xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision bd8277b4b2a7185c7094643f28d74ee30321b5bf)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of
16head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17older version of current is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 10.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 10.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
3420130911:
35	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
36	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
37	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
38	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
39
4020130906:
41	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
42	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
43	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
44	options in src.conf.
45
4620130905:
47	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
48	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
49	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
50	'options PROCDESC'.
51
5220130905:
53	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
54	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
55	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
56	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
57	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
58	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
59
6020130903:
61       AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
62       has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
63       the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
64
6520130827:
66        Thomas Dickey (vendor author thereof) reports that dialog(1) since
67        2011/10/18 has a bug in handling --hline. Testers and I noticed the
68        --hline is not ignored but displayed as a NULL string, regardless of
69        value. This will cause confusion in some bsdconfig dialogs where the
70        --hline is used to inform users which keybindings to use. This will
71        likewise affect any other persons relying on --hline. It also looks
72        rather strange seeing "[]" at the bottom of dialog(1) widgets when
73        passing --hline "anything". Thomas said he will have a look in a few
74        weeks. NOTE: The "[]" brackets appear with the left-edge where it
75        would normally appear given the width of text to display, but the
76        displayed text is not there (part of the bug).
77
7820130821:
79	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
80	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
81	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
82
8320130813:
84	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
85	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
86	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
87	compatability.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
88	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
89	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
90
9120130806:
92	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
93	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
94	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
95	explicitly.
96	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
97	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
98	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
99	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
100	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
101
10220130806:
103	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
104	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
105	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
106	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
107	to r253970 or later.
108
10920130802:
110	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
111	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
112	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
113	would result:
114
115	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
116
117	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
118	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
119	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
120	old as well as the new version of find.
121
12220130726:
123	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
124	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
125	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
126	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
127	subdirectories must be reviewed.
128
12920130716:
130	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
131	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
132	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
133
134	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
135
136	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
137	users are advised to upgrade.
138
13920130709:
140	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
141	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
142
14320130709:
144	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
145	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
146	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
147
14820130629:
149	Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
150	so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
151
152	NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
153	it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
154	overloading the machine.
155
15620130618:
157	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
158	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
159	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
160	write access to that file.
161
16220130615:
163	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
164	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
165
16620130613:
167	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
168
169		make: illegal option -- J
170		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
171			...
172		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
173
174	this likely due to an old instance of make in
175	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
176	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
177	you see the above error:
178
179		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
180
181	should resolve it.
182
18320130516:
184	Use bmake by default.
185	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
186	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
187	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
188
189	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
190	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
191	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
192	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
193	behavior in parallel build.
194
19520130429:
196        Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
197
19820130426:
199	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
200	the IDEA patent expired.
201
20220130426:
203	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
204	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
205	enabled by default.
206
20720130425:
208	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
209	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
210	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
211	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
212	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
213	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
214	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
215	&& make install).
216
21720130404:
218	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
219	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
220	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
221	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
222	and removed.
223
22420130319:
225	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
226	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
227	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
228	binaries will not work on older kernels.
229
23020130308:
231	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
232	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
233
23420130304:
235	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
236	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
237	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
238	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
239	is requested.
240
241	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
242	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
243	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
244	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
245	in /boot/loader.conf.
246
24720130301:
248	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
249	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
250	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
251	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
252	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
253
25420130208:
255	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
256	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
257
258	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
259	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
260
26120130129:
262	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
263	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
264	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
265	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
266	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
267
26820130121:
269	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
270	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
271	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
272	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
273	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
274	/etc/src.conf.
275
27620130118:
277	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
278	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
279	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
280	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
281	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
282	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
283	use is expected to be extremely rare.
284
28520121223:
286	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
287	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
288	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
289
29020121222:
291	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
292	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
293	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
294	be updated.
295
29620121217:
297	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
298	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
299	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
300
301		savecore_flags=""
302
30320121201:
304	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
305	depended on during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to add
306	the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
307
30820121117:
309	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
310	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
311	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
312	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
313	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
314	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
315
31620121105:
317	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
318	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
319	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
320	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
321	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
322	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
323	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
324	branch point).
325
32620121102:
327	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
328	functionality now turned on by default.
