xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision d5368bf3dff2b4627e2d69cce5c5dd98428fdaba)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
3420190507:
35	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
36	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
37
3820190507:
39	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
40	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_load="if_tap" or
41	kld_load="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
42	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
43	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
44	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
45
4620190418:
47	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
48	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
49	entropy:
50
51	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
52	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
53	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
54	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
55	availability properties.
56
57	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
58	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
59	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
60	initial condition, if desired.
61
62	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
63	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
64
65	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
66	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
67	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
68	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
69
7020190416:
71	The tunable "security.stack_protect.permit_nonrandom_cookies" may be
72	set to a non-zero value to boot systems that do not provide early
73	entropy.  Otherwise, such systems may see the panic message:
74	"cannot initialize stack cookies because random device is not yet
75	seeded."
76
7720190416:
78	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
79	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
80	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
81	therefore unblocked).
82
8320190404:
84	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
85	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
86	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
87	is added to the command line.
88	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
89	not affected and should continue to work.
90
9120190320:
92	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
93	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
94	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
95	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
96
9720190304:
98	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
99	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
100	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
101	or higher.
102
10320190226:
104	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
105	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
106	kernel config.
107
10820190219:
109	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
110	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
111	migrating to the drm ports.
112
11320190131:
114	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
115	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
116	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
117	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
118	is loaded automatically.
119
12020190125:
121	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
122	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
123	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
124	kernel config files.
125
12620181230:
127	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
128	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
129	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
130	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
131
13220181220:
133	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
134	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
135	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
136	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
137	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
138	most NFSv4 mounts.
139
14020181219:
141	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
142	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
143	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
144
145	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
146	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
147
148	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
149	removed from the mips port.
150
15120181211:
152	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
153	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
154	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
155	or higher.
156
15720181211:
158	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
159	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
160
16120181126:
162	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
163	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
164	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
165	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
166
16720181123:
168	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
169	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
170	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
171
17220181115:
173	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
174	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
175	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
176	FreeBSD versions.
177
17820181110:
179	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
180	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
181	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
182
183	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
184	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
185	being included using the command:
186		$ newsyslog -Nrv
187
18820181015:
189	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
190	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
191	drm-legacy-kmod.
192
193	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
194	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
195	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
196	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
197	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
198	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
199	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
200	that as you will get better support.
201
202	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
203	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
204	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
205	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
206
207	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
208	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
209	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
210	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
211	shortly.
212
21320181012:
214	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
215	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
216	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
217	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
218	be adjusted as necessary.
219
22020181009:
221	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
222	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
223	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
224	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
225
22620181006:
227	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
228	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
229	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
230	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
231	encouraged.
232
23320181002:
234	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
235	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
236	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
237	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
238	nda device name.
239
24020180913:
241	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
242	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
243	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
244	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
245	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
246	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
247
24820180826:
249	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
250	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
251	default since FreeBSD-11.
252
25320180822:
254	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
255	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
256	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
257
25820180818:
259	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
260	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
261	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
262	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
263	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
264	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
265	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
266
267	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
268	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
269
27020180815:
271	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
272	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
273	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
274	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
275	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
276	may not be observed in a future release.
277
27820180808:
279	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
280	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
281	your environment.
282
28320180731:
284	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
285	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
286	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
287	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
288
28920180730:
290	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
291	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
292	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
293	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
294	runtime services.
295
29620180727:
297	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
298	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
299	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
300
30120180723:
302	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
303	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
304	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
305	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
306	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
307
30820180720:
309	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
310	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
311	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
312	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
313	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
314	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
315
31620180719:
317	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
318	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
319	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
320	boot_serial=YES
321	boot_multicons=YES
322	in /boot/loader.conf
323	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
324	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
325	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
326
32720180719:
328	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
329	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
330	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
331	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
332	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
333	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
334	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
335	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
336	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
337	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
338	by the ntpd user.
