xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision a530b610636be65c4948ba01a65da56627d7ffe2)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
3420190304:
35	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
36	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
37	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
38	or higher.
39
4020190219:
41	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
42	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
43	migrating to the drm ports.
44
4520190131:
46	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
47	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
48	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
49	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
50	is loaded automatically.
51
5220190125:
53	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
54	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
55	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
56	kernel config files.
57
5820181230:
59	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
60	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
61	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
62	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
63
6420181220:
65	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
66	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
67	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
68	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
69	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
70	most NFSv4 mounts.
71
7220181219:
73	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
74	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
75	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
76
77	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
78	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
79
80	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
81	removed from the mips port.
82
8320181211:
84	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
85	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
86	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
87	or higher.
88
8920181211:
90	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
91	the time with these deamons has been obsolete for over a decade.
92
9320181126:
94	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
95	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
96	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
97	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
98
9920181123:
100	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
101	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
102	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
103
10420181115:
105	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
106	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
107	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
108	FreeBSD versions.
109
11020181110:
111	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
112	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
113	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
114
115	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
116	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
117	being included using the command:
118		$ newsyslog -Nrv
119
12020181015:
121	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
122	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
123	drm-legacy-kmod.
124
125	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
126	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
127	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
128	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
129	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
130	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
131	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
132	that as you will get better support.
133
134	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
135	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
136	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
137	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
138
139	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
140	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
141	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
142	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
143	shortly.
144
14520181012:
146	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
147	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
148	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
149	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
150	be adjusted as necessary.
151
15220181009:
153	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
154	additional various API changes througout the base system.  It is
155	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
156	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
157
15820181006:
159	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
160	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
161	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
162	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
163	encouraged.
164
16520181002:
166	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
167	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
168	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
169	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
170	nda device name.
171
17220180913:
173	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
174	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
175	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
176	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
177	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
178	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
179
18020180826:
181	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
182	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
183	default since FreeBSD-11.
184
18520180822:
186	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
187	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
188	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
189
19020180818:
191	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
192	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
193	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
194	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
195	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
196	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
197	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
198
199	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
200	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
201
20220180815:
203	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
204	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
205	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
206	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
207	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
208	may not be observed in a future release.
209
21020180808:
211	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
212	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
213	your environment.
214
21520180731:
216	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
217	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
218	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
219	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
220
22120180730:
222	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
223	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
224	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
225	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
226	runtime services.
227
22820180727:
229	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
230	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
231	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
232
23320180723:
234	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
235	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
236	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
237	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
238	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
239
24020180720:
241	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
242	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
243	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
244	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
245	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
246	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
247
24820180719:
249	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
250	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
251	setup a framebuffer for us to use, just add :
252	boot_serial=YES
253	boot_multicons=YES
254	in /boot/loader.conf
255	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
256	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a framebuffer are that
257	u-boot will expose as an EFI framebuffer.
258
25920180719:
260	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
261	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
262	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
263	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
264	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
265	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
266	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
267	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
268	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
269	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
270	by the ntpd user.
271
27220180717:
273	Big endian arm support has been removed.
274
27520180711:
276	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
277	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
278	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
279	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
280	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
281
28220180705:
283	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
284	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
285	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
286	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
287	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
288	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
289
29020180702:
291	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
292	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
293
29420180701:
295	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
296	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
297	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
298	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
299	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
300	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
301	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
302
30320180630:
304	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
305	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
306	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
307	or higher.
308
30920180628:
310	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
311	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
312	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
313	file.
314
31520180612:
316	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
317	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
318
31920180530:
320	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
321	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
322	longer necessary.
323
32420180530:
325	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
326	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
327	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
328	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
329
33020180523:
331	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
332	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
333	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
334	later than r334108.
335
33620180517:
337	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
338	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
339	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
340	it must be removed.
341
34220180510:
343	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
344	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
345	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
346	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
347	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
348	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
349	will go away.
350
351	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
352	workaround is necessary.
