xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision dbaad75f2834f40bfe74ebe393d2101967052036)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020210716:
31	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
32	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
33	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
34
3520210715:
36	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
37	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
38	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
39	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
40	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
41	to update your sources past the above hash and do
42		% cd usr.bin/awk
43		% make clean all
44		% sudo -E make install
45	to enable building kernels again.
46
4720210708:
48	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
49	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
50	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
51
5220210707:
53	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
54	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
55
5620210624:
57	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
58	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
59	for NFSv4 mounts.
60	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
61
6220210618:
63	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
64	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
65	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
66	additions and others.
67
6820210618:
69	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
70	renamed to "untrusted".
71
7220210611:
73	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
74	please install the svn package or port.
75
7620210611:
77	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
78	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
79	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
80
8120210610:
82	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
83
8420210608:
85	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
86	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
87https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
88	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
89	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
90	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
91	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
92
9320210525:
94	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
95	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
96	comitted. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to detect this.
97
9820210513:
99	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
100	libraries and utilities are packaged.
101	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
102	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
103	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
104	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
105	on the system.
106
10720210426:
108	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
109	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
110	need to be rebuilt from sources.
111	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
112	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
113	is not recommended.
114
11520210411:
116	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
117	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
118	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
119	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
120	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
121	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
122
12320210330:
124	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
125	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
126	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
127	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
128
12920210225:
130	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
131	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
132	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
133
13420210128:
135	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
136	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1400003
137	update.
138
13920210108:
140	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
141	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
142	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
143	since it was bumped so recently.
144
14520210107:
146	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
147	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
148	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
149	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
150
15120210105:
152	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
153	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
154	requires a clean build.
155
15620201223:
157	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
158	instructions can be found at
159	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
160	and other documents in that repo.
161
16220201216:
163	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
164	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
165	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
166	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
167
16820201215:
169	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
170	may be installed from ports or packages.
171
17220201124:
173	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
174	See ping(8) for details.
175
17620201108:
177	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
178	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
179	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
180
18120201030:
182	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
183	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
184	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
185	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
186	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
187
18820201026:
189	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
190	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
191	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
192	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
193	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
194	find.
195
19620200923:
197	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
198	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
199	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
200	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
201
202	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
203	command you want to un-auger the tree is
204		cd sys/amd64/conf
205		svn revert -R .
206	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
207	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
208
20920200824:
210	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
211	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
212	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
213	unless you  want to use new features.
214
215	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
216	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
217	rebuilding world may fail.
218
219	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
220	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
221
222	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
223	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
224	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
225	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
226
22720200824:
228	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
229	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
230	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
231	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
232
23320200821:
234	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
235	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
236	sources.
237
23820200817:
239	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
240	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
241
24220200816:
243	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
244	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
245	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
246	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
247
24820200810:
249	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
250	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
251	from sources, so a version bump was done.
252
25320200807:
254	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
255	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
256	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
257	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
258
25920200729:
260	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
261	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
262	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
263	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
264	continue to function.
265
266	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
267	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
268	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
269	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
270
27120200627:
272	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
273	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
274	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
275	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
276	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
277	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
278	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
279
28020200625:
281	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
282	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
283
28420200613:
285	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
286	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
287	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
288
28920200604:
290	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
291	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
292	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
293	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
294
295	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
296	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
297	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
298	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
299	/root/.shrc.
300
30120200523:
302	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
303	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
304	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
305	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
306
30720200512:
308	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
309	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
310
31120200424:
312	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
313	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
314	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
315	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
316	be functional without closefrom(2).
317
31820200414:
319	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
320	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
321	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
322	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
323	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
324	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
325
32620200310:
327	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
328	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
329	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
330	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
331
33220200309:
333	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
334	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
335	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
336
33720200301:
338	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
339
34020200229:
341	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
342	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
343	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
344
34520200229:
346	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
347	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
348
34920200229:
350	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
351	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
352	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
353	ports or packages.
354
35520200220:
356	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
357	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
358	ncurses.
359
36020200217:
361	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
362	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
363	together with their new kernel.
364
36520200212:
366	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
367	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
368	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
369
370	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
371	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
372
37320200108:
374	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
375	linker for riscv64.
376
37720200107:
378	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
379	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
380	external toolchain package.
