1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users. 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook: 8 9 http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html 10 11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 12/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 13 14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping 15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to 16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process 17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile. 18 19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW: 20 FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 21 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 22 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 23 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 24 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 25 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 26 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 27 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 28 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 29 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc 30 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely 31 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run 32 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".) 33 34 35****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ****************************** 36 37 Due to a bug in some versions of clang that's very hard to workaround in 38 the upgrade process, to upgrade to -current you must first upgrade 39 either stable/9 after r286035 or stable/10 after r286033 (including 40 10.3-RELEASE) or current after r286007 (including stable/11 and 41 11.0-RELEASE). These revisions post-date the 10.2 and 9.3 releases, so 42 you'll need to take the unusual step of upgrading to the tip of the 43 stable branch before moving to 11 or -current via a source upgrade. 44 stable/11 and 11.0-RELEASE have working newer compiler. This differs 45 from the historical situation where one could upgrade from anywhere on 46 the last couple of stable branches, so be careful. 47 48 If you're running a hybrid system on 9.x or 10.x with an updated clang 49 compiler or are using an supported external toolchain, the build system 50 will allow the upgrade. Otherwise it will print a reminder. 51 52****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ****************************** 53 5420170304: 55 Support for i486 has been dropped from the defauilt GENERIC i386 56 kernel. Users of such old processors can still build custom kernels 57 or can upgrade the processor. 58 5920170302: 60 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0. 61 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 62 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 63 6420170221: 65 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality 66 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot 67 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible 68 change. 69 7020170216: 71 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer 72 valid. 73 7420170215: 75 MCA bus support has been removed. 76 7720170127: 78 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed 79 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC. 80 8120170112: 82 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that 83 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications. 84 8520170109: 86 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via 87 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4) 88 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration. 89 9020161217: 91 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1. 92 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 93 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 94 9520161124: 96 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0. 97 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 98 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 99 10020161119: 101 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap 102 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools 103 that link against it need to be recompiled. 104 10520161030: 106 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver, 107 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware. 108 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using 109 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details. 110 11120161017: 112 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of 113 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific 114 parts. 115 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name 116 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B)) 117 11820161015: 119 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages: 120 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. 121 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was 122 removed from base. 123 12420161008: 125 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control 126 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the 127 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.) 128 12920161003: 130 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired. 131 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy. 132 13320160924: 134 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed 135 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is 136 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file 137 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so. 138 13920160918: 140 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built 141 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf. 142 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages: 143 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. 144 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base. 145 14620160918: 147 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr. 148 14920160908: 150 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into 151 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and 152 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original 153 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior. 154 15520160824: 156 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace 157 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be 158 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped 159 to 1200005. 160 16120160818: 162 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP 163 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3 164 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any 165 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be 166 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to 167 0. 168 16920160818: 170 Remove the openbsd_poll system call. 171 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 172 17320160622: 174 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with 175 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2) 176 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include 177 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the 178 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in 179 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their 180 kernel. 181 18220160527: 183 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers. 184 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using 185 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab 186 previously contained a line like 187 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should 188 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom 189 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should 190 generally be fine. 191 19220160523: 193 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and 194 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API. 195 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects 196 built with the old headers. 197 19820160520: 199 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64. 200 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these 201 functions and should be updated to the latest version before 202 installing a new libc. 203 20420160517: 205 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support 206 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system 207 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT. 208 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld 209 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New 210 packages will be needed. 211 212 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add 213 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build 214 and the install steps. 215 21620160510: 217 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to 218 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel 219 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode 220 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However, 221 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will 222 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. 223 22420160414: 225 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be 226 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the 227 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt 228 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data 229 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete: 230 231 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware. 232 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware. 233 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware 234 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares 235 o FCCT M500 all firmwares 236 237 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware 238 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for 239 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these 240 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given 241 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no 242 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above 243 vendors work. 244 245 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your 246 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting: 247 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2" 248 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the 249 quirks entry to 0x3. 250 25120160330: 252 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is 253 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has 254 been removed. See 20160311 for further details. 