xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision d5f55356a2fbf8222fb236fe509821e12f1ea456)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020250816:
31	Sendmail's libmilter has been moved to its own package.  If you want
32	to compile applications that use libmilter, you should install the
33	FreeBSD-libmilter* packages.
34
35	If you only have FreeBSD-sendmail installed for applications that
36	require libmilter, you can now remove it.
37
3820250815:
39	jemalloc 5.3.0 has been committed to the tree.
40
4120250815:
42	The removal of Secure RPC DES authentication notced in 20250810
43	has been reverted.  (However, it is still non-functional.)
44
4520250813:
46	Commit cce64f2e6851 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
47	modules.  As such, all of them need to be rebuilt from sources.
48	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1500060 already today,
49	 so I will not bump it again for this.
50
5120250813:
52	The gpiobus_attach_bus() function has been removed. Drivers should now
53	use the gpiobus_add_bus() function instead. The difference being that
54	gpiobus_add_bus() doesn't call bus_attach_children(), calling it will
55	be the responsibility of the caller now.
56
5720250810:
58	Support for Secure RPC DES authentication has been removed.
59	The keyserv(8) daemon was already removed, but support for it in libc
60	has also been removed, so if you somehow still had keyserv installed,
61	it will now stop working.  There is no workaround for this.  Removing
62	DES is considered a feature.
63
6420250808:
65	The CLEAN option has been switched back from default-off to
66	default-on.  This reverts the 20240729 change below.
67
6820250807:
69	routed(8) and route6d(8) have moved to the FreeBSD-rip package.
70	If you use either of these, you should install the new package.
71
7220250806:
73	if_epair(4) now uses ether_gen_addr(9) to generate a stable MAC
74	address.
75	To keep using the random address, set the loader tunable
76	net.link.epair.ether_gen_addr=0.
77
7820250804:
79	bsdconfig (including sysrc(8)) has moved to the new bsdconfig
80	package.  If you use pkgbase and wish to use bsdconfig, you should
81	install FreeBSD-bsdconfig.
82
8320250730:
84	The usbhid(4) USB HID driver is now enabled by default, and will be
85	used in preference to other USB HID drivers like ukbd(4), ums(4), and
86	uhid(4).  Work on a FIDO/U2F driver and moused(8) is in progress.
87	The default is being switched now so that we can find and fix any
88	additional issues prior to FreeBSD 15.0.
89
90	To revert to the previous USB HID driver behavior, set the loader
91	tunable hw.usb.usbhid.enable=0.
92
9320250727:
94	bmake (i.e., /usr/bin/make and /usr/share/mk) has moved to a new
95	package, FreeBSD-bmake.  If you use pkgbase and you need make, you
96	should install this package.
97
9820250726:
99	amd64 kernel configurations must contain "options SMP".
100
10120250725:
102	gssd(8) has been moved to a new package, FreeBSD-gssd.  If you use
103	pkgbase and you need gssd, you should install this package.
104
10520250724:
106	The Kerberos packages which are built when WITH_MITKRB5 is enabled
107	have been renamed from FreeBSD-krb5* to FreeBSD-kerberos*.  This
108	affects pkgbase users who manually enabled WITH_MITKRB5, *or* use
109	the default value of WITH_MITKRB5 and updated past c7da9fb90b0b
110	(20250721) which made WITH_MITKRB5 the default.
111
112	In either case, if you have FreeBSD-krb5* packages installed, you
113	should remove them and (re)install the equivalent FreeBSD-kerberos*
114	packages instead.
115
11620250721:
117	WITH_MITKRB5 is now enabled by default. MIT KRB5 has replaced
118	Heimdal in base. Ports that use USES=gssapi must be rebuilt.
119	A clean buildworld is required.
120
12120250719:
122	Commits 392a82b225 and c00baac0ab both changed the
123	internal API between the NFS modules.  As such, all
124	these modules need to be rebuilt from sources.
125	__FreeBSD_version was bumped to 1500053 for this.
126
12720250710:
128	The shar(1) utility has been removed from base.  The
129	sysutils/freebsd-shar port was created to maintain this version of
130	shar(1) past its removal from base.
131
13220250704:
133	LinuxKPI device.h and acpi changes effecting drivers and drm-kmod.
134	Bump __FreeBSD_version 1500050 to be able to detect these changes.
135
13620250630:
137	Commits 171f66b0c2ca and 8e2a90ac8089 changed the internal
138	api between nfscommon.ko and the other nfs modules.
139	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500049 for this.
140	All NFS related modules must be rebuilt from up-to-date
141	sources.
142
14320250625:
144	"make delete-old" will now remove the Forth bootloader entirely
145	if the system is built with WITHOUT_FORTH.