339
34020180717:
341	Big endian arm support has been removed.
342
34320180711:
344	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
345	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
346	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
347	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
348	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
349
35020180705:
351	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
352	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
353	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
354	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
355	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
356	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
357
35820180702:
359	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
360	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
361
36220180701:
363	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
364	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
365	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
366	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
367	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
368	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
369	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
370
37120180630:
372	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
373	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
374	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
375	or higher.
376
37720180628:
378	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
379	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
380	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
381	file.
382
38320180612:
384	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
385	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
386
38720180530:
388	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
389	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
390	longer necessary.
391
39220180530:
393	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
394	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
395	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
396	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
397
39820180523:
399	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
400	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
401	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
402	later than r334108.
403
40420180517:
405	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
406	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
407	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
408	it must be removed.
409
41020180510:
411	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
412	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
413	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
414	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
415	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
416	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
417	will go away.
418
419	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
420	workaround is necessary.
421
42220180508:
423	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
424	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
425	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
426	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
427
42820180504:
429	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
430	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
431	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
432	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
433	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
434
43520180502:
436	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
437	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
438	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
439	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
440
44120180501:
442	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
443	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
444	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
445	be removed.
446
44720180413:
448	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
449	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
450	removed.
451
45220180411:
453	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
454	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
455	removed.
456
45720180406:
458	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
459	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
460	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
461	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
462	microseconds and time zone offsets.
463
464	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
465	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
466	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
467	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
468	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
469	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
470	adjustments, depending on the software used.
471
472	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
473	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
474
475		source src {
476			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
477		}
478
479	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
480	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
481	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
482
483		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
484
485	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
486	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
487	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
488	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
489	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
490	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
491	thus expected to continue to function as before.
492
493	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
494	change.
495
49620180328:
497	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
498	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
499	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
500
50120180323:
502	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
503	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
504	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
505	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
506	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
507	should be as simple as:
508
509		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
510		$ make depend all install
511
51220180212:
513	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
514	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
515	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
516	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
517	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
518	provisions for backup boot methods.
519
52020180211:
521	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
522	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
523	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
524	imp@freebsd.org.
525
52620180114:
527	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
528	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
529	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
530	or higher.
531
53220180110:
533	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
534	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
535	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
536
537	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
538        WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
539
54020180110:
541	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
542	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
543	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
544	remove it from kernel config files.
545
54620180104:
547	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
548	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
549	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
550
551	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
552	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
553
55420180102:
555	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
556	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
557	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
558	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
559
56020171215:
561	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
562	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
563
56420171214:
565	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
566	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
567	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
568	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
569
57020171125:
571	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
572	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
573	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
574	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
575	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
576	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
577
57820171110:
579	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
580	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
581	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
582
58320171106:
584	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
585	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
586	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
587	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
588	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
589
59020171102:
591	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
592	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
593	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
594	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
595	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
596	environment.
597
59820171101:
599	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
600	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
601	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
602	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
603	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
604	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
605	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
606	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
607	than hardcoding paths.
608
60920171028:
610	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
611	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
612	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
613
61420171021:
615	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
616	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
617	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
618	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
619
62020171010:
621	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
622	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
623
62420171005:
625	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
626	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
627	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
628	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
629
63020171003:
631	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
632	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
633	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
634	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
635	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
636
63720170912:
638	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
639	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
640	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
641	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
642	/etc/ctl.conf .
643
64420170912:
645	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
646	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
647	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
648	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
649	soft-float everything else should be affected.
650
65120170826:
652	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
653	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
654
65520170825:
656	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
657	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
658	to complete.
659
66020170814:
661	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
662	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
663	${TESTSDIR}.
664
665	Behavioral changes:
666	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
667	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
668	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
669	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
670
671	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
672	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
673	sandbox if successful.
674
675	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
676	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
677	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
678	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
679	an unprivileged user.
680
68120170808:
682	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
683	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
684	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
685	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
686	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
687	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
688	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
689	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
690	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
691	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
692	to which you should answer yes.