255 25620160317: 257 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All 258 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled. 259 26020160311: 261 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree 262 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the 263 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran 264 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before 265 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with 266 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should 267 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older 268 stale .depend files. 269 27020160306: 271 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into 272 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time, 273 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before 274 rebooting, e.g.: 275 276 make buildworld 277 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 278 make -C sys/boot install 279 <reboot in single user> 280 281 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section, 282 below. 283 28420160305: 285 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please 286 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and 287 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 288 28920160301: 290 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The 291 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed. 292 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only 293 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable 294 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the 295 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value. 296 29720160226: 298 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the 299 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a 300 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The 301 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set 302 to obtain the GNU version if necessary. 303 30420160129: 305 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That 306 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks. 307 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will 308 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be 309 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1. 310 31120160119: 312 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are 313 still available in the security/openssh-portable port. 314 31520160113: 316 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required 317 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user 318 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 319 32020151216: 321 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a 322 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp 323 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the 324 other loaders. 325 32620151211: 327 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has 328 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel, 329 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced 330 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild 331 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or 332 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding. 333 33420151207: 335 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and 336 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but 337 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed 338 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes 339 in src.conf(5). 340 34120151130: 342 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and 343 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether. 344 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 345 34620151108: 347 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of 348 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old 349 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C". 350 351 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given 352 collation results will be different. 353 354 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient 355 locales before running make installworld. 356 357 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/* 358 35920151030: 360 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring 361 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled. 362 36320151020: 364 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0. 365 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and 366 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively. 367 36820151017: 369 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into 370 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and 371 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse 372 and 'make -N' will not. 373 37420151012: 375 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster 376 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now 377 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had 378 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may 379 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install". 380 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of 381 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using 382 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior. 383 38420151011: 385 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed. 386 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases 387 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.* 388 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links. 389 39020151006: 391 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0. 392 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 393 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 394 39520150924: 396 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/, 397 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements 398 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with 399 userland debug files. 400 401 When using the supported kernel installation method the 402 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old) 403 as is done with /boot/kernel. 404 405 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing 406 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5). 407 40820150827: 409 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent 410 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts 411 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old 412 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3) 413 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your 414 rc.d scripts in /etc. 415 41620150827: 417 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl' 418 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as 419 'scrub fragment reassemble'. 420 42120150817: 422 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use 423 them, the kernel must have 424 425 device random 426 options RANDOM_LOADABLE 427 428 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko 429 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect 430 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide, 431 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient. 432 433 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to 434 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway. 435 43620150813: 437 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired. 438 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by 439 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob. 440 44120150810: 442 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the 443 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS 444 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS 445 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse. 446 447 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the 448 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant 449 difference with this change. 450 451 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by 452 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to 453 remove that workaround. 454 45520150809: 456 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed 457 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have 458 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group 459 with: 460 461 # pw groupmod video -m $USER 462 46320150806: 464 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during 465 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and 466 loader.rc.local instead. 467 46820150805: 469 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size, 470 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob 471 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools. 472 47320150728: 474 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some 475 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than 476 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing). 477 478 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater 479 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations. 480 48120150706: 482 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0 483 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by 484 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead 485 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet 486 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for 487 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration 488 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must 489 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is 490 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like 491 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old 492 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or 493 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses. 494 49520150630: 496 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now 497 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow. 498 499 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config 500 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override 501 this default. You may choose *ONE* of: 502 503 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm. 504 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver. 505 506 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people, 507 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works 508 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant. 509 510 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed 511 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building 512 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading, 513 and it is assumed you know what you need. 514 515 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the 516 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member 517 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual 518 behaviour from your security subsystems. 