353
35420180508:
355	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
356	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was aquired by Exar and
357	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
358	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
359
36020180504:
361	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
362	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
363	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
364	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
365	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
366
36720180502:
368	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
369	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
370	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
371	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
372
37320180501:
374	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
375	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
376	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
377	be removed.
378
37920180413:
380	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
381	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
382	removed.
383
38420180411:
385	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
386	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
387	removed.
388
38920180406:
390	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
391	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
392	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
393	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
394	microseconds and time zone offsets.
395
396	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
397	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
398	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
399	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
400	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
401	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
402	adjustments, depending on the software used.
403
404	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
405	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
406
407		source src {
408			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
409		}
410
411	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
412	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
413	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
414
415		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
416
417	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
418	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
419	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
420	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
421	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
422	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
423	thus expected to continue to function as before.
424
425	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
426	change.
427
42820180328:
429	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
430	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
431	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
432
43320180323:
434	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
435	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
436	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
437	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
438	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
439	should be as simple as:
440
441		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
442		$ make depend all install
443
44420180212:
445	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
446	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
447	Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
448	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
449	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
450	provisions for backup boot methods.
451
45220180211:
453	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
454	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
455	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
456	imp@freebsd.org.
457
45820180114:
459	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
460	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
461	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
462	or higher.
463
46420180110:
465	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
466	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
467	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
468
469	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
470        WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
471
47220180110:
473	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
474	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
475	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
476	remove it from kernel config files.
477
47820180104:
479	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
480	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
481	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
482
483	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
484	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
485
48620180102:
487	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
488	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
489	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
490	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
491
49220171215:
493	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
494	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
495
49620171214:
497	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
498	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
499	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
500	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
501
50220171125:
503	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
504	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
505	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
506	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
507	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
508	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
509
51020171110:
511	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
512	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
513	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
514
51520171106:
516	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
517	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
518	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
519	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
520	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
521
52220171102:
523	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
524	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
525	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
526	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
527	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
528	environment.
529
53020171101:
531	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
532	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
533	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
534	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
535	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
536	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
537	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
538	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
539	than hardcoding paths.
540
54120171028:
542	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
543	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
544	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
545
54620171021:
547	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
548	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
549	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
550	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
551
55220171010:
553	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
554	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
555
55620171005:
557	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
558	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
559	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
560	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
561
56220171003:
563	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
564	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
565	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
566	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
567	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
568
56920170912:
570	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
571	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
572	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
573	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
574	/etc/ctl.conf .
575
57620170912:
577	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
578	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
579	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
580	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
581	soft-float everything else should be affected.
582
58320170826:
584	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
585	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
586
58720170825:
588	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
589	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
590	to complete.
591
59220170814:
593	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
594	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
595	${TESTSDIR}.
596
597	Behavioral changes:
598	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
599	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
600	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
601	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
602
603	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
604	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
605	sandbox if successful.
606
607	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
608	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
609	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
610	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
611	an unprivileged user.
612
61320170808:
614	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
615	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
616	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
617	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
618	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
619	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
620	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
621	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
622	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
623	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
624	to which you should answer yes.
625
62620170728:
627	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
628	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
629	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
630	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
631	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
632
63320170722:
634	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
635	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
636	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
637
63820170701:
639	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
640	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
641
64220170625:
643	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
644	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
645	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
646	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
647	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
648	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
649	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
650
65120170623:
652	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
653	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
654	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
655	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
656	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
657	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
658
65920170620:
660	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
661	if you require the GPL compiler.
662
66320170618:
664	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
665	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
666	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
667
66820170617:
669	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
670	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
671	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
672	followed.
673
67420170531:
675	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
676	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
677	from ports (and recommends to install it).
678	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
679	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
680	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
681
68220170524:
683	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
684	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
685	which only require one chipset support.
