xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision cddbc3b40812213ff00041f79174cac0be360a2a)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
3420190418:
35	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
36	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
37	entropy:
38
39	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
40	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
41	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
42	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
43	availability properties.
44
45	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
46	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
47	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
48	initial condition, if desired.
49
50	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
51	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
52
53	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
54	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
55	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
56	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
57
5820190416:
59	The tunable "security.stack_protect.permit_nonrandom_cookies" may be
60	set to a non-zero value to boot systems that do not provide early
61	entropy.  Otherwise, such systems may see the panic message:
62	"cannot initialize stack cookies because random device is not yet
63	seeded."
64
6520190416:
66	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
67	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
68	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
69	therefore unblocked).
70
7120190404:
72	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
73	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
74	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
75	is added to the command line.
76	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
77	not affected and should continue to work.
78
7920190320:
80	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
81	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
82	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
83	"options FUSE" enties in kernel config files.
84
8520190304:
86	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
87	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
88	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
89	or higher.
90
9120190226:
92	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
93	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
94	kernel config.
95
9620190219:
97	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
98	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
99	migrating to the drm ports.
100
10120190131:
102	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
103	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
104	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
105	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
106	is loaded automatically.
107
10820190125:
109	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
110	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
111	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
112	kernel config files.
113
11420181230:
115	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
116	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
117	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
118	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
119
12020181220:
121	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
122	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
123	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
124	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
125	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
126	most NFSv4 mounts.
127
12820181219:
129	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
130	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
131	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
132
133	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
134	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
135
136	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
137	removed from the mips port.
138
13920181211:
140	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
141	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
142	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
143	or higher.
144
14520181211:
146	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
147	the time with these deamons has been obsolete for over a decade.
148
14920181126:
150	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
151	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
152	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
153	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
154
15520181123:
156	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
157	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
158	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
159
16020181115:
161	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
162	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
163	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
164	FreeBSD versions.
165
16620181110:
167	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
168	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
169	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
170
171	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
172	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
173	being included using the command:
174		$ newsyslog -Nrv
175
17620181015:
177	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
178	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
179	drm-legacy-kmod.
180
181	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
182	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
183	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
184	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
185	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
186	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
187	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
188	that as you will get better support.
189
190	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
191	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
192	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
193	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
194
195	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
196	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
197	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
198	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
199	shortly.
200
20120181012:
202	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
203	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
204	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
205	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
206	be adjusted as necessary.
207
20820181009:
209	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
210	additional various API changes througout the base system.  It is
211	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
212	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
213
21420181006:
215	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
216	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
217	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
218	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
219	encouraged.
220
22120181002:
222	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
223	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
224	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
225	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
226	nda device name.
227
22820180913:
229	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
230	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
231	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
232	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
233	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
234	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
235
23620180826:
237	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
238	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
239	default since FreeBSD-11.
240
24120180822:
242	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
243	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
244	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
245
24620180818:
247	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
248	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
249	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
250	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
251	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
252	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
253	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
254
255	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
256	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
257
25820180815:
259	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
260	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
261	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
262	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
263	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
264	may not be observed in a future release.
265
26620180808:
267	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
268	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
269	your environment.
270
27120180731:
272	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
273	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
274	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
275	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
276
27720180730:
278	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
279	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
280	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
281	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
282	runtime services.
283
28420180727:
285	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
286	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
287	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
288
28920180723:
290	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
291	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
292	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
293	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
294	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
295
29620180720:
297	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
298	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
299	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
300	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
301	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
302	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
303
30420180719:
305	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
306	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
307	setup a framebuffer for us to use, just add :
308	boot_serial=YES
309	boot_multicons=YES
310	in /boot/loader.conf
311	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
312	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a framebuffer are that
313	u-boot will expose as an EFI framebuffer.
314
31520180719:
316	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
317	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
318	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
319	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
320	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
321	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
322	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
323	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
324	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
325	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
326	by the ntpd user.