146
14720250614:
148	MIT KRB5 (MIT Kerberos5) has been imported into 15-CURRENT. To
149	and install MIT KRB5, add WITH_MITKRB5=yes to /etc/src.conf. This
150	will build and install MIT KRB5 1.21.3. And it will remove Heimdal
151	1.5.2 when delete-old and delete-old-libs are run. To revert back
152	simply buildworld/installworld again with delete-old-libs and
153	delete-old.
154
155	At the moment we only know of a couple of ports that might be
156	affected. Adjusting libmap.conf does not circumvent runtime issues.
157	The few affected ports must be rebuilt. A successful exp-run will be
158	run before MIT KRB5 becomes default.
159
160	Those using the KDC in FreeBSD base may wish to wait. The Heimdal
161	HDB is incompatible with the MIT KRB5 KDC. The migration procedure
162	is a little involved.
163
16420250603:
165	LinuxKPI dma-mapping.h were pulled into the tree from drm-kmod.
166	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1500045 to be able to detect this change.
167
16820250527:
169	pf changed extension header handling. It now treats AH headers on IPv4 just
170	like AH headers on IPv6 and skips over them, allowing filtering on the inner
171	protocol.
172
17320250527:
174	pf now blocks IPv6 packets with a hop-by-hop or destination options header by
175	default. Such packets can be passed by adding "allow-opts" to the rule. IPv6
176	options are now handled just like their IPv4 counterparts.
177
17820250527:
179	The CAM target layer userland, i.e. ctld(8), ctladm(8) and ctlstat(8),
180	has moved to the new FreeBSD-ctl package.  If you use pkgbase and you
181	need the CAM Target Layer, you should install the new package.
182
183	Development-related tools (e.g. ar and nm) have moved to the new
184	"FreeBSD-toolchain" package, which subsumes and obsoletes the
185	existing "FreeBSD-elftoolchain" package.  If you use pkgbase and
186	need to compile software, you should install the new package and
187	ensure the old FreeBSD-elftoolchain* packages are completely removed.
188
18920250521:
190	Commit e64fe5ad3a23 removed in6_maxmtu and its setter in6_setmaxmtu().
191	in6_maxmtu is used to store the max IPv6 MTU of all interfaces,
192	however it does not have any in-tree consumers since the introduction
193	from the KAME project. The removal should have little impact, and the
194	max IPv6 MTU can be easily retrieved by iterating over all the attached
195	interface if 3rd party modules need it.
196
19720250515:
198	Commit 772258c89f28 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
199	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
200
20120250513:
202	The bridge(4) sysctl net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs now defaults to 0,
203	meaning that interfaces added to a bridge may not have IP addresses
204	assigned.  Refer to bridge(4) for more information.
205
20620250507:
207	UMASS quirks and auto-quirk probing has been overhauled. CAM now won't
208	send SYNCHRONIZE CACHE unless MODE PAGE 8 is present and valid. This
209	should allow more devices to work (since the auto quirk code was updated
210	in 14 and broke several e-readers and the like). Please send imp@freebsd.org
211	any regression reports.
212
21320250504:
214	Commit 9419e086e1a3 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
215	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
216
21720250412:
218	LinuxKPI alloc routines were changed to return physically contiguous
219	memory where expected. These changes may require out-of-tree drivers
220	to be recompiled.
221	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500037 to be able to detect this change.
222
22320250409:
224	Intel iwlwifi firmware has been removed from the src repository.
225	Before updating their system, users of iwlwifi(4) or iwx(4) must
226	install the appropriate firmware for their chipset using fwget(8) or
227	building it from ports.
228
22920250314:
230	We now use LLVM's binary utilities (nm, objcopy, etc.) by default.
231	The WITHOUT_LLVM_BINUTILS src.conf(5) knob can be used to revert to
232	ELF Tool Chain tools if desired.
233
23420250303:
235	Commit 4a77657cbc01 changed the ABI between ipfw(8) and ipfw(4).
236	Please note that the old ipfw(8) binary will not work with the new
237	ipfw(4) module. Therefore, it is recommended to disable ipfw during
238	the upgrade, otherwise the host system may become inaccessible because
239	ipfw rules cannot be installed with the old binary.
240
24120250214:
242	Commit 4517fbfd4251 modified the internal API between the
243	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both of these modules
244	need to be rebuilt from sources.
245
24620250201:
247	The NFS related daemons, that provide RPC services to the kernel:
248	gssd(8), rpcbind(8), rpc.tlsservd(8) and rpc.tlsclntd(8), now use a
249	different transport - netlink(4) socket instead of unix(4).  Users of
250	NFS need to upgrade both kernel and world (binaries and libc) at once.
251	Also, any revision between 88cd1e17a7d8 and 99e5a70046da should be
252	avoided.