329
33020121023:
331	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
332	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
333	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
334	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
335	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
336	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
337	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
338	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
339	of the two kernel options.
340
34120121023:
342	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
343	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
344	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
345	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
346
34720121022:
348	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
349	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
350	recompiled.
351
35220121018:
353	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
354	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
355	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
356
35720121016:
358	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
359	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
360	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
361	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
362	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
363
36420121015:
365	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
366	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
367	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
368	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
369
37020121014:
371	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
372
37320121013:
374	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
375	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
376	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
377	knob has also gone.
378
37920121006:
380	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
381	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
382	with new kernel.
383
38420121001:
385	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
386	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
387	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
388
38920120913:
390	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
391	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
392	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
393	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
394	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
395	configurations.
396
39720120908:
398	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
399	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
400
40120120828:
402	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
403	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
404	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
405	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
406	manual page.
407
40820120727:
409	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
410	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
411	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
412
41320120712:
414	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
415	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
416	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
417
41820120712:
419	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
420	with other variables:
421	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
422	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
423
42420120628:
425	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
426	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
427	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
428	installed as "bsdsort".
429
43020120611:
431	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
432	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
433	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
434	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
435	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
436	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
437	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
438	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
439	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
440
44120120417:
442	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
443	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
444	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
445	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
446	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
447	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
448	NAMESPACE section).
449
45020120328:
451	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
452	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
453	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
454	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
455	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
456	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
457	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
458
45920120306:
460	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
461	platforms.
462
46320120229:
464	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
465	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
466	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
467	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
468	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
469	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
470
47120120211:
472	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
473	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
474	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
475	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
476	comes from 20111215.
477
47820120114:
479	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
480	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
481	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
482	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
483
484	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
485	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
486
48720120109:
488	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
489	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
490	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
491	tunable/sysctl.
492	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
493
49420111215:
495	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
496	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
497	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
498	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
499	not supported anymore.
500
501	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
502	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
503	need to be recompiled.
504
50520111122:
506	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
507	/dev/wmistat0.
508
50920111108:
510	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
511	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
512	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
513	time.
514
51520111101:
516	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
517	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
518
51920110930:
520	sysinstall has been removed
521
52220110923:
523	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
524	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
525
52620110913:
527	This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
528	calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
529	The first time a system is booted after this change, the
530	vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
531	main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
532	for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
533	It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
534	systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
535	To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
536	until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
537
53820110828:
539	Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
540	do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
541	to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
542	Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
543
54420110815:
545	During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
546	This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
547	issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
548	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
549
550	Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
551	special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
552	Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
553
55420110628:
555	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
556	You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
557	This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
558	versions.  Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
559
56020110608:
561	The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
562		machdep.hlt_cpus
563		machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
564	The following sysctl is retired:
565		machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
566	The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
567	online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
568	been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
569	machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
570	hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
571	Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
572	where X is an APIC ID of a CPU.  Be advised, though, that disabling
573	CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
574	may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
575	a default scheduler.
576
57720110607:
578	cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
579	a mask of CPUs.
580
58120110531:
582	Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
583	that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later.  Make sure to
584	follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
585	world.
586
58720110513:
588	Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
589
59020110503:
591	Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
592	the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
593	This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
594	drivers need to be recompiled.
595
596	Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
597	was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
598	i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
599	handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
600	branches.
601
60220110430:
603	Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
604	into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
605
60620110427:
607	The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
608	is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
609	Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
610	changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
611	commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
612	mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
613	kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
614	file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
615	NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
616	To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
617	a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
618
619	vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
620
621	in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
622	a diskless root fs use the old client.
623
62420110424:
625	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
626	CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
627	removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
628	ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
629	them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
630	where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
631	in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
632	see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
633	old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
634	compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
635	not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
636	in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
637
638	It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
639	but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
640	module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
641	still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
642	and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
643	Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
644	scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
645	them are parts of the cam module.
