1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420061026: 25 KSE in the kernel has now been made optional and turned on by 26 default. Use 'nooption KSE' in your kernel config to turn it 27 off. All kernel modules *must* be recompiled after this change. 28 There-after, modules from a KSE kernel should be compatible with 29 modules from a NOKSE kernel due to the temporary padding fields 30 added to 'struct proc'. 31 3220060929: 33 mrouted and its utilities have been removed from the base system. 34 3520060927: 36 Some ioctl(2) command codes have changed. Full backward ABI 37 compatibility is provided if the "options COMPAT_FREEBSD6" is 38 present in the kernel configuration file. Make sure to add 39 this option to your kernel config file, or recompile X.Org 40 and the rest of ports; otherwise they may refuse to work. 41 4220060924: 43 tcpslice has been removed from the base system. 44 4520060913: 46 The sizes of struct tcpcb (and struct xtcpcb) have changed due to 47 the rewrite of TCP syncookies. Tools like netstat, sockstat, and 48 systat needs to be rebuilt. 49 5020060903: 51 libpcap updated to v0.9.4 and tcpdump to v3.9.4 52 5320060816: 54 The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD_EXTENDED option is gone and the behaviour 55 for IPFIREWALL_FORWARD is now as it was before when it was first 56 committed and for years after. The behaviour is now ON. 57 5820060725: 59 enigma(1)/crypt(1) utility has been changed on 64 bit architectures. 60 Now it can decrypt files created from different architectures. 61 Unfortunately, it is no longer able to decrypt a cipher text 62 generated with an older version on 64 bit architectures. 63 If you have such a file, you need old utility to decrypt it. 64 6520060709: 66 The interface version of the i4b kernel part has changed. So 67 after updating the kernel sources and compiling a new kernel, 68 the i4b user space tools in "/usr/src/usr.sbin/i4b" must also 69 be rebuilt, and vice versa. 70 7120060627: 72 The XBOX kernel now defaults to the nfe(4) driver instead of 73 the nve(4) driver. Please update your configuration 74 accordingly. 75 7620060514: 77 The i386-only lnc(4) driver for the AMD Am7900 LANCE and Am79C9xx 78 PCnet family of NICs has been removed. The new le(4) driver serves 79 as an equivalent but cross-platform replacement with the pcn(4) 80 driver still providing performance-optimized support for the subset 81 of AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST and greater chips as before. 82 8320060511: 84 The machdep.* sysctls and the adjkerntz utility have been 85 modified a bit. The new adjkerntz utility uses the new 86 sysctl names and sysctlbyname() calls, so it may be impossible 87 to run an old /sbin/adjkerntz utility in single-user mode 88 with a new kernel. Replace the `adjkerntz -i' step before 89 `make installworld' with: 90 91 /usr/obj/usr/src/sbin/adjkerntz/adjkerntz -i 92 93 and proceed as usual with the rest of the installworld-stage 94 steps. Otherwise, you risk installing binaries with their 95 timestamp set several hours in the future, especially if 96 you are running with local time set to GMT+X hours. 97 9820060412: 99 The ip6fw utility has been removed. The behavior provided by 100 ip6fw has been in ipfw2 for a good while and the rc.d scripts 101 have been updated to deal with it. There are some rules that 102 might not migrate cleanly. Use rc.firewall6 as a template to 103 rewrite rules. 104 10520060428: 106 The puc(4) driver has been overhauled. The ebus(4) and sbus(4) 107 attachments have been removed. Make sure to configure scc(4) 108 on sparc64. Note also that by default puc(4) will use uart(4) 109 and not sio(4) for serial ports because interrupt handling has 110 been optimized for multi-port serial cards and only uart(4) 111 implements the interface to support it. 112 11320060330: 114 The scc(4) driver replaces puc(4) for Serial Communications 115 Controllers (SCCs) like the Siemens SAB82532 and the Zilog 116 Z8530. On sparc64, it is advised to add scc(4) to the kernel 117 configuration to make sure that the serial ports remain 118 functional. 119 12020060317: 121 Most world/kernel related NO_* build options changed names. 122 New knobs have common prefixes WITHOUT_*/WITH_* (modelled 123 after FreeBSD ports) and should be set in /etc/src.conf 124 (the src.conf(5) manpage is provided). Full backwards 125 compatibility is maintained for the time being though it's 126 highly recommended to start moving old options out of the 127 system-wide /etc/make.conf file into the new /etc/src.conf 128 while also properly renaming them. More conversions will 129 likely follow. Posting to current@: 130 131 http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-current/2006-March/061725.html 132 13320060305: 134 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 135 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 136 13720060303: 138 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 139 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 140 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 141 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 142 its dependencies. 143 14420060204: 145 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 146 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 147 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 148 14920060201: 150 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 151 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 152 15320060118: 154 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 155 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 156 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 157 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 158 on your next install. 159 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 160 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 161 to your /etc/make.conf. 162 16320060113: 164 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 165 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 166 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 167 16820060112: 169 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 170 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 171 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 172 17320060106: 174 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 175 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 176 17720060106: 178 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 179 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 180 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 181 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 182 18320051231: 184 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 185 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 186 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 187 18820051211: 189 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 190 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 191 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 192 accordingly. 193 19420051202: 195 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 196 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 197 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 198 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 199 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 200 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 201 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 202 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 203 20420051129: 205 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 206 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 207 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 208 20920051129: 210 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 211 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 212 21320051108: 214 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 215 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 216 21720051029: 218 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 219 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 220 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 221 22220051014: 223 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 224 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 225 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 226 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 227 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 228 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 229 modules afterwards. 230 23120051001: 232 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 233 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 234 23520050927: 236 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 237 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 238 23920050722: 240 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 241 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 242 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 243 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 244 architecture. 245 24620050711: 247 RELENG_6 branched here. 248 24920050629: 250 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 251 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 252 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 253 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 254 removable_interfaces. 255 25620050616: 257 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 258 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 259 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 260 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 261 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 262 affect existing configurations. 263 26420050610: 265 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 266 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 267 updated to the new APIs. 268 26920050609: 270 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 271 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 272 will not behave correctly. 273 274 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 275 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 276 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 277 27820050606: 279 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 280 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 281 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 282 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 283 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 284 285 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 286 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 287 anyway). 288 28920050605: 290 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 291 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 292 29320050603: 294 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 295 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 296 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 297 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 298 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 299 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 300 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 301 30220050528: 303 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 304 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 305 fail after this date. For full details, please see 306 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 307 30820050503: 309 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 310 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 311 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 312 31320050415: 314 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 315 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 316 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 317 should be updated. 318 31920050227: 320 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 321 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 322 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 323 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 324 32520050225: 326 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 327 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 328 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 329 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 330 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 331 none at this point.) 