253
25420250129:
255	Defer the January 19, 2038 date limit in UFS1 filesystems to
256	February 7, 2106. This affects only UFS1 format filesystems.
257	See commit message 1111a44301da for details.
258
25920250127:
260	The Allwinner a10_timer driver has been renamed to aw_driver. If you
261	have a custom kernel configuration including the line 'device
262	a10_timer', it must be adjusted to 'device aw_timer'. The same applies
263	for device exclusions with 'nodevice'.
264
26520250106:
266	A new SOC_ROCKCHIP options appeared, so if you have a custom kernel configuration
267	targetting Rockchip SoC you need to add it so shared and mandatory drivers for
268	this SoC familly will be selected.
269	Also a new rk8xx device was added, this select the base driver for Rockchip PMIC.
270
27120241223:
272	The layout of NFS file handles for the tarfs, tmpfs, cd9660, and ext2fs
273	file systems has changed.  An NFS server that exports any of these file
274	systems will need its clients to unmount and remount the exports.
275
27620241216:
277	The iwm(4) firmwares are no longer compiled as kernel modules but instead
278	shipped as raw files. For pkgbase users if you use iwm(4) you will need
279	to install the FreeBSD-firmware-iwm package.
280
28120241124:
282	The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC
283	option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version
284	imported more than 4 years ago have been removed.
285
28620241107:
287	The ng_ubt(4) driver now requires firmwares to be loaded on Realtek
288	adaptors with rtlbtfw(8) utility. It no longer attaches to devices
289	standing in bootloader mode. Firmware files are available in the
290	comms/rtlbt-firmware port.
291
29220241025:
293	The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from
294	rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are
295	advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts
296	do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across
297	all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown.
298
29920241013:
300	The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that
301	caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached
302	to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing
303	and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions.
304
30520240729:
306	The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean
307	is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel.  The
308	WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous
309	behaviour.
310
311	If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the
312	freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be
313	added, if necessary.
314
31520240715:
316	We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional
317	devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring
318	instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc
319	have been removed.  Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like:
320		uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15.
321	to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa
322	in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards
323	are known to be affected, but there may be others.
324
32520240712:
326	Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed.
327
32820240617:
329	ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error.
330	Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the
331	ifconfig command line and in rc.conf.
332
33320240428:
334	OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
335	package FreeBSD-audit.  If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
336	should install FreeBSD-audit.
337
33820240424:
339	cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
340	own packages.  If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
341	packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
342
34320240406:
344	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
345	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
346	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
347	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
348	errors in C++ programs.
349
35020240205:
351	For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
352	libsys rather than libc.  No change in linkage is required as
353	libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc.  People building custom
354	images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
355
35620240202:
357	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
358	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
359	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
360	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
361
362	The following sequencing is applied:
363
364	1. Bootstrap:
365	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
366
367	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
368	    /boot/device.hints
369	    /boot/loader.conf
370
371	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
372	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
373
374	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
375	    /boot/loader.conf.local
376
37720240201:
378	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
379	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
380	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
381	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
382	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
383
38420240111:
385	Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
386	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
387	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
388	bumped to 1500010.
389
39020231120:
391	If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
392	loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point.  Detection of ACPI
393	was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
394	binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
395	undisable ACPI by doing
396		OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
397	This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
398	small window where amd64 was also broken.
399
40020231113:
401	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
402	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
403
40420231027:
405	Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
406	"ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
407
40820231018:
409	Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
410	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  Both must be rebuilt from sources.
411
41220231010:
413	dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
414	time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
415	box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
416	dialog(1).
417
418	If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
419	from ports:
420
421	pkg install cdialog
422
42320230927:
424	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
425	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
426	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
427
42820230922:
429	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
430	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
431	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
432
43320230914:
434	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
435	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
436
43720230911:
438	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
439	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
440	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
441	for these file moves:
442
443		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
444		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
445		pkg upgrade -y
446
44720230909:
448	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
449	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
450	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
451	corresponding kernel environment variables.
452
45320230901:
454	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
455	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
456
45720230824:
458	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
459
46020230817:
461	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
462	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
463	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
464	configuration.
465
466	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
467	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
468	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
469	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
470	with the serial port at 115200.
471
47220230807:
473	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
474	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
475	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
476	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
477	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
478
47920230803:
480	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
481	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
482
48320230724:
484	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
485	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
486	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
487	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
488	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
489
49020230713:
491	stable/14 branch created.
492
49320230629:
494	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
495	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
496	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
497	file a PR and assign it to imp.
498
49920230623:
500	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
501	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
502	after upgrading.
503
50420230619:
505	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
506	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
507	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
508	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
509
510		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
511		service pf restart
512
513	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
514	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
515
51620230613:
517	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
518	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
519	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
520	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
521	already properly quoted or escaped.
522
52320230612:
524	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
525	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
526	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
527	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
528	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
529	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
530	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
531	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
532
533	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
534	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
535
53620230422:
537	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
538	using git instead.
