xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision b4e38a41f584ad4391c04b8cfec81f46176b18b0)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920200729:
30	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
31	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
32	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
33	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
34	continue to function.
35
36	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
37	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
38	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
39	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
40
4120200627:
42	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imorted in r362681. This
43	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
44	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
45	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
46	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
47	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
48	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
49
5020200625:
51	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
52	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
53
5420200613:
55	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
56	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
57	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
58
5920200604:
60	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
61	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
62	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
63	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
64
65	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
66	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
67	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
68	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
69	/root/.shrc.
70
7120200523:
72	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
73	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
74	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
75	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
76
7720200512:
78	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
79	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
80
8120200424:
82	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
83	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
84	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
85	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
86	be functional without closefrom(2).
87
8820200414:
89	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
90	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
91	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
92	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
93	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
94	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
95
9620200310:
97	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
98	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
99	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
100	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
101
10220200309:
103	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
104	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
105	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
106
10720200301:
108	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
109
11020200229:
111	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
112	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
113	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
114
11520200229:
116	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
117	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
118
11920200229:
120	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
121	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
122	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
123	ports or packages.
124
12520200220:
126	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
127	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
128	ncurses.
129
13020200217:
131	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
132	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
133	together with their new kernel.
134
13520200212:
136	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
137	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
138	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
139
140	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
141	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
142
14320200108:
144	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
145	linker for riscv64.
146
14720200107:
148	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
149	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
150	external toolchain package.
151
15220200104:
153	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
154	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
155	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
156	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
157	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
158
15920200102:
160	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
161	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
162	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
163	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
164
16520191226:
166	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
167	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
168	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
169	ABI.
170
17120191226:
172	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
173
17420191222:
175	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
176	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
177	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
178	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
179
18020191212:
181	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
182	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
183	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
184
18520191205:
186	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
187	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
188	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
189	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
190	differences between those included in the port and those included in
191	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
192	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
193	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
194
19520191120:
196	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
197	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
198	for automounting.
199
20020191107:
201	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
202	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
203	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
204	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
205	add superio to the set.
206
20720191021:
208	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
209	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
210
21120191021:
212	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
213	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
214	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
215	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
216	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
217	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
218	completely in the future.
219
22020191009:
221	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
222	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
223	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
224	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
225	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
226	will be removed from the list.
227
22820191009:
229	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
230	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
231	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
232	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
233
23420191003:
235	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
236	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
237	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
238	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
239
24020190913:
241	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
242	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
243	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
244	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
245
24620190823:
247	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
248	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
249	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
250
25120190727:
252	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
253	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
254	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
255	your scripts, because they had no effect.
256
257	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
258	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
259	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
260	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
261	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
262
26320190713:
264	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
265	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
266	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
267	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
268	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
269	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
270	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
271
27220190620:
273	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
274	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
275	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
276	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
277
27820190612:
279	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
280	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
281	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
282	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
283
28420190608:
285	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
286	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
287	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
288
28920190513:
290	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
291	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
292	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
293	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
294	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
295	avoid running into the limit.
296
29720190507:
298	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
299	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
300
30120190507:
302	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
303	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
304	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
305	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
306	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
307	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
308
30920190418:
310	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
311	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
312	entropy:
313
314	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
315	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
316	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
317	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
318	availability properties.
319
320	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
321	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
322	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
323	initial condition, if desired.
324
325	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
326	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
327
328	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
329	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
330	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
331	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
332
33320190416:
334	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
335	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
336	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
337	therefore unblocked).
338
33920190404:
340	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
341	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
342	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
343	is added to the command line.
344	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
345	not affected and should continue to work.
346
34720190320:
348	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
349	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
350	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
351	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
352
35320190304:
354	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
355	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
356	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
357	or higher.
358
35920190226:
360	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
361	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
362	kernel config.
363
36420190219:
365	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
366	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
367	migrating to the drm ports.
368
36920190131:
370	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
371	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
372	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
373	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
374	is loaded automatically.
375
37620190125:
377	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
378	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
379	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
380	kernel config files.
381
38220181230:
383	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
384	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
385	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
386	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
387
38820181220:
389	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
390	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
391	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
392	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
393	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
394	most NFSv4 mounts.
395
39620181219:
397	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
398	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
399	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
400
401	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
402	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
403
404	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
405	removed from the mips port.
406
40720181211:
408	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
409	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
410	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
411	or higher.
