	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
1578	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
1579	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
1580	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
1581
158220121022:
1583	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
1584	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
1585	recompiled.
1586
158720121018:
1588	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
1589	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
1590	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
1591
159220121016:
1593	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
1594	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
1595	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
1596	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
1597	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
1598
159920121015:
1600	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
1601	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
1602	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
1603	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
1604
160520121014:
1606	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
1607
160820121013:
1609	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
1610	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
1611	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
1612	knob has also gone.
1613
161420121006:
1615	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
1616	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
1617	with new kernel.
1618
161920121001:
1620	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
1621	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
1622	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
1623
162420120913:
1625	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
1626	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
1627	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
1628	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
1629	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
1630	configurations.
1631
163220120908:
1633	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
1634	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
1635
163620120828:
1637	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
1638	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
1639	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
1640	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
1641	manual page.
1642
164320120727:
1644	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
1645	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
1646	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
1647
164820120712:
1649	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
1650	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
1651	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
1652
165320120712:
1654	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
1655	with other variables:
1656	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
1657	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
1658
165920120628:
1660	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
1661	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
1662	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
1663	installed as "bsdsort".
1664
166520120611:
1666	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1667	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1668	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1669	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1670	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1671	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1672	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1673	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1674	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1675
167620120417:
1677	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1678	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
1679	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1680	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1681	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
1682	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1683	NAMESPACE section).
1684
168520120328:
1686	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
1687	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
1688	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1689	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
1690	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1691	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1692	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1693
169420120306:
1695	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1696	platforms.
1697
169820120229:
1699	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
1700	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1701	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1702	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1703	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1704	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1705
170620120211:
1707	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1708	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1709	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
1710	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1711	comes from 20111215.
1712
171320120114:
1714	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
1715	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1716	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1717	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1718
1719	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1720	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1721
172220120109:
1723	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1724	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1725	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1726	tunable/sysctl.
1727	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1728
172920111215:
1730	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1731	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1732	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1733	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1734	not supported anymore.
1735
1736	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1737	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1738	need to be recompiled.
1739
174020111122:
1741	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1742	/dev/wmistat0.
1743
174420111108:
1745	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1746	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1747	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1748	time.
1749
175020111101:
1751	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1752	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1753
175420110930:
1755	sysinstall has been removed
1756
175720110923:
1758	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1759	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1760
1761COMMON ITEMS:
1762
1763	General Notes
1764	-------------
1765	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1766	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1767	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1768	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1769	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1770	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1771	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1772
1773	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1774	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1775	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1776	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1777	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1778
1779	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1780	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1781	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1782	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1783	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1784	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgade from
1785	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1786	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1787	an exception.
1788
1789	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1790	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1791	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1792	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1793
1794	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1795	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1796	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1797	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1798	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1799	should write them with this in mind.
1800
1801	ZFS notes
1802	---------
1803	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1804	these two steps:
1805
1806	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1807	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1808
1809	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1810
1811	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1812	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1813	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1814
1815	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1816
1817	To build a kernel
1818	-----------------
1819	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1820	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1821	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1822
1823	make kernel-toolchain
1824	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1825	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1826
1827	To test a kernel once
1828	---------------------
1829	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1830	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1831	debugging information) run
1832	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1833	nextboot -k testkernel
1834
1835	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1836	--------------------------------------------------------------
1837	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
1838	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1839	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1840
1841	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1842	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1843	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1844	make depend
1845	make
1846	make install
1847
1848	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1849
1850	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1851	-----------------------------------------------------------
1852	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1853	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1854
1855	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1856	make buildworld
1857	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1858							[1]
1859	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1860	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1861	make installworld
1862	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1863	make delete-old					[6]
1864	<reboot>
1865
1866	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1867	--------------------------------------------------
1868	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1869	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1870	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1871	# size.
1872
1873	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1874	<boot into -stable>
1875	make buildworld
1876	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1877	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1878	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1879	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1880	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1881	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1882	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1883	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1884	<reboot into current>
1885	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1886	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1887	<reboot>
1888
1889
1890	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1891	----------------------------------------------
1892	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1893	make buildworld					[9]
1894	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1895							[1]
1896	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1897	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1898	make installworld
1899	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1900	make delete-old					[6]
1901	<reboot>
1902
1903	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1904	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1905	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1906	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1907	the UPDATING entries.
1908
1909	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1910	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1911	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1912	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1913	much fewer pitfalls.
1914
1915	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1916	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1917	system on reboot.
1918
1919	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1920		fsck -p
1921		mount -u /
1922		mount -a
1923		cd src
1924		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1925	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1926	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1927
1928	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1929	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1930	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1931	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1932	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1933	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1934	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1935
1936	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1937	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1938	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1939	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1940	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1941	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1942
1943	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1944	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1945	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1946
1947	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1948	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1949	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1950	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1951	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1952	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1953
1954	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1955	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1956
1957	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1958	cvs prune empty directories.
1959
1960	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1961	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1962	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1963
1964	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1965	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1966	warn if it is improperly defined.
1967FORMAT:
1968
1969This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1970breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1971list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1972If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1973to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1974
1975Copyright information:
1976
1977Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
1978
1979Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1980modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1981document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1982
1983THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1984IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1985WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1986DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1987INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1988(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1989SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1990HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1991STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1992IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1993POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1994
1995Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
1996this document.
1997
1998$FreeBSD$
1999