xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision bc6f027a39c4c7c2758de8f9d185653cad757784)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920200821:
30	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
31	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
32	sources.
33
3420200817:
35	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
36	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
37
3820200816:
39	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
40	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
41	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
42	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
43
4420200810:
45	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
46	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
47	from sources, so a version bump was done.
48
4920200807:
50	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
51	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
52	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
53	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
54
5520200729:
56	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
57	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
58	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
59	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
60	continue to function.
61
62	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
63	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
64	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
65	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
66
6720200627:
68	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imorted in r362681. This
69	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
70	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
71	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
72	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
73	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
74	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
75
7620200625:
77	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
78	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
79
8020200613:
81	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
82	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
83	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
84
8520200604:
86	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
87	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
88	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
89	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
90
91	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
92	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
93	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
94	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
95	/root/.shrc.
96
9720200523:
98	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
99	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
100	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
101	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
102
10320200512:
104	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
105	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
106
10720200424:
108	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
109	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
110	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
111	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
112	be functional without closefrom(2).
113
11420200414:
115	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
116	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
117	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
118	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
119	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
120	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
121
12220200310:
123	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
124	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
125	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
126	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
127
12820200309:
129	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
130	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
131	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
132
13320200301:
134	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
135
13620200229:
137	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
138	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
139	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
140
14120200229:
142	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
143	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
144
14520200229:
146	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
147	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
148	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
149	ports or packages.
150
15120200220:
152	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
153	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
154	ncurses.
155
15620200217:
157	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
158	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
159	together with their new kernel.
160
16120200212:
162	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
163	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
164	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
165
166	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
167	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
168
16920200108:
170	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
171	linker for riscv64.
172
17320200107:
174	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
175	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
176	external toolchain package.
177
17820200104:
179	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
180	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
181	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
182	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
183	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
184
18520200102:
186	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
187	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
188	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
189	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
190
19120191226:
192	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
193	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
194	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
195	ABI.
196
19720191226:
198	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
199
20020191222:
201	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
202	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
203	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
204	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
205
20620191212:
207	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
208	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
209	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
210
21120191205:
212	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
213	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
214	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
215	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
216	differences between those included in the port and those included in
217	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
218	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
219	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
220
22120191120:
222	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
223	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
224	for automounting.
225
22620191107:
227	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
228	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
229	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
230	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
231	add superio to the set.
232
23320191021:
234	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
235	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
236
23720191021:
238	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
239	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
240	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
241	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
242	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
243	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
244	completely in the future.
245
24620191009:
247	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
248	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
249	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
250	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
251	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
252	will be removed from the list.
253
25420191009:
255	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
256	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
257	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
258	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
259
26020191003:
261	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
262	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
263	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
264	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
265
26620190913:
267	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
268	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
269	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
270	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
271
27220190823:
273	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
274	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
275	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
276
27720190727:
278	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
279	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
280	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
281	your scripts, because they had no effect.
282
283	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
284	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
285	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
286	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
287	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
288
28920190713:
290	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
291	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
292	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
293	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
294	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
295	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
296	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
297
29820190620:
299	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
300	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
301	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
302	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
303
30420190612:
305	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
306	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
307	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
308	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
309
31020190608:
311	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
312	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
313	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
314
31520190513:
316	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
317	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
318	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
319	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
320	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
321	avoid running into the limit.
322
32320190507:
324	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
325	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
326
32720190507:
328	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
329	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
330	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
331	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
332	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
333	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
334
33520190418:
336	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
337	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
338	entropy:
339
340	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
341	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
342	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
343	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
344	availability properties.
345
346	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
347	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
348	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
349	initial condition, if desired.
350
351	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
352	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
353
354	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
355	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
356	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
357	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
358
35920190416:
360	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
361	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
362	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
363	therefore unblocked).
364
36520190404:
366	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
367	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
368	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
369	is added to the command line.
370	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
371	not affected and should continue to work.
372
37320190320:
374	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
375	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
376	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
377	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
378
37920190304:
380	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
381	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
382	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
383	or higher.
384
38520190226:
386	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
387	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
388	kernel config.
389
39020190219:
391	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
392	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
393	migrating to the drm ports.
394
39520190131:
396	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
397	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
398	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
399	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
400	is loaded automatically.
401
40220190125:
403	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
404	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
405	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
406	kernel config files.
407
40820181230:
409	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
410	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
411	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
412	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
413
41420181220:
415	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
416	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
417	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
418	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
419	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
420	most NFSv4 mounts.