646
647	ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
648	To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
649	for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
650
651	No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
652	arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
653	In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
654	    options        ATA_CAM
655	    device         ahci
656	    device         mvs
657	    device         siis
658	, and instead add back:
659	    device         atadisk         # ATA disk drives
660	    device         ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
661	    device         atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
662	    device         atapifd         # ATAPI floppy drives
663	    device         atapist         # ATAPI tape drives
664
66520110423:
666	The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
667	was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
668	back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
669	both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
670	mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
671	update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
672
67320110418:
674	The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
675	related components have been removed from the base system.  If you
676	require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
677
67820110331:
679	ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
680	the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
681	contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
682	contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
683	in order to use ath on everything else.
684
685	TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
686	need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
687
68820110314:
689	As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
690	release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
691	release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
692
69320110218:
694	GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD.  This
695	is the last available version under GPLv2.  It brings a number of new
696	features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
697	4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
698	directives, and lots of other small improvements.  See the ChangeLog
699	file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
700
70120110218:
702	IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
703	compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
704	This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
705	actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
706	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
707	authentication).
708	The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
709	algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
710
71120110207:
712	Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol.  This function has
713	been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
714	globally exposed with this name.  The equivalent functionality
715	is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
716	The function remains undocumented.
717
71820110112:
719	A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
720	symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD.  Type checking
721	for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled.  Code that needs
722	UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
723	systems where the define is not present can check against
724	__FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
725
726	The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
727	in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
728	with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
729	a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
730	will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
731	are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
732
73320110103:
734	If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
735	the following warning:
736	"Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
737	unknown.  config(8) likely too old."
738	or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
739	to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
740	stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
741	install it on your system.
742
743	Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
744	between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
745	error in the first kernel build phase.  A new config on those old
746	systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
747
74820101228:
749	The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
750	it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
751	control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
752	rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
753	be recompiled.
754
75520101114:
756	Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
757	added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
758	with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
759	to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations.  This
760	means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
761	support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
762	media option.  This was implemented in the generic support that way in
763	order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
764	with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
765	from unwanted effects.  Consequently, if you used flow control with
766	one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
767	it, for example via:
768		ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
769
770	Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
771	1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
772	e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
773	advantage of it.  This means that these drivers now no longer take the
774	link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
775	has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
776		ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
777
778	Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
779	drivers supporting 1000baseT.
780
78120101111:
782	The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
783	modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
784	congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
785	space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
786	sockstat) need to be recompiled.
787
78820101002:
789	The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
790	uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
791	migrate local entries to the new format.
792
79320100928:
794	The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
795	new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
796	upstream sshd.
797
79820100915:
799	A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
800	so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
801	revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
802	on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
803	A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
804	set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
805
80620100913:
807	The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
808	$ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
809
810	The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
811	address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8).  A value
812	"ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified.  The
813	default is "AUTO".
814
815	The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
816	flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
817	corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line.  The default is "NO" for
818	security reason.  If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
819	interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
820
821	The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
822	ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
823	ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
824
82520100913:
826	DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
827	now i386 and amd64 only.
828	dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
829	kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
830	No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
831	userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
832	'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
833	to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
834
83520100725:
836	The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
837	aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
838
83920100722:
840	BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
841	default.  It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
842	less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
843	However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
844	noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
845	but not significant.  The reason is complex, the most important factor
846	is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
847	overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally.  Future work
848	on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
849	users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
850	setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
851
85220100713:
853	Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
854	configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
855	    machine powerpc powerpc
856
857	In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
858	after this change.
859
86020100713:
861	A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
862	This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
863	zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
864	For full functionality of these commands the following port must
865	be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
866
86720100429:
868	'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
869	Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
870	time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
871	of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
872	and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
873
87420100402:
875	WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
876	are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
877	affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
878	compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
879	WITH_CTF=yes").
880	When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
881	so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
882	to unwanted behavior.
883
88420100311:
885	The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
886	to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
887	configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
888	be modified accordingly.
889
89020100113:
891	The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
892	the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
893	Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
894	making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
895	The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
896	last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
897
898	All applications in the base system use utmpx.  This means only
899	local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
900	utmp database files.  These applications must be rebuilt to make
901	use of utmpx.
902
903	After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
904	log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
905	assuming their contents is of no importance anymore.  Old wtmp
906	databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
907	been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
908
90920100108:
910	Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
911	via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
912	sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
913
91420091202:
915	The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
916	rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
917	According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
918	variables are obsoleted.  Instead, the following new rc
919	variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
920
921		firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
922		firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
923		firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
924
925	The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
926
92720091125:
928	8.0-RELEASE.