519 520 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device 521 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and 522 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH. 523 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set 524 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3) 525 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND 526 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to 527 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this 528 will never happen. 529 53020150623: 531 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail 532 entry below has been been committed in revision 284717. 533 53420150616: 535 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is 536 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake. 537 53820150615: 539 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry 540 below has been been committed in revision 284436. The work 541 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the 542 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration 543 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file. 544 54520150614: 546 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from 547 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf 548 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work 549 with Kyuafile and kyua. 550 55120150614: 552 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl 553 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes 554 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior 555 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit 556 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around 557 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a 558 2048 bit DH parameter by: 559 560 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc 561 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or 562 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5', 563 replace it with '2'. 564 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to 565 a file path, create a new file with: 566 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048 567 4. Rebuild the .cf file: 568 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install 569 5. Restart sendmail: 570 cd /etc/mail/; make restart 571 572 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be 573 updated. 574 57520150604: 576 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default 577 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted 578 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new, 579 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD 580 5.x. 581 582 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details. 583 58420150525: 585 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the 586 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, 587 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher. 588 58920150521: 590 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update 591 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black, 592 and Pandaboard: 593 594 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the 595 same but content is different now 596 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank) 597 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old 598 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3. 599 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is 600 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0 601 60220150501: 603 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim. 604 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff 605 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff. 606 60720150423: 608 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as 609 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored. 610 61120150415: 612 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with 613 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards. 614 61520150416: 616 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding 617 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now 618 enforced in src.libnames.mk. 619 62020150324: 621 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers 622 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4). 623 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely, 624 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively. 625 62620150315: 627 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see 628 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and 629 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher. 630 63120150307: 632 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent 633 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8) 634 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and 635 kernel before rebooting. 636 63720150217: 638 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014), 639 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately 640 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g. 641 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that 642 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random 643 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected. 644 64520150210: 646 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility 647 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work 648 with the new kernel. 649 65020150131: 651 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent 652 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8), 653 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting. 654 65520150118: 656 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix 657 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231 658 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you 659 are not already using 3.5.0. 660 66120150107: 662 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now 663 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They 664 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support. 665 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the 666 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information. 667 66820150105: 669 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control 670 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the 671 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration 672 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root. 673 67420150102: 675 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed. 676 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports. 677 67820141231: 679 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release. 680 681 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is 682 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to 683 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with 684 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler 685 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your 686 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or 687 later. 688 689 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and 690 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out 691 of the box. 692 693 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and 694 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be 695 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are 696 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++. 697 698 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow 699 the instructions for 9.x above. 700 701 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by 702 default, and do not build clang. 703 704 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to 705 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those 706 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround. 707 708 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which 709 the following are most likely to appear: 710 711 -Wabsolute-value 712 713 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++: 714 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned 715 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was 716 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are 717 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without 718 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit 719 cast, or disable the warning. 720 721 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called 722 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation. 723 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please 724 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted 725 side-effects. 726 727 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and 728 -Wundefined-bool-conversion 729 730 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while 731 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is 732 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this 733 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions. 734 735 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off 736 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result 737 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are 738 unreachable could be optimized away. 739 74020141222: 741 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER) 742 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some 743 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later. 744 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail. 745 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used, 746 the utilities will report errors. 747 74820141121: 749 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of 750 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent 751 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with 752 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent 753 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to 754 LOCAL_DIRS. 755 75620141109: 757 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith 758 has been obsolete for a very long time. 759 76020141104: 761 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings 762 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as 763 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video 764 drivers. 