xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision a9ab459b31358ed5bdc16c8c01edbf698cd05e8e)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook.
8
9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
10/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
11
12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 10.x IS SLOW:
13	FreeBSD 10.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
14	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
15	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
16	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
17	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
18	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
19	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
20	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
21	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
22	machines to maximize performance.  (To disable malloc debugging, run
23	ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.)
24
2520111101:
26	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
27	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
28
2920110930:
30	sysinstall has been removed
31
3220110923:
33	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
34	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
35
3620110913:
37	This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
38	calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
39	The first time a system is booted after this change, the
40	vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
41	main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
42	for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
43	It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
44	systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
45	To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
46	until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
47
4820110828:
49	Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
50	do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
51	to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
52	Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
53
5420110815:
55	During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
56	This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
57	issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
58	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
59
60	Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
61	special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
62	Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
63
6420110628:
65	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
66	You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
67	This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
68	versions.  Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
69
7020110608:
71	The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
72		machdep.hlt_cpus
73		machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
74	The following sysctl is retired:
75		machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
76	The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
77	online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
78	been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
79	machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
80	hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
81	Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
82	where X is an APIC ID of a CPU.  Be advised, though, that disabling
83	CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
84	may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
85	a default scheduler.
86
8720110607:
88	cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
89	a mask of CPUs.
90
9120110531:
92	Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
93	that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later.  Make sure to
94	follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
95	world.
96
9720110513:
98	Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
99
10020110503:
101	Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
102	the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
103	This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
104	drivers need to be recompiled.
105
106	Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
107	was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
108	i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
109	handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
110	branches.
111
11220110430:
113	Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
114	into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
115
11620110427:
117	The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
118	is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
119	Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
120	changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
121	commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
122	mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
123	kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
124	file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
125	NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
126	To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
127	a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
128
129	vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
130
131	in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
132	a diskless root fs use the old client.
133
13420110424:
135	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
136	CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
137	removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
138	ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
139	them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
140	where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
141	in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
142	see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
143	old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
144	compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
145	not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
146	in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
147
148	It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
149	but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
150	module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
151	still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
152	and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
153	Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
154	scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
155	them are parts of the cam module.
156
157	ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
158	To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
159	for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
160
161	No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
162	arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
163	In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
164	    options        ATA_CAM
165	    device         ahci
166	    device         mvs
167	    device         siis
168	, and instead add back:
169	    device         atadisk         # ATA disk drives
170	    device         ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
171	    device         atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
172	    device         atapifd         # ATAPI floppy drives
173	    device         atapist         # ATAPI tape drives
174
17520110423:
176	The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
177	was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
178	back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
179	both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
180	mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
181	update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
182
18320110418:
184	The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
185	related components have been removed from the base system.  If you
186	require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
187
18820110331:
189	ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
190	the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
191	contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
192	contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
193	in order to use ath on everything else.
194
195	TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
196	need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
197
19820110314:
199	As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
200	release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
201	release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
202
20320110218:
204	GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD.  This
205	is the last available version under GPLv2.  It brings a number of new
206	features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
207	4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
208	directives, and lots of other small improvements.  See the ChangeLog
209	file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
210
21120110218:
212	IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
213	compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
214	This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
215	actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
216	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
217	authentication).
218	The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
219	algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
220
22120110207:
222	Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol.  This function has
223	been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
224	globally exposed with this name.  The equivalent functionality
225	is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
226	The function remains undocumented.
227
22820110112:
229	A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
230	symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD.  Type checking
231	for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled.  Code that needs
232	UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
233	systems where the define is not present can check against
234	__FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
235
236	The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
237	in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
238	with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
239	a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
240	will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
241	are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
242
24320110103:
244	If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
245	the following warning:
246	"Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC
247	unknown.  config(8) likely too old."
248	or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
249	to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
250	stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
251	install it on your system.
252
253	Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
254	between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
255	error in the first kernel build phase.  A new config on those old
256	systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
257
25820101228:
259	The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
260	it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
261	control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
262	rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
263	be recompiled.
264
26520101114:
266	Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
267	added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
268	with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
269	to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations.  This
270	means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
271	support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
272	media option.  This was implemented in the generic support that way in
273	order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
274	with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
275	from unwanted effects.  Consequently, if you used flow control with
276	one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
277	it, for example via:
278		ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
279
280	Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
281	1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
282	e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
283	advantage of it.  This means that these drivers now no longer take the
284	link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
285	has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
286		ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
287
288	Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
289	drivers supporting 1000baseT.
290
29120101111:
292	The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
293	modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
294	congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
295	space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
296	sockstat) need to be recompiled.
