xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision bb15ca603fa442c72dde3f3cb8b46db6970e3950)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook.
8
9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
10/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
11
12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 10.x IS SLOW:
13	FreeBSD 10.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
14	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
15	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
16	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
17	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
18	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
19	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
20	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
21	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
22	machines to maximize performance.  (To disable malloc debugging, run
23	ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.)
24
2520111122:
26	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
27	/dev/wmistat0.
28
2920111108:
30	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
31	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
32	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
33	time.
34
3520111101:
36	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
37	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
38
3920110930:
40	sysinstall has been removed
41
4220110923:
43	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
44	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
45
4620110913:
47	This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
48	calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
49	The first time a system is booted after this change, the
50	vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
51	main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
52	for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
53	It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
54	systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
55	To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
56	until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
57
5820110828:
59	Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
60	do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
61	to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
62	Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
63
6420110815:
65	During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
66	This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
67	issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
68	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
69
70	Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
71	special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
72	Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
73
7420110628:
75	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
76	You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
77	This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
78	versions.  Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
79
8020110608:
81	The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
82		machdep.hlt_cpus
83		machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
84	The following sysctl is retired:
85		machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
86	The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
87	online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
88	been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
89	machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
90	hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
91	Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
92	where X is an APIC ID of a CPU.  Be advised, though, that disabling
93	CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
94	may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
95	a default scheduler.
96
9720110607:
98	cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
99	a mask of CPUs.
100
10120110531:
102	Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
103	that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later.  Make sure to
104	follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
105	world.
106
10720110513:
108	Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
109
11020110503:
111	Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
112	the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
113	This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
114	drivers need to be recompiled.
115
116	Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
117	was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
118	i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
119	handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
120	branches.
121
12220110430:
123	Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
124	into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
125
12620110427:
127	The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
128	is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
129	Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
130	changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
131	commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
132	mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
133	kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
134	file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
135	NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
136	To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
137	a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
138
139	vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
140
141	in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
142	a diskless root fs use the old client.
143
14420110424:
145	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
146	CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
147	removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
148	ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
149	them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
150	where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
151	in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
152	see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
153	old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
154	compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
155	not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
156	in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
157
158	It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
159	but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
160	module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
161	still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
162	and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
163	Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
164	scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
165	them are parts of the cam module.
166
167	ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
168	To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
169	for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
170
171	No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
172	arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
173	In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
174	    options        ATA_CAM
175	    device         ahci
176	    device         mvs
177	    device         siis
178	, and instead add back:
179	    device         atadisk         # ATA disk drives
180	    device         ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
181	    device         atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
182	    device         atapifd         # ATAPI floppy drives
183	    device         atapist         # ATAPI tape drives
184
18520110423:
186	The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
187	was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
188	back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
189	both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
190	mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
191	update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
192
19320110418:
194	The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
195	related components have been removed from the base system.  If you
196	require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
197
19820110331:
199	ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
200	the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
201	contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
202	contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
203	in order to use ath on everything else.
204
205	TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
206	need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
207
20820110314:
209	As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
210	release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
211	release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
212
21320110218:
214	GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD.  This
215	is the last available version under GPLv2.  It brings a number of new
216	features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
217	4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
218	directives, and lots of other small improvements.  See the ChangeLog
219	file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
220
22120110218:
222	IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
223	compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
224	This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
225	actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
226	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
227	authentication).
228	The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
229	algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
230
23120110207:
232	Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol.  This function has
233	been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
234	globally exposed with this name.  The equivalent functionality
235	is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
236	The function remains undocumented.
237
23820110112:
239	A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
240	symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD.  Type checking
241	for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled.  Code that needs
242	UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
243	systems where the define is not present can check against
244	__FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
245
246	The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
247	in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
248	with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
249	a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
250	will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
251	are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
252
25320110103:
254	If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
255	the following warning:
256	"Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
257	unknown.  config(8) likely too old."
258	or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
259	to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
260	stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
261	install it on your system.
262
263	Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
264	between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
265	error in the first kernel build phase.  A new config on those old
266	systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
267
26820101228:
269	The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
270	it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
271	control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
272	rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
273	be recompiled.
274
27520101114:
276	Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
277	added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
278	with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
279	to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations.  This
280	means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
281	support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
282	media option.  This was implemented in the generic support that way in
283	order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
284	with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
285	from unwanted effects.  Consequently, if you used flow control with
286	one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
287	it, for example via:
288		ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
289
290	Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
291	1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
292	e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
293	advantage of it.  This means that these drivers now no longer take the
294	link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
295	has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
296		ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
297
298	Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
299	drivers supporting 1000baseT.