693
69420170728:
695	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
696	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
697	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
698	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
699	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
700
70120170722:
702	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
703	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
704	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
705
70620170701:
707	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
708	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
709
71020170625:
711	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
712	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
713	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
714	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
715	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
716	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
717	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
718
71920170623:
720	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
721	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
722	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
723	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
724	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
725	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
726
72720170620:
728	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
729	if you require the GPL compiler.
730
73120170618:
732	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
733	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
734	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
735
73620170617:
737	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
738	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
739	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
740	followed.
741
74220170531:
743	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
744	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
745	from ports (and recommends to install it).
746	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
747	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
748	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
749
75020170524:
751	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
752	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
753	which only require one chipset support.
754
755	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
756
757	if_ath_load="YES"
758
759	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
760	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
761	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
762
763	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
764	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
765
766	* load ath_hal
767	* load the chip modules in question
768	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
769	* load ath_main
770	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
771	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
772
773	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
774
77520170523:
776	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
777	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
778	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
779
780	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
781	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
782	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
783
784	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
785	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
786	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
787	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
788	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
789	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
790	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
791	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
792
79320170424:
794	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
795	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
796	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
797
79820170420:
799	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
800	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
801	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
802
80320170413:
804	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
805	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
806	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
807	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
808	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
809	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
810	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
811
81220170407:
813	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
814	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
815	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
816	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
817
81820170405:
819	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
820	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
821	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
822
82320170331:
824	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
825	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
826	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
827
82820170329:
829	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
830	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
831
832	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
833	via one of the following methods:
834	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
835	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
836	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
837	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
838
839	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
840
84120170316:
842	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
843	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
844	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
845	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
846	with mmc.ko).
847
84820170315:
849	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
850	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
851	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
852	be prefixed with colon.
853
85420170311:
855	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
856	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
857	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
858
85920170302:
860	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
861	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
862	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
863
86420170221:
865	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
866	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
867	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
868	change.
869
87020170216:
871	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
872	valid.
873
87420170215:
875	MCA bus support has been removed.
876
87720170127:
878	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
879	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
880
88120170112:
882	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
883	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
884
88520170109:
886	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
887	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
888	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
889	configuration.
890
89120161217:
892	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
893	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
894	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
895
89620161124:
897	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
898	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
899	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
900
90120161119:
902	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
903	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
904	that link against it need to be recompiled.
905
90620161030:
907	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
908	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
909	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
910	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
911
91220161017:
913	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
914	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
915	parts.
916	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
917	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
918
91920161015:
920	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
921	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
922	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
923	removed from base.
924
92520161008:
926	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
927	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
928	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
929
93020161003:
931	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
932	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
933
93420160924:
935	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
936	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
937	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
938	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
939
94020160918:
941	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
942	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
943	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
944	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
945	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
946
94720160918:
948	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
949
95020160908:
951	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
952	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
953	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
954	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
955
95620160824:
957	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
958	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
959	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
960	to 1200005.
961
96220160818:
963	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
964	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
965	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
966	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
967	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
968	0.
969
97020160818:
971	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
972	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
973
97420160708:
975	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
976
97720160622:
978	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
979	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
980	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
981	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
982	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
983	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
984	kernel.
985
98620160527:
987	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
988	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
989	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
990	previously contained a line like
991	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
992	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
993	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
994	generally be fine.
995
99620160523:
997	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
998	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
999	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1000	built with the old headers.
1001
100220160520:
1003	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1004	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1005	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1006	installing a new libc.
1007
100820160517:
1009	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1010	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1011	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1012	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1013	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1014	packages will be needed.
1015
1016	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1017	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1018	and the install steps.
1019
102020160510:
1021	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1022	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1023	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1024	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1025	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1026	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1027
102820160414:
1029	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1030	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1031	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1032	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1033	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1034
1035		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1036		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1037		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1038		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1039		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1040
1041	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1042	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1043	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1044	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1045	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1046	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1047	vendors work.
1048
1049	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1050	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1051		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1052	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1053	quirks entry to 0x3.