421
42220181219:
423	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
424	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
425	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
426
427	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
428	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
429
430	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
431	removed from the mips port.
432
43320181211:
434	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
435	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
436	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
437	or higher.
438
43920181211:
440	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
441	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
442
44320181126:
444	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
445	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
446	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
447	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
448
44920181123:
450	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
451	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
452	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
453
45420181115:
455	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
456	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
457	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
458	FreeBSD versions.
459
46020181110:
461	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
462	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
463	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
464
465	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
466	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
467	being included using the command:
468		$ newsyslog -Nrv
469
47020181015:
471	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
472	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
473	drm-legacy-kmod.
474
475	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
476	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
477	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
478	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
479	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
480	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
481	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
482	that as you will get better support.
483
484	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
485	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
486	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
487	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
488
489	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
490	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
491	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
492	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
493	shortly.
494
49520181012:
496	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
497	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
498	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
499	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
500	be adjusted as necessary.
501
50220181009:
503	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
504	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
505	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
506	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
507
50820181006:
509	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
510	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
511	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
512	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
513	encouraged.
514
51520181002:
516	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
517	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
518	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
519	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
520	nda device name.
521
52220180913:
523	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
524	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
525	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
526	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
527	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
528	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
529
53020180826:
531	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
532	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
533	default since FreeBSD-11.
534
53520180822:
536	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
537	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
538	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
539
54020180818:
541	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
542	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
543	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
544	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
545	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
546	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
547	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
548
549	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
550	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
551
55220180815:
553	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
554	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
555	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
556	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
557	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
558	may not be observed in a future release.
559
56020180808:
561	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
562	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
563	your environment.
564
56520180731:
566	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
567	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
568	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
569	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
570
57120180730:
572	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
573	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
574	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
575	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
576	runtime services.
577
57820180727:
579	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
580	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
581	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
582
58320180723:
584	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
585	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
586	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
587	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
588	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
589
59020180720:
591	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
592	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
593	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
594	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
595	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
596	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
597
59820180719:
599	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
600	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
601	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
602	boot_serial=YES
603	boot_multicons=YES
604	in /boot/loader.conf
605	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
606	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
607	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
608
60920180719:
610	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
611	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
612	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
613	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
614	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
615	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
616	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
617	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
618	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
619	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
620	by the ntpd user.
621
62220180717:
623	Big endian arm support has been removed.
624
62520180711:
626	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
627	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
628	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
629	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
630	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
631
63220180705:
633	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
634	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
635	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
636	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
637	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
638	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
639
64020180702:
641	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
642	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
643
64420180701:
645	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
646	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
647	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
648	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
649	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
650	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
651	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
652
65320180630:
654	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
655	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
656	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
657	or higher.
658
65920180628:
660	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
661	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
662	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
663	file.
664
66520180612:
666	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
667	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
668
66920180530:
670	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
671	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
672	longer necessary.
673
67420180530:
675	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
676	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
677	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
678	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
679
68020180523:
681	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
682	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
683	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
684	later than r334108.
685
68620180517:
687	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
688	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
689	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
690	it must be removed.
691
69220180510:
693	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
694	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
695	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
696	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
697	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
698	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
699	will go away.
700
701	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
702	workaround is necessary.
703
70420180508:
705	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
706	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
707	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
708	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
709
71020180504:
711	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
712	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
713	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
714	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
715	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
716
71720180502:
718	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
719	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
720	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
721	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
722
72320180501:
724	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
725	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
726	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
727	be removed.
728
72920180413:
730	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
731	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
732	removed.
733
73420180411:
735	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
736	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
737	removed.
738
73920180406:
740	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
741	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
742	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
743	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
744	microseconds and time zone offsets.
745
746	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
747	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
748	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
749	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
750	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
751	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
752	adjustments, depending on the software used.
753
754	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
755	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
756
757		source src {
758			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
759		}
760
761	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
762	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
763	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
764
765		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
766
767	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
768	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
769	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
770	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
771	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
772	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
773	thus expected to continue to function as before.
774
775	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
776	change.
777
77820180328:
779	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
780	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
781	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
782
78320180323:
784	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
785	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
786	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
787	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
788	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
789	should be as simple as:
790
791		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
792		$ make depend all install
793
79420180212:
795	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
796	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
797	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
798	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
799	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
800	provisions for backup boot methods.
801
80220180211:
803	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
804	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
805	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
806	imp@freebsd.org.
807
80820180114:
809	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
810	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
811	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
812	or higher.