686
687	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
688
689	if_ath_load="YES"
690
691	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
692	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
693	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
694
695	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
696	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
697
698	* load ath_hal
699	* load the chip modules in question
700	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
701	* load ath_main
702	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
703	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
704
705	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
706
70720170523:
708	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
709	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
710	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
711
712	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
713	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
714	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
715
716	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
717	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
718	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
719	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
720	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
721	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
722	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
723	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
724
72520170424:
726	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
727	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
728	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
729
73020170420:
731	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
732	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
733	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
734
73520170413:
736	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
737	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
738	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
739	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
740	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
741	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
742	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
743
74420170407:
745	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
746	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
747	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
748	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
749
75020170405:
751	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
752	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
753	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
754
75520170331:
756	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
757	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
758	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
759
76020170329:
761	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
762	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
763
764	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
765	via one of the following methods:
766	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
767	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
768	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
769	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
770
771	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
772
77320170316:
774	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
775	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
776	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
777	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
778	with mmc.ko).
779
78020170315:
781	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
782	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
783	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
784	be prefixed with colon.
785
78620170311:
787	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
788	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
789	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
790
79120170302:
792	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
793	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
794	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
795
79620170221:
797	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
798	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
799	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
800	change.
801
80220170216:
803	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
804	valid.
805
80620170215:
807	MCA bus support has been removed.
808
80920170127:
810	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
811	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
812
81320170112:
814	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
815	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
816
81720170109:
818	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
819	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
820	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
821	configuration.
822
82320161217:
824	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
825	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
826	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
827
82820161124:
829	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
830	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
831	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
832
83320161119:
834	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
835	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
836	that link against it need to be recompiled.
837
83820161030:
839	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
840	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
841	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
842	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
843
84420161017:
845	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
846	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
847	parts.
848	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
849	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
850
85120161015:
852	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
853	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
854	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
855	removed from base.
856
85720161008:
858	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
859	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
860	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
861
86220161003:
863	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
864	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
865
86620160924:
867	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
868	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
869	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
870	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
871
87220160918:
873	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
874	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
875	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
876	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
877	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
878
87920160918:
880	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
881
88220160908:
883	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
884	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
885	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
886	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
887
88820160824:
889	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
890	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
891	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
892	to 1200005.
893
89420160818:
895	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
896	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
897	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
898	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
899	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
900	0.
901
90220160818:
903	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
904	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
905
90620160708:
907	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
908
90920160622:
910	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
911	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
912	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
913	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
914	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
915	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
916	kernel.
917
91820160527:
919	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
920	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
921	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
922	previously contained a line like
923	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
924	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
925	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
926	generally be fine.
927
92820160523:
929	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
930	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
931	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
932	built with the old headers.
933
93420160520:
935	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
936	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
937	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
938	installing a new libc.
939
94020160517:
941	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
942	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
943	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
944	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
945	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
946	packages will be needed.
947
948	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
949	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
950	and the install steps.
951
95220160510:
953	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
954	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
955	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
956	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
957	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
958	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
959
96020160414:
961	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
962	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
963	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
964	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
965	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
966
967		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
968		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
969		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
970		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
971		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
972
973	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
974	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
975	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
976	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
977	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
978	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
979	vendors work.
980
981	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
982	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
983		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
984	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
985	quirks entry to 0x3.
986
98720160330:
988	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
989	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
990	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
991
99220160317:
993	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
994	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
995
99620160311:
997	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
998	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
999	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1000	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1001	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1002	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1003	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1004	stale .depend files.
1005
100620160306:
1007	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1008	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1009	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1010	rebooting, e.g.:
1011
1012	make buildworld
1013	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1014	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1015	make -C sys/boot install
1016	<reboot in single user>
1017
1018	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1019	below.
1020
102120160305:
1022	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1023	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1024	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1025
102620160301:
1027	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1028	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1029	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1030	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1031	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1032	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1033
103420160226:
1035	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1036	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1037	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1038	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1039	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1040
104120160129:
1042	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1043	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1044	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1045	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1046	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1047
104820160119:
1049	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1050	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1051
105220160113:
1053	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1054	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1055	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1056
105720151216:
1058	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1059	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1060	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1061	other loaders.