327
32820180717:
329	Big endian arm support has been removed.
330
33120180711:
332	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
333	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
334	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
335	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
336	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
337
33820180705:
339	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
340	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
341	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
342	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
343	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
344	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
345
34620180702:
347	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
348	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
349
35020180701:
351	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
352	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
353	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
354	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
355	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
356	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
357	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
358
35920180630:
360	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
361	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
362	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
363	or higher.
364
36520180628:
366	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
367	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
368	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
369	file.
370
37120180612:
372	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
373	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
374
37520180530:
376	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
377	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
378	longer necessary.
379
38020180530:
381	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
382	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
383	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
384	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
385
38620180523:
387	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
388	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
389	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
390	later than r334108.
391
39220180517:
393	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
394	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
395	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
396	it must be removed.
397
39820180510:
399	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
400	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
401	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
402	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
403	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
404	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
405	will go away.
406
407	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
408	workaround is necessary.
409
41020180508:
411	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
412	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was aquired by Exar and
413	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
414	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
415
41620180504:
417	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
418	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
419	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
420	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
421	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
422
42320180502:
424	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
425	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
426	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
427	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
428
42920180501:
430	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
431	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
432	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
433	be removed.
434
43520180413:
436	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
437	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
438	removed.
439
44020180411:
441	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
442	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
443	removed.
444
44520180406:
446	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
447	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
448	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
449	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
450	microseconds and time zone offsets.
451
452	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
453	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
454	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
455	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
456	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
457	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
458	adjustments, depending on the software used.
459
460	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
461	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
462
463		source src {
464			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
465		}
466
467	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
468	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
469	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
470
471		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
472
473	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
474	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
475	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
476	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
477	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
478	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
479	thus expected to continue to function as before.
480
481	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
482	change.
483
48420180328:
485	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
486	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
487	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
488
48920180323:
490	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
491	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
492	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
493	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
494	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
495	should be as simple as:
496
497		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
498		$ make depend all install
499
50020180212:
501	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
502	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
503	Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
504	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
505	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
506	provisions for backup boot methods.
507
50820180211:
509	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
510	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
511	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
512	imp@freebsd.org.
513
51420180114:
515	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
516	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
517	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
518	or higher.
519
52020180110:
521	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
522	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
523	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
524
525	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
526        WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
527
52820180110:
529	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
530	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
531	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
532	remove it from kernel config files.
533
53420180104:
535	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
536	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
537	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
538
539	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
540	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
541
54220180102:
543	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
544	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
545	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
546	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
547
54820171215:
549	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
550	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
551
55220171214:
553	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
554	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
555	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
556	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
557
55820171125:
559	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
560	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
561	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
562	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
563	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
564	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
565
56620171110:
567	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
568	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
569	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
570
57120171106:
572	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
573	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
574	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
575	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
576	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
577
57820171102:
579	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
580	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
581	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
582	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
583	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
584	environment.
585
58620171101:
587	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
588	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
589	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
590	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
591	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
592	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
593	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
594	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
595	than hardcoding paths.
596
59720171028:
598	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
599	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
600	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
601
60220171021:
603	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
604	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
605	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
606	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
607
60820171010:
609	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
610	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
611
61220171005:
613	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
614	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
615	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
616	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
617
61820171003:
619	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
620	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
621	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
622	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
623	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
624
62520170912:
626	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
627	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
628	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
629	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
630	/etc/ctl.conf .
631
63220170912:
633	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
634	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
635	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
636	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
637	soft-float everything else should be affected.
638
63920170826:
640	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
641	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
642
64320170825:
644	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
645	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
646	to complete.
647
64820170814:
649	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
650	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
651	${TESTSDIR}.
652
653	Behavioral changes:
654	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
655	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
656	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
657	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
658
659	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
660	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
661	sandbox if successful.
662
663	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
664	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
665	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
666	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
667	an unprivileged user.
668
66920170808:
670	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
671	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
672	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
673	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
674	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
675	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
676	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
677	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
678	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
679	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
680	to which you should answer yes.