381
38220200104:
383	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
384	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
385	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
386	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
387	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
388
38920200102:
390	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
391	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
392	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
393	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
394
39520191226:
396	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
397	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
398	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
399	ABI.
400
40120191226:
402	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
403
40420191222:
405	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
406	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
407	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
408	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
409
41020191212:
411	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
412	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
413	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
414
41520191205:
416	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
417	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
418	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
419	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
420	differences between those included in the port and those included in
421	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
422	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
423	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
424
42520191120:
426	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
427	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
428	for automounting.
429
43020191107:
431	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
432	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
433	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
434	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
435	add superio to the set.
436
43720191021:
438	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
439	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
440
44120191021:
442	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
443	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
444	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
445	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
446	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
447	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
448	completely in the future.
449
45020191009:
451	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
452	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
453	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
454	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
455	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
456	will be removed from the list.
457
45820191009:
459	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
460	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
461	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
462	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
463
46420191003:
465	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
466	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
467	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
468	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
469
47020190913:
471	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
472	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
473	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
474	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
475
47620190823:
477	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
478	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
479	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
480
48120190727:
482	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
483	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
484	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
485	your scripts, because they had no effect.
486
487	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
488	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
489	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
490	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
491	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
492
49320190713:
494	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
495	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
496	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
497	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
498	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
499	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
500	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
501
50220190620:
503	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
504	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
505	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
506	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
507
50820190612:
509	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
510	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
511	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
512	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
513
51420190608:
515	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
516	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
517	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
518
51920190513:
520	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
521	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
522	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
523	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
524	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
525	avoid running into the limit.
526
52720190507:
528	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
529	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
530
53120190507:
532	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
533	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
534	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
535	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
536	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
537	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
538
53920190418:
540	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
541	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
542	entropy:
543
544	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
545	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
546	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
547	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
548	availability properties.
549
550	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
551	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
552	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
553	initial condition, if desired.
554
555	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
556	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
557
558	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
559	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
560	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
561	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
562
56320190416:
564	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
565	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
566	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
567	therefore unblocked).
568
56920190404:
570	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
571	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
572	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
573	is added to the command line.
574	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
575	not affected and should continue to work.
576
57720190320:
578	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
579	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
580	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
581	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
582
58320190304:
584	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
585	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
586	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
587	or higher.
588
58920190226:
590	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
591	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
592	kernel config.
593
59420190219:
595	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
596	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
597	migrating to the drm ports.
598
59920190131:
600	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
601	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
602	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
603	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
604	is loaded automatically.
605
60620190125:
607	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
608	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
609	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
610	kernel config files.
611
61220181230:
613	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
614	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
615	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
616	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
617
61820181220:
619	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
620	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
621	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
622	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
623	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
624	most NFSv4 mounts.
625
62620181219:
627	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
628	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
629	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
630
631	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
632	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
633
634	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
635	removed from the mips port.
636
63720181211:
638	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
639	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
640	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
641	or higher.
642
64320181211:
644	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
645	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
646
64720181126:
648	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
649	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
650	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
651	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
652
65320181123:
654	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
655	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
656	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
657
65820181115:
659	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
660	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
661	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
662	FreeBSD versions.
663
66420181110:
665	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
666	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
667	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
668
669	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
670	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
671	being included using the command:
672		$ newsyslog -Nrv
673
67420181015:
675	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
676	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
677	drm-legacy-kmod.
678
679	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
680	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
681	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
682	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
683	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
684	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
685	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
686	that as you will get better support.
687
688	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
689	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
690	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
691	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
692
693	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
694	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
695	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
696	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
697	shortly.
698
69920181012:
700	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
701	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
702	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
703	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
704	be adjusted as necessary.
705
70620181009:
707	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
708	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
709	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
710	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
711
71220181006:
713	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
714	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
715	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
716	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
717	encouraged.
718
71920181002:
720	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
721	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
722	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
723	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
724	nda device name.
725
72620180913:
727	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
728	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
729	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
730	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
731	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
732	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
733
73420180826:
735	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
736	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
737	default since FreeBSD-11.
738
73920180822:
740	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
741	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
742	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
743
74420180818:
745	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
746	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
747	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
748	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
749	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
750	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
751	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
752
753	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
754	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
755
75620180815:
757	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
758	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
759	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
760	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
761	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
762	may not be observed in a future release.