929
93020091113:
931	The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
932	from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98.  This means
933	that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
934	operation of applications on the console.
935
936	The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
937	vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag.  The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
938	options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
939	cons25.
940
941	To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
942	variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
943	performed by syscons(4).
944
94520091109:
946	The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
947	Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
948	from net80211 need to be recompiled.
949
950	Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
951	build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
952	new structure.
953
95420091025:
955	The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
956	There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
957	to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
958	images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
959	your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
960	iwn5150fw.
961
96220090926:
963	The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
964	into rc.d/netif.  The changes are the following:
965
966	1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
967	   for IPv4.  For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
968	   Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
969
970	   Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
971	   understand what you are doing.  It is not needed in most cases.
972
973	   $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
974	   they are obsolete.
975
976	2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete.  Use $ipv6_prefer and
977	   "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
978
979	   If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
980	   all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
981	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  These are for backward compatibility.
982
983	3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added.  If NO, IPv6
984	   functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
985	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
986	   and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
987	   is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
988	   Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
989	   disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
990	   using ifconfig(8) like:
991
992		ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
993
994	   If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
995	   IPv6-preferred.
996
997	   The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
998
999	4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
1000	   define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  The rc(8)
1001	   scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
1002	   UP.  The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
1003	   (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
1004
100520090922:
1006	802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
1007	previous code, which was based on D3.0.
1008
100920090912:
1010	A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
1011	of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
1012	control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
1013	Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
1014	a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
1015	The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
1016
101720090910:
1018	ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
1019	mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
1020
102120090825:
1022	The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
1023	hw.bus.devctl_queue.  hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
1024	replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0.  The default for this new tunable
1025	is 1000.
1026
102720090813:
1028	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI only
1029	for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
1030	maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1031
103220090803:
1033	The stable/8 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1034	RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1035
103620090719:
1037	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1038	use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.  Bump
1039	__FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1040
104120090714:
1042	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1043	all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.  As this change
1044	breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1045
104620090713:
1047	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1048	struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1049	The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1050	needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1051	the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1052
105320090712:
1054	Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1055	<netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1056	maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1057	__FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1058	any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1059
106020090630:
1061	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1062	RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1063	may need to be adjusted.
1064
106520090629:
1066	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1067	removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1068	routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1069	with routing sockets.
1070
107120090628:
1072	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1073	FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1074	the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1075
107620090624:
1077	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1078	changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1079	options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1080	800100.
1081
108220090622:
1083	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1084	moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled.  Bump
1085	__FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1086
108720090619:
1088	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1089	respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1090	no changes should be visible.  When more than 16 groups are used, old
1091	binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1092	statically sized storage.  Recompiling will work around this, but
1093	applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1094	for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1095	number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1096
1097	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1098	truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1099	take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1100	file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1101	authentication method is used.
1102
110320090616:
1104	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.  This
1105	option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1106	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1107	LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1108	spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1109
111020090613:
1111	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1112	changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1113
111420090611:
1115	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules need to
1116	be rebuilt.
1117
111820090608:
1119	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1120	Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1121
112220090602:
1123	window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1124	installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1125
112620090601:
1127	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1128	changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1129	re-compiled.
1130
113120090601:
1132	A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8.  Network
1133	file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1134	rebuilt.
1135	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1136
113720090530:
1138	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1139	more valid.
1140
114120090530:
1142	Add VOP_ACCESSX(9).  File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1143	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1144
114520090529:
1146	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules need to be
1147	rebuilt.
1148	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1149
115020090528:
1151	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1152	introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1153	The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1154	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1155	been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1156	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1157
115820090527:
1159	Add support for hierarchical jails.  Remove global securelevel.
1160	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1161
116220090523:
1163	The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1164	need to be rebuilt.
1165	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1166
116720090523:
1168	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1169	run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1170
117120090520:
1172	The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1173	hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1174
117520090520:
1176	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1177	Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1178	of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No user-visible data structures were changed but
1179	applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1180	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1181
118220090430:
1183	The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1184	socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1185	vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw.  Most modules need to be rebuild or
1186	panics may be experienced.  World rebuild is required for
1187	correctly checking networking state from userland.