813
81420180110:
815	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
816	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
817	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
818
819	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
820	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
821
82220180110:
823	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
824	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
825	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
826	remove it from kernel config files.
827
82820180104:
829	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
830	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
831	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
832
833	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
834	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
835
83620180102:
837	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
838	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
839	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
840	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
841
84220171215:
843	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
844	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
845
84620171214:
847	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
848	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
849	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
850	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
851
85220171125:
853	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
854	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
855	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
856	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
857	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
858	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
859
86020171110:
861	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
862	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
863	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
864
86520171106:
866	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
867	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
868	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
869	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
870	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
871
87220171102:
873	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
874	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
875	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
876	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
877	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
878	environment.
879
88020171101:
881	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
882	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
883	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
884	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
885	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
886	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
887	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
888	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
889	than hardcoding paths.
890
89120171028:
892	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
893	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
894	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
895
89620171021:
897	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
898	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
899	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
900	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
901
90220171010:
903	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
904	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
905
90620171005:
907	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
908	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
909	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
910	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
911
91220171003:
913	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
914	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
915	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
916	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
917	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
918
91920170912:
920	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
921	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
922	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
923	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
924	/etc/ctl.conf .
925
92620170912:
927	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
928	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
929	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
930	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
931	soft-float everything else should be affected.
932
93320170826:
934	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
935	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
936
93720170825:
938	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
939	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
940	to complete.
941
94220170814:
943	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
944	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
945	${TESTSDIR}.
946
947	Behavioral changes:
948	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
949	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
950	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
951	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
952
953	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
954	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
955	sandbox if successful.
956
957	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
958	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
959	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
960	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
961	an unprivileged user.
962
96320170808:
964	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
965	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
966	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
967	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
968	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
969	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
970	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
971	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
972	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
973	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
974	to which you should answer yes.
975
97620170728:
977	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
978	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
979	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
980	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
981	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
982
98320170722:
984	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
985	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
986	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
987
98820170701:
989	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
990	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
991
99220170625:
993	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
994	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
995	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
996	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
997	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
998	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
999	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1000
100120170623:
1002	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1003	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1004	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1005	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1006	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1007	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1008
100920170620:
1010	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1011	if you require the GPL compiler.
1012
101320170618:
1014	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1015	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1016	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1017
101820170617:
1019	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1020	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1021	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1022	followed.
1023
102420170531:
1025	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1026	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1027	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1028	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1029	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1030	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1031
103220170524:
1033	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1034	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1035	which only require one chipset support.
1036
1037	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1038
1039	if_ath_load="YES"
1040
1041	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1042	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1043	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1044
1045	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1046	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1047
1048	* load ath_hal
1049	* load the chip modules in question
1050	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1051	* load ath_main
1052	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1053	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1054
1055	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1056
105720170523:
1058	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1059	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1060	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1061
1062	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1063	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1064	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1065
1066	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1067	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1068	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1069	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1070	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1071	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1072	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1073	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1074
107520170424:
1076	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1077	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1078	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1079
108020170420:
1081	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1082	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1083	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1084
108520170413:
1086	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1087	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1088	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1089	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1090	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1091	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1092	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1093
109420170407:
1095	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1096	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1097	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1098	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1099
110020170405:
1101	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1102	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1103	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1104
110520170331:
1106	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1107	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1108	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1109
111020170329:
1111	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1112	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1113
1114	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1115	via one of the following methods:
1116	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1117	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1118	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1119	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1120
1121	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1122
112320170316:
1124	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1125	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1126	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1127	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1128	with mmc.ko).
1129
113020170315:
1131	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1132	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1133	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1134	be prefixed with colon.
1135
113620170311:
1137	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1138	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1139	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1140
114120170302:
1142	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1143	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1144	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1145
114620170221:
1147	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1148	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1149	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1150	change.
1151
115220170216:
1153	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1154	valid.
1155
115620170215:
1157	MCA bus support has been removed.
1158
115920170127:
1160	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1161	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1162
116320170112:
1164	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1165	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1166
116720170109:
1168	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1169	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1170	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1171	configuration.
1172
117320161217:
1174	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1175	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1176	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1177
117820161124:
1179	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1180	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1181	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1182
118320161119:
1184	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1185	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1186	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1187
118820161030:
1189	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1190	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1191	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1192	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1193
119420161017:
1195	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1196	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1197	parts.
1198	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1199	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1200
120120161015:
1202	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1203	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1204	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1205	removed from base.
