xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision d2c839eee0d5410095f5984d2126f41f4cf62a00)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020230909:
31	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
32	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
33	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
34	corresponding kernel environment variables.
35
3620230901:
37	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
38	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
39
4020230824:
41	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
42
4320230817:
44	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
45	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
46	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
47	configuration.
48
49	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
50	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
51	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
52	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
53	with the serial port at 115200.
54
5520230807:
56	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
57	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
58	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
59	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
60	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
61
6220230803:
63	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
64	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
65
6620230724:
67	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
68	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
69	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
70	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
71	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
72
7320230629:
74	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
75	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
76	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
77	file a PR and assign it to imp.
78
7920230623:
80	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
81	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
82	after upgrading.
83
8420230619:
85	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
86	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
87	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
88	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
89
90		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
91		service pf restart
92
93	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
94	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
95
9620230613:
97	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
98	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
99	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
100	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
101	already properly quoted or escaped.
102
10320230612:
104	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
105	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
106	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
107	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
108	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
109	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
110	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
111	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
112
113	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
114	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
115
11620230422:
117	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
118	using git instead.
119
12020230420:
121	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
122	eg.
123		make buildworld-jobs
124	runs
125		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
126
127	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
128
12920230316:
130	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
131	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
132	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
133	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
134	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
135	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
136	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
137	exist anymore.
138
13920230221:
140	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
141	for details.
142
14320230206:
144	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
145	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
146	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
147
14820230204:
149	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
150	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
151
15220230130:
153	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
154	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
155	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
156
15720230126:
158	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
159	system are now built unconditionally.
160
16120230113:
162	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
163	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
164
16520221212:
166	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
167	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
168
169	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
170	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
171	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
172
17320221205:
174	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
175	to reenable sendmail(8):
176
177	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
178
179	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
180
18120221204:
182	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
183	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
184	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
185	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
186	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
187	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
188
189	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
190
19120221122:
192	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
193	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
194	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
195
19620221121:
197	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
198	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
199
20020221026:
201	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
202	for pkgbase users to do:
203
204	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
205	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
206
207	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
208	installed.
209
21020221002:
211	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
212	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
213	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
214	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
215
21620220610:
217	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
218	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
219
22020211230:
221	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
222	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
223	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
224	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
225	reflect this change.
226
22720211214:
228	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
229	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
230
23120211209:
232	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
233	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
234	the coming days and weeks.
235
236	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
237	or touch
238		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
239		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
240		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
241		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
242	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
243
24420211202:
245	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
246	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
247	statement in unbound.conf:
248		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
249
250	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
251
252	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
253	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
254	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
255	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
256	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
257	such names when roaming to different homenets.
258
25920211110:
260	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
261	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
262	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
263	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
264	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
265	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
266	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
267	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
268	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
269	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
270	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
271
27220211118:
273	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
274	tree shortly.
275
27620211106:
277	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
278	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
279	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
280	may need to be modified.
281
28220211022:
283	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
284	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
285	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
286
28720211020:
288	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
289	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
290
291	# chsh -s csh
292
29320211004:
294	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
295	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
296	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
297	this change.
298
29920210923:
300	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
301	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
302	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
303	list of modules to load on their systems.
304
30520210922:
306	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
307	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
308	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
309	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
310
31120210911:
312	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
313	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
314	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
315	being loaded.
316
31720210817:
318	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
319	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
320	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
321	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
322	application-specific configuration option for applications
323	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
324
32520210811:
326	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
327	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
328
32920210730:
330	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
331	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
332	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
333	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
334
33520210729:
336	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
337	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
338	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
339
34020210716:
341	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
342	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
343	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
344
34520210715:
346	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
347	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
348	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
349	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
350	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
351	to update your sources past the above hash and do
352		% cd usr.bin/awk
353		% make clean all
354		% sudo -E make install
355	to enable building kernels again.
356
35720210708:
358	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
359	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
360	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
361
36220210707:
363	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
364	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
365
36620210624:
367	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
368	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
369	for NFSv4 mounts.