412
41320181211:
414	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
415	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
416
41720181126:
418	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
419	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
420	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
421	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
422
42320181123:
424	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
425	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
426	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
427
42820181115:
429	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
430	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
431	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
432	FreeBSD versions.
433
43420181110:
435	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
436	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
437	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
438
439	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
440	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
441	being included using the command:
442		$ newsyslog -Nrv
443
44420181015:
445	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
446	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
447	drm-legacy-kmod.
448
449	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
450	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
451	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
452	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
453	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
454	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
455	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
456	that as you will get better support.
457
458	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
459	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
460	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
461	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
462
463	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
464	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
465	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
466	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
467	shortly.
468
46920181012:
470	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
471	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
472	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
473	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
474	be adjusted as necessary.
475
47620181009:
477	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
478	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
479	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
480	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
481
48220181006:
483	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
484	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
485	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
486	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
487	encouraged.
488
48920181002:
490	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
491	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
492	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
493	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
494	nda device name.
495
49620180913:
497	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
498	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
499	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
500	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
501	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
502	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
503
50420180826:
505	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
506	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
507	default since FreeBSD-11.
508
50920180822:
510	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
511	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
512	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
513
51420180818:
515	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
516	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
517	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
518	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
519	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
520	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
521	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
522
523	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
524	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
525
52620180815:
527	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
528	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
529	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
530	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
531	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
532	may not be observed in a future release.
533
53420180808:
535	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
536	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
537	your environment.
538
53920180731:
540	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
541	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
542	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
543	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
544
54520180730:
546	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
547	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
548	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
549	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
550	runtime services.
551
55220180727:
553	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
554	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
555	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
556
55720180723:
558	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
559	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
560	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
561	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
562	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
563
56420180720:
565	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
566	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
567	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
568	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
569	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
570	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
571
57220180719:
573	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
574	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
575	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
576	boot_serial=YES
577	boot_multicons=YES
578	in /boot/loader.conf
579	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
580	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
581	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
582
58320180719:
584	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
585	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
586	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
587	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
588	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
589	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
590	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
591	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
592	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
593	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
594	by the ntpd user.
595
59620180717:
597	Big endian arm support has been removed.
598
59920180711:
600	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
601	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
602	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
603	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
604	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
605
60620180705:
607	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
608	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
609	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
610	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
611	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
612	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
613
61420180702:
615	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
616	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
617
61820180701:
619	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
620	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
621	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
622	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
623	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
624	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
625	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
626
62720180630:
628	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
629	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
630	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
631	or higher.
632
63320180628:
634	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
635	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
636	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
637	file.
638
63920180612:
640	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
641	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
642
64320180530:
644	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
645	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
646	longer necessary.
647
64820180530:
649	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
650	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
651	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
652	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
653
65420180523:
655	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
656	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
657	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
658	later than r334108.
659
66020180517:
661	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
662	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
663	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
664	it must be removed.
665
66620180510:
667	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
668	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
669	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
670	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
671	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
672	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
673	will go away.
674
675	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
676	workaround is necessary.
677
67820180508:
679	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
680	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
681	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
682	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
683
68420180504:
685	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
686	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
687	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
688	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
689	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
690
69120180502:
692	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
693	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
694	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
695	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
696
69720180501:
698	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
699	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
700	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
701	be removed.
702
70320180413:
704	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
705	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
706	removed.
707
70820180411:
709	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
710	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
711	removed.
712
71320180406:
714	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
715	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
716	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
717	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
718	microseconds and time zone offsets.
719
720	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
721	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
722	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
723	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
724	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
725	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
726	adjustments, depending on the software used.
727
728	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
729	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
730
731		source src {
732			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
733		}
734
735	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
736	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
737	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
738
739		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
740
741	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
742	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
743	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
744	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
745	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
746	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
747	thus expected to continue to function as before.
748
749	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
750	change.
751
75220180328:
753	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
754	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
755	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
756
75720180323:
758	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
759	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
760	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
761	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
762	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
763	should be as simple as:
764
765		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
766		$ make depend all install
767
76820180212:
769	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
770	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
771	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
772	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
773	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
774	provisions for backup boot methods.
775
77620180211:
777	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
778	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
779	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
780	imp@freebsd.org.
781
78220180114:
783	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
784	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
785	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
786	or higher.
787
78820180110:
789	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
790	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
791	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
792
793	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
794	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
795
79620180110:
797	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
798	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
799	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
800	remove it from kernel config files.