763
76420180808:
765	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
766	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
767	your environment.
768
76920180731:
770	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
771	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
772	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
773	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
774
77520180730:
776	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
777	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
778	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
779	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
780	runtime services.
781
78220180727:
783	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
784	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
785	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
786
78720180723:
788	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
789	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
790	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
791	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
792	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
793
79420180720:
795	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
796	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
797	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
798	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
799	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
800	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
801
80220180719:
803	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
804	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
805	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
806	boot_serial=YES
807	boot_multicons=YES
808	in /boot/loader.conf
809	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
810	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
811	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
812
81320180719:
814	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
815	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
816	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
817	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
818	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
819	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
820	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
821	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
822	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
823	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
824	by the ntpd user.
825
82620180717:
827	Big endian arm support has been removed.
828
82920180711:
830	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
831	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
832	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
833	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
834	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
835
83620180705:
837	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
838	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
839	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
840	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
841	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
842	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
843
84420180702:
845	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
846	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
847
84820180701:
849	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
850	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
851	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
852	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
853	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
854	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
855	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
856
85720180630:
858	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
859	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
860	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
861	or higher.
862
86320180628:
864	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
865	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
866	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
867	file.
868
86920180612:
870	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
871	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
872
87320180530:
874	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
875	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
876	longer necessary.
877
87820180530:
879	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
880	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
881	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
882	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
883
88420180523:
885	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
886	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
887	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
888	later than r334108.
889
89020180517:
891	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
892	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
893	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
894	it must be removed.
895
89620180510:
897	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
898	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
899	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
900	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
901	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
902	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
903	will go away.
904
905	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
906	workaround is necessary.
907
90820180508:
909	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
910	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
911	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
912	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
913
91420180504:
915	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
916	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
917	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
918	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
919	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
920
92120180502:
922	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
923	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
924	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
925	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
926
92720180501:
928	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
929	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
930	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
931	be removed.
932
93320180413:
934	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
935	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
936	removed.
937
93820180411:
939	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
940	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
941	removed.
942
94320180406:
944	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
945	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
946	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
947	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
948	microseconds and time zone offsets.
949
950	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
951	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
952	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
953	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
954	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
955	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
956	adjustments, depending on the software used.
957
958	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
959	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
960
961		source src {
962			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
963		}
964
965	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
966	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
967	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
968
969		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
970
971	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
972	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
973	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
974	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
975	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
976	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
977	thus expected to continue to function as before.
978
979	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
980	change.
981
98220180328:
983	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
984	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
985	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
986
98720180323:
988	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
989	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
990	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
991	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
992	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
993	should be as simple as:
994
995		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
996		$ make depend all install
997
99820180212:
999	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1000	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1001	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1002	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1003	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1004	provisions for backup boot methods.
1005
100620180211:
1007	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1008	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1009	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1010	imp@freebsd.org.
1011
101220180114:
1013	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1014	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1015	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1016	or higher.
1017
101820180110:
1019	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1020	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1021	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1022
1023	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1024	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1025
102620180110:
1027	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1028	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1029	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1030	remove it from kernel config files.
1031
103220180104:
1033	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1034	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1035	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1036
1037	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1038	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1039
104020180102:
1041	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1042	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1043	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1044	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1045
104620171215:
1047	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1048	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1049
105020171214:
1051	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1052	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1053	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1054	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1055
105620171125:
1057	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1058	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1059	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1060	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1061	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1062	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1063
106420171110:
1065	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1066	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1067	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1068
106920171106:
1070	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1071	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1072	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1073	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1074	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1075
107620171102:
1077	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1078	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1079	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1080	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1081	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1082	environment.
1083
108420171101:
1085	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1086	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1087	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1088	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1089	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1090	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1091	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1092	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1093	than hardcoding paths.
1094
109520171028:
1096	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1097	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1098	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1099
110020171021:
1101	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1102	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1103	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1104	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1105
110620171010:
1107	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1108	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1109
111020171005:
1111	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1112	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1113	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1114	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1115
111620171003:
1117	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1118	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1119	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1120	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1121	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1122
112320170912:
1124	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1125	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1126	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1127	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1128	/etc/ctl.conf .