370	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
371
37220210618:
373	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
374	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
375	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
376	additions and others.
377
37820210618:
379	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
380	renamed to "untrusted".
381
38220210611:
383	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
384	please install the svn package or port.
385
38620210611:
387	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
388	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
389	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
390
39120210610:
392	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
393
39420210608:
395	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
396	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
397https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
398	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
399	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
400	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
401	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
402
40320210525:
404	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
405	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
406	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
407	detect this.
408
40920210513:
410	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
411	libraries and utilities are packaged.
412	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
413	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
414	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
415	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
416	on the system.
417
41820210426:
419	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
420	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
421	need to be rebuilt from sources.
422	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
423	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
424	is not recommended.
425
42620210411:
427	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
428	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
429	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
430	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
431	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
432	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
433
43420210330:
435	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
436	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
437	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
438	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
439
44020210225:
441	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
442	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
443	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
444
44520210128:
446	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
447	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
448	update.
449
45020210108:
451	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
452	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
453	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
454	since it was bumped so recently.
455
45620210107:
457	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
458	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
459	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
460	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
461
46220210105:
463	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
464	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
465	requires a clean build.
466
46720201223:
468	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
469	instructions can be found at
470	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
471	and other documents in that repo.
472
47320201216:
474	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
475	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
476	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
477	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
478
47920201215:
480	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
481	may be installed from ports or packages.
482
48320201124:
484	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
485	See ping(8) for details.
486
48720201108:
488	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
489	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
490	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
491
49220201030:
493	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
494	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
495	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
496	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
497	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
498
49920201026:
500	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
501	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
502	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
503	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
504	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
505	find.
506
50720200923:
508	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
509	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
510	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
511	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
512
513	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
514	command you want to un-auger the tree is
515		cd sys/amd64/conf
516		svn revert -R .
517	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
518	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
519
52020200824:
521	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
522	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
523	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
524	unless you  want to use new features.
525
526	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
527	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
528	rebuilding world may fail.
529
530	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
531	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
532
533	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
534	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
535	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
536	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
537
53820200824:
539	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
540	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
541	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
542	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
543
54420200821:
545	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
546	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
547	sources.
548
54920200817:
550	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
551	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
552
55320200816:
554	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
555	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
556	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
557	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
558
55920200810:
560	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
561	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
562	from sources, so a version bump was done.
563
56420200807:
565	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
566	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
567	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
568	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
569
57020200729:
571	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
572	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
573	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
574	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
575	continue to function.
576
577	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
578	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
579	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
580	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
581
58220200627:
583	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
584	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
585	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
586	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
587	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
588	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
589	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
590
59120200625:
592	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
593	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
594
59520200613:
596	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
597	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
598	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
599
60020200604:
601	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
602	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
603	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
604	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
605
606	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
607	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
608	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
609	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
610	/root/.shrc.
611
61220200523:
613	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
614	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
615	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
616	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
617
61820200512:
619	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
620	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
621
62220200424:
623	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
624	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
625	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
626	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
627	be functional without closefrom(2).
628
62920200414:
630	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
631	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
632	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
633	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
634	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
635	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
636
63720200310:
638	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
639	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
640	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
641	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
642
64320200309:
644	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
645	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
646	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
647
64820200301:
649	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
650
65120200229:
652	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
653	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
654	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
655
65620200229:
657	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
658	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
659
66020200229:
661	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
662	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
663	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
664	ports or packages.
665
66620200220:
667	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
668	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
669	ncurses.
670
67120200217:
672	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
673	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
674	together with their new kernel.
675
67620200212:
677	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
678	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
679	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
680
681	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
682	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
683
68420200108:
685	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
686	linker for riscv64.
687
68820200107:
689	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
690	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
691	external toolchain package.