1206
120720161008:
1208	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1209	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1210	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1211
121220161003:
1213	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1214	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1215
121620160924:
1217	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1218	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1219	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1220	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1221
122220160918:
1223	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1224	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1225	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1226	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1227	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1228
122920160918:
1230	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1231
123220160908:
1233	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1234	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1235	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1236	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1237
123820160824:
1239	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1240	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1241	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1242	to 1200005.
1243
124420160818:
1245	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1246	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1247	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1248	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1249	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1250	0.
1251
125220160818:
1253	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1254	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1255
125620160708:
1257	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1258
125920160622:
1260	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1261	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1262	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1263	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1264	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1265	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1266	kernel.
1267
126820160527:
1269	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1270	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1271	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1272	previously contained a line like
1273	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1274	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1275	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1276	generally be fine.
1277
127820160523:
1279	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1280	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1281	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1282	built with the old headers.
1283
128420160520:
1285	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1286	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1287	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1288	installing a new libc.
1289
129020160517:
1291	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1292	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1293	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1294	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1295	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1296	packages will be needed.
1297
1298	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1299	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1300	and the install steps.
1301
130220160510:
1303	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1304	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1305	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1306	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1307	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1308	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1309
131020160414:
1311	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1312	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1313	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1314	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1315	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1316
1317		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1318		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1319		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1320		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1321		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1322
1323	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1324	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1325	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1326	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1327	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1328	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1329	vendors work.
1330
1331	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1332	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1333		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1334	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1335	quirks entry to 0x3.
1336
133720160330:
1338	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1339	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1340	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1341
134220160317:
1343	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1344	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1345
134620160311:
1347	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1348	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1349	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1350	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1351	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1352	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1353	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1354	stale .depend files.
1355
135620160306:
1357	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1358	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1359	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1360	rebooting, e.g.:
1361
1362	make buildworld
1363	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1364	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1365	make -C sys/boot install
1366	<reboot in single user>
1367
1368	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1369	below.
1370
137120160305:
1372	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1373	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1374	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1375
137620160301:
1377	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1378	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1379	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1380	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1381	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1382	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1383
138420160226:
1385	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1386	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1387	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1388	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1389	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1390
139120160129:
1392	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1393	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1394	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1395	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1396	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1397
139820160119:
1399	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1400	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1401
140220160113:
1403	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1404	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1405	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1406
140720151216:
1408	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1409	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1410	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1411	other loaders.
1412
141320151211:
1414	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1415	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1416	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1417	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1418	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1419	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1420
142120151207:
1422	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1423	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1424	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1425	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1426	in src.conf(5).
1427
142820151130:
1429	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1430	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1431	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1432
143320151108:
1434	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1435	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1436	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1437
1438	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1439	collation results will be different.
1440
1441	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1442	locales before running make installworld.
1443
1444	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1445
144620151030:
1447	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1448	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1449
145020151020:
1451	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1452	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1453	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1454
145520151017:
1456	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1457	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1458	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1459	and 'make -N' will not.
1460
146120151012:
1462	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1463	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1464	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1465	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1466	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1467	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1468	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1469	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1470
147120151011:
1472	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1473	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1474	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1475	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1476
147720151006:
1478	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1479	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1480	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1481
148220150924:
1483	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1484	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1485	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1486	userland debug files.
1487
1488	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1489	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1490	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1491
1492	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1493	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1494
149520150827:
1496	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1497	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1498	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1499	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1500	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1501	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1502
150320150827:
1504	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1505	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1506	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1507
150820150817:
1509	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1510	them, the kernel must have
1511
1512	device	random
1513	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1514
1515	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1516	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1517	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1518	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1519
1520	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1521	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1522
152320150813:
1524	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1525	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1526	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1527
152820150810:
1529	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1530	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1531	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1532	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1533
1534	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1535	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1536	difference with this change.
1537
1538	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1539	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1540	remove that workaround.
1541
154220150809:
1543	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1544	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1545	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1546	with:
1547
1548	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1549
155020150806:
1551	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1552	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1553	loader.rc.local instead.
1554
155520150805:
1556	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1557	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1558	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1559
156020150728:
1561	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1562	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1563	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1564
1565	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1566	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1567
156820150706:
1569	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1570	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1571	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1572	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1573	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1574	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1575	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1576	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1577	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1578	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1579	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1580	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1581
158220150630:
1583	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1584	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1585
1586	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1587	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1588	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1589
1590	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1591	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1592
1593	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1594	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1595	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1596
1597	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1598	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1599	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1600	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1601
1602	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1603	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1604	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1605	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1606
1607	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1608	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1609	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1610	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1611	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1612	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1613	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1614	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1615	will never happen.