1129
113020170912:
1131	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1132	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1133	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1134	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1135	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1136
113720170826:
1138	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1139	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1140
114120170825:
1142	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1143	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1144	to complete.
1145
114620170814:
1147	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1148	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1149	${TESTSDIR}.
1150
1151	Behavioral changes:
1152	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1153	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1154	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1155	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1156
1157	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1158	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1159	sandbox if successful.
1160
1161	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1162	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1163	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1164	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1165	an unprivileged user.
1166
116720170808:
1168	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1169	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1170	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1171	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1172	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1173	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1174	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1175	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1176	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1177	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1178	to which you should answer yes.
1179
118020170728:
1181	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1182	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1183	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1184	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1185	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1186
118720170722:
1188	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1189	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1190	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1191
119220170701:
1193	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1194	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1195
119620170625:
1197	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1198	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1199	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1200	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1201	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1202	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1203	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1204
120520170623:
1206	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1207	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1208	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1209	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1210	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1211	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1212
121320170620:
1214	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1215	if you require the GPL compiler.
1216
121720170618:
1218	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1219	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1220	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1221
122220170617:
1223	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1224	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1225	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1226	followed.
1227
122820170531:
1229	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1230	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1231	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1232	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1233	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1234	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1235
123620170524:
1237	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1238	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1239	which only require one chipset support.
1240
1241	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1242
1243	if_ath_load="YES"
1244
1245	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1246	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1247	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1248
1249	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1250	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1251
1252	* load ath_hal
1253	* load the chip modules in question
1254	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1255	* load ath_main
1256	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1257	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1258
1259	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1260
126120170523:
1262	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1263	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1264	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1265
1266	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1267	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1268	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1269
1270	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1271	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1272	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1273	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1274	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1275	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1276	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1277	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1278
127920170424:
1280	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1281	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1282	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1283
128420170420:
1285	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1286	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1287	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1288
128920170413:
1290	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1291	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1292	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1293	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1294	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1295	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1296	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1297
129820170407:
1299	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1300	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1301	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1302	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1303
130420170405:
1305	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1306	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1307	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1308
130920170331:
1310	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1311	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1312	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1313
131420170329:
1315	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1316	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1317
1318	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1319	via one of the following methods:
1320	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1321	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1322	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1323	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1324
1325	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1326
132720170316:
1328	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1329	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1330	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1331	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1332	with mmc.ko).
1333
133420170315:
1335	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1336	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1337	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1338	be prefixed with colon.
1339
134020170311:
1341	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1342	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1343	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1344
134520170302:
1346	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1347	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1348	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1349
135020170221:
1351	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1352	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1353	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1354	change.
1355
135620170216:
1357	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1358	valid.
1359
136020170215:
1361	MCA bus support has been removed.
1362
136320170127:
1364	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1365	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1366
136720170112:
1368	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1369	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1370
137120170109:
1372	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1373	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1374	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1375	configuration.
1376
137720161217:
1378	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1379	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1380	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1381
138220161124:
1383	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1384	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1385	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1386
138720161119:
1388	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1389	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1390	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1391
139220161030:
1393	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1394	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1395	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1396	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1397
139820161017:
1399	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1400	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1401	parts.
1402	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1403	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1404
140520161015:
1406	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1407	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1408	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1409	removed from base.
1410
141120161008:
1412	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1413	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1414	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1415
141620161003:
1417	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1418	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1419
142020160924:
1421	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1422	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1423	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1424	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1425
142620160918:
1427	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1428	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1429	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1430	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1431	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1432
143320160918:
1434	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1435
143620160908:
1437	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1438	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1439	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1440	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1441
144220160824:
1443	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1444	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1445	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1446	to 1200005.
1447
144820160818:
1449	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1450	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1451	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1452	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1453	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1454	0.
1455
145620160818:
1457	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1458	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1459
146020160708:
1461	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1462
146320160622:
1464	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1465	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1466	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1467	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1468	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1469	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1470	kernel.
1471
147220160527:
1473	CAM now strips the leading spaces from each SCSI disk's serial number.
1474	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1475	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1476	previously contained a line like
1477	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1478	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1479	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1480	generally be fine.
1481
148220160523:
1483	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1484	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1485	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1486	built with the old headers.
1487
148820160520:
1489	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1490	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1491	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1492	installing a new libc.