1054
105520160330:
1056	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1057	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1058	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1059
106020160317:
1061	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1062	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1063
106420160311:
1065	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1066	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1067	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1068	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1069	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1070	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1071	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1072	stale .depend files.
1073
107420160306:
1075	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1076	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1077	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1078	rebooting, e.g.:
1079
1080	make buildworld
1081	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1082	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1083	make -C sys/boot install
1084	<reboot in single user>
1085
1086	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1087	below.
1088
108920160305:
1090	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1091	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1092	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1093
109420160301:
1095	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1096	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1097	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1098	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1099	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1100	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1101
110220160226:
1103	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1104	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1105	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1106	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1107	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1108
110920160129:
1110	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1111	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1112	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1113	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1114	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1115
111620160119:
1117	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1118	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1119
112020160113:
1121	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1122	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1123	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1124
112520151216:
1126	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1127	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1128	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1129	other loaders.
1130
113120151211:
1132	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1133	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1134	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1135	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1136	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1137	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1138
113920151207:
1140	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1141	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1142	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1143	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1144	in src.conf(5).
1145
114620151130:
1147	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1148	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1149	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1150
115120151108:
1152	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1153	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1154	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1155
1156	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1157	collation results will be different.
1158
1159	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1160	locales before running make installworld.
1161
1162	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1163
116420151030:
1165	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1166	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1167
116820151020:
1169	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1170	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1171	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1172
117320151017:
1174	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1175	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1176	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1177	and 'make -N' will not.
1178
117920151012:
1180	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1181	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1182	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1183	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1184	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1185	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1186	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1187	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1188
118920151011:
1190	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1191	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1192	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1193	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1194
119520151006:
1196	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1197	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1198	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1199
120020150924:
1201	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1202	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1203	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1204	userland debug files.
1205
1206	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1207	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1208	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1209
1210	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1211	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1212
121320150827:
1214	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1215	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1216	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1217	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1218	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1219	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1220
122120150827:
1222	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1223	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1224	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1225
122620150817:
1227	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1228	them, the kernel must have
1229
1230	device	random
1231	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1232
1233	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1234	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1235	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1236	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1237
1238	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1239	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1240
124120150813:
1242	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1243	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1244	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1245
124620150810:
1247	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1248	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1249	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1250	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1251
1252	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1253	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1254	difference with this change.
1255
1256	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1257	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1258	remove that workaround.
1259
126020150809:
1261	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1262	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1263	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1264	with:
1265
1266	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1267
126820150806:
1269	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1270	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1271	loader.rc.local instead.
1272
127320150805:
1274	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1275	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1276	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1277
127820150728:
1279	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1280	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1281	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1282
1283	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1284	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1285
128620150706:
1287	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1288	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1289	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1290	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1291	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1292	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1293	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1294	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1295	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1296	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1297	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1298	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1299
130020150630:
1301	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1302	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1303
1304	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1305	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1306	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1307
1308	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1309	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1310
1311	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1312	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1313	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1314
1315	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1316	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1317	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1318	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1319
1320	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1321	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1322	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1323	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1324
1325	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1326	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1327	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1328	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1329	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1330	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1331	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1332	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1333	will never happen.
1334
133520150623:
1336	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1337	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1338
133920150616:
1340	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1341	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1342
134320150615:
1344	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1345	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1346	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1347	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1348	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1349
135020150614:
1351	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1352	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1353	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1354	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1355
135620150614:
1357	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1358	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1359	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1360	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1361	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1362	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1363	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1364
1365	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1366	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1367	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1368	   replace it with '2'.
1369	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1370	   a file path, create a new file with:
1371		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1372	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1373		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1374	5. Restart sendmail:
1375		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1376
1377	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1378	updated.
1379
138020150604:
1381	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1382	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1383	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1384	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1385	5.x.