297
29820101002:
299	The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
300	uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
301	migrate local entries to the new format.
302
30320100928:
304	The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
305	new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
306	upstream sshd.
307
30820100915:
309	A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
310	so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
311	revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
312	on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
313	A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
314	set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
315
31620100913:
317	The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
318	$ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
319
320	The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
321	address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8).  A value
322	"ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified.  The
323	default is "AUTO".
324
325	The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
326	flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
327	corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line.  The default is "NO" for
328	security reason.  If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
329	interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
330
331	The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
332	ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
333	ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
334
33520100913:
336	DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
337	now i386 and amd64 only.
338	dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
339	kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
340	No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
341	userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
342	'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
343	to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
344
34520100725:
346	The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
347	aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
348
34920100722:
350	BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
351	default.  It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
352	less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
353	However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
354	noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
355	but not significant.  The reason is complex, the most important factor
356	is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
357	overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally.  Future work
358	on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
359	users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
360	setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
361
36220100713:
363	Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
364	configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
365	    machine powerpc powerpc
366
367	In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
368	after this change.
369
37020100713:
371	A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
372	This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
373	zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
374	For full functionality of these commands the following port must
375	be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
376
37720100429:
378	'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
379	Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over
380	time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
381	of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
382	and vm_page_unhold to be updated.
383
38420100402:
385	WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
386	are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
387	affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
388	compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
389	WITH_CTF=yes").
390	When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
391	so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
392	to unwanted behavior.
393
39420100311:
395	The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
396	to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
397	configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
398	be modified accordingly.
399
40020100113:
401	The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
402	the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
403	Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
404	making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
405	The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
406	last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
407
408	All applications in the base system use utmpx.  This means only
409	local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
410	utmp database files.  These applications must be rebuilt to make
411	use of utmpx.
412
413	After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
414	log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
415	assuming their contents is of no importance anymore.  Old wtmp
416	databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
417	been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
418
41920100108:
420	Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
421	via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
422	sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
423
42420091202:
425	The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
426	rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
427	According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
428	variables are obsoleted.  Instead, the following new rc
429	variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
430
431		firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
432		firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
433		firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
434
435	The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
436
43720091125:
438	8.0-RELEASE.
439
44020091113:
441	The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
442	from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98.  This means
443	that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
444	operation of applications on the console.
445
446	The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
447	vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag.  The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
448	options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
449	cons25.
450
451	To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
452	variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
453	performed by syscons(4).
454
45520091109:
456	The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
457	Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
458	from net80211 need to be recompiled.
459
460	Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
461	build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
462	new structure.
463
46420091025:
465	The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
466	There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
467	to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
468	images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
469	your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
470	iwn5150fw.
471
47220090926:
473	The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
474	into rc.d/netif.  The changes are the following:
475
476	1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
477	   for IPv4.  For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
478	   Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
479
480	   Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
481	   understand what you are doing.  It is not needed in most cases.
482
483	   $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
484	   they are obsolete.
485
486	2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete.  Use $ipv6_prefer and
487	   "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
488
489	   If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
490	   all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
491	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  These are for backward compatibility.
492
493	3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added.  If NO, IPv6
494	   functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
495	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
496	   and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8)
497	   is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
498	   Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
499	   disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
500	   using ifconfig(8) like:
501
502		ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
503
504	   If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
505	   IPv6-preferred.
506
507	   The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
508
509	4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
510	   define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  The rc(8)
511	   scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
512	   UP.  The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
513	   (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
514
51520090922:
516	802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
517	previous code, which was based on D3.0.
518
51920090912:
520	A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
521	of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
522	control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
523	Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
524	a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
525	The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
526
52720090910:
528	ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
529	mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
530
53120090825:
532	The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
533	hw.bus.devctl_queue.  hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
534	replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0.  The default for this new tunable
535	is 1000.
536
53720090813:
538	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI only
539	for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
540	maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
541
54220090803:
543	The stable/8 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
544	RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
545
54620090719:
547	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
548	use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.  Bump
549	__FreeBSD_version to 800105.
550
55120090714:
552	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
553	all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.  As this change
554	breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
555
55620090713:
557	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
558	struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
559	The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
560	needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
561	the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
562
56320090712:
564	Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
565	<netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
566	maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
567	__FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
568	any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
569
57020090630:
571	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
572	RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
573	may need to be adjusted.
574
57520090629:
576	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
577	removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
578	routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
579	with routing sockets.
580
58120090628:
582	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
583	FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
584	the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
585
58620090624:
587	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
588	changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
589	options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to
590	800100.
591
59220090622:
593	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
594	moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled.  Bump
595	__FreeBSD_version to 800099.