681
68220170728:
683	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
684	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
685	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
686	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
687	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
688
68920170722:
690	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
691	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
692	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
693
69420170701:
695	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
696	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
697
69820170625:
699	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
700	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
701	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
702	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
703	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
704	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
705	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
706
70720170623:
708	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
709	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
710	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
711	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
712	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
713	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
714
71520170620:
716	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
717	if you require the GPL compiler.
718
71920170618:
720	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
721	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
722	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
723
72420170617:
725	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
726	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
727	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
728	followed.
729
73020170531:
731	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
732	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
733	from ports (and recommends to install it).
734	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
735	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
736	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
737
73820170524:
739	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
740	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
741	which only require one chipset support.
742
743	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
744
745	if_ath_load="YES"
746
747	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
748	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
749	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
750
751	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
752	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
753
754	* load ath_hal
755	* load the chip modules in question
756	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
757	* load ath_main
758	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
759	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
760
761	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
762
76320170523:
764	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
765	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
766	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
767
768	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
769	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
770	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
771
772	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
773	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
774	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
775	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
776	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
777	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
778	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
779	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
780
78120170424:
782	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
783	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
784	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
785
78620170420:
787	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
788	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
789	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
790
79120170413:
792	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
793	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
794	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
795	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
796	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
797	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
798	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
799
80020170407:
801	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
802	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
803	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
804	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
805
80620170405:
807	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
808	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
809	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
810
81120170331:
812	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
813	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
814	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
815
81620170329:
817	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
818	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
819
820	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
821	via one of the following methods:
822	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
823	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
824	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
825	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
826
827	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
828
82920170316:
830	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
831	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
832	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
833	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
834	with mmc.ko).
835
83620170315:
837	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
838	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
839	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
840	be prefixed with colon.
841
84220170311:
843	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
844	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
845	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
846
84720170302:
848	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
849	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
850	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
851
85220170221:
853	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
854	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
855	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
856	change.
857
85820170216:
859	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
860	valid.
861
86220170215:
863	MCA bus support has been removed.
864
86520170127:
866	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
867	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
868
86920170112:
870	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
871	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
872
87320170109:
874	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
875	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
876	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
877	configuration.
878
87920161217:
880	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
881	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
882	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
883
88420161124:
885	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
886	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
887	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
888
88920161119:
890	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
891	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
892	that link against it need to be recompiled.
893
89420161030:
895	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
896	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
897	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
898	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
899
90020161017:
901	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
902	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
903	parts.
904	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
905	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
906
90720161015:
908	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
909	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
910	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
911	removed from base.
912
91320161008:
914	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
915	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
916	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
917
91820161003:
919	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
920	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
921
92220160924:
923	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
924	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
925	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
926	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
927
92820160918:
929	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
930	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
931	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
932	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
933	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
934
93520160918:
936	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
937
93820160908:
939	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
940	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
941	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
942	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
943
94420160824:
945	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
946	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
947	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
948	to 1200005.
949
95020160818:
951	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
952	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
953	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
954	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
955	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
956	0.
957
95820160818:
959	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
960	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
961
96220160708:
963	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
964
96520160622:
966	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
967	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
968	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
969	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
970	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
971	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
972	kernel.
973
97420160527:
975	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
976	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
977	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
978	previously contained a line like
979	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
980	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
981	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
982	generally be fine.
983
98420160523:
985	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
986	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
987	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
988	built with the old headers.
989
99020160520:
991	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
992	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
993	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
994	installing a new libc.
995
99620160517:
997	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
998	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
999	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1000	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1001	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1002	packages will be needed.
1003
1004	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1005	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1006	and the install steps.
1007
100820160510:
1009	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1010	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1011	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1012	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1013	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1014	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1015
101620160414:
1017	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1018	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1019	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1020	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1021	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1022
1023		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1024		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1025		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1026		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1027		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1028
1029	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1030	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1031	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1032	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1033	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1034	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1035	vendors work.
1036
1037	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1038	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1039		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1040	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1041	quirks entry to 0x3.