765 766 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf, 767 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will 768 indicate what you need to do. 769 770 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to 771 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information: 772 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons 773 774 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding 775 the following line to /boot/loader.conf: 776 kern.vty=sc 777 77820141102: 779 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite. 780 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to 781 execute it. 782 78320141009: 784 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures 785 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the 786 devel/gperf port. 787 78820140923: 789 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to 790 contrib/pjdfstest . 791 79220140922: 793 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted 794 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure 795 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports, 796 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are 797 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during 798 their next update cycle. 799 80020140729: 801 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when 802 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This 803 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from 804 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to 805 1.12.4_8 or newer. 806 80720140723: 808 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and 809 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH. 810 81120140719: 812 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address 813 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private 814 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run 815 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your 816 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the 817 new configuration. 818 81920140709: 820 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed 821 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install 822 them again. 823 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal 824 82520140708: 826 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is 827 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base 828 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The 829 devel/readline port is available for third party software that 830 requires readline. 831 83220140702: 833 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of 834 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the 835 architecture. 836 83720140701: 838 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from 839 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the 840 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full 841 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary. 842 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped. 843 84420140629: 845 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed 846 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning 847 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.) 848 84920140619: 850 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to 851 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm 852 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel. 853 85420140606: 855 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and 856 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of 857 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the 858 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private 859 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a 860 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test 861 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a 862 "make installworld". 863 864 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into 865 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the 866 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old" 867 is run. 868 869 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object 870 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures. 871 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced 872 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will 873 be removed during a clean upgrade. 874 87520140512: 876 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release. 877 87820140508: 879 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should 880 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to 881 ObsoleteFiles.inc). 882 88320140505: 884 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the 885 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old 886 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this 887 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf 888 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the 889 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual 890 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that. 891 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios, 892 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of 893 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld 894 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this 895 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree. 896 897 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk 898 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to 899 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk 900 as well. 901 90220140430: 903 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a 904 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped. 905 90620140424: 907 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls 908 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1) 909 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a 910 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for 911 build hosts for older releases. 912 913 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and 914 r276991, respectively. 915 91620140418: 917 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for 918 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds 919 will silently lack HESIOD. 920 92120140405: 922 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling 923 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented 924 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL 925 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make 926 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot. 927 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is 928 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal 929 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact. 930 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the 931 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to 932 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g: 933 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure 934 93520140306: 936 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default 937 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind 938 with command line option -W. 939 94020140226: 941 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream 942 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need 943 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps 944 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail 945 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler. 946 94720140216: 948 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release. 949 95020140216: 951 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver 952 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead. 953 95420140212: 955 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283. 956 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built 957 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility 958 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built 959 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled. 960 96120140204: 962 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum 963 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in 964 kernel is still highly recommended. 965 96620140131: 967 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as 968 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum 969 capability mode support in kernel. 970 97120140128: 972 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer 973 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for 974 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries 975 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled. 976 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006. 977 97820140110: 979 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile 980 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such 981 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during 982 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual 983 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN: 984 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f 985 98620131213: 987 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism 988 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string 989 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function. 990 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of 991 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will 992 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change. 993 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a 994 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402. 995 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004. 996 99720131108: 998 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality 999 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were 1000 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you 1001 should change your settings to use the latter. 1002 100320131025: 1004 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from 1005 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary 1006 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding 1007 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the 1008 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree. 1009 101020131014: 1011 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private. 1012 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg 1013 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make 1014 delete-old-libs": 1015 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean 1016 or 1017 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml 1018 101920131010: 1020 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head 1021 revision r256279. 