539
54020230420:
541	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
542	eg.
543		make buildworld-jobs
544	runs
545		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
546
547	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
548
54920230316:
550	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
551	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
552	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
553	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
554	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
555	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
556	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
557	exist anymore.
558
55920230221:
560	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
561	for details.
562
56320230206:
564	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
565	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
566	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
567
56820230204:
569	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
570	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
571
57220230130:
573	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
574	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
575	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
576
57720230126:
578	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
579	system are now built unconditionally.
580
58120230113:
582	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
583	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
584
58520221212:
586	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
587	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
588
589	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
590	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
591	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
592
59320221205:
594	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
595	to reenable sendmail(8):
596
597	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
598
599	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
600
60120221204:
602	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
603	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
604	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
605	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
606	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
607	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
608
609	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
610
61120221122:
612	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
613	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
614	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
615
61620221121:
617	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
618	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
619
62020221026:
621	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
622	for pkgbase users to do:
623
624	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
625	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
626
627	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
628	installed.
629
63020221002:
631	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
632	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
633	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
634	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
635
63620220610:
637	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
638	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
639
64020211230:
641	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
642	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
643	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
644	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
645	reflect this change.
646
64720211214:
648	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
649	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
650
65120211209:
652	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
653	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
654	the coming days and weeks.
655
656	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
657	or touch
658		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
659		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
660		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
661		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
662	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
663
66420211202:
665	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
666	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
667	statement in unbound.conf:
668		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
669
670	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
671
672	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
673	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
674	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
675	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
676	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
677	such names when roaming to different homenets.
678
67920211110:
680	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
681	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
682	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
683	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
684	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
685	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
686	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
687	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
688	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
689	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
690	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
691
69220211118:
693	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
694	tree shortly.
695
69620211106:
697	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
698	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
699	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
700	may need to be modified.
701
70220211022:
703	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
704	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
705	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
706
70720211020:
708	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
709	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
710
711	# chsh -s csh
712
71320211004:
714	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
715	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
716	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
717	this change.
718
71920210923:
720	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
721	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
722	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
723	list of modules to load on their systems.
724
72520210922:
726	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
727	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
728	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
729	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
730
73120210911:
732	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
733	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
734	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
735	being loaded.
736
73720210817:
738	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
739	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
740	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
741	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
742	application-specific configuration option for applications
743	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
744
74520210811:
746	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
747	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
748
74920210730:
750	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
751	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
752	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
753	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
754
75520210729:
756	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
757	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
758	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
759
76020210716:
761	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
762	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
763	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
764
76520210715:
766	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
767	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
768	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
769	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
770	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
771	to update your sources past the above hash and do
772		% cd usr.bin/awk
773		% make clean all
774		% sudo -E make install
775	to enable building kernels again.
776
77720210708:
778	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
779	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
780	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
781
78220210707:
783	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
784	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
785
78620210624:
787	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
788	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
789	for NFSv4 mounts.
790	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
791
79220210618:
793	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
794	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
795	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
796	additions and others.
797
79820210618:
799	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
800	renamed to "untrusted".
801
80220210611:
803	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
804	please install the svn package or port.
805
80620210611:
807	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
808	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
809	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
810
81120210610:
812	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
813
81420210608:
815	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
816	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
817https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
818	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
819	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
820	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
821	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
822
82320210525:
824	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
825	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
826	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
827	detect this.
828
82920210513:
830	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
831	libraries and utilities are packaged.
832	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
833	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
834	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
835	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
836	on the system.
837
83820210426:
839	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
840	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
841	need to be rebuilt from sources.
842	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
843	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
844	is not recommended.
845
84620210411:
847	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
848	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
849	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
850	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
851	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
852	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
853
85420210330:
855	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
856	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
857	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
858	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
859
86020210225:
861	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
862	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
863	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
864
86520210128:
866	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
867	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
868	update.
869
87020210121:
871	stable/13 branch created.
872
87320210108:
874	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
875	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
876	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
877	since it was bumped so recently.
878
87920210107:
880	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
881	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
882	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
883	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
884
88520210105:
886	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
887	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
888	requires a clean build.
889
89020201223:
891	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
892	instructions can be found at
893	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
894	and other documents in that repo.
895
89620201216:
897	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
898	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
899	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
900	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
901
90220201215:
903	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
904	may be installed from ports or packages.
905
90620201124:
907	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
908	See ping(8) for details.
909
91020201108:
911	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
912	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
913	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
914
91520201030:
916	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
917	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
918	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
919	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
920	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
921
92220201026:
923	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
924	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
925	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
926	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
927	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
928	find.
929
93020200923:
931	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
932	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
933	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
934	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
935
936	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
937	command you want to un-auger the tree is
938		cd sys/amd64/conf
939		svn revert -R .
940	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
941	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
942
94320200824:
944	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
945	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
946	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
947	unless you  want to use new features.