692
69320200104:
694	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
695	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
696	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
697	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
698	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
699
70020200102:
701	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
702	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
703	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
704	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
705
70620191226:
707	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
708	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
709	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
710	ABI.
711
71220191226:
713	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
714
71520191222:
716	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
717	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
718	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
719	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
720
72120191212:
722	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
723	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
724	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
725
72620191205:
727	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
728	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
729	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
730	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
731	differences between those included in the port and those included in
732	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
733	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
734	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
735
73620191120:
737	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
738	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
739	for automounting.
740
74120191107:
742	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
743	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
744	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
745	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
746	add superio to the set.
747
74820191021:
749	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
750	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
751
75220191021:
753	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
754	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
755	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
756	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
757	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
758	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
759	completely in the future.
760
76120191009:
762	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
763	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
764	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
765	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
766	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
767	will be removed from the list.
768
76920191009:
770	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
771	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
772	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
773	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
774
77520191003:
776	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
777	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
778	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
779	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
780
78120190913:
782	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
783	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
784	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
785	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
786
78720190823:
788	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
789	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
790	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
791
79220190727:
793	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
794	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
795	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
796	your scripts, because they had no effect.
797
798	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
799	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
800	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
801	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
802	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
803
80420190713:
805	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
806	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
807	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
808	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
809	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
810	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
811	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
812
81320190620:
814	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
815	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
816	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
817	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
818
81920190612:
820	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
821	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
822	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
823	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
824
82520190608:
826	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
827	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
828	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
829
83020190513:
831	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
832	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
833	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
834	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
835	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
836	avoid running into the limit.
837
83820190507:
839	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
840	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
841
84220190507:
843	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
844	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
845	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
846	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
847	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
848	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
849
85020190418:
851	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
852	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
853	entropy:
854
855	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
856	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
857	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
858	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
859	availability properties.
860
861	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
862	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
863	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
864	initial condition, if desired.
865
866	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
867	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
868
869	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
870	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
871	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
872	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
873
87420190416:
875	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
876	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
877	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
878	therefore unblocked).
879
88020190404:
881	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
882	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
883	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
884	is added to the command line.
885	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
886	not affected and should continue to work.
887
88820190320:
889	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
890	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
891	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
892	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
893
89420190304:
895	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
896	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
897	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
898	or higher.
899
90020190226:
901	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
902	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
903	kernel config.
904
90520190219:
906	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
907	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
908	migrating to the drm ports.
909
91020190131:
911	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
912	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
913	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
914	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
915	is loaded automatically.
916
91720190125:
918	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
919	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
920	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
921	kernel config files.
922
92320181230:
924	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
925	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
926	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
927	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
928
92920181220:
930	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
931	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
932	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
933	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
934	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
935	most NFSv4 mounts.
936
93720181219:
938	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
939	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
940	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
941
942	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
943	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
944
945	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
946	removed from the mips port.
947
94820181211:
949	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
950	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
951	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
952	or higher.
953
95420181211:
955	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
956	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
957
95820181126:
959	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
960	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
961	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
962	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
963
96420181123:
965	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
966	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
967	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
968
96920181115:
970	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
971	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
972	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
973	FreeBSD versions.
974
97520181110:
976	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
977	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
978	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
979
980	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
981	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
982	being included using the command:
983		$ newsyslog -Nrv
984
98520181015:
986	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
987	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
988	drm-legacy-kmod.
989
990	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
991	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
992	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
993	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
994	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
995	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
996	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
997	that as you will get better support.
998
999	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1000	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1001	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1002	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1003
1004	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1005	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1006	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1007	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1008	shortly.
1009
101020181012:
1011	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1012	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1013	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1014	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1015	be adjusted as necessary.
1016
101720181009:
1018	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1019	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1020	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1021	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1022
102320181006:
1024	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1025	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1026	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1027	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1028	encouraged.
1029
103020181002:
1031	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1032	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1033	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1034	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1035	nda device name.
1036
103720180913:
1038	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1039	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1040	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1041	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1042	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1043	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1044
104520180826:
1046	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1047	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1048	default since FreeBSD-11.