1386
1387	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1388
138920150525:
1390	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1391	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1392	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1393
139420150521:
1395	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1396	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1397	and Pandaboard:
1398
1399	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1400	  same but content is different now
1401	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1402	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1403	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1404	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1405	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1406
140720150501:
1408	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1409	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1410	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1411
141220150423:
1413	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1414	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1415
141620150415:
1417	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1418	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1419
142020150416:
1421	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1422	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1423	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1424
142520150324:
1426	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1427	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1428	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1429	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1430
143120150315:
1432	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1433	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1434	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1435
143620150307:
1437	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1438	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1439	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1440	kernel before rebooting.
1441
144220150217:
1443	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1444	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1445	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1446	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1447	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1448	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1449
145020150210:
1451	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1452	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1453	with the new kernel.
1454
145520150131:
1456	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1457	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1458	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1459
146020150118:
1461	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1462	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1463	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1464	are not already using 3.5.0.
1465
146620150107:
1467	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1468	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1469	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1470	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1471	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1472
147320150105:
1474	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1475	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1476	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1477	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1478
147920150102:
1480	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1481	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1482
148320141231:
1484	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1485
1486	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1487	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1488	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1489	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1490	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1491	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1492	later.
1493
1494	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1495	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1496	of the box.
1497
1498	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1499	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1500	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1501	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1502
1503	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1504	the instructions for 9.x above.
1505
1506	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1507	default, and do not build clang.
1508
1509	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1510	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1511	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1512
1513	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1514	the following are most likely to appear:
1515
1516	-Wabsolute-value
1517
1518	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1519	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1520	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1521	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1522	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1523	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1524	  cast, or disable the warning.
1525
1526	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1527	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1528	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1529	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1530	  side-effects.
1531
1532	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1533	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1534
1535	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1536	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1537	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1538	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1539
1540	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1541	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1542	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1543	unreachable could be optimized away.
1544
154520141222:
1546	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1547	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1548	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1549	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1550	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1551	the utilities will report errors.
1552
155320141121:
1554	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1555	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1556	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1557	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1558	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1559	LOCAL_DIRS.
1560
156120141109:
1562	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1563	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1564
156520141104:
1566	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1567	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1568	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1569	drivers.
1570
1571	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1572	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1573	indicate what you need to do.
1574
1575	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1576	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1577	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1578
1579	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1580	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1581	  kern.vty=sc
1582
158320141102:
1584	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1585	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1586	execute it.
1587
158820141009:
1589	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1590	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1591	devel/gperf port.
1592
159320140923:
1594	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1595	contrib/pjdfstest .
1596
159720140922:
1598	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1599	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1600	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1601	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1602	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1603	their next update cycle.
1604
160520140729:
1606	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1607	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1608	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1609	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1610	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1611
161220140723:
1613	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1614	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1615
161620140719:
1617	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1618	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1619	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1620	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1621	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1622	new configuration.
1623
162420140709:
1625	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1626	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1627	them again.
1628	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1629
163020140708:
1631	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1632	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1633	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1634	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1635	requires readline.
1636
163720140702:
1638	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1639	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1640	architecture.
1641
164220140701:
1643	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1644	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1645	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1646	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1647	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1648
164920140629:
1650	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1651	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1652	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1653
165420140619:
1655	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1656	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1657	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1658
165920140606:
1660	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1661	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1662	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1663	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1664	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1665	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1666	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1667	"make installworld".
1668
1669	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1670	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1671	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1672	is run.
1673
1674	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1675	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1676	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1677	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1678	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1679
168020140512:
1681	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1682
168320140508:
1684	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1685	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1686	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1687
168820140505:
1689	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1690	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1691	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1692	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1693	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1694	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1695	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1696	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1697	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1698	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1699	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1700	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1701
1702	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1703	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1704	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1705	as well.
1706
170720140430:
1708	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1709	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1710
171120140424:
1712	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1713	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1714	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1715	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1716	build hosts for older releases.
1717
1718	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1719	r276991, respectively.
1720
172120140418:
1722	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1723	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1724	will silently lack HESIOD.
1725
172620140405:
1727	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1728	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1729	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1730	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1731	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1732	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1733	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1734	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1735	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1736	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1737	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1738	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1739
174020140306:
1741	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1742	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1743	with command line option -W.