948
949	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
950	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
951	rebuilding world may fail.
952
953	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
954	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
955
956	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
957	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
958	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
959	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
960
96120200824:
962	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
963	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
964	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
965	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
966
96720200821:
968	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
969	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
970	sources.
971
97220200817:
973	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
974	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
975
97620200816:
977	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
978	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
979	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
980	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
981
98220200810:
983	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
984	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
985	from sources, so a version bump was done.
986
98720200807:
988	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
989	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
990	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
991	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
992
99320200729:
994	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
995	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
996	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
997	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
998	continue to function.
999
1000	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
1001	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
1002	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
1003	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
1004
100520200627:
1006	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
1007	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
1008	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
1009	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
1010	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
1011	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
1012	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
1013
101420200625:
1015	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
1016	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
1017
101820200613:
1019	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
1020	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
1021	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
1022
102320200604:
1024	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
1025	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
1026	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
1027	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
1028
1029	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
1030	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
1031	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
1032	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
1033	/root/.shrc.
1034
103520200523:
1036	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1037	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1038	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1039	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1040
104120200512:
1042	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
1043	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
1044
104520200424:
1046	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
1047	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
1048	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
1049	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
1050	be functional without closefrom(2).
1051
105220200414:
1053	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
1054	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
1055	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
1056	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
1057	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
1058	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
1059
106020200310:
1061	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1062	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1063	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1064	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1065
106620200309:
1067	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
1068	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
1069	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
1070
107120200301:
1072	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
1073
107420200229:
1075	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
1076	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
1077	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
1078
107920200229:
1080	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
1081	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
1082
108320200229:
1084	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
1085	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
1086	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
1087	ports or packages.
1088
108920200220:
1090	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
1091	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
1092	ncurses.
1093
109420200217:
1095	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
1096	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
1097	together with their new kernel.
1098
109920200212:
1100	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
1101	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
1102	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
1103
1104	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
1105	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
1106
110720200108:
1108	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
1109	linker for riscv64.
1110
111120200107:
1112	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
1113	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
1114	external toolchain package.
1115
111620200104:
1117	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
1118	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
1119	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
1120	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
1121	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
1122
112320200102:
1124	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
1125	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
1126	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
1127	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
1128
112920191226:
1130	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
1131	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
1132	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
1133	ABI.
1134
113520191226:
1136	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
1137
113820191222:
1139	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1140	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1141	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1142	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1143
114420191212:
1145	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
1146	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
1147	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
1148
114920191205:
1150	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
1151	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
1152	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
1153	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
1154	differences between those included in the port and those included in
1155	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
1156	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
1157	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
1158
115920191120:
1160	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
1161	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
1162	for automounting.
1163
116420191107:
1165	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
1166	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
1167	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
1168	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
1169	add superio to the set.
1170
117120191021:
1172	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
1173	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
1174
117520191021:
1176	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
1177	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
1178	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
1179	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
1180	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
1181	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
1182	completely in the future.
1183
118420191009:
1185	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
1186	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
1187	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
1188	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
1189	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
1190	will be removed from the list.
1191
119220191009:
1193	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1194	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1195	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1196	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1197
119820191003:
1199	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
1200	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
1201	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
1202	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
1203
120420190913:
1205	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
1206	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
1207	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
1208	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
1209
121020190823:
1211	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
1212	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
1213	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
1214
121520190727:
1216	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
1217	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
1218	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
1219	your scripts, because they had no effect.
1220
1221	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
1222	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
1223	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
1224	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
1225	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
1226
122720190713:
1228	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
1229	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
1230	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
1231	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
1232	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
1233	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
1234	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
1235
123620190620:
1237	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
1238	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
1239	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
1240	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
1241
124220190612:
1243	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1244	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1245	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1246	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1247
124820190608:
1249	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
1250	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
1251	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
1252
125320190513:
1254	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
1255	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
1256	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
1257	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
1258	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
1259	avoid running into the limit.
1260
126120190507:
1262	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
1263	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
1264
126520190507:
1266	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
1267	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
1268	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
1269	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
1270	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
1271	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
1272
127320190418:
1274	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
1275	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
1276	entropy:
1277
1278	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
1279	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
1280	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
1281	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
1282	availability properties.
1283
1284	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1285	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
1286	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
1287	initial condition, if desired.
1288
1289	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1290	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
1291
1292	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
1293	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
1294	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
1295	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
1296
129720190416:
1298	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
1299	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
1300	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
1301	therefore unblocked).
1302
130320190404:
1304	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
1305	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
1306	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
1307	is added to the command line.
1308	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
1309	not affected and should continue to work.
1310
131120190320:
1312	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1313	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1314	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1315	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1316
131720190304:
1318	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1319	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1320	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1321	or higher.
1322
132320190226:
1324	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
1325	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1326	kernel config.