1042
104320160330:
1044	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1045	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1046	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1047
104820160317:
1049	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1050	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1051
105220160311:
1053	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1054	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1055	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1056	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1057	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1058	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1059	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1060	stale .depend files.
1061
106220160306:
1063	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1064	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1065	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1066	rebooting, e.g.:
1067
1068	make buildworld
1069	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1070	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1071	make -C sys/boot install
1072	<reboot in single user>
1073
1074	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1075	below.
1076
107720160305:
1078	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1079	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1080	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1081
108220160301:
1083	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1084	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1085	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1086	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1087	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1088	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1089
109020160226:
1091	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1092	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1093	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1094	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1095	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1096
109720160129:
1098	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1099	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1100	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1101	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1102	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1103
110420160119:
1105	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1106	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1107
110820160113:
1109	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1110	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1111	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1112
111320151216:
1114	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1115	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1116	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1117	other loaders.
1118
111920151211:
1120	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1121	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1122	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1123	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1124	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1125	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1126
112720151207:
1128	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1129	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1130	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1131	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1132	in src.conf(5).
1133
113420151130:
1135	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1136	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1137	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1138
113920151108:
1140	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1141	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1142	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1143
1144	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1145	collation results will be different.
1146
1147	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1148	locales before running make installworld.
1149
1150	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1151
115220151030:
1153	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1154	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1155
115620151020:
1157	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1158	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1159	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1160
116120151017:
1162	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1163	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1164	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1165	and 'make -N' will not.
1166
116720151012:
1168	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1169	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1170	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1171	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1172	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1173	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1174	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1175	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1176
117720151011:
1178	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1179	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1180	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1181	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1182
118320151006:
1184	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1185	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1186	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1187
118820150924:
1189	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1190	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1191	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1192	userland debug files.
1193
1194	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1195	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1196	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1197
1198	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1199	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1200
120120150827:
1202	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1203	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1204	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1205	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1206	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1207	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1208
120920150827:
1210	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1211	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1212	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1213
121420150817:
1215	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1216	them, the kernel must have
1217
1218	device	random
1219	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1220
1221	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1222	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1223	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1224	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1225
1226	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1227	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1228
122920150813:
1230	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1231	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1232	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1233
123420150810:
1235	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1236	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1237	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1238	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1239
1240	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1241	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1242	difference with this change.
1243
1244	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1245	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1246	remove that workaround.
1247
124820150809:
1249	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1250	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1251	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1252	with:
1253
1254	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1255
125620150806:
1257	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1258	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1259	loader.rc.local instead.
1260
126120150805:
1262	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1263	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1264	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1265
126620150728:
1267	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1268	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1269	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1270
1271	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1272	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1273
127420150706:
1275	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1276	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1277	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1278	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1279	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1280	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1281	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1282	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1283	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1284	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1285	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1286	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1287
128820150630:
1289	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1290	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1291
1292	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1293	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1294	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1295
1296	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1297	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1298
1299	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1300	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1301	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1302
1303	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1304	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1305	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1306	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1307
1308	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1309	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1310	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1311	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1312
1313	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1314	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1315	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1316	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1317	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1318	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1319	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1320	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1321	will never happen.
1322
132320150623:
1324	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1325	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1326
132720150616:
1328	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1329	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1330
133120150615:
1332	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1333	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1334	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1335	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1336	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1337
133820150614:
1339	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1340	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1341	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1342	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1343
134420150614:
1345	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1346	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1347	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1348	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1349	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1350	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1351	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1352
1353	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1354	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1355	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1356	   replace it with '2'.
1357	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1358	   a file path, create a new file with:
1359		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1360	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1361		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1362	5. Restart sendmail:
1363		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1364
1365	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1366	updated.
1367
136820150604:
1369	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1370	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1371	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1372	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1373	5.x.