300
30120101111:
302	The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
303	modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
304	congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
305	space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
306	sockstat) need to be recompiled.
307
30820101002:
309	The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
310	uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
311	migrate local entries to the new format.
312
31320100928:
314	The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
315	new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
316	upstream sshd.
317
31820100915:
319	A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
320	so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
321	revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
322	on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
323	A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
324	set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
325
32620100913:
327	The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
328	$ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
329
330	The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
331	address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8).  A value
332	"ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified.  The
333	default is "AUTO".
334
335	The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
336	flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
337	corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line.  The default is "NO" for
338	security reason.  If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
339	interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
340
341	The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
342	ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
343	ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
344
34520100913:
346	DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
347	now i386 and amd64 only.
348	dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
349	kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
350	No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
351	userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
352	'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
353	to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
354
35520100725:
356	The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
357	aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
358
35920100722:
360	BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
361	default.  It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
362	less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
363	However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
364	noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
365	but not significant.  The reason is complex, the most important factor
366	is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
367	overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally.  Future work
368	on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
369	users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
370	setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
371
37220100713:
373	Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
374	configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
375	    machine powerpc powerpc
376
377	In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
378	after this change.
379
38020100713:
381	A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
382	This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
383	zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
384	For full functionality of these commands the following port must
385	be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
386
38720100429:
388	'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
389	Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
390	time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
391	of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
392	and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
393
39420100402:
395	WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
396	are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
397	affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
398	compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
399	WITH_CTF=yes").
400	When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
401	so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
402	to unwanted behavior.
403
40420100311:
405	The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
406	to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
407	configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
408	be modified accordingly.
409
41020100113:
411	The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
412	the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
413	Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
414	making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
415	The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
416	last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
417
418	All applications in the base system use utmpx.  This means only
419	local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
420	utmp database files.  These applications must be rebuilt to make
421	use of utmpx.
422
423	After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
424	log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
425	assuming their contents is of no importance anymore.  Old wtmp
426	databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
427	been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
428
42920100108:
430	Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
431	via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
432	sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
433
43420091202:
435	The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
436	rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
437	According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
438	variables are obsoleted.  Instead, the following new rc
439	variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
440
441		firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
442		firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
443		firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
444
445	The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
446
44720091125:
448	8.0-RELEASE.
449
45020091113:
451	The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
452	from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98.  This means
453	that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
454	operation of applications on the console.
455
456	The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
457	vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag.  The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
458	options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
459	cons25.
460
461	To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
462	variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
463	performed by syscons(4).
464
46520091109:
466	The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
467	Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
468	from net80211 need to be recompiled.
469
470	Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
471	build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
472	new structure.
473
47420091025:
475	The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
476	There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
477	to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
478	images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
479	your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
480	iwn5150fw.
481
48220090926:
483	The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
484	into rc.d/netif.  The changes are the following:
485
486	1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
487	   for IPv4.  For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
488	   Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
489
490	   Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
491	   understand what you are doing.  It is not needed in most cases.
492
493	   $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
494	   they are obsolete.
495
496	2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete.  Use $ipv6_prefer and
497	   "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
498
499	   If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
500	   all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
501	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  These are for backward compatibility.
502
503	3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added.  If NO, IPv6
504	   functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
505	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
506	   and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
507	   is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
508	   Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
509	   disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
510	   using ifconfig(8) like:
511
512		ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
513
514	   If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
515	   IPv6-preferred.
516
517	   The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
518
519	4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
520	   define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  The rc(8)
521	   scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
522	   UP.  The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
523	   (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
524
52520090922:
526	802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
527	previous code, which was based on D3.0.
528
52920090912:
530	A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
531	of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
532	control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
533	Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
534	a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
535	The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
536
53720090910:
538	ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
539	mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
540
54120090825:
542	The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
543	hw.bus.devctl_queue.  hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
544	replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0.  The default for this new tunable
545	is 1000.
546
54720090813:
548	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI only
549	for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
550	maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
551
55220090803:
553	The stable/8 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
554	RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
555
55620090719:
557	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
558	use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.  Bump
559	__FreeBSD_version to 800105.
560
56120090714:
562	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
563	all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.  As this change
564	breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
565
56620090713:
567	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
568	struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
569	The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
570	needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
571	the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
572
57320090712:
574	Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
575	<netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
576	maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
577	__FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
578	any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
579
58020090630:
581	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
582	RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
583	may need to be adjusted.
584
58520090629:
586	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
587	removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
588	routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
589	with routing sockets.
590
59120090628:
592	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
593	FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
594	the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
595
59620090624:
597	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
598	changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
599	options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to
600	800100.