1493
149420160517:
1495	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1496	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1497	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1498	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1499	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1500	packages will be needed.
1501
1502	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1503	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1504	and the install steps.
1505
150620160510:
1507	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1508	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1509	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1510	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1511	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1512	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1513
151420160414:
1515	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1516	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1517	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1518	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1519	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1520
1521		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1522		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1523		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1524		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1525		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1526
1527	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1528	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1529	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1530	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1531	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1532	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1533	vendors work.
1534
1535	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1536	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1537		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1538	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1539	quirks entry to 0x3.
1540
154120160330:
1542	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1543	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1544	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1545
154620160317:
1547	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1548	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1549
155020160311:
1551	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1552	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1553	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1554	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1555	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1556	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1557	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1558	stale .depend files.
1559
156020160306:
1561	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1562	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1563	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1564	rebooting, e.g.:
1565
1566	make buildworld
1567	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1568	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1569	make -C sys/boot install
1570	<reboot in single user>
1571
1572	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1573	below.
1574
157520160305:
1576	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1577	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1578	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1579
158020160301:
1581	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1582	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1583	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1584	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1585	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1586	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1587
158820160226:
1589	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1590	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1591	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1592	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1593	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1594
159520160129:
1596	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1597	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1598	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1599	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1600	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1601
160220160119:
1603	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1604	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1605
160620160113:
1607	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1608	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1609	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1610
161120151216:
1612	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1613	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1614	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1615	other loaders.
1616
161720151211:
1618	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1619	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1620	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1621	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1622	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1623	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1624
162520151207:
1626	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1627	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1628	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1629	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1630	in src.conf(5).
1631
163220151130:
1633	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1634	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1635	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1636
163720151108:
1638	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1639	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1640	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1641
1642	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1643	collation results will be different.
1644
1645	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1646	locales before running make installworld.
1647
1648	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1649
165020151030:
1651	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1652	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1653
165420151020:
1655	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1656	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1657	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1658
165920151017:
1660	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1661	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1662	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1663	and 'make -N' will not.
1664
166520151012:
1666	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1667	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1668	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1669	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1670	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1671	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1672	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1673	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1674
167520151011:
1676	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1677	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1678	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1679	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1680
168120151006:
1682	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1683	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1684	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1685
168620150924:
1687	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1688	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1689	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1690	userland debug files.
1691
1692	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1693	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1694	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1695
1696	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1697	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1698
169920150827:
1700	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1701	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1702	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1703	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1704	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1705	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1706
170720150827:
1708	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1709	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1710	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1711
171220150817:
1713	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1714	them, the kernel must have
1715
1716	device	random
1717	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1718
1719	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1720	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1721	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1722	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1723
1724	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1725	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1726
172720150813:
1728	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1729	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1730	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1731
173220150810:
1733	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1734	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1735	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1736	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1737
1738	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1739	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1740	difference with this change.
1741
1742	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1743	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1744	remove that workaround.
1745
174620150809:
1747	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1748	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1749	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1750	with:
1751
1752	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1753
175420150806:
1755	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1756	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1757	loader.rc.local instead.
1758
175920150805:
1760	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1761	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1762	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1763
176420150728:
1765	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1766	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1767	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1768
1769	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1770	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1771
177220150706:
1773	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1774	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1775	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1776	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1777	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1778	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1779	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1780	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1781	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1782	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1783	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1784	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1785
178620150630:
1787	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1788	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1789
1790	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1791	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1792	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1793
1794	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1795	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1796
1797	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1798	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1799	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1800
1801	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1802	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1803	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1804	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1805
1806	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1807	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1808	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1809	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1810
1811	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1812	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1813	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1814	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1815	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1816	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1817	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1818	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1819	will never happen.
1820
182120150623:
1822	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1823	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1824
182520150616:
1826	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1827	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1828
182920150615:
1830	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1831	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1832	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1833	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1834	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1835
183620150614:
1837	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1838	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1839	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1840	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1841
184220150614:
1843	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1844	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1845	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1846	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1847	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1848	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1849	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1850
1851	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1852	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1853	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1854	   replace it with '2'.
1855	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1856	   a file path, create a new file with:
1857		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1858	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1859		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1860	5. Restart sendmail:
1861		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1862
1863	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1864	updated.
1865
186620150604:
1867	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1868	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1869	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1870	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1871	5.x.