1022 102320131010: 1024 The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8) 1025 configuration file. The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables 1026 for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to 1027 /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked. 1028 This is transparently backward compatible. See below about some 1029 incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details. 1030 1031 These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration 1032 file. One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate 1033 a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without 1034 running the jail(8) utility. The default pathname of the 1035 configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by 1036 using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables. 1037 1038 Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at 1039 this moment. Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name 1040 with an integer. 1041 104220130930: 1043 BIND has been removed from the base system. If all you need 1044 is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound 1045 service instead. Otherwise, several versions of BIND are 1046 available in the ports tree. The dns/bind99 port is one example. 1047 1048 With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base 1049 system. Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are 1050 in the base system. Alternatively, nslookup and dig can 1051 be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port. 1052 105320130916: 1054 With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now 1055 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to 1056 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 1057 105820130911: 1059 OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default 1060 silently trust signed SSHFP records. This can be controlled with 1061 the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting. DNSSEC support 1062 can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf. 1063 106420130906: 1065 The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++) 1066 are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system 1067 compiler. You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX 1068 options in src.conf. 1069 107020130905: 1071 The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel 1072 configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work. 1073 If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include 1074 'options PROCDESC'. 1075 107620130905: 1077 The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified 1078 in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs 1079 have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the 1080 following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is 1081 advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl, 1082 kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq. 1083 108420130903: 1085 AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc. The AES-NI module 1086 has been updated to use this support. A new gcc is required to build 1087 the aesni module on both i386 and amd64. 1088 108920130821: 1090 The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices. 1091 Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be 1092 used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG". 1093 109420130813: 1095 WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets. WITH_ICONV now 1096 enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default. 1097 WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time 1098 compatibility. Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way. 1099 If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely 1100 need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT. 1101 110220130806: 1103 INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and 1104 Illumos origin, including ZFS. If you have INVARIANTS in your 1105 kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG 1106 explicitly. 1107 DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS) 1108 locks if WITNESS option was set. Because that generated a lot of 1109 witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false 1110 positives, this is no longer done. New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS 1111 can be used to achieve the previous behavior. 1112 111320130806: 1114 Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead 1115 of time_second. Although this is not a user-visible functional 1116 change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8), 1117 rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated 1118 to r253970 or later. 1119 112020130802: 1121 find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments, 1122 instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did 1123 not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message 1124 would result: 1125 1126 find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe 1127 1128 Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented 1129 without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing 1130 directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the 1131 old as well as the new version of find. 1132 113320130726: 1134 Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed. 1135 Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs 1136 path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by 1137 slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs 1138 subdirectories must be reviewed. 1139 114020130716: 1141 The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is 1142 incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will 1143 need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel. 1144 1145 To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set. 1146 1147 NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and 1148 users are advised to upgrade. 1149 115020130709: 1151 pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it 1152 you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5). 1153 115420130709: 1155 Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able 1156 keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking 1157 statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.) 1158 115920130618: 1160 Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write 1161 to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space 1162 even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had 1163 write access to that file. 1164 116520130615: 1166 CVS has been removed from the base system. An exact copy 1167 of the code is available from the devel/cvs port. 1168 116920130613: 1170 Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake: 1171 1172 make: illegal option -- J 1173 usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable] 1174 ... 1175 *** [buildworld] Error code 2 1176 1177 this likely due to an old instance of make in 1178 ${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE}) 1179 which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if 1180 you see the above error: 1181 1182 rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH` 1183 1184 should resolve it. 1185 118620130516: 1187 Use bmake by default. 1188 Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via 1189 -DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old 1190 make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE. 1191 1192 It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command 1193 line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the 1194 command line. Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer 1195 than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent 1196 behavior in parallel build. 1197 119820130429: 1199 Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files. 1200 120120130426: 1202 The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because 1203 the IDEA patent expired. 1204 120520130426: 1206 The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed 1207 from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been 1208 enabled by default. 1209 121020130425: 1211 The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX 1212 rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in 1213 order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as 1214 install and mtree. When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where 1215 the install command does not support -l, you will need to 1216 install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required. 1217 This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster 1218 && make install). 1219 122020130404: 1221 Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since 1222 FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources. Kernel modules 1223 atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are 1224 removed. Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled 1225 and removed. 1226 122720130319: 1228 SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2) 1229 and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may 1230 automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting 1231 binaries will not work on older kernels. 1232 123320130308: 1234 CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further 1235 information, see the respective 20130304 entry). 1236 123720130304: 1238 Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout, 1239 so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions 1240 in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced 1241 by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild 1242 is requested. 1243 1244 The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64, 1245 but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE 1246 option) to save memory. To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE 1247 option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0 1248 in /boot/loader.conf. 1249 125020130301: 1251 The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64. 1252 This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system 1253 initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if 1254 a CAM target device was created. This makes a FreeBSD system 1255 unusable on 128MB or less of RAM. 1256 125720130208: 1258 A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD. Please 1259 refer to zpool-features(7) for more information. 