1374
1375	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1376
137720150525:
1378	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1379	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1380	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1381
138220150521:
1383	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1384	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1385	and Pandaboard:
1386
1387	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1388	  same but content is different now
1389	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1390	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1391	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1392	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1393	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1394
139520150501:
1396	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1397	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1398	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1399
140020150423:
1401	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1402	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1403
140420150415:
1405	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1406	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1407
140820150416:
1409	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1410	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1411	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1412
141320150324:
1414	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1415	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1416	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1417	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1418
141920150315:
1420	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1421	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1422	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1423
142420150307:
1425	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1426	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1427	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1428	kernel before rebooting.
1429
143020150217:
1431	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1432	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1433	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1434	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1435	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1436	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1437
143820150210:
1439	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1440	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1441	with the new kernel.
1442
144320150131:
1444	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1445	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1446	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1447
144820150118:
1449	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1450	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1451	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1452	are not already using 3.5.0.
1453
145420150107:
1455	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1456	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1457	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1458	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1459	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1460
146120150105:
1462	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1463	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1464	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1465	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1466
146720150102:
1468	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1469	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1470
147120141231:
1472	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1473
1474	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1475	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1476	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1477	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1478	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1479	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1480	later.
1481
1482	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1483	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1484	of the box.
1485
1486	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1487	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1488	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1489	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1490
1491	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1492	the instructions for 9.x above.
1493
1494	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1495	default, and do not build clang.
1496
1497	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1498	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1499	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1500
1501	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1502	the following are most likely to appear:
1503
1504	-Wabsolute-value
1505
1506	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1507	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1508	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1509	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1510	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1511	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1512	  cast, or disable the warning.
1513
1514	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1515	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1516	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1517	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1518	  side-effects.
1519
1520	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1521	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1522
1523	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1524	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1525	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1526	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1527
1528	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1529	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1530	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1531	unreachable could be optimized away.
1532
153320141222:
1534	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1535	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1536	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1537	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1538	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1539	the utilities will report errors.
1540
154120141121:
1542	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1543	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1544	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1545	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1546	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1547	LOCAL_DIRS.
1548
154920141109:
1550	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1551	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1552
155320141104:
1554	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1555	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1556	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1557	drivers.
1558
1559	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1560	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1561	indicate what you need to do.
1562
1563	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1564	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1565	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1566
1567	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1568	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1569	  kern.vty=sc
1570
157120141102:
1572	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1573	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1574	execute it.
1575
157620141009:
1577	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1578	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1579	devel/gperf port.
1580
158120140923:
1582	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1583	contrib/pjdfstest .
1584
158520140922:
1586	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1587	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1588	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1589	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1590	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1591	their next update cycle.
1592
159320140729:
1594	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1595	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1596	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1597	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1598	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1599
160020140723:
1601	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1602	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1603
160420140719:
1605	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1606	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1607	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1608	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1609	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1610	new configuration.
1611
161220140709:
1613	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1614	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1615	them again.
1616	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1617
161820140708:
1619	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1620	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1621	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1622	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1623	requires readline.
1624
162520140702:
1626	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1627	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1628	architecture.
1629
163020140701:
1631	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1632	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1633	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1634	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1635	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1636
163720140629:
1638	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1639	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1640	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1641
164220140619:
1643	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1644	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1645	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1646
164720140606:
1648	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1649	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1650	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1651	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1652	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1653	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1654	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1655	"make installworld".
1656
1657	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1658	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1659	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1660	is run.
1661
1662	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1663	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1664	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1665	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1666	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1667
166820140512:
1669	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1670
167120140508:
1672	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1673	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1674	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1675
167620140505:
1677	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1678	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1679	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1680	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1681	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1682	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1683	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1684	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1685	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1686	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1687	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1688	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1689
1690	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1691	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1692	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1693	as well.
1694
169520140430:
1696	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1697	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1698
169920140424:
1700	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1701	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1702	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1703	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1704	build hosts for older releases.
1705
1706	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1707	r276991, respectively.
1708
170920140418:
1710	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1711	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1712	will silently lack HESIOD.
1713
171420140405:
1715	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1716	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1717	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1718	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1719	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1720	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1721	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1722	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1723	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1724	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1725	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1726	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1727
172820140306:
1729	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1730	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1731	with command line option -W.