1872
1873	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1874
187520150525:
1876	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1877	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1878	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1879
188020150521:
1881	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1882	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1883	and Pandaboard:
1884
1885	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1886	  same but content is different now
1887	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1888	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1889	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1890	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1891	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1892
189320150501:
1894	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1895	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1896	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1897
189820150423:
1899	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1900	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1901
190220150415:
1903	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1904	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1905
190620150416:
1907	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1908	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1909	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1910
191120150324:
1912	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1913	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1914	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1915	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1916
191720150315:
1918	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1919	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1920	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1921
192220150307:
1923	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1924	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1925	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1926	kernel before rebooting.
1927
192820150217:
1929	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1930	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1931	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1932	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1933	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1934	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1935
193620150210:
1937	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1938	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1939	with the new kernel.
1940
194120150131:
1942	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1943	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1944	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1945
194620150118:
1947	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1948	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1949	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1950	are not already using 3.5.0.
1951
195220150107:
1953	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1954	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1955	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1956	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1957	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1958
195920150105:
1960	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1961	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1962	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1963	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1964
196520150102:
1966	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1967	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1968
196920141231:
1970	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1971
1972	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1973	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1974	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1975	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1976	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1977	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1978	later.
1979
1980	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1981	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1982	of the box.
1983
1984	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1985	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1986	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1987	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1988
1989	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1990	the instructions for 9.x above.
1991
1992	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1993	default, and do not build clang.
1994
1995	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1996	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1997	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1998
1999	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
2000	the following are most likely to appear:
2001
2002	-Wabsolute-value
2003
2004	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
2005	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
2006	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
2007	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
2008	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
2009	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
2010	  cast, or disable the warning.
2011
2012	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
2013	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
2014	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
2015	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
2016	  side-effects.
2017
2018	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
2019	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
2020
2021	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
2022	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
2023	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
2024	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
2025
2026	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
2027	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
2028	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
2029	unreachable could be optimized away.
2030
203120141222:
2032	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2033	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2034	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2035	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2036	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2037	the utilities will report errors.
2038
203920141121:
2040	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2041	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2042	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
2043	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2044	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2045	LOCAL_DIRS.
2046
204720141109:
2048	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2049	has been obsolete for a very long time.
2050
205120141104:
2052	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2053	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2054	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2055	drivers.
2056
2057	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2058	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2059	indicate what you need to do.
2060
2061	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2062	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2063	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2064
2065	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2066	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2067	  kern.vty=sc
2068
206920141102:
2070	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2071	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2072	execute it.
2073
207420141009:
2075	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2076	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2077	devel/gperf port.
2078
207920140923:
2080	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2081	contrib/pjdfstest .
2082
208320140922:
2084	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2085	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2086	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2087	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
2088	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2089	their next update cycle.
2090
209120140729:
2092	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2093	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2094	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2095	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2096	1.12.4_8 or newer.
2097
209820140723:
2099	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2100	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2101
210220140719:
2103	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2104	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2105	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
2106	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2107	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2108	new configuration.
2109
211020140709:
2111	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2112	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2113	them again.
2114	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2115
211620140708:
2117	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2118	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2119	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
2120	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2121	requires readline.
2122
212320140702:
2124	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2125	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2126	architecture.
2127
212820140701:
2129	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2130	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
2131	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2132	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2133	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2134
213520140629:
2136	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2137	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2138	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2139
214020140619:
2141	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2142	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2143	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2144
214520140606:
2146	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2147	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
2148	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2149	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
2150	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2151	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2152	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2153	"make installworld".
2154
2155	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2156	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2157	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2158	is run.
2159
2160	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2161	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2162	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2163	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2164	be removed during a clean upgrade.
2165
216620140512:
2167	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2168
216920140508:
2170	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2171	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2172	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
2173
217420140505:
2175	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2176	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2177	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2178	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2179	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2180	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2181	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2182	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2183	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2184	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2185	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2186	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2187
2188	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2189	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2190	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2191	as well.
2192
219320140430:
2194	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2195	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2196
219720140424:
2198	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2199	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2200	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2201	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2202	build hosts for older releases.
2203
2204	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2205	r276991, respectively.
2206
220720140418:
2208	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2209	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2210	will silently lack HESIOD.