1260 1261 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 1262 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 1263 126420130129: 1265 A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed 1266 as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch. 1267 To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default, 1268 while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild 1269 and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set. 1270 127120130121: 1272 Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build 1273 and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL 1274 make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the 1275 command line. If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs 1276 you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or 1277 /etc/src.conf. 1278 127920130118: 1280 The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an 1281 argument that is a file or path to append logs to. In the 1282 unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line 1283 and the command line contained at least two files and a target 1284 directory the first file will have logs appended to it. The -M 1285 option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its 1286 use is expected to be extremely rare. 1287 128820121223: 1289 After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS 1290 on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics. 1291 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations. 1292 129320121222: 1294 GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata. 1295 Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters, 1296 '%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to 1297 be updated. 1298 129920121217: 1300 By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved. To 1301 restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps 1302 stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf: 1303 1304 savecore_flags="" 1305 130620121201: 1307 With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now 1308 required during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to 1309 add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 1310 131120121117: 1312 The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now 1313 filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via 1314 sysctl or routing socket. This means the KAME-specific embedded scope 1315 id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application. 1316 This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid. 1317 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025. 1318 131920121105: 1320 On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default. 1321 This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang 1322 and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++, 1323 and /usr/bin/cpp. To disable this behavior and revert to building 1324 with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions 1325 of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang 1326 build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable 1327 branch point). 1328 132920121102: 1330 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its 1331 functionality now turned on by default. 1332 133320121023: 1334 The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and 1335 split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP. 1336 NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write 1337 mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes. 1338 NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current 1339 driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage. 1340 Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under 1341 consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal 1342 of the two kernel options. 1343 134420121023: 1345 The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte 1346 order. The following modules need to be recompiled together 1347 with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4), 1348 pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4). 1349 135020121022: 1351 Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The 1352 VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be 1353 recompiled. 1354 135520121018: 1356 All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from 1357 the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs, 1358 portalfs, smbfs, xfs. 1359 136020121016: 1361 The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following 1362 modules need to be recompiled together with kernel: 1363 ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4), 1364 vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4), 1365 faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4). 1366 136720121015: 1368 The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host 1369 Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver). 1370 No kernel config modifications are required, but if you 1371 load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead. 1372 137320121014: 1374 Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system. 1375 137620121013: 1377 The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed 1378 sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious 1379 problems have been reported. The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT 1380 knob has also gone. 1381 138220121006: 1383 The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet 1384 filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled 1385 with new kernel. 1386 138720121001: 1388 The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver 1389 PS-POLL and power-save support. All wireless drivers need to be 1390 recompiled to work with the new kernel. 1391 139220120913: 1393 The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number 1394 generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally. 1395 Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if 1396 needed. The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the 1397 device, so the change only affects the custom kernel 1398 configurations. 1399 140020120908: 1401 The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and 1402 snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel. 1403 140420120828: 1405 A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged 1406 to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be 1407 imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support 1408 this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5) 1409 manual page. 1410 141120120727: 1412 The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto- 1413 detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these 1414 to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 1415 141620120712: 1417 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c. Any binaries requiring 1418 libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled. Also, there are 1419 configuration changes. Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf. 1420 142120120712: 1422 The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency 1423 with other variables: 1424 kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered 1425 kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered 1426 142720120628: 1428 The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort. For now, GNU sort 1429 is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to 1430 GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT. In this case, BSD sort will be 1431 installed as "bsdsort". 1432 143320120611: 1434 A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD. 1435 Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning 1436 is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward 1437 compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS 1438 pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools 1439 is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information 1440 read the new zpool-features(5) manual page. 1441 Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information 1442 on upgrading boot ZFS pools. 1443 144420120417: 1445 The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported 1446 as contrib/jemalloc. The most disruptive API change is to 1447 /etc/malloc.conf. If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf, 1448 delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the 1449 new format after rebooting. See malloc.conf(5) for details 1450 (specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL 1451 NAMESPACE section). 1452 145320120328: 1454 Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb". mips64eb 1455 is now spelled mips64. mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32. mipseb is 1456 now spelled mips. This is to aid compatibility with third-party 1457 software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3). Little-endian 1458 settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine 1459 from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in 1460 your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine. 1461 146220120306: 1463 Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported 1464 platforms. 1465 146620120229: 1467 Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on nullfs(5). Previously 1468 nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer, 1469 as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect 1470 only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect 1471 only to the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the 1472 lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to. 1473 147420120211: 1475 The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored. 1476 If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to 1477 recompile libc again with your kernel. You still need to recompile 1478 world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already 1479 comes from 20111215. 1480 148120120114: 1482 The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr. All 1483 base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a 1484 port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either 1485 hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port. 1486 1487 An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d: 1488 rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i 1489 149020120109: 1491 panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts 1492 on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running. 1493 This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic 1494 tunable/sysctl. 1495 The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic. 1496 149720111215: 1498 The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration 1499 of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format 1500 of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages 1501 for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently 1502 not supported anymore. 