801
80220180104:
803	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
804	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
805	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
806
807	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
808	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
809
81020180102:
811	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
812	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
813	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
814	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
815
81620171215:
817	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
818	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
819
82020171214:
821	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
822	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
823	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
824	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
825
82620171125:
827	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
828	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
829	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
830	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
831	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
832	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
833
83420171110:
835	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
836	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
837	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
838
83920171106:
840	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
841	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
842	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
843	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
844	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
845
84620171102:
847	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
848	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
849	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
850	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
851	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
852	environment.
853
85420171101:
855	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
856	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
857	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
858	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
859	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
860	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
861	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
862	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
863	than hardcoding paths.
864
86520171028:
866	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
867	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
868	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
869
87020171021:
871	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
872	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
873	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
874	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
875
87620171010:
877	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
878	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
879
88020171005:
881	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
882	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
883	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
884	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
885
88620171003:
887	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
888	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
889	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
890	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
891	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
892
89320170912:
894	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
895	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
896	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
897	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
898	/etc/ctl.conf .
899
90020170912:
901	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
902	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
903	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
904	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
905	soft-float everything else should be affected.
906
90720170826:
908	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
909	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
910
91120170825:
912	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
913	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
914	to complete.
915
91620170814:
917	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
918	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
919	${TESTSDIR}.
920
921	Behavioral changes:
922	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
923	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
924	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
925	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
926
927	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
928	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
929	sandbox if successful.
930
931	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
932	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
933	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
934	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
935	an unprivileged user.
936
93720170808:
938	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
939	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
940	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
941	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
942	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
943	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
944	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
945	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
946	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
947	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
948	to which you should answer yes.
949
95020170728:
951	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
952	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
953	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
954	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
955	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
956
95720170722:
958	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
959	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
960	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
961
96220170701:
963	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
964	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
965
96620170625:
967	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
968	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
969	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
970	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
971	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
972	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
973	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
974
97520170623:
976	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
977	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
978	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
979	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
980	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
981	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
982
98320170620:
984	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
985	if you require the GPL compiler.
986
98720170618:
988	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
989	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
990	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
991
99220170617:
993	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
994	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
995	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
996	followed.
997
99820170531:
999	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1000	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1001	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1002	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1003	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1004	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1005
100620170524:
1007	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1008	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1009	which only require one chipset support.
1010
1011	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1012
1013	if_ath_load="YES"
1014
1015	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1016	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1017	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1018
1019	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1020	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1021
1022	* load ath_hal
1023	* load the chip modules in question
1024	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1025	* load ath_main
1026	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1027	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1028
1029	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1030
103120170523:
1032	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1033	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1034	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1035
1036	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1037	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1038	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1039
1040	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1041	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1042	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1043	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1044	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1045	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1046	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1047	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1048
104920170424:
1050	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1051	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1052	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1053
105420170420:
1055	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1056	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1057	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1058
105920170413:
1060	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1061	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1062	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1063	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1064	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1065	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1066	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1067
106820170407:
1069	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1070	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1071	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1072	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1073
107420170405:
1075	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1076	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1077	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1078
107920170331:
1080	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1081	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1082	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1083
108420170329:
1085	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1086	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1087
1088	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1089	via one of the following methods:
1090	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1091	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1092	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1093	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1094
1095	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1096
109720170316:
1098	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1099	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1100	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1101	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1102	with mmc.ko).
1103
110420170315:
1105	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1106	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1107	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1108	be prefixed with colon.
1109
111020170311:
1111	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1112	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1113	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1114
111520170302:
1116	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1117	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1118	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1119
112020170221:
1121	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1122	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1123	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1124	change.
1125
112620170216:
1127	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1128	valid.
1129
113020170215:
1131	MCA bus support has been removed.
1132
113320170127:
1134	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1135	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1136
113720170112:
1138	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1139	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1140
114120170109:
1142	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1143	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1144	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1145	configuration.
1146
114720161217:
1148	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1149	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1150	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1151
115220161124:
1153	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1154	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1155	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1156
115720161119:
1158	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1159	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1160	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1161
116220161030:
1163	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1164	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1165	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1166	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1167
116820161017:
1169	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1170	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1171	parts.
1172	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1173	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1174
117520161015:
1176	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1177	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1178	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1179	removed from base.
1180
118120161008:
1182	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1183	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1184	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1185
118620161003:
1187	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1188	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1189
119020160924:
1191	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1192	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1193	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1194	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1195
119620160918:
1197	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1198	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1199	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1200	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1201	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1202
120320160918:
1204	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1205
120620160908:
1207	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1208	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1209	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1210	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1211
121220160824:
1213	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1214	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1215	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1216	to 1200005.