2211
221220140405:
2213	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2214	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2215	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2216	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2217	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2218	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2219	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2220	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2221	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2222	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2223	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2224	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
2225
222620140306:
2227	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2228	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2229	with command line option -W.
2230
223120140226:
2232	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2233	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2234	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2235	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2236	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2237
223820140216:
2239	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2240
224120140216:
2242	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
2243	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2244
224520140212:
2246	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2247	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2248	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
2249	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2250	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2251
225220140204:
2253	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2254	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
2255	kernel is still highly recommended.
2256
225720140131:
2258	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2259	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
2260	capability mode support in kernel.
2261
226220140128:
2263	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2264	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2265	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2266	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2267	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2268
226920140110:
2270	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2271	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2272	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2273	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2274	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2275	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2276
227720131213:
2278	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2279	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2280	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2281	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2282	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2283	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2284	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2285	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2286	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2287
228820131108:
2289	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2290	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
2291	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2292	should change your settings to use the latter.
2293
229420131025:
2295	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2296	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
2297	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
2298	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
2299	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2300
230120131014:
2302	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2303	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2304	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2305	delete-old-libs":
2306	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2307	  or
2308	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2309
231020131010:
2311	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2312	revision r256279.
2313
2314COMMON ITEMS:
2315
2316	General Notes
2317	-------------
2318	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2319	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2320	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2321	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2322	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2323	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2324	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2325	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2326
2327	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2328	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2329	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2330	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2331	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2332	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2333	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2334	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2335	an exception.
2336
2337	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2338	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2339	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2340	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2341	step.
2342
2343	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2344	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2345	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2346	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2347
2348	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2349	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2350	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2351	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2352	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2353	should write them with this in mind.
2354
2355	ZFS notes
2356	---------
2357	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2358	these two steps:
2359
2360	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2361	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2362
2363	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2364
2365	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2366	freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2367	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2368	The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2369	booting from EFI).
2370
2371	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2372
2373	To build a kernel
2374	-----------------
2375	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2376	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2377	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2378
2379	make kernel-toolchain
2380	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2381	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2382
2383	To test a kernel once
2384	---------------------
2385	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2386	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2387	debugging information) run
2388	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2389	nextboot -k testkernel
2390
2391	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2392	-----------------------------------------------------------
2393	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2394	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2395
2396	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2397	make buildworld
2398	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2399	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2400							[1]
2401	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2402	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2403	make installworld
2404	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2405	make delete-old					[6]
2406	<reboot>
2407
2408	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2409	--------------------------------------------------
2410	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2411	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2412	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2413	# size.
2414
2415	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2416	<boot into -stable>
2417	make buildworld
2418	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2419	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2420	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2421	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2422	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2423	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2424	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2425	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2426	<reboot into current>
2427	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2428	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2429	<reboot>
2430
2431
2432	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2433	----------------------------------------------
2434	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2435	make buildworld					[9]
2436	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2437	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2438							[1]
2439	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2440	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2441	make installworld
2442	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2443	make delete-old					[6]
2444	<reboot>
2445
2446	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2447	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2448	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2449	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2450	the UPDATING entries.
2451
2452	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2453	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2454	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2455	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2456	much fewer pitfalls.
2457
2458	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2459	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2460	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2461	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2462	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2463	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2464	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2465	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2466	and effective, eg:
2467	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2468
2469	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2470		fsck -p
2471		mount -u /
2472		mount -a
2473		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2474		cd src			# full path to source
2475		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2476	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2477	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2478
2479	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2480	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2481	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2482	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2483	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2484	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2485	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2486
2487	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2488	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2489	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2490	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2491	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2492	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2493
2494	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2495	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2496	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2497
2498	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2499	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2500	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2501	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2502	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2503	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2504	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2505	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2506
2507	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2508	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2509	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2510	for these as well.
2511
2512	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2513	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2514	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2515
2516	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2517	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2518	warn if it is improperly defined.
2519FORMAT:
2520
2521This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2522breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2523list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2524If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2525to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2526
2527Copyright information:
2528
2529Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2530
2531Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2532modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2533document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2534
2535THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2536IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2537WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2538DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2539INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2540(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2541SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2542HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2543STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2544IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2545POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2546
2547Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2548this document.
2549
2550$FreeBSD$
2551