596
59720090619:
598	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
599	respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
600	no changes should be visible.  When more than 16 groups are used, old
601	binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
602	statically sized storage.  Recompiling will work around this, but
603	applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
604	for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
605	number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
606
607	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
608	truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
609	take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
610	file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
611	authentication method is used.
612
61320090616:
614	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.  This
615	option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
616	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
617	LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
618	spinning when both held in write and read mode.
619
62020090613:
621	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
622	changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
623
62420090611:
625	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules need to
626	be rebuilt.
627
62820090608:
629	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
630	Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
631
63220090602:
633	window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
634	installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
635
63620090601:
637	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
638	changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
639	re-compiled.
640
64120090601:
642	A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8.  Network
643	file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
644	rebuilt.
645	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
646
64720090530:
648	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
649	more valid.
650
65120090530:
652	Add VOP_ACCESSX(9).  File system modules need to be rebuilt.
653	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
654
65520090529:
656	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules need to be
657	rebuilt.
658	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
659
66020090528:
661	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
662	introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
663	The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
664	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
665	been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
666	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
667
66820090527:
669	Add support for hierarchical jails.  Remove global securelevel.
670	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
671
67220090523:
673	The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
674	need to be rebuilt.
675	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
676
67720090523:
678	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
679	run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
680
68120090520:
682	The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
683	hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
684
68520090520:
686	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
687	Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
688	of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No user-visible data structures were changed but
689	applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
690	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
691
69220090430:
693	The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
694	socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
695	vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw.  Most modules need to be rebuild or
696	panics may be experienced.  World rebuild is required for
697	correctly checking networking state from userland.
698	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
699
70020090429:
701	MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
702	to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
703	The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
704	follows the IPv4 implementation.
705
706	For kernel developers:
707
708	* The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
709	  ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
710	  and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
711
712	* As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
713	  of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
714	  protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
715	  SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
716
717	* The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
718	  the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
719	   * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
720	   * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
721	     are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
722	   * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
723	   * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
724	     for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
725	     jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
726	     multicast membership on-link.
727	   * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
728	     its report transmissions.  However, the 'timer' argument is
729	     preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
730
731	* The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
732	  been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
733	  stack.
734	  Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
735	  internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
736	  semantics.
737
738	* There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
739	  acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
740	  Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
741	  implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
742
743	For application developers:
744
745	* The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
746	  stack.
747
748	* The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
749	  socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
750
751	* There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
752	  IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
753	  before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
754	  use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
755
756	* The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
757	  API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
758	  using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
759	  please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
760	  Multicast Source Filters'.
761
762	* Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
763
764	For systems administrators:
765
766	* The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
767	  addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
768	  as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
769	  will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
770	  returned by getifaddrs(3).
771
772	* The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
773	  endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
774
775	* The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
776	  loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
777	  to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
778	  recommended for optimal system performance.
779
780	* The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
781	  instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
782	  back forwarded datagrams.
783
784	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
785
78620090422:
787	Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
788	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
789
79020090419:
791	The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
792	memory allocation types, has changed.  Most modules will need to
793	be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
794	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
795
79620090415:
797	Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
798	This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
799	state will require a world rebuild.
800	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
801
80220090415:
803	Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
804	embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
805	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
806
80720090414:
808	The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
809	Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
810	The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
811	of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
812	load balancing.
813	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
814
81520090408:
816	Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
817	apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
818	re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
819	kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
820	not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
821	low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
822	interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
823	mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
824
82520090407:
826	The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
827	kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
828	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
829
83020090320:
831	GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
832	replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
833	introduces some changes:
834
835	MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
836	(EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
837	to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
838
839	BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
840	cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
841	disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
842	top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
843
844	General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
845	whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
846	systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
847	the "386BSD" type).
848
849	Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
850
85120090319:
852	The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
853	Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
854	(supported by sane).
855
85620090319:
857	The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
858	only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
859	The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
860	ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
861	compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
862
86320090315:
864	Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
865	removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
866	longer supported.  In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
867	drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
868	used.
869
87020090313:
871	POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
872	a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
873	This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
874	they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
875
87620090313:
877	The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
878	support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
879
88020090309:
881	IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
882	to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
883
884	For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
885	ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
886	and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
887
888	Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
889	inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
890	filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
891	Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
892	multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
893	as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
894	low-level input path.  in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
895	to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
896
897	For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
898	multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
899	will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
900	datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
901	be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
902	to preserve the existing behaviour.
903
904	For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
905	multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
906	that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
907	collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
908	transport protocol input path to check group membership.