1049
105020180822:
1051	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1052	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1053	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1054
105520180818:
1056	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1057	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1058	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1059	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1060	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1061	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1062	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1063
1064	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1065	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1066
106720180815:
1068	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1069	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1070	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1071	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1072	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1073	may not be observed in a future release.
1074
107520180808:
1076	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1077	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1078	your environment.
1079
108020180731:
1081	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1082	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1083	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1084	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1085
108620180730:
1087	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1088	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1089	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1090	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1091	runtime services.
1092
109320180727:
1094	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1095	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1096	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1097
109820180723:
1099	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1100	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1101	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1102	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1103	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1104
110520180720:
1106	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1107	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1108	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1109	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1110	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1111	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1112
111320180719:
1114	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1115	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1116	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1117	boot_serial=YES
1118	boot_multicons=YES
1119	in /boot/loader.conf
1120	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1121	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1122	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1123
112420180719:
1125	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1126	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1127	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1128	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1129	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1130	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1131	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1132	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1133	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1134	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1135	by the ntpd user.
1136
113720180717:
1138	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1139
114020180711:
1141	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1142	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1143	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1144	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1145	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1146
114720180705:
1148	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1149	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1150	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1151	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1152	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1153	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1154
115520180702:
1156	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1157	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1158
115920180701:
1160	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1161	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1162	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1163	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1164	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1165	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1166	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1167
116820180630:
1169	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1170	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1171	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1172	or higher.
1173
117420180628:
1175	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1176	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1177	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1178	file.
1179
118020180612:
1181	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1182	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1183
118420180530:
1185	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1186	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1187	longer necessary.
1188
118920180530:
1190	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1191	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1192	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1193	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1194
119520180523:
1196	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1197	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1198	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1199	later than r334108.
1200
120120180517:
1202	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1203	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1204	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1205	it must be removed.
1206
120720180510:
1208	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1209	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1210	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1211	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1212	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1213	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1214	will go away.
1215
1216	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1217	workaround is necessary.
1218
121920180508:
1220	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1221	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1222	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1223	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1224
122520180504:
1226	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1227	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1228	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1229	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1230	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1231
123220180502:
1233	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1234	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1235	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1236	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1237
123820180501:
1239	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1240	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1241	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1242	be removed.
1243
124420180413:
1245	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1246	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1247	removed.
1248
124920180411:
1250	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1251	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1252	removed.
1253
125420180406:
1255	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1256	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1257	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1258	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1259	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1260
1261	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1262	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1263	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1264	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1265	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1266	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1267	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1268
1269	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1270	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1271
1272		source src {
1273			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1274		}
1275
1276	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1277	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1278	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1279
1280		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1281
1282	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1283	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1284	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1285	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1286	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1287	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1288	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1289
1290	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1291	change.
1292
129320180328:
1294	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1295	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1296	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1297
129820180323:
1299	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1300	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1301	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1302	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1303	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1304	should be as simple as:
1305
1306		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1307		$ make depend all install
1308
130920180212:
1310	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1311	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1312	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1313	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1314	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1315	provisions for backup boot methods.
1316
131720180211:
1318	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1319	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1320	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1321	imp@freebsd.org.
1322
132320180114:
1324	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1325	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1326	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1327	or higher.
1328
132920180110:
1330	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1331	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1332	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1333
1334	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1335	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1336
133720180110:
1338	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1339	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1340	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1341	remove it from kernel config files.
1342
134320180104:
1344	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1345	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1346	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1347
1348	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1349	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1350
135120180102:
1352	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1353	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1354	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1355	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1356
135720171215:
1358	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1359	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1360
136120171214:
1362	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1363	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1364	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1365	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1366
136720171125:
1368	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1369	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1370	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1371	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1372	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1373	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1374
137520171110:
1376	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1377	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1378	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1379
138020171106:
1381	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1382	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1383	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1384	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1385	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1386
138720171102:
1388	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1389	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1390	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1391	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1392	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1393	environment.