1188	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1189
119020090429:
1191	MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1192	to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1193	The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1194	follows the IPv4 implementation.
1195
1196	For kernel developers:
1197
1198	* The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1199	  ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1200	  and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1201
1202	* As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1203	  of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1204	  protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1205	  SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1206
1207	* The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1208	  the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1209	   * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1210	   * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1211	     are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1212	   * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1213	   * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1214	     for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1215	     jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1216	     multicast membership on-link.
1217	   * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1218	     its report transmissions.  However, the 'timer' argument is
1219	     preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1220
1221	* The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1222	  been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1223	  stack.
1224	  Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1225	  internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1226	  semantics.
1227
1228	* There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1229	  acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1230	  Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1231	  implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1232
1233	For application developers:
1234
1235	* The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1236	  stack.
1237
1238	* The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1239	  socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1240
1241	* There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1242	  IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1243	  before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1244	  use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1245
1246	* The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1247	  API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1248	  using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1249	  please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1250	  Multicast Source Filters'.
1251
1252	* Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1253
1254	For systems administrators:
1255
1256	* The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1257	  addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1258	  as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1259	  will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1260	  returned by getifaddrs(3).
1261
1262	* The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1263	  endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1264
1265	* The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1266	  loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1267	  to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1268	  recommended for optimal system performance.
1269
1270	* The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1271	  instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1272	  back forwarded datagrams.
1273
1274	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1275
127620090422:
1277	Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1278	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1279
128020090419:
1281	The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1282	memory allocation types, has changed.  Most modules will need to
1283	be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1284	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1285
128620090415:
1287	Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1288	This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1289	state will require a world rebuild.
1290	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1291
129220090415:
1293	Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1294	embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1295	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1296
129720090414:
1298	The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1299	Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1300	The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1301	of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1302	load balancing.
1303	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1304
130520090408:
1306	Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1307	apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1308	re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1309	kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1310	not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1311	low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1312	interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1313	mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1314
131520090407:
1316	The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1317	kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1318	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1319
132020090320:
1321	GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1322	replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1323	introduces some changes:
1324
1325	MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1326	(EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1327	to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1328
1329	BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1330	cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1331	disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1332	top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1333
1334	General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1335	whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1336	systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1337	the "386BSD" type).
1338
1339	Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1340
134120090319:
1342	The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1343	Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1344	(supported by sane).
1345
134620090319:
1347	The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1348	only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1349	The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1350	ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1351	compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1352
135320090315:
1354	Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1355	removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1356	longer supported.  In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1357	drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1358	used.
1359
136020090313:
1361	POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1362	a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1363	This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1364	they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1365
136620090313:
1367	The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1368	support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1369
137020090309:
1371	IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1372	to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1373
1374	For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1375	ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1376	and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1377
1378	Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1379	inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1380	filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1381	Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1382	multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1383	as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1384	low-level input path.  in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1385	to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1386
1387	For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1388	multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1389	will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1390	datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1391	be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1392	to preserve the existing behaviour.
1393
1394	For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1395	multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1396	that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1397	collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1398	transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1399
1400	If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1401	it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1402	enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1403	via IGMP.
1404
1405	The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1406	recompiled to reflect this.
1407	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1408
140920090309:
1410	libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1411	updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1412	update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1413	rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1414	in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1415	libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1416
141720090302:
1418	A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1419	memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1420	Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1421	of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1422	wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1423	raised to allow such segments to be created.
1424
142520090301:
1426	The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1427	network device driver modules.
1428
142920090227:
1430	The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1431	buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1432
143320090223:
1434	The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1435	module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1436	ums, ...).  The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1437	with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1438	Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1439	apply.
1440
144120090217:
1442	The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1443	defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1444	customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1445	use the new name.