601
60220090622:
603	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
604	moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled.  Bump
605	__FreeBSD_version to 800099.
606
60720090619:
608	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
609	respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
610	no changes should be visible.  When more than 16 groups are used, old
611	binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
612	statically sized storage.  Recompiling will work around this, but
613	applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
614	for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
615	number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
616
617	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
618	truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
619	take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
620	file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
621	authentication method is used.
622
62320090616:
624	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.  This
625	option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
626	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
627	LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
628	spinning when both held in write and read mode.
629
63020090613:
631	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
632	changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
633
63420090611:
635	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules need to
636	be rebuilt.
637
63820090608:
639	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
640	Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
641
64220090602:
643	window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
644	installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
645
64620090601:
647	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
648	changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
649	re-compiled.
650
65120090601:
652	A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8.  Network
653	file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
654	rebuilt.
655	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
656
65720090530:
658	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
659	more valid.
660
66120090530:
662	Add VOP_ACCESSX(9).  File system modules need to be rebuilt.
663	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
664
66520090529:
666	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules need to be
667	rebuilt.
668	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
669
67020090528:
671	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
672	introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
673	The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
674	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
675	been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
676	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
677
67820090527:
679	Add support for hierarchical jails.  Remove global securelevel.
680	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
681
68220090523:
683	The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
684	need to be rebuilt.
685	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
686
68720090523:
688	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
689	run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
690
69120090520:
692	The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
693	hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
694
69520090520:
696	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
697	Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
698	of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No user-visible data structures were changed but
699	applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
700	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
701
70220090430:
703	The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
704	socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
705	vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw.  Most modules need to be rebuild or
706	panics may be experienced.  World rebuild is required for
707	correctly checking networking state from userland.
708	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
709
71020090429:
711	MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
712	to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
713	The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
714	follows the IPv4 implementation.
715
716	For kernel developers:
717
718	* The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
719	  ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
720	  and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
721
722	* As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
723	  of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
724	  protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
725	  SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
726
727	* The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
728	  the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
729	   * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
730	   * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
731	     are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
732	   * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
733	   * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
734	     for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
735	     jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
736	     multicast membership on-link.
737	   * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
738	     its report transmissions.  However, the 'timer' argument is
739	     preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
740
741	* The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
742	  been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
743	  stack.
744	  Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
745	  internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
746	  semantics.
747
748	* There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
749	  acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
750	  Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
751	  implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
752
753	For application developers:
754
755	* The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
756	  stack.
757
758	* The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
759	  socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
760
761	* There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
762	  IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
763	  before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
764	  use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
765
766	* The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
767	  API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
768	  using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
769	  please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
770	  Multicast Source Filters'.
771
772	* Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
773
774	For systems administrators:
775
776	* The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
777	  addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
778	  as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
779	  will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
780	  returned by getifaddrs(3).
781
782	* The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
783	  endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
784
785	* The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
786	  loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
787	  to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
788	  recommended for optimal system performance.
789
790	* The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
791	  instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
792	  back forwarded datagrams.
793
794	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
795
79620090422:
797	Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
798	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
799
80020090419:
801	The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
802	memory allocation types, has changed.  Most modules will need to
803	be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
804	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
805
80620090415:
807	Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
808	This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
809	state will require a world rebuild.
810	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
811
81220090415:
813	Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
814	embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
815	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
816
81720090414:
818	The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
819	Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
820	The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
821	of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
822	load balancing.
823	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
824
82520090408:
826	Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
827	apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
828	re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
829	kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
830	not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
831	low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
832	interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
833	mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
834
83520090407:
836	The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
837	kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
838	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
839
84020090320:
841	GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
842	replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
843	introduces some changes:
844
845	MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
846	(EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
847	to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
848
849	BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
850	cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
851	disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
852	top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
853
854	General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
855	whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
856	systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
857	the "386BSD" type).
858
859	Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
860
86120090319:
862	The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
863	Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
864	(supported by sane).
865
86620090319:
867	The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
868	only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
869	The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
870	ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
871	compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
872
87320090315:
874	Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
875	removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
876	longer supported.  In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
877	drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
878	used.
879
88020090313:
881	POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
882	a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
883	This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
884	they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
885
88620090313:
887	The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
888	support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
889
89020090309:
891	IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
892	to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
893
894	For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
895	ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
896	and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
897
898	Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
899	inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
900	filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
901	Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
902	multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
903	as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
904	low-level input path.  in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
905	to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
906
907	For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
908	multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
909	will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
910	datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
911	be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
912	to preserve the existing behaviour.
913
914	For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
915	multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
916	that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
917	collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
918	transport protocol input path to check group membership.