909
910	If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
911	it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
912	enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
913	via IGMP.
914
915	The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
916	recompiled to reflect this.
917	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
918
91920090309:
920	libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
921	updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
922	update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
923	rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
924	in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
925	libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
926
92720090302:
928	A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
929	memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
930	Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
931	of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
932	wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
933	raised to allow such segments to be created.
934
93520090301:
936	The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
937	network device driver modules.
938
93920090227:
940	The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
941	buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
942
94320090223:
944	The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
945	module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
946	ums, ...).  The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
947	with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
948	Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
949	apply.
950
95120090217:
952	The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
953	defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
954	customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
955	use the new name.
956
95720090216:
958	xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
959	yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
960	add
961		Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
962	to your ServerLayout section.  This will cause X to use the configured
963	kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
964
96520090215:
966	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
967	stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
968	problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
969	stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
970	that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
971	eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
972
973	Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
974	redirected to the new stack's libusb20.  /etc/libmap.conf can
975	be used for this:
976		# Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
977		libusb-0.1.so.8	libusb20.so.1
978
97920090209:
980	All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
981	(eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
982	change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
983
98420090203:
985	The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
986	addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
987	All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
988	slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
989	same interface.
990
99120090201:
992	INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
993	netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
994
99520090119:
996	NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
997	GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
998	will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
999	actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1000	level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1001	"options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1002
100320090115:
1004	TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1005	New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1006	800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1007	tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1008
100920081225:
1010	ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1011	Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1012	New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1013	in next mpd5.3 release.
1014
101520081219:
1016	With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1017	the base system (it was a port).
1018
101920081216:
1020	The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1021	rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1022
102320081214:
1024	__FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1025	RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1026	The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1027	architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1028	applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1029	The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1030	none of the L2 information.
1031
103220081130:
1033	__FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1034	binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1035
1036	options	AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1037
1038	to their kernel config files when specifying:
1039
1040	device	ath_hal
1041
1042	The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1043	together with the driver in the ath module.  It is now
1044	possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1045	and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1046
104720081121:
1048	__FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1049	<machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1050	multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1051	them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1052	enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1053	packets.
1054
105520081117:
1056	A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1057	This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1058	default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1059	and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1060
106120081028:
1062	dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1063
106420081009:
1065	The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1066	been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1067	separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1068	appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1069	controller add the following to loader.conf:
1070
1071		uhci_load="YES"
1072		ehci_load="YES"
1073
107420081009:
1075	The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed.  Please keep
1076	userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1077	sync.
1078
107920081009:
1080	atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1081	driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1082	All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1083	ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1084	atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1085	atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1086	atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1087
108820080820:
1089	The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1090	implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1091	improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1092	the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1093	drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1094
1095	PCI/ISA:
1096		cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1097
1098	USB:
1099		ubser, ucycom
1100
1101	Line disciplines:
1102		ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1103
1104	Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1105	cause compilation to fail.
1106
110720080818:
1108	ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1109
111020080801:
1111	OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1112
1113	For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1114	over RSA for host and user authentication keys.  With this
1115	upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1116	DSA.  This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1117	host keys even for previously known hosts.  Users should
1118	follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1119	accepting the RSA key.
1120
1121	This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1122	option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1123	command line.
1124
1125	Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1126	authentication has been changed as well.  You may want to
1127	specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1128	behavior.
1129
113020080713:
1131	The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1132	kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1133	default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1134
1135	To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1136	uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1137	onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1138	instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1139	use the new device names.
1140
1141	When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1142	/boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1143	If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1144	at the loader prompt:
1145
1146		set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1147		set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1148		set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1149		set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1150		boot -s
1151
115220080609:
1153	The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1154	disks instead.
1155
115620080603:
1157	The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1158	to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1159	please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1160	if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1161
116220080525:
1163	ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1164	update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1165
116620080509:
1167	I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1168	See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1169	This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1170	but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1171	with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1172
117320080420:
1174	The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1175	operation on devices that are capable.  The underlying device
1176	is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1177	cloned with ifconfig.  This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1178	For example, change:
1179		ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1180	to
1181		wlans_ath0=wlan0
1182		ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1183	see rc.conf(5) for more details.  In addition, mergemaster of
1184	/etc/rc.d is highly recommended.  Simultaneous update of userland
1185	and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1186
1187	As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1188	modules were merged into the base wlan module.  All references
1189	to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1190
119120080408:
1192	psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1193	Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1194	be read back from it.  Therefore, an application is responsible
1195	for status validation and error recovery.  It is a no-op in
1196	other operation levels.