1616
161720150623:
1618	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1619	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1620
162120150616:
1622	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1623	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1624
162520150615:
1626	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1627	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1628	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1629	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1630	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1631
163220150614:
1633	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1634	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1635	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1636	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1637
163820150614:
1639	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1640	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1641	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1642	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1643	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1644	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1645	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1646
1647	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1648	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1649	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1650	   replace it with '2'.
1651	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1652	   a file path, create a new file with:
1653		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1654	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1655		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1656	5. Restart sendmail:
1657		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1658
1659	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1660	updated.
1661
166220150604:
1663	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1664	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1665	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1666	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1667	5.x.
1668
1669	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1670
167120150525:
1672	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1673	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1674	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1675
167620150521:
1677	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1678	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1679	and Pandaboard:
1680
1681	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1682	  same but content is different now
1683	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1684	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1685	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1686	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1687	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1688
168920150501:
1690	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1691	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1692	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1693
169420150423:
1695	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1696	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1697
169820150415:
1699	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1700	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1701
170220150416:
1703	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1704	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1705	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1706
170720150324:
1708	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1709	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1710	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1711	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1712
171320150315:
1714	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1715	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1716	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1717
171820150307:
1719	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1720	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1721	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1722	kernel before rebooting.
1723
172420150217:
1725	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1726	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1727	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1728	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1729	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1730	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1731
173220150210:
1733	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1734	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1735	with the new kernel.
1736
173720150131:
1738	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1739	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1740	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1741
174220150118:
1743	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1744	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1745	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1746	are not already using 3.5.0.
1747
174820150107:
1749	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1750	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1751	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1752	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1753	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1754
175520150105:
1756	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1757	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1758	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1759	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1760
176120150102:
1762	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1763	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1764
176520141231:
1766	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1767
1768	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1769	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1770	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1771	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1772	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1773	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1774	later.
1775
1776	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1777	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1778	of the box.
1779
1780	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1781	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1782	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1783	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1784
1785	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1786	the instructions for 9.x above.
1787
1788	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1789	default, and do not build clang.
1790
1791	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1792	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1793	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1794
1795	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1796	the following are most likely to appear:
1797
1798	-Wabsolute-value
1799
1800	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1801	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1802	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1803	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1804	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1805	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1806	  cast, or disable the warning.
1807
1808	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1809	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1810	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1811	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1812	  side-effects.
1813
1814	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1815	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1816
1817	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1818	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1819	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1820	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1821
1822	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1823	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1824	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1825	unreachable could be optimized away.
1826
182720141222:
1828	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1829	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1830	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1831	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1832	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1833	the utilities will report errors.
1834
183520141121:
1836	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1837	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1838	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1839	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1840	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1841	LOCAL_DIRS.
1842
184320141109:
1844	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1845	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1846
184720141104:
1848	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1849	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1850	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1851	drivers.
1852
1853	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1854	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1855	indicate what you need to do.
1856
1857	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1858	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1859	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1860
1861	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1862	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1863	  kern.vty=sc
1864
186520141102:
1866	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1867	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1868	execute it.
1869
187020141009:
1871	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1872	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1873	devel/gperf port.
1874
187520140923:
1876	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1877	contrib/pjdfstest .
1878
187920140922:
1880	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1881	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1882	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1883	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1884	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1885	their next update cycle.
1886
188720140729:
1888	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1889	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1890	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1891	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1892	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1893
189420140723:
1895	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1896	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1897
189820140719:
1899	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1900	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1901	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1902	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1903	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1904	new configuration.
1905
190620140709:
1907	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1908	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1909	them again.
1910	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1911
191220140708:
1913	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1914	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1915	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1916	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1917	requires readline.
1918
191920140702:
1920	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1921	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1922	architecture.
1923
192420140701:
1925	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1926	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1927	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1928	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1929	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1930
193120140629:
1932	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1933	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1934	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1935
193620140619:
1937	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1938	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1939	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1940
194120140606:
1942	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1943	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1944	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1945	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1946	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1947	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1948	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1949	"make installworld".
1950
1951	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1952	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1953	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1954	is run.
1955
1956	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1957	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1958	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1959	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1960	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1961
196220140512:
1963	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1964
196520140508:
1966	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1967	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1968	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1969
197020140505:
1971	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1972	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1973	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1974	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1975	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1976	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1977	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1978	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1979	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1980	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1981	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1982	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1983
1984	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1985	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1986	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1987	as well.