1446
144720090216:
1448	xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1449	yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1450	add
1451		Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1452	to your ServerLayout section.  This will cause X to use the configured
1453	kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1454
145520090215:
1456	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1457	stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1458	problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1459	stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1460	that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1461	eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1462
1463	Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1464	redirected to the new stack's libusb20.  /etc/libmap.conf can
1465	be used for this:
1466		# Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1467		libusb-0.1.so.8	libusb20.so.1
1468
146920090209:
1470	All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1471	(eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1472	change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1473
147420090203:
1475	The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1476	addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1477	All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1478	slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1479	same interface.
1480
148120090201:
1482	INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1483	netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1484
148520090119:
1486	NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1487	GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1488	will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1489	actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1490	level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1491	"options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1492
149320090115:
1494	TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1495	New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1496	800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1497	tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1498
149920081225:
1500	ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1501	Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1502	New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1503	in next mpd5.3 release.
1504
150520081219:
1506	With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1507	the base system (it was a port).
1508
150920081216:
1510	The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1511	rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1512
151320081214:
1514	__FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1515	RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1516	The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1517	architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1518	applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1519	The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1520	none of the L2 information.
1521
152220081130:
1523	__FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1524	binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1525
1526	options	AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1527
1528	to their kernel config files when specifying:
1529
1530	device	ath_hal
1531
1532	The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1533	together with the driver in the ath module.  It is now
1534	possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1535	and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1536
153720081121:
1538	__FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1539	<machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1540	multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1541	them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1542	enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1543	packets.
1544
154520081117:
1546	A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1547	This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1548	default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1549	and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1550
155120081028:
1552	dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1553
155420081009:
1555	The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1556	been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1557	separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1558	appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1559	controller add the following to loader.conf:
1560
1561		uhci_load="YES"
1562		ehci_load="YES"
1563
156420081009:
1565	The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed.  Please keep
1566	userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1567	sync.
1568
156920081009:
1570	atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1571	driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1572	All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1573	ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1574	atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1575	atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1576	atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1577
157820080820:
1579	The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1580	implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1581	improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1582	the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1583	drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1584
1585	PCI/ISA:
1586		cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1587
1588	USB:
1589		ubser, ucycom
1590
1591	Line disciplines:
1592		ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1593
1594	Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1595	cause compilation to fail.
1596
159720080818:
1598	ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1599
160020080801:
1601	OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1602
1603	For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1604	over RSA for host and user authentication keys.  With this
1605	upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1606	DSA.  This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1607	host keys even for previously known hosts.  Users should
1608	follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1609	accepting the RSA key.
1610
1611	This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1612	option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1613	command line.
1614
1615	Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1616	authentication has been changed as well.  You may want to
1617	specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1618	behavior.
1619
162020080713:
1621	The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1622	kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1623	default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1624
1625	To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1626	uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1627	onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1628	instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1629	use the new device names.
1630
1631	When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1632	/boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1633	If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1634	at the loader prompt:
1635
1636		set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1637		set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1638		set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1639		set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1640		boot -s
1641
164220080609:
1643	The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1644	disks instead.
1645
164620080603:
1647	The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1648	to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1649	please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1650	if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1651
165220080525:
1653	ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1654	update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1655
165620080509:
1657	I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1658	See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1659	This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1660	but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1661	with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1662
166320080420:
1664	The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1665	operation on devices that are capable.  The underlying device
1666	is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1667	cloned with ifconfig.  This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1668	For example, change:
1669		ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1670	to
1671		wlans_ath0=wlan0
1672		ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1673	see rc.conf(5) for more details.  In addition, mergemaster of
1674	/etc/rc.d is highly recommended.  Simultaneous update of userland
1675	and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1676
1677	As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1678	modules were merged into the base wlan module.  All references
1679	to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1680
168120080408:
1682	psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1683	Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1684	be read back from it.  Therefore, an application is responsible
1685	for status validation and error recovery.  It is a no-op in
1686	other operation levels.
1687
168820080312:
1689	Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel.  To
1690	run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1691	be used.  The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1692	compatibility with any prior release:
1693
1694	libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1695	libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1696	libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1697
169820080301:
1699	The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1700	and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1701	kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1702	it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1703	The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1704	nonetheless.
1705
170620080229:
1707	The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1708	82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1709	split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1710	with older hardware easier to do.
1711
171220080220:
1713	The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1714	likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1715
171620080211:
1717	The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1718	increased reliability.  If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1719	mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1720	firewall rules.