1217
121820160818:
1219	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1220	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1221	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1222	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1223	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1224	0.
1225
122620160818:
1227	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1228	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1229
123020160708:
1231	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1232
123320160622:
1234	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1235	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1236	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1237	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1238	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1239	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1240	kernel.
1241
124220160527:
1243	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1244	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1245	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1246	previously contained a line like
1247	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1248	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1249	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1250	generally be fine.
1251
125220160523:
1253	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1254	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1255	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1256	built with the old headers.
1257
125820160520:
1259	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1260	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1261	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1262	installing a new libc.
1263
126420160517:
1265	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1266	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1267	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1268	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1269	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1270	packages will be needed.
1271
1272	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1273	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1274	and the install steps.
1275
127620160510:
1277	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1278	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1279	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1280	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1281	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1282	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1283
128420160414:
1285	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1286	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1287	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1288	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1289	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1290
1291		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1292		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1293		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1294		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1295		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1296
1297	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1298	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1299	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1300	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1301	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1302	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1303	vendors work.
1304
1305	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1306	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1307		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1308	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1309	quirks entry to 0x3.
1310
131120160330:
1312	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1313	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1314	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1315
131620160317:
1317	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1318	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1319
132020160311:
1321	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1322	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1323	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1324	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1325	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1326	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1327	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1328	stale .depend files.
1329
133020160306:
1331	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1332	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1333	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1334	rebooting, e.g.:
1335
1336	make buildworld
1337	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1338	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1339	make -C sys/boot install
1340	<reboot in single user>
1341
1342	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1343	below.
1344
134520160305:
1346	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1347	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1348	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1349
135020160301:
1351	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1352	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1353	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1354	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1355	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1356	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1357
135820160226:
1359	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1360	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1361	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1362	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1363	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1364
136520160129:
1366	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1367	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1368	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1369	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1370	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1371
137220160119:
1373	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1374	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1375
137620160113:
1377	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1378	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1379	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1380
138120151216:
1382	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1383	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1384	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1385	other loaders.
1386
138720151211:
1388	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1389	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1390	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1391	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1392	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1393	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1394
139520151207:
1396	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1397	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1398	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1399	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1400	in src.conf(5).
1401
140220151130:
1403	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1404	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1405	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1406
140720151108:
1408	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1409	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1410	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1411
1412	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1413	collation results will be different.
1414
1415	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1416	locales before running make installworld.
1417
1418	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1419
142020151030:
1421	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1422	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1423
142420151020:
1425	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1426	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1427	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1428
142920151017:
1430	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1431	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1432	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1433	and 'make -N' will not.
1434
143520151012:
1436	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1437	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1438	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1439	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1440	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1441	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1442	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1443	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1444
144520151011:
1446	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1447	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1448	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1449	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1450
145120151006:
1452	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1453	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1454	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1455
145620150924:
1457	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1458	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1459	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1460	userland debug files.
1461
1462	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1463	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1464	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1465
1466	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1467	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1468
146920150827:
1470	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1471	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1472	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1473	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1474	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1475	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1476
147720150827:
1478	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1479	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1480	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1481
148220150817:
1483	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1484	them, the kernel must have
1485
1486	device	random
1487	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1488
1489	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1490	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1491	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1492	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1493
1494	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1495	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1496
149720150813:
1498	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1499	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1500	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1501
150220150810:
1503	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1504	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1505	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1506	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1507
1508	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1509	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1510	difference with this change.
1511
1512	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1513	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1514	remove that workaround.
1515
151620150809:
1517	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1518	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1519	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1520	with:
1521
1522	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1523
152420150806:
1525	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1526	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1527	loader.rc.local instead.
1528
152920150805:
1530	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1531	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1532	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1533
153420150728:
1535	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1536	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1537	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1538
1539	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1540	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1541
154220150706:
1543	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1544	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1545	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1546	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1547	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1548	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1549	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1550	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1551	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1552	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1553	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1554	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1555
155620150630:
1557	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1558	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1559
1560	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1561	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1562	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1563
1564	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1565	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1566
1567	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1568	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1569	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1570
1571	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1572	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1573	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1574	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1575
1576	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1577	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1578	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1579	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1580
1581	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1582	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1583	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1584	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1585	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1586	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1587	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1588	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1589	will never happen.