1327
132820190219:
1329	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1330	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1331	migrating to the drm ports.
1332
133320190131:
1334	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
1335	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1336	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
1337	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1338	is loaded automatically.
1339
134020190125:
1341	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1342	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1343	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1344	kernel config files.
1345
134620181230:
1347	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1348	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1349	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1350	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1351
135220181220:
1353	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1354	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
1355	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1356	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1357	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1358	most NFSv4 mounts.
1359
136020181219:
1361	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1362	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1363	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1364
1365	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1366	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1367
1368	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1369	removed from the mips port.
1370
137120181211:
1372	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1373	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1374	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1375	or higher.
1376
137720181211:
1378	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1379	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1380
138120181126:
1382	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1383	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1384	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1385	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1386
138720181123:
1388	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1389	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1390	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1391
139220181115:
1393	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1394	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1395	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1396	FreeBSD versions.
1397
139820181110:
1399	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1400	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1401	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1402
1403	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1404	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1405	being included using the command:
1406		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1407
140820181019:
1409	Stable/12 was branched created.
1410
141120181015:
1412	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1413	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1414	drm-legacy-kmod.
1415
1416	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1417	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1418	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1419	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1420	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1421	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1422	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1423	that as you will get better support.
1424
1425	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1426	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1427	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1428	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1429
1430	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1431	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1432	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1433	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1434	shortly.
1435
143620181012:
1437	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1438	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1439	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1440	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1441	be adjusted as necessary.
1442
144320181009:
1444	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1445	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1446	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1447	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1448
144920181006:
1450	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1451	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1452	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1453	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1454	encouraged.
1455
145620181002:
1457	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1458	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1459	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1460	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1461	nda device name.
1462
146320180913:
1464	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1465	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1466	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1467	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1468	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1469	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1470
147120180826:
1472	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1473	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1474	default since FreeBSD-11.
1475
147620180822:
1477	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1478	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1479	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1480
148120180818:
1482	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1483	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1484	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1485	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1486	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1487	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1488	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1489
1490	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1491	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1492
149320180815:
1494	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1495	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1496	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1497	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1498	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1499	may not be observed in a future release.
1500
150120180808:
1502	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1503	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1504	your environment.
1505
150620180731:
1507	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1508	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1509	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1510	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1511
151220180730:
1513	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1514	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1515	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1516	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1517	runtime services.
1518
151920180727:
1520	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1521	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1522	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1523
152420180723:
1525	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1526	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1527	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1528	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1529	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1530
153120180720:
1532	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1533	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1534	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1535	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1536	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1537	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1538
153920180719:
1540	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1541	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1542	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1543	boot_serial=YES
1544	boot_multicons=YES
1545	in /boot/loader.conf
1546	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1547	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1548	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1549
155020180719:
1551	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1552	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1553	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1554	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1555	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1556	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1557	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1558	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1559	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1560	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1561	by the ntpd user.
1562
156320180717:
1564	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1565
156620180711:
1567	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1568	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1569	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1570	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1571	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1572
157320180705:
1574	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1575	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1576	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1577	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1578	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1579	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1580
158120180702:
1582	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1583	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1584
158520180701:
1586	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1587	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1588	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1589	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1590	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1591	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1592	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1593
159420180630:
1595	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1596	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1597	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1598	or higher.
1599
160020180628:
1601	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1602	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1603	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1604	file.
1605
160620180612:
1607	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1608	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1609
161020180530:
1611	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1612	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1613	longer necessary.
1614
161520180530:
1616	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1617	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1618	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1619	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1620
162120180523:
1622	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1623	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1624	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1625	later than r334108.
1626
162720180517:
1628	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1629	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1630	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1631	it must be removed.
1632
163320180510:
1634	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1635	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1636	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1637	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1638	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1639	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1640	will go away.
1641
1642	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1643	workaround is necessary.
1644
164520180508:
1646	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1647	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1648	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1649	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1650
165120180504:
1652	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1653	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1654	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1655	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1656	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1657
165820180502:
1659	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1660	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1661	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1662	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1663
166420180501:
1665	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1666	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1667	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1668	be removed.
1669
167020180413:
1671	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1672	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1673	removed.
1674
167520180411:
1676	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1677	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1678	removed.
1679
168020180406:
1681	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1682	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1683	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1684	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1685	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1686
1687	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1688	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1689	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1690	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1691	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1692	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1693	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1694
1695	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1696	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1697
1698		source src {
1699			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1700		}
1701
1702	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1703	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1704	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1705
1706		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1707
1708	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1709	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1710	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1711	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1712	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1713	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1714	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1715
1716	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1717	change.
1718
171920180328:
1720	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1721	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1722	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1723
172420180323:
1725	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1726	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1727	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1728	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1729	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1730	should be as simple as:
1731
1732		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1733		$ make depend all install
1734
173520180212:
1736	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1737	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1738	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1739	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1740	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1741	provisions for backup boot methods.