919
920	If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
921	it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
922	enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
923	via IGMP.
924
925	The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
926	recompiled to reflect this.
927	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
928
92920090309:
930	libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
931	updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
932	update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
933	rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
934	in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
935	libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
936
93720090302:
938	A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
939	memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
940	Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
941	of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
942	wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
943	raised to allow such segments to be created.
944
94520090301:
946	The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
947	network device driver modules.
948
94920090227:
950	The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
951	buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
952
95320090223:
954	The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
955	module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
956	ums, ...).  The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
957	with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
958	Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
959	apply.
960
96120090217:
962	The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
963	defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
964	customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
965	use the new name.
966
96720090216:
968	xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
969	yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
970	add
971		Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
972	to your ServerLayout section.  This will cause X to use the configured
973	kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
974
97520090215:
976	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
977	stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
978	problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
979	stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
980	that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
981	eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
982
983	Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
984	redirected to the new stack's libusb20.  /etc/libmap.conf can
985	be used for this:
986		# Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
987		libusb-0.1.so.8	libusb20.so.1
988
98920090209:
990	All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
991	(eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
992	change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
993
99420090203:
995	The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
996	addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
997	All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
998	slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
999	same interface.
1000
100120090201:
1002	INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1003	netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1004
100520090119:
1006	NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1007	GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1008	will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1009	actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1010	level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1011	"options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1012
101320090115:
1014	TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1015	New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1016	800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1017	tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1018
101920081225:
1020	ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1021	Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1022	New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1023	in next mpd5.3 release.
1024
102520081219:
1026	With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1027	the base system (it was a port).
1028
102920081216:
1030	The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1031	rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1032
103320081214:
1034	__FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1035	RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1036	The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1037	architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1038	applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1039	The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1040	none of the L2 information.
1041
104220081130:
1043	__FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1044	binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1045
1046	options	AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1047
1048	to their kernel config files when specifying:
1049
1050	device	ath_hal
1051
1052	The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1053	together with the driver in the ath module.  It is now
1054	possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1055	and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1056
105720081121:
1058	__FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1059	<machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1060	multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1061	them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1062	enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1063	packets.
1064
106520081117:
1066	A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1067	This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1068	default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1069	and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1070
107120081028:
1072	dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1073
107420081009:
1075	The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1076	been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1077	separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1078	appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1079	controller add the following to loader.conf:
1080
1081		uhci_load="YES"
1082		ehci_load="YES"
1083
108420081009:
1085	The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed.  Please keep
1086	userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1087	sync.
1088
108920081009:
1090	atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1091	driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1092	All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1093	ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1094	atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1095	atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1096	atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1097
109820080820:
1099	The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1100	implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1101	improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1102	the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1103	drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1104
1105	PCI/ISA:
1106		cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1107
1108	USB:
1109		ubser, ucycom
1110
1111	Line disciplines:
1112		ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1113
1114	Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1115	cause compilation to fail.
1116
111720080818:
1118	ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1119
112020080801:
1121	OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1122
1123	For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1124	over RSA for host and user authentication keys.  With this
1125	upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1126	DSA.  This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1127	host keys even for previously known hosts.  Users should
1128	follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1129	accepting the RSA key.
1130
1131	This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1132	option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1133	command line.
1134
1135	Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1136	authentication has been changed as well.  You may want to
1137	specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1138	behavior.
1139
114020080713:
1141	The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1142	kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1143	default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1144
1145	To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1146	uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1147	onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1148	instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1149	use the new device names.
1150
1151	When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1152	/boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1153	If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1154	at the loader prompt:
1155
1156		set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1157		set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1158		set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1159		set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1160		boot -s
1161
116220080609:
1163	The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1164	disks instead.
1165
116620080603:
1167	The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1168	to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1169	please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1170	if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1171
117220080525:
1173	ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1174	update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1175
117620080509:
1177	I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1178	See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1179	This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1180	but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1181	with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1182
118320080420:
1184	The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1185	operation on devices that are capable.  The underlying device
1186	is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1187	cloned with ifconfig.  This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1188	For example, change:
1189		ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1190	to
1191		wlans_ath0=wlan0
1192		ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1193	see rc.conf(5) for more details.  In addition, mergemaster of
1194	/etc/rc.d is highly recommended.  Simultaneous update of userland
1195	and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1196
1197	As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1198	modules were merged into the base wlan module.  All references
1199	to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1200
120120080408:
1202	psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1203	Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1204	be read back from it.  Therefore, an application is responsible
1205	for status validation and error recovery.  It is a no-op in
1206	other operation levels.