1590
159120150623:
1592	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1593	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1594
159520150616:
1596	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1597	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1598
159920150615:
1600	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1601	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1602	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1603	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1604	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1605
160620150614:
1607	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1608	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1609	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1610	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1611
161220150614:
1613	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1614	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1615	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1616	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1617	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1618	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1619	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1620
1621	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1622	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1623	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1624	   replace it with '2'.
1625	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1626	   a file path, create a new file with:
1627		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1628	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1629		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1630	5. Restart sendmail:
1631		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1632
1633	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1634	updated.
1635
163620150604:
1637	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1638	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1639	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1640	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1641	5.x.
1642
1643	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1644
164520150525:
1646	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1647	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1648	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1649
165020150521:
1651	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1652	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1653	and Pandaboard:
1654
1655	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1656	  same but content is different now
1657	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1658	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1659	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1660	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1661	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1662
166320150501:
1664	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1665	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1666	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1667
166820150423:
1669	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1670	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1671
167220150415:
1673	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1674	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1675
167620150416:
1677	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1678	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1679	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1680
168120150324:
1682	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1683	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1684	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1685	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1686
168720150315:
1688	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1689	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1690	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1691
169220150307:
1693	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1694	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1695	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1696	kernel before rebooting.
1697
169820150217:
1699	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1700	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1701	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1702	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1703	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1704	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1705
170620150210:
1707	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1708	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1709	with the new kernel.
1710
171120150131:
1712	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1713	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1714	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1715
171620150118:
1717	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1718	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1719	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1720	are not already using 3.5.0.
1721
172220150107:
1723	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1724	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1725	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1726	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1727	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1728
172920150105:
1730	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1731	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1732	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1733	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1734
173520150102:
1736	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1737	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1738
173920141231:
1740	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1741
1742	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1743	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1744	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1745	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1746	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1747	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1748	later.
1749
1750	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1751	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1752	of the box.
1753
1754	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1755	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1756	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1757	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1758
1759	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1760	the instructions for 9.x above.
1761
1762	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1763	default, and do not build clang.
1764
1765	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1766	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1767	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1768
1769	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1770	the following are most likely to appear:
1771
1772	-Wabsolute-value
1773
1774	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1775	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1776	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1777	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1778	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1779	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1780	  cast, or disable the warning.
1781
1782	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1783	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1784	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1785	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1786	  side-effects.
1787
1788	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1789	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1790
1791	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1792	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1793	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1794	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1795
1796	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1797	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1798	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1799	unreachable could be optimized away.
1800
180120141222:
1802	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1803	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1804	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1805	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1806	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1807	the utilities will report errors.
1808
180920141121:
1810	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1811	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1812	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1813	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1814	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1815	LOCAL_DIRS.
1816
181720141109:
1818	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1819	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1820
182120141104:
1822	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1823	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1824	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1825	drivers.
1826
1827	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1828	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1829	indicate what you need to do.
1830
1831	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1832	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1833	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1834
1835	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1836	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1837	  kern.vty=sc
1838
183920141102:
1840	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1841	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1842	execute it.
1843
184420141009:
1845	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1846	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1847	devel/gperf port.
1848
184920140923:
1850	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1851	contrib/pjdfstest .
1852
185320140922:
1854	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1855	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1856	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1857	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1858	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1859	their next update cycle.
1860
186120140729:
1862	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1863	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1864	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1865	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1866	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1867
186820140723:
1869	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1870	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1871
187220140719:
1873	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1874	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1875	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1876	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1877	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1878	new configuration.
1879
188020140709:
1881	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1882	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1883	them again.
1884	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1885
188620140708:
1887	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1888	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1889	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1890	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1891	requires readline.
1892
189320140702:
1894	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1895	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1896	architecture.
1897
189820140701:
1899	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1900	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1901	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1902	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1903	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1904
190520140629:
1906	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1907	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1908	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1909
191020140619:
1911	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1912	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1913	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1914
191520140606:
1916	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1917	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1918	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1919	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1920	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1921	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1922	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1923	"make installworld".
1924
1925	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1926	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1927	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1928	is run.
1929
1930	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1931	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1932	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1933	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1934	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1935
193620140512:
1937	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1938
193920140508:
1940	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1941	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1942	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1943
194420140505:
1945	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1946	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1947	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1948	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1949	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1950	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1951	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1952	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1953	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1954	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1955	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1956	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1957
1958	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1959	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1960	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1961	as well.