1742
174320180211:
1744	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1745	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1746	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1747	imp@freebsd.org.
1748
174920180114:
1750	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1751	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1752	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1753	or higher.
1754
175520180110:
1756	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1757	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1758	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1759
1760	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1761	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1762
176320180110:
1764	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1765	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1766	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1767	remove it from kernel config files.
1768
176920180104:
1770	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1771	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1772	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1773
1774	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1775	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1776
177720180102:
1778	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1779	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1780	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1781	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1782
178320171215:
1784	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1785	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1786
178720171214:
1788	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1789	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1790	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1791	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1792
179320171125:
1794	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1795	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1796	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1797	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1798	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1799	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1800
180120171110:
1802	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1803	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1804	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1805
180620171106:
1807	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1808	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1809	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1810	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1811	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1812
181320171102:
1814	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1815	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1816	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1817	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1818	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1819	environment.
1820
182120171101:
1822	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1823	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1824	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1825	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1826	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1827	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1828	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1829	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1830	than hardcoding paths.
1831
183220171028:
1833	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1834	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1835	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1836
183720171021:
1838	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1839	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1840	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1841	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1842
184320171010:
1844	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1845	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1846
184720171005:
1848	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1849	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1850	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1851	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1852
185320171003:
1854	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1855	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1856	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1857	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1858	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1859
186020170912:
1861	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1862	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1863	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1864	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1865	/etc/ctl.conf .
1866
186720170912:
1868	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1869	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1870	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1871	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1872	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1873
187420170826:
1875	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1876	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1877
187820170825:
1879	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1880	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1881	to complete.
1882
188320170814:
1884	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1885	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1886	${TESTSDIR}.
1887
1888	Behavioral changes:
1889	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1890	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1891	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1892	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1893
1894	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1895	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1896	sandbox if successful.
1897
1898	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1899	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1900	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1901	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1902	an unprivileged user.
1903
190420170808:
1905	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1906	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1907	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1908	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1909	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1910	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1911	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1912	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1913	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1914	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1915	to which you should answer yes.
1916
191720170728:
1918	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1919	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1920	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1921	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1922	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1923
192420170722:
1925	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1926	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1927	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1928
192920170701:
1930	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1931	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1932
193320170625:
1934	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1935	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1936	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1937	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1938	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1939	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1940	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1941
194220170623:
1943	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1944	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1945	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1946	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1947	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1948	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1949
195020170620:
1951	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1952	if you require the GPL compiler.
1953
195420170619:
1955	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1956	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1957	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1958	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1959	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1960	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1961
196220170618:
1963	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1964	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1965	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1966
196720170617:
1968	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1969	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1970	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1971	followed.
1972
197320170531:
1974	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1975	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1976	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1977	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1978	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1979	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1980
198120170524:
1982	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1983	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1984	which only require one chipset support.
1985
1986	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1987
1988	if_ath_load="YES"
1989
1990	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1991	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1992	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1993
1994	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1995	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1996
1997	* load ath_hal
1998	* load the chip modules in question
1999	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
2000	* load ath_main
2001	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
2002	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
2003
2004	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
2005
200620170523:
2007	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
2008	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
2009	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
2010
2011	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
2012	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
2013	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
2014
2015	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
2016	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
2017	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
2018	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
2019	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
2020	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
2021	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
2022	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
2023
202420170424:
2025	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
2026	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
2027	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
2028
202920170420:
2030	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
2031	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
2032	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
2033
203420170413:
2035	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
2036	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
2037	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
2038	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
2039	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
2040	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
2041	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
2042
204320170407:
2044	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
2045	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
2046	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
2047	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
2048
204920170405:
2050	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
2051	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
2052	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
2053
205420170331:
2055	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
2056	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
2057	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
2058
205920170329:
2060	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
2061	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
2062
2063	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
2064	via one of the following methods:
2065	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
2066	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
2067	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
2068	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
2069
2070	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
2071
207220170316:
2073	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
2074	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
2075	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
2076	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
2077	with mmc.ko).
2078
207920170315:
2080	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
2081	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
2082	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
2083	be prefixed with colon.
2084
208520170311:
2086	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
2087	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
2088	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
2089
209020170302:
2091	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
2092	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2093	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2094
209520170221:
2096	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
2097	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
2098	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
2099	change.
2100
210120170216:
2102	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
2103	valid.
2104
210520170215:
2106	MCA bus support has been removed.
2107
210820170127:
2109	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
2110	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
2111
211220170112:
2113	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
2114	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
2115
211620170109:
2117	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
2118	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
2119	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
2120	configuration.
2121
212220161217:
2123	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
2124	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2125	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2126
212720161124:
2128	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
2129	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2130	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2131
213220161119:
2133	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
2134	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
2135	that link against it need to be recompiled.