332 33320050224: 334 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 335 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 336 33720050223: 338 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 339 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 340 with the new kernel. 341 34220050223: 343 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 344 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 345 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 346 34720050220: 348 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 349 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 350 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 351 if you have updated the kernel. 352 353 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 354 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 355 mounting the new volume. 356 35720050206: 358 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 359 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 360 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 361 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 362 36320050206: 364 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 365 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 366 36720050114: 368 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 369 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 370 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 371 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 372 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 373 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 374 37520041221: 376 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 377 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 378 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 379 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 380 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 381 38220041219: 383 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 384 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 385 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 386 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 387 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 388 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 389 and wlan_xauth as required. 390 39120041213: 392 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 393 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 394 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 395 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 396 reflect the change. 397 39820041201: 399 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 400 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 401 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 402 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 403 the module when a wep key is configured). 404 40520041201: 406 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 407 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 408 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 409 41020041116: 411 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 412 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 413 41420041110: 415 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 416 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 417 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 418 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 419 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 420 their /etc/rc scripts. 421 42220041104: 423 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 424 42520041102: 426 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 427 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 428 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 429 43020041022: 431 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 432 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 433 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 434 43520041016: 436 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 437 in the RELENG_5 branch. 438 439COMMON ITEMS: 440 441 General Notes 442 ------------- 443 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 444 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 445 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 446 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 447 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 448 on the -current branch). 449 450 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 451 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 452 environment when searching for values for global variables. 453 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 454 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 455 page for more details. 456 457 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 458 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 459 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 460 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 461 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 462 version upgrade. 463 464 To build a kernel 465 ----------------- 466 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 467 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 468 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 469 470 make kernel-toolchain 471 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 472 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 473 474 To test a kernel once 475 --------------------- 476 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 477 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 478 debugging information) run 479 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 480 nextboot -k testkernel 481 482 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 483 -------------------------------------------------------------- 484 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 485 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 486 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 487 488 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 489 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 490 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 491 make depend 492 make 493 make install 494 495 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 496 497 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 498 ----------------------------------------------------------- 499 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 500 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 501 502 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 503 make buildworld 504 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 505 [1] 506 <reboot in single user> [3] 507 mergemaster -p [5] 508 make installworld 509 make delete-old 510 mergemaster [4] 511 <reboot> 512 513 514 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 515 -------------------------------------------------- 516 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 517 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 518 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 519 # size. 520 521 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 522 <boot into -stable> 523 make buildworld 524 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 525 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 526 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 527 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 528 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 529 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 530 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 531 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 532 <reboot into current> 533 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 534 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 535 <reboot> 536 537 538 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 539 ---------------------------------------------- 540 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 541 make buildworld [9] 542 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 543 [1] 544 <reboot in single user> [3] 545 mergemaster -p [5] 546 make installworld 547 make delete-old 548 mergemaster -i [4] 549 <reboot> 550 551 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 552 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 553 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 554 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 555 the UPDATING entries. 556 557 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 558 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 559 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 560 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 561 much fewer pitfalls. 562 563 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 564 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 565 system on reboot. 566 567 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 568 fsck -p 569 mount -u / 570 mount -a 571 cd src 572 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 573 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 574 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 575 576 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 577 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 578 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 579 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 580 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 581 for potential gotchas. 582 583 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 584 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 585 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 586 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 587 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 588 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 589 590 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 591 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 592 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 593 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 594 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 595 596 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 597 last time you updated your kernel config file. 598 599 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 600 cvs prune empty directories. 601 602 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 603 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 604 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 605 606 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 607 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 608 warn if it is improperly defined. 609FORMAT: 610 611This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 612breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 613and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 614previous releases if your system is older than this. 615 616Copyright information: 617 618Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 619 620Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 621modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 622document are permitted without further permission from the author. 623 624THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 625IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 626WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 627DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 628INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 629(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 630SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 631HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 632STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 633IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 634POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 635 636If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 637author a beer. 638 639Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 640this document. 641 642$FreeBSD$ 643