1197
119820080312:
1199	Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel.  To
1200	run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1201	be used.  The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1202	compatibility with any prior release:
1203
1204	libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1205	libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1206	libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1207
120820080301:
1209	The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1210	and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1211	kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1212	it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1213	The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1214	nonetheless.
1215
121620080229:
1217	The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1218	82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1219	split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1220	with older hardware easier to do.
1221
122220080220:
1223	The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1224	likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1225
122620080211:
1227	The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1228	increased reliability.  If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1229	mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1230	firewall rules.
1231
123220080208:
1233	Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1234	mbuf chains.
1235
123620080126:
1237	The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1238	integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1239	with huge file trees.  The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1240	through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1241	using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1242	advantage of the extended types.  At the same time, some
1243	third-party software might fail to build after this change
1244	due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1245	fts(3) structure members.  Such software should be fixed
1246	by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1247	FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1248	case that a portable fix is impossible.
1249
125020080123:
1251	To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1252	FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE.  Upgrading to -current
1253	from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1254
125520071128:
1256	The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1257	functionality is the default now.
1258
125920071118:
1260	The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1261	by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1262	keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1263	to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1264	by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1265
1266	Option	"XkbLayout" "us"
1267	Option	"XkbRules" "xorg"
1268	Option	"XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1269
127020071024:
1271	It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1272	backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1273	PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1274	broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1275	20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1276	PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1277	provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1278	IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1279	again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1280	nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1281	however.
1282
128320071020:
1284	The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1285	to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1286	used kproc_start()..
1287	I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1288	with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1289	Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1290
129120071010:
1292	RELENG_7 branched.
1293
1294COMMON ITEMS:
1295
1296	General Notes
1297	-------------
1298	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1299	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1300	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1301	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1302	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1303	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1304	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1305
1306	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1307	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1308	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1309	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1310	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1311
1312	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1313	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1314	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1315	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
1316	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1317
1318	ZFS notes
1319	---------
1320	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1321	these two steps:
1322
1323	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1324	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1325
1326	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1327
1328	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1329	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1330	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1331
1332	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1333
1334	To build a kernel
1335	-----------------
1336	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1337	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1338	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1339
1340	make kernel-toolchain
1341	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1342	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1343
1344	To test a kernel once
1345	---------------------
1346	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1347	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1348	debugging information) run
1349	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1350	nextboot -k testkernel
1351
1352	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1353	--------------------------------------------------------------
1354	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
1355	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1356	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1357
1358	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1359	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1360	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1361	make depend
1362	make
1363	make install
1364
1365	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1366
1367	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1368	-----------------------------------------------------------
1369	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1370	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1371
1372	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1373	make buildworld
1374	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1375							[1]
1376	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1377	mergemaster -p					[5]
1378	make installworld
1379	mergemaster -i					[4]
1380	make delete-old					[6]
1381	<reboot>
1382
1383
1384	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1385	--------------------------------------------------
1386	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1387	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1388	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1389	# size.
1390
1391	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1392	<boot into -stable>
1393	make buildworld
1394	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1395	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1396	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1397	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1398	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1399	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1400	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1401	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1402	<reboot into current>
1403	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1404	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1405	<reboot>
1406
1407
1408	To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current
1409	----------------------------------------------
1410	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1411	make buildworld					[9]
1412	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1413							[1]
1414	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1415	mergemaster -p					[5]
1416	make installworld
1417	mergemaster -i					[4]
1418	make delete-old					[6]
1419	<reboot>
1420
1421	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1422	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1423	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1424	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1425	the UPDATING entries.
1426
1427	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1428	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1429	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1430	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1431	much fewer pitfalls.
1432
1433	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1434	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1435	system on reboot.
1436
1437	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1438		fsck -p
1439		mount -u /
1440		mount -a
1441		cd src
1442		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1443	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1444	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1445
1446	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1447	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1448	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1449	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1450	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1451	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1452	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1453
1454	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1455	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1456	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1457	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1458	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1459	from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408.
1460
1461	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1462	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1463	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1464
1465	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1466	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1467	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1468	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1469	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1470	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1471
1472	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1473	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1474
1475	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1476	cvs prune empty directories.
1477
1478	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1479	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1480	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1481
1482	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1483	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1484	warn if it is improperly defined.
1485FORMAT:
1486
1487This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1488breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1489list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1490If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1491to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1492
1493Copyright information:
1494
1495Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
1496
1497Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1498modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1499document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1500
1501THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1502IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1503WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1504DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1505INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1506(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1507SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1508HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1509STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1510IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1511POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1512
1513Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
1514this document.
1515
1516$FreeBSD$
1517