1721
172220080208:
1723	Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1724	mbuf chains.
1725
172620080126:
1727	The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1728	integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1729	with huge file trees.  The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1730	through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1731	using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1732	advantage of the extended types.  At the same time, some
1733	third-party software might fail to build after this change
1734	due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1735	fts(3) structure members.  Such software should be fixed
1736	by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1737	FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1738	case that a portable fix is impossible.
1739
174020080123:
1741	To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1742	FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE.  Upgrading to -current
1743	from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1744
174520071128:
1746	The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1747	functionality is the default now.
1748
174920071118:
1750	The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1751	by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1752	keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1753	to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1754	by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1755
1756	Option	"XkbLayout" "us"
1757	Option	"XkbRules" "xorg"
1758	Option	"XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1759
176020071024:
1761	It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1762	backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1763	PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1764	broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1765	20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1766	PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1767	provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1768	IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1769	again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1770	nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1771	however.
1772
177320071020:
1774	The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1775	to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1776	used kproc_start()..
1777	I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1778	with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1779	Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1780
178120071010:
1782	RELENG_7 branched.
1783
1784COMMON ITEMS:
1785
1786	General Notes
1787	-------------
1788	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1789	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1790	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1791	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1792	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1793	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1794	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1795
1796	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1797	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1798	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1799	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1800	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1801
1802	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1803	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1804	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1805	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
1806	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1807
1808	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1809	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1810	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1811	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1812
1813	ZFS notes
1814	---------
1815	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1816	these two steps:
1817
1818	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1819	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1820
1821	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1822
1823	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1824	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1825	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1826
1827	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1828
1829	To build a kernel
1830	-----------------
1831	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1832	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1833	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1834
1835	make kernel-toolchain
1836	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1837	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1838
1839	To test a kernel once
1840	---------------------
1841	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1842	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1843	debugging information) run
1844	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1845	nextboot -k testkernel
1846
1847	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1848	--------------------------------------------------------------
1849	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
1850	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1851	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1852
1853	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1854	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1855	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1856	make depend
1857	make
1858	make install
1859
1860	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1861
1862	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1863	-----------------------------------------------------------
1864	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1865	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1866
1867	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1868	make buildworld
1869	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1870							[1]
1871	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1872	mergemaster -p					[5]
1873	make installworld
1874	mergemaster -i					[4]
1875	make delete-old					[6]
1876	<reboot>
1877
1878	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1879	--------------------------------------------------
1880	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1881	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1882	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1883	# size.
1884
1885	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1886	<boot into -stable>
1887	make buildworld
1888	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1889	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1890	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1891	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1892	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1893	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1894	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1895	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1896	<reboot into current>
1897	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1898	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1899	<reboot>
1900
1901
1902	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1903	----------------------------------------------
1904	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1905	make buildworld					[9]
1906	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1907							[1]
1908	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1909	mergemaster -p					[5]
1910	make installworld
1911	mergemaster -i					[4]
1912	make delete-old					[6]
1913	<reboot>
1914
1915	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1916	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1917	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1918	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1919	the UPDATING entries.
1920
1921	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1922	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1923	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1924	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1925	much fewer pitfalls.
1926
1927	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1928	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1929	system on reboot.
1930
1931	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1932		fsck -p
1933		mount -u /
1934		mount -a
1935		cd src
1936		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1937	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1938	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1939
1940	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1941	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1942	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1943	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1944	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1945	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1946	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1947
1948	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1949	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1950	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1951	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1952	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1953	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1954
1955	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1956	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1957	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1958
1959	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1960	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1961	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1962	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1963	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1964	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1965
1966	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1967	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1968
1969	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1970	cvs prune empty directories.
1971
1972	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1973	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1974	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1975
1976	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1977	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1978	warn if it is improperly defined.
1979FORMAT:
1980
1981This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1982breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1983list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1984If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1985to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1986
1987Copyright information:
1988
1989Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
1990
1991Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1992modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1993document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1994
1995THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1996IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1997WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1998DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1999INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2000(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2001SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2002HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2003STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2004IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2005POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2006
2007Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2008this document.
2009
2010$FreeBSD$
2011