1503 1504 Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User 1505 utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8), 1506 need to be recompiled. 1507 150820111122: 1509 The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to 1510 /dev/wmistat0. 1511 151220111108: 1513 The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to 1514 explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems. 1515 It is on by default for all supported platform at this present 1516 time. 1517 151820111101: 1519 The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64, 1520 i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files. 1521 152220110930: 1523 sysinstall has been removed 1524 152520110923: 1526 The stable/9 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 1527 RELENG_9 branch in CVS. 1528 1529COMMON ITEMS: 1530 1531 General Notes 1532 ------------- 1533 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1534 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1535 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1536 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1537 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1538 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1539 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1540 1541 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1542 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1543 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1544 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1545 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1546 1547 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to 1548 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then 1549 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path, 1550 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this 1551 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since 1552 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgade from 1553 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the 1554 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's 1555 an exception. 1556 1557 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before 1558 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell 1559 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your 1560 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade. 1561 1562 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes 1563 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted. 1564 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be 1565 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check 1566 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries 1567 should write them with this in mind. 1568 1569 ZFS notes 1570 --------- 1571 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1572 these two steps: 1573 1574 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1575 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1576 1577 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1578 1579 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1580 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0: 1581 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0" 1582 1583 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1584 1585 To build a kernel 1586 ----------------- 1587 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1588 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1589 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1590 1591 make kernel-toolchain 1592 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1593 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1594 1595 To test a kernel once 1596 --------------------- 1597 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1598 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1599 debugging information) run 1600 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1601 nextboot -k testkernel 1602 1603 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1604 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1605 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1606 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1607 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1608 1609 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1610 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1611 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1612 make depend 1613 make 1614 make install 1615 1616 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1617 1618 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1619 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1620 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1621 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1622 1623 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1624 make buildworld 1625 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1626 [1] 1627 <reboot in single user> [3] 1628 mergemaster -Fp [5] 1629 make installworld 1630 mergemaster -Fi [4] 1631 make delete-old [6] 1632 <reboot> 1633 1634 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1635 -------------------------------------------------- 1636 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1637 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1638 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1639 # size. 1640 1641 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1642 <boot into -stable> 1643 make buildworld 1644 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1645 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1646 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1647 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC 1648 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1649 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1650 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1651 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1652 <reboot into current> 1653 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1654 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1655 <reboot> 1656 1657 1658 To upgrade in-place from stable to current 1659 ---------------------------------------------- 1660 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1661 make buildworld [9] 1662 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1663 [1] 1664 <reboot in single user> [3] 1665 mergemaster -Fp [5] 1666 make installworld 1667 mergemaster -Fi [4] 1668 make delete-old [6] 1669 <reboot> 1670 1671 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1672 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1673 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1674 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1675 the UPDATING entries. 1676 1677 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1678 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1679 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1680 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1681 much fewer pitfalls. 1682 1683 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1684 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1685 system on reboot. 1686 1687 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1688 fsck -p 1689 mount -u / 1690 mount -a 1691 cd src 1692 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1693 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1694 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1695 1696 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1697 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1698 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1699 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1700 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1701 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1702 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1703 1704 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1705 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1706 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1707 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1708 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1709 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430. 1710 1711 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1712 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1713 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1714 1715 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1716 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1717 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1718 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1719 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1720 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1721 1722 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1723 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1724 1725 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1726 cvs prune empty directories. 1727 1728 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1729 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1730 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1731 1732 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1733 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1734 warn if it is improperly defined. 1735FORMAT: 1736 1737This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1738breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete 1739list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011. 1740If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need 1741to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. 1742 1743Copyright information: 1744 1745Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1746 1747Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1748modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1749document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1750 1751THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1752IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1753WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1754DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1755INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1756(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1757SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1758HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1759STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1760IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1761POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1762 1763Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1764this document. 1765 1766$FreeBSD$ 1767