1962
196320140430:
1964	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1965	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1966
196720140424:
1968	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1969	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1970	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1971	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1972	build hosts for older releases.
1973
1974	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1975	r276991, respectively.
1976
197720140418:
1978	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1979	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1980	will silently lack HESIOD.
1981
198220140405:
1983	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1984	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1985	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1986	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1987	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1988	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1989	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1990	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1991	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1992	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1993	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1994	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1995
199620140306:
1997	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1998	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1999	with command line option -W.
2000
200120140226:
2002	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2003	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2004	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2005	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2006	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2007
200820140216:
2009	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2010
201120140216:
2012	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
2013	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2014
201520140212:
2016	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2017	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2018	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
2019	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2020	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2021
202220140204:
2023	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2024	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
2025	kernel is still highly recommended.
2026
202720140131:
2028	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2029	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
2030	capability mode support in kernel.
2031
203220140128:
2033	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2034	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2035	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2036	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2037	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2038
203920140110:
2040	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2041	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2042	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2043	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2044	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2045	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2046
204720131213:
2048	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2049	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2050	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2051	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2052	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2053	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2054	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2055	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2056	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2057
205820131108:
2059	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2060	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
2061	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2062	should change your settings to use the latter.
2063
206420131025:
2065	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2066	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
2067	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
2068	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
2069	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2070
207120131014:
2072	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2073	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2074	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2075	delete-old-libs":
2076	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2077	  or
2078	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2079
208020131010:
2081	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2082	revision r256279.
2083
2084COMMON ITEMS:
2085
2086	General Notes
2087	-------------
2088	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2089	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2090	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2091	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2092	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2093	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2094	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2095	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2096
2097	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2098	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2099	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2100	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2101	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2102	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2103	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2104	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2105	an exception.
2106
2107	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2108	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2109	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2110	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2111	step.
2112
2113	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2114	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2115	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2116	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2117
2118	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2119	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2120	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2121	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2122	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2123	should write them with this in mind.
2124
2125	ZFS notes
2126	---------
2127	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2128	these two steps:
2129
2130	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2131	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2132
2133	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2134
2135	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2136	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2137	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2138
2139	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2140
2141	To build a kernel
2142	-----------------
2143	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2144	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2145	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2146
2147	make kernel-toolchain
2148	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2149	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2150
2151	To test a kernel once
2152	---------------------
2153	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2154	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2155	debugging information) run
2156	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2157	nextboot -k testkernel
2158
2159	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2160	-----------------------------------------------------------
2161	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2162	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2163
2164	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2165	make buildworld
2166	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2167	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2168							[1]
2169	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2170	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2171	make installworld
2172	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2173	make delete-old					[6]
2174	<reboot>
2175
2176	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2177	--------------------------------------------------
2178	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2179	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2180	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2181	# size.
2182
2183	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2184	<boot into -stable>
2185	make buildworld
2186	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2187	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2188	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2189	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2190	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2191	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2192	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2193	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2194	<reboot into current>
2195	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2196	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2197	<reboot>
2198
2199
2200	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2201	----------------------------------------------
2202	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2203	make buildworld					[9]
2204	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2205	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2206							[1]
2207	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2208	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2209	make installworld
2210	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2211	make delete-old					[6]
2212	<reboot>
2213
2214	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2215	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2216	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2217	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2218	the UPDATING entries.
2219
2220	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2221	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2222	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2223	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2224	much fewer pitfalls.
2225
2226	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2227	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2228	system on reboot.
2229
2230	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2231		fsck -p
2232		mount -u /
2233		mount -a
2234		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2235		cd src			# full path to source
2236		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2237	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2238	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2239
2240	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2241	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2242	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2243	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2244	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2245	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2246	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2247
2248	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2249	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2250	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2251	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2252	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2253	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2254
2255	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2256	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2257	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2258
2259	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2260	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2261	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2262	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2263	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2264	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2265	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2266	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2267
2268	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2269	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2270	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2271	for these as well.
2272
2273	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2274	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2275	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2276
2277	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2278	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2279	warn if it is improperly defined.
2280FORMAT:
2281
2282This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2283breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2284list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2285If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2286to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2287
2288Copyright information:
2289
2290Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2291
2292Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2293modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2294document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2295
2296THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2297IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2298WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2299DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2300INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2301(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2302SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2303HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2304STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2305IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2306POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2307
2308Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2309this document.
2310
2311$FreeBSD$
2312