1394
139520171101:
1396	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1397	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1398	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1399	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1400	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1401	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1402	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1403	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1404	than hardcoding paths.
1405
140620171028:
1407	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1408	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1409	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1410
141120171021:
1412	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1413	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1414	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1415	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1416
141720171010:
1418	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1419	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1420
142120171005:
1422	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1423	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1424	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1425	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1426
142720171003:
1428	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1429	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1430	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1431	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1432	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1433
143420170912:
1435	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1436	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1437	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1438	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1439	/etc/ctl.conf .
1440
144120170912:
1442	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1443	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1444	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1445	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1446	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1447
144820170826:
1449	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1450	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1451
145220170825:
1453	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1454	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1455	to complete.
1456
145720170814:
1458	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1459	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1460	${TESTSDIR}.
1461
1462	Behavioral changes:
1463	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1464	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1465	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1466	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1467
1468	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1469	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1470	sandbox if successful.
1471
1472	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1473	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1474	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1475	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1476	an unprivileged user.
1477
147820170808:
1479	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1480	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1481	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1482	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1483	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1484	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1485	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1486	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1487	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1488	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1489	to which you should answer yes.
1490
149120170728:
1492	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1493	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1494	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1495	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1496	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1497
149820170722:
1499	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1500	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1501	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1502
150320170701:
1504	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1505	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1506
150720170625:
1508	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1509	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1510	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1511	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1512	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1513	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1514	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1515
151620170623:
1517	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1518	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1519	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1520	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1521	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1522	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1523
152420170620:
1525	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1526	if you require the GPL compiler.
1527
152820170618:
1529	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1530	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1531	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1532
153320170617:
1534	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1535	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1536	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1537	followed.
1538
153920170531:
1540	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1541	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1542	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1543	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1544	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1545	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1546
154720170524:
1548	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1549	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1550	which only require one chipset support.
1551
1552	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1553
1554	if_ath_load="YES"
1555
1556	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1557	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1558	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1559
1560	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1561	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1562
1563	* load ath_hal
1564	* load the chip modules in question
1565	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1566	* load ath_main
1567	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1568	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1569
1570	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1571
157220170523:
1573	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1574	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1575	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1576
1577	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1578	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1579	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1580
1581	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1582	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1583	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1584	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1585	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1586	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1587	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1588	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1589
159020170424:
1591	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1592	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1593	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1594
159520170420:
1596	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1597	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1598	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1599
160020170413:
1601	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1602	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1603	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1604	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1605	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1606	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1607	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1608
160920170407:
1610	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1611	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1612	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1613	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1614
161520170405:
1616	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1617	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1618	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1619
162020170331:
1621	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1622	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1623	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1624
162520170329:
1626	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1627	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1628
1629	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1630	via one of the following methods:
1631	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1632	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1633	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1634	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1635
1636	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1637
163820170316:
1639	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1640	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1641	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1642	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1643	with mmc.ko).
1644
164520170315:
1646	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1647	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1648	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1649	be prefixed with colon.
1650
165120170311:
1652	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1653	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1654	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1655
165620170302:
1657	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1658	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1659	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1660
166120170221:
1662	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1663	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1664	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1665	change.
1666
166720170216:
1668	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1669	valid.
1670
167120170215:
1672	MCA bus support has been removed.
1673
167420170127:
1675	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1676	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1677
167820170112:
1679	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1680	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1681
168220170109:
1683	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1684	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1685	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1686	configuration.
1687
168820161217:
1689	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1690	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1691	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1692
169320161124:
1694	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1695	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1696	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1697
169820161119:
1699	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1700	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1701	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1702
170320161030:
1704	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1705	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1706	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1707	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1708
170920161017:
1710	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1711	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1712	parts.
1713	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1714	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1715
171620161015:
1717	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1718	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1719	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1720	removed from base.