1744
174520140226:
1746	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1747	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1748	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1749	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1750	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1751
175220140216:
1753	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1754
175520140216:
1756	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1757	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1758
175920140212:
1760	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1761	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1762	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1763	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1764	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1765
176620140204:
1767	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1768	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1769	kernel is still highly recommended.
1770
177120140131:
1772	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1773	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1774	capability mode support in kernel.
1775
177620140128:
1777	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1778	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1779	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1780	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1781	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1782
178320140110:
1784	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1785	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1786	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1787	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1788	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1789	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1790
179120131213:
1792	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1793	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1794	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1795	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1796	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1797	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1798	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1799	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1800	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1801
180220131108:
1803	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1804	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1805	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1806	should change your settings to use the latter.
1807
180820131025:
1809	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1810	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1811	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1812	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1813	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1814
181520131014:
1816	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1817	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1818	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1819	delete-old-libs":
1820	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1821	  or
1822	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1823
182420131010:
1825	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1826	revision r256279.
1827
1828COMMON ITEMS:
1829
1830	General Notes
1831	-------------
1832	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1833	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1834	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1835	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1836	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1837	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1838	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1839
1840	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1841	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1842	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1843	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1844	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1845
1846	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1847	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1848	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1849	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1850	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1851	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1852	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1853	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1854	an exception.
1855
1856	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1857	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1858	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1859	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1860
1861	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1862	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1863	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1864	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1865	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1866	should write them with this in mind.
1867
1868	ZFS notes
1869	---------
1870	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1871	these two steps:
1872
1873	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1874	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1875
1876	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1877
1878	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1879	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1880	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1881
1882	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1883
1884	To build a kernel
1885	-----------------
1886	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1887	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1888	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1889
1890	make kernel-toolchain
1891	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1892	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1893
1894	To test a kernel once
1895	---------------------
1896	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1897	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1898	debugging information) run
1899	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1900	nextboot -k testkernel
1901
1902	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1903	-----------------------------------------------------------
1904	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1905	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1906
1907	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1908	make buildworld
1909	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1910	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1911							[1]
1912	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1913	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1914	make installworld
1915	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1916	make delete-old					[6]
1917	<reboot>
1918
1919	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1920	--------------------------------------------------
1921	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1922	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1923	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1924	# size.
1925
1926	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1927	<boot into -stable>
1928	make buildworld
1929	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1930	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1931	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1932	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1933	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1934	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1935	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1936	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1937	<reboot into current>
1938	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1939	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1940	<reboot>
1941
1942
1943	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1944	----------------------------------------------
1945	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1946	make buildworld					[9]
1947	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1948	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1949							[1]
1950	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1951	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1952	make installworld
1953	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1954	make delete-old					[6]
1955	<reboot>
1956
1957	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1958	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1959	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1960	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1961	the UPDATING entries.
1962
1963	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1964	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1965	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1966	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1967	much fewer pitfalls.
1968
1969	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1970	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1971	system on reboot.
1972
1973	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1974		fsck -p
1975		mount -u /
1976		mount -a
1977		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1978		cd src			# full path to source
1979		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1980	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1981	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1982
1983	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1984	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1985	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1986	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1987	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1988	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1989	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1990
1991	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1992	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1993	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1994	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1995	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1996	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1997
1998	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1999	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2000	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2001
2002	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2003	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2004	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2005	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2006	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2007	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2008	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2009	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2010
2011	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2012	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2013	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2014	for these as well.
2015
2016	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2017	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2018	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2019
2020	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2021	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2022	warn if it is improperly defined.
2023FORMAT:
2024
2025This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2026breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2027list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2028If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2029to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2030
2031Copyright information:
2032
2033Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.
2034
2035Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2036modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2037document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2038
2039THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2040IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2041WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2042DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2043INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2044(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2045SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2046HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2047STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2048IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2049POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2050
2051Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2052this document.
2053
2054$FreeBSD$
2055