1207
120820080312:
1209	Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel.  To
1210	run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1211	be used.  The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1212	compatibility with any prior release:
1213
1214	libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1215	libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1216	libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1217
121820080301:
1219	The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1220	and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1221	kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1222	it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1223	The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1224	nonetheless.
1225
122620080229:
1227	The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1228	82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1229	split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1230	with older hardware easier to do.
1231
123220080220:
1233	The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1234	likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1235
123620080211:
1237	The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1238	increased reliability.  If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1239	mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1240	firewall rules.
1241
124220080208:
1243	Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1244	mbuf chains.
1245
124620080126:
1247	The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1248	integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1249	with huge file trees.  The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1250	through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1251	using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1252	advantage of the extended types.  At the same time, some
1253	third-party software might fail to build after this change
1254	due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1255	fts(3) structure members.  Such software should be fixed
1256	by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1257	FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1258	case that a portable fix is impossible.
1259
126020080123:
1261	To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1262	FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE.  Upgrading to -current
1263	from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1264
126520071128:
1266	The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1267	functionality is the default now.
1268
126920071118:
1270	The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1271	by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1272	keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1273	to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1274	by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1275
1276	Option	"XkbLayout" "us"
1277	Option	"XkbRules" "xorg"
1278	Option	"XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1279
128020071024:
1281	It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1282	backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1283	PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1284	broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1285	20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1286	PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1287	provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1288	IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1289	again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1290	nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1291	however.
1292
129320071020:
1294	The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1295	to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1296	used kproc_start()..
1297	I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1298	with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1299	Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1300
130120071010:
1302	RELENG_7 branched.
1303
1304COMMON ITEMS:
1305
1306	General Notes
1307	-------------
1308	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1309	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1310	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1311	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1312	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1313	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1314	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1315
1316	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1317	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1318	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1319	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1320	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1321
1322	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1323	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1324	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1325	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
1326	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1327
1328	ZFS notes
1329	---------
1330	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1331	these two steps:
1332
1333	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1334	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1335
1336	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1337
1338	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1339	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1340	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1341
1342	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1343
1344	To build a kernel
1345	-----------------
1346	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1347	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1348	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1349
1350	make kernel-toolchain
1351	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1352	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1353
1354	To test a kernel once
1355	---------------------
1356	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1357	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1358	debugging information) run
1359	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1360	nextboot -k testkernel
1361
1362	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1363	--------------------------------------------------------------
1364	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
1365	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1366	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1367
1368	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1369	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1370	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1371	make depend
1372	make
1373	make install
1374
1375	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1376
1377	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1378	-----------------------------------------------------------
1379	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1380	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1381
1382	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1383	make buildworld
1384	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1385							[1]
1386	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1387	mergemaster -p					[5]
1388	make installworld
1389	mergemaster -i					[4]
1390	make delete-old					[6]
1391	<reboot>
1392
1393
1394	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1395	--------------------------------------------------
1396	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1397	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1398	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1399	# size.
1400
1401	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1402	<boot into -stable>
1403	make buildworld
1404	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1405	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1406	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1407	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1408	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1409	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1410	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1411	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1412	<reboot into current>
1413	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1414	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1415	<reboot>
1416
1417
1418	To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current
1419	----------------------------------------------
1420	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1421	make buildworld					[9]
1422	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1423							[1]
1424	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1425	mergemaster -p					[5]
1426	make installworld
1427	mergemaster -i					[4]
1428	make delete-old					[6]
1429	<reboot>
1430
1431	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1432	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1433	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1434	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1435	the UPDATING entries.
1436
1437	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1438	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1439	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1440	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1441	much fewer pitfalls.
1442
1443	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1444	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1445	system on reboot.
1446
1447	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1448		fsck -p
1449		mount -u /
1450		mount -a
1451		cd src
1452		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1453	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1454	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1455
1456	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1457	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1458	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1459	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1460	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1461	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1462	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1463
1464	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1465	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1466	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1467	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1468	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1469	from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408.
1470
1471	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1472	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1473	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1474
1475	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1476	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1477	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1478	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1479	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1480	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1481
1482	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1483	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1484
1485	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1486	cvs prune empty directories.
1487
1488	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1489	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1490	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1491
1492	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1493	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1494	warn if it is improperly defined.
1495FORMAT:
1496
1497This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1498breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1499list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1500If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1501to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1502
1503Copyright information:
1504
1505Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
1506
1507Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1508modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1509document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1510
1511THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1512IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1513WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1514DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1515INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1516(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1517SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1518HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1519STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1520IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1521POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1522
1523Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
1524this document.
1525
1526$FreeBSD$
1527