1732
173320140226:
1734	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1735	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1736	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1737	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1738	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1739
174020140216:
1741	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1742
174320140216:
1744	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1745	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1746
174720140212:
1748	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1749	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1750	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1751	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1752	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1753
175420140204:
1755	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1756	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1757	kernel is still highly recommended.
1758
175920140131:
1760	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1761	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1762	capability mode support in kernel.
1763
176420140128:
1765	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1766	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1767	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1768	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1769	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1770
177120140110:
1772	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1773	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1774	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1775	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1776	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1777	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1778
177920131213:
1780	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1781	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1782	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1783	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1784	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1785	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1786	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1787	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1788	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1789
179020131108:
1791	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1792	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1793	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1794	should change your settings to use the latter.
1795
179620131025:
1797	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1798	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1799	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1800	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1801	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1802
180320131014:
1804	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1805	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1806	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1807	delete-old-libs":
1808	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1809	  or
1810	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1811
181220131010:
1813	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1814	revision r256279.
1815
1816COMMON ITEMS:
1817
1818	General Notes
1819	-------------
1820	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1821	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1822	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1823	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1824	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1825	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1826	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1827
1828	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1829	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1830	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1831	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1832	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1833
1834	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1835	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1836	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1837	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1838	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1839	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1840	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1841	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1842	an exception.
1843
1844	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1845	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1846	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1847	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1848
1849	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1850	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1851	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1852	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1853	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1854	should write them with this in mind.
1855
1856	ZFS notes
1857	---------
1858	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1859	these two steps:
1860
1861	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1862	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1863
1864	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1865
1866	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1867	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1868	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1869
1870	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1871
1872	To build a kernel
1873	-----------------
1874	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1875	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1876	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1877
1878	make kernel-toolchain
1879	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1880	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1881
1882	To test a kernel once
1883	---------------------
1884	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1885	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1886	debugging information) run
1887	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1888	nextboot -k testkernel
1889
1890	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1891	-----------------------------------------------------------
1892	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1893	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1894
1895	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1896	make buildworld
1897	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1898	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1899							[1]
1900	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1901	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1902	make installworld
1903	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1904	make delete-old					[6]
1905	<reboot>
1906
1907	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1908	--------------------------------------------------
1909	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1910	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1911	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1912	# size.
1913
1914	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1915	<boot into -stable>
1916	make buildworld
1917	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1918	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1919	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1920	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1921	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1922	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1923	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1924	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1925	<reboot into current>
1926	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1927	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1928	<reboot>
1929
1930
1931	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1932	----------------------------------------------
1933	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1934	make buildworld					[9]
1935	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1936	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1937							[1]
1938	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1939	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1940	make installworld
1941	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1942	make delete-old					[6]
1943	<reboot>
1944
1945	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1946	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1947	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1948	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1949	the UPDATING entries.
1950
1951	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1952	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1953	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1954	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1955	much fewer pitfalls.
1956
1957	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1958	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1959	system on reboot.
1960
1961	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1962		fsck -p
1963		mount -u /
1964		mount -a
1965		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1966		cd src			# full path to source
1967		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1968	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1969	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1970
1971	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1972	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1973	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1974	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1975	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1976	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1977	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1978
1979	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1980	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1981	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1982	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1983	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1984	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1985
1986	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1987	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1988	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1989
1990	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
1991	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
1992	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
1993	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
1994	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
1995	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
1996	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
1997	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
1998
1999	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2000	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2001	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2002	for these as well.
2003
2004	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2005	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2006	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2007
2008	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2009	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2010	warn if it is improperly defined.
2011FORMAT:
2012
2013This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2014breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2015list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2016If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2017to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2018
2019Copyright information:
2020
2021Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.
2022
2023Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2024modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2025document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2026
2027THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2028IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2029WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2030DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2031INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2032(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2033SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2034HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2035STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2036IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2037POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2038
2039Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2040this document.
2041
2042$FreeBSD$
2043