2136
213720161030:
2138	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
2139	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
2140	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
2141	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
2142
214320161017:
2144	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
2145	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
2146	parts.
2147	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
2148	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
2149
215020161015:
2151	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
2152	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2153	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
2154	removed from base.
2155
215620161008:
2157	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
2158	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
2159	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
2160
216120161003:
2162	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
2163	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
2164
216520160924:
2166	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
2167	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
2168	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
2169	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
2170
217120160918:
2172	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
2173	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
2174	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
2175	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2176	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
2177
217820160918:
2179	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
2180
218120160908:
2182	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
2183	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
2184	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
2185	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
2186
218720160824:
2188	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
2189	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
2190	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
2191	to 1200005.
2192
219320160818:
2194	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
2195	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
2196	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
2197	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
2198	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
2199	0.
2200
220120160818:
2202	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
2203	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
2204
220520160708:
2206	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
2207
2208After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
2209from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
2210entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
2211UPDATING file.
2212
2213COMMON ITEMS:
2214
2215	General Notes
2216	-------------
2217	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2218	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2219	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2220	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2221	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2222	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2223	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2224	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2225
2226	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2227	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2228	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2229	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2230	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2231	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2232	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2233	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2234	an exception.
2235
2236	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2237	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2238	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2239	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2240	step.
2241
2242	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2243	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2244	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2245	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2246
2247	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2248	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2249	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2250	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2251	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2252	should write them with this in mind.
2253
2254	ZFS notes
2255	---------
2256	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
2257	always follow these three steps:
2258
2259	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2260	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2261
2262	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
2263	doing a zpool upgrade):
2264
2265	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
2266	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2267		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
2268	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
2269
2270	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
2271	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
2272	zpool upgrade.
2273
2274	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2275
2276	EFI notes
2277	---------
2278
2279	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
2280	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
2281	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
2282	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
2283	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
2284	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
2285	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
2286	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
2287
2288	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
2289	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
2290	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
2291	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
2292
2293	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
2294	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
2295	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
2296	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
2297
2298	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
2299
2300	To build a kernel
2301	-----------------
2302	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2303	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2304	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2305
2306	make kernel-toolchain
2307	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2308	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2309
2310	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
2311
2312	To test a kernel once
2313	---------------------
2314	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2315	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2316	debugging information) run
2317	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2318	nextboot -k testkernel
2319
2320	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2321	-----------------------------------------------------------
2322	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2323	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2324
2325	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2326	make buildworld
2327	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2328	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2329	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2330	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2331	etcupdate -p					[5]
2332	make installworld
2333	etcupdate -B					[4]
2334	make delete-old					[6]
2335	<reboot>
2336
2337	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2338	--------------------------------------------------
2339	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2340	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2341	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2342	# size.
2343
2344	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2345	<boot into -stable>
2346	make buildworld
2347	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2348	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2349	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2350	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2351	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2352	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2353	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2354	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2355	<reboot into current>
2356	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2357	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2358	<reboot>
2359
2360
2361	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2362	----------------------------------------------
2363	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2364	make buildworld					[9]
2365	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2366	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2367	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2368	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2369	etcupdate -p					[5]
2370	make installworld
2371	etcupdate -B					[4]
2372	make delete-old					[6]
2373	<reboot>
2374
2375	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2376	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2377	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2378	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2379	the UPDATING entries.
2380
2381	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2382	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2383	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2384	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2385	much fewer pitfalls.
2386
2387FOOTNOTES:
2388
2389	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2390	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2391	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2392	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2393	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2394	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2395	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2396	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2397	and effective, eg:
2398	     PORTS_MODULES+=graphics/drm-kmod graphics/nvidia-drm-kmod
2399
2400	[2] To make complete dumps on zfs(4), use bectl(8), which
2401	creates bootable snapshots of configurable depth that are
2402	selectable via the bootloader. For ufs(4), use dump(8) and
2403	restore(8).
2404
2405	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2406		fsck -p
2407		mount -u /
2408		mount -a
2409		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2410		cd src			# full path to source
2411		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2412	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2413	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2414
2415	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2416	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2417	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2418	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2419	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2420	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2421
2422	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2423	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2424	step.
2425
2426	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2427	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2428	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2429
2430	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2431	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2432	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2433	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2434	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2435	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2436	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2437	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2438
2439	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2440	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2441	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2442	for these as well.
2443
2444	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2445	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2446	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2447
2448	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2449	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2450	warn if it is improperly defined.
2451FORMAT:
2452
2453This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2454breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2455list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2456If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2457to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2458
2459Copyright information:
2460
2461Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2462
2463Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2464modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2465document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2466
2467THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2468IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2469WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2470DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2471INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2472(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2473SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2474HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2475STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2476IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2477POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2478
2479Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2480this document.
2481