1721
172220161008:
1723	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1724	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1725	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1726
172720161003:
1728	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1729	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1730
173120160924:
1732	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1733	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1734	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1735	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1736
173720160918:
1738	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1739	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1740	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1741	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1742	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1743
174420160918:
1745	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1746
174720160908:
1748	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1749	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1750	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1751	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1752
175320160824:
1754	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1755	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1756	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1757	to 1200005.
1758
175920160818:
1760	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1761	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1762	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1763	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1764	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1765	0.
1766
176720160818:
1768	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1769	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1770
177120160708:
1772	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1773
1774After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1775from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1776entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1777UPDATING file.
1778
1779COMMON ITEMS:
1780
1781	General Notes
1782	-------------
1783	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1784	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1785	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1786	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1787	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1788	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1789	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1790	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1791
1792	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1793	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1794	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1795	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1796	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1797	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1798	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1799	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1800	an exception.
1801
1802	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1803	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1804	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1805	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1806	step.
1807
1808	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1809	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1810	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1811	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1812
1813	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1814	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1815	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1816	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1817	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1818	should write them with this in mind.
1819
1820	ZFS notes
1821	---------
1822	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1823	always follow these three steps:
1824
1825	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1826	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1827
1828	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1829	doing a zpool upgrade):
1830
1831	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1832	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1833		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1834	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1835
1836	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1837	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1838	zpool upgrade.
1839
1840	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1841
1842	EFI notes
1843	---------
1844
1845	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1846	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1847	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1848	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1849	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1850	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1851	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1852	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1853
1854	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1855	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1856	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1857	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1858
1859	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1860	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1861	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1862	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1863
1864	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1865
1866	To build a kernel
1867	-----------------
1868	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1869	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1870	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1871
1872	make kernel-toolchain
1873	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1874	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1875
1876	To test a kernel once
1877	---------------------
1878	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1879	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1880	debugging information) run
1881	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1882	nextboot -k testkernel
1883
1884	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1885	-----------------------------------------------------------
1886	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1887	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1888
1889	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1890	make buildworld
1891	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1892	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1893							[1]
1894	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1895	etcupdate -p					[5]
1896	make installworld
1897	etcupdate -B					[4]
1898	make delete-old					[6]
1899	<reboot>
1900
1901	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1902	--------------------------------------------------
1903	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1904	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1905	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1906	# size.
1907
1908	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1909	<boot into -stable>
1910	make buildworld
1911	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1912	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1913	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1914	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1915	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1916	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1917	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1918	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1919	<reboot into current>
1920	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1921	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1922	<reboot>
1923
1924
1925	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1926	----------------------------------------------
1927	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1928	make buildworld					[9]
1929	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1930	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1931							[1]
1932	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1933	etcupdate -p					[5]
1934	make installworld
1935	etcupdate -B					[4]
1936	make delete-old					[6]
1937	<reboot>
1938
1939	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1940	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1941	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1942	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1943	the UPDATING entries.
1944
1945	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1946	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1947	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1948	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1949	much fewer pitfalls.
1950
1951	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
1952	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
1953	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
1954	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
1955	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
1956	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
1957	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
1958	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
1959	and effective, eg:
1960	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
1961
1962	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1963		fsck -p
1964		mount -u /
1965		mount -a
1966		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1967		cd src			# full path to source
1968		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1969	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
1970	into single user mode to do the installworld.
1971
1972	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1973	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1974	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1975	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1976	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1977	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
1978
1979	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1980	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1981	step.
1982
1983	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1984	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1985	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1986
1987	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
1988	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
1989	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
1990	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
1991	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
1992	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
1993	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
1994	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
1995
1996	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1997	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
1998	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
1999	for these as well.
2000
2001	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2002	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2003	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2004
2005	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2006	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2007	warn if it is improperly defined.
2008FORMAT:
2009
2010This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2011breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2012list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2013If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2014to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2015
2016Copyright information:
2017
2018Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2019
2020Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2021modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2022document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2023
2024THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2025IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2026WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2027DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2028INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2029(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2030SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2031HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2032STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2033IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2034POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2035
2036Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2037this document.
2038