1988
198920140430:
1990	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1991	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1992
199320140424:
1994	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1995	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1996	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1997	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1998	build hosts for older releases.
1999
2000	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2001	r276991, respectively.
2002
200320140418:
2004	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2005	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2006	will silently lack HESIOD.
2007
200820140405:
2009	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2010	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2011	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2012	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2013	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2014	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2015	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2016	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2017	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2018	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2019	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2020	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
2021
202220140306:
2023	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2024	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2025	with command line option -W.
2026
202720140226:
2028	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2029	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2030	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2031	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2032	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2033
203420140216:
2035	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2036
203720140216:
2038	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
2039	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2040
204120140212:
2042	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2043	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2044	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
2045	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2046	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2047
204820140204:
2049	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2050	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
2051	kernel is still highly recommended.
2052
205320140131:
2054	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2055	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
2056	capability mode support in kernel.
2057
205820140128:
2059	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2060	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2061	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2062	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2063	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2064
206520140110:
2066	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2067	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2068	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2069	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2070	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2071	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2072
207320131213:
2074	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2075	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2076	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2077	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2078	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2079	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2080	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2081	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2082	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2083
208420131108:
2085	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2086	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
2087	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2088	should change your settings to use the latter.
2089
209020131025:
2091	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2092	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
2093	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
2094	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
2095	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2096
209720131014:
2098	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2099	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2100	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2101	delete-old-libs":
2102	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2103	  or
2104	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2105
210620131010:
2107	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2108	revision r256279.
2109
2110COMMON ITEMS:
2111
2112	General Notes
2113	-------------
2114	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2115	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2116	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2117	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2118	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2119	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2120	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2121	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2122
2123	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2124	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2125	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2126	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2127	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2128	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2129	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2130	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2131	an exception.
2132
2133	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2134	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2135	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2136	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2137	step.
2138
2139	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2140	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2141	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2142	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2143
2144	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2145	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2146	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2147	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2148	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2149	should write them with this in mind.
2150
2151	ZFS notes
2152	---------
2153	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2154	these two steps:
2155
2156	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2157	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2158
2159	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2160
2161	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2162	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2163	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2164
2165	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2166
2167	To build a kernel
2168	-----------------
2169	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2170	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2171	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2172
2173	make kernel-toolchain
2174	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2175	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2176
2177	To test a kernel once
2178	---------------------
2179	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2180	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2181	debugging information) run
2182	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2183	nextboot -k testkernel
2184
2185	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2186	-----------------------------------------------------------
2187	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2188	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2189
2190	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2191	make buildworld
2192	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2193	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2194							[1]
2195	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2196	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2197	make installworld
2198	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2199	make delete-old					[6]
2200	<reboot>
2201
2202	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2203	--------------------------------------------------
2204	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2205	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2206	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2207	# size.
2208
2209	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2210	<boot into -stable>
2211	make buildworld
2212	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2213	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2214	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2215	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2216	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2217	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2218	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2219	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2220	<reboot into current>
2221	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2222	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2223	<reboot>
2224
2225
2226	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2227	----------------------------------------------
2228	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2229	make buildworld					[9]
2230	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2231	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2232							[1]
2233	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2234	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2235	make installworld
2236	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2237	make delete-old					[6]
2238	<reboot>
2239
2240	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2241	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2242	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2243	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2244	the UPDATING entries.
2245
2246	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2247	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2248	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2249	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2250	much fewer pitfalls.
2251
2252	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2253	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2254	system on reboot.
2255
2256	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2257		fsck -p
2258		mount -u /
2259		mount -a
2260		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2261		cd src			# full path to source
2262		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2263	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2264	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2265
2266	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2267	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2268	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2269	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2270	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2271	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2272	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2273
2274	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2275	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2276	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2277	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2278	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2279	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2280
2281	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2282	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2283	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2284
2285	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2286	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2287	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2288	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2289	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2290	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2291	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2292	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2293
2294	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2295	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2296	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2297	for these as well.
2298
2299	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2300	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2301	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2302
2303	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2304	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2305	warn if it is improperly defined.
2306FORMAT:
2307
2308This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2309breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2310list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2311If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2312to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2313
2314Copyright information:
2315
2316Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2317
2318Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2319modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2320document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2321
2322THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2323IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2324WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2325DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2326INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2327(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2328SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2329HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2330STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2331IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2332POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2333
2334Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2335this document.
2336
2337$FreeBSD$
2338