1062
106320151211:
1064	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1065	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1066	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1067	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1068	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1069	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1070
107120151207:
1072	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1073	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1074	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1075	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1076	in src.conf(5).
1077
107820151130:
1079	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1080	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1081	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1082
108320151108:
1084	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1085	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1086	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1087
1088	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1089	collation results will be different.
1090
1091	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1092	locales before running make installworld.
1093
1094	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1095
109620151030:
1097	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1098	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1099
110020151020:
1101	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1102	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1103	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1104
110520151017:
1106	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1107	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1108	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1109	and 'make -N' will not.
1110
111120151012:
1112	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1113	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1114	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1115	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1116	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1117	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1118	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1119	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1120
112120151011:
1122	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1123	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1124	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1125	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1126
112720151006:
1128	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1129	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1130	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1131
113220150924:
1133	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1134	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1135	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1136	userland debug files.
1137
1138	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1139	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1140	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1141
1142	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1143	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1144
114520150827:
1146	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1147	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1148	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1149	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1150	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1151	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1152
115320150827:
1154	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1155	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1156	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1157
115820150817:
1159	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1160	them, the kernel must have
1161
1162	device	random
1163	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1164
1165	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1166	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1167	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1168	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1169
1170	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1171	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1172
117320150813:
1174	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1175	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1176	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1177
117820150810:
1179	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1180	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1181	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1182	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1183
1184	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1185	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1186	difference with this change.
1187
1188	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1189	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1190	remove that workaround.
1191
119220150809:
1193	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1194	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1195	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1196	with:
1197
1198	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1199
120020150806:
1201	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1202	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1203	loader.rc.local instead.
1204
120520150805:
1206	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1207	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1208	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1209
121020150728:
1211	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1212	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1213	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1214
1215	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1216	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1217
121820150706:
1219	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1220	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1221	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1222	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1223	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1224	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1225	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1226	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1227	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1228	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1229	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1230	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1231
123220150630:
1233	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1234	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1235
1236	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1237	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1238	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1239
1240	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1241	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1242
1243	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1244	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1245	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1246
1247	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1248	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1249	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1250	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1251
1252	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1253	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1254	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1255	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1256
1257	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1258	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1259	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1260	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1261	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1262	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1263	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1264	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1265	will never happen.
1266
126720150623:
1268	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1269	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1270
127120150616:
1272	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1273	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1274
127520150615:
1276	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1277	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1278	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1279	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1280	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1281
128220150614:
1283	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1284	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1285	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1286	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1287
128820150614:
1289	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1290	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1291	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1292	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1293	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1294	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1295	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1296
1297	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1298	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1299	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1300	   replace it with '2'.
1301	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1302	   a file path, create a new file with:
1303		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1304	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1305		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1306	5. Restart sendmail:
1307		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1308
1309	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1310	updated.
1311
131220150604:
1313	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1314	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1315	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1316	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1317	5.x.
1318
1319	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1320
132120150525:
1322	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1323	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1324	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1325
132620150521:
1327	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1328	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1329	and Pandaboard:
1330
1331	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1332	  same but content is different now
1333	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1334	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1335	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1336	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1337	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1338
133920150501:
1340	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1341	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1342	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1343
134420150423:
1345	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1346	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1347
134820150415:
1349	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1350	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1351
135220150416:
1353	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1354	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1355	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1356
135720150324:
1358	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1359	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1360	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1361	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1362
136320150315:
1364	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1365	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1366	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1367
136820150307:
1369	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1370	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1371	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1372	kernel before rebooting.
1373
137420150217:
1375	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1376	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1377	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1378	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1379	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1380	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1381
138220150210:
1383	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1384	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1385	with the new kernel.
1386
138720150131:
1388	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1389	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1390	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1391
139220150118:
1393	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1394	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1395	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1396	are not already using 3.5.0.
1397
139820150107:
1399	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1400	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1401	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1402	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1403	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1404
140520150105:
1406	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1407	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1408	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1409	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1410
141120150102:
1412	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1413	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1414
141520141231:
1416	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1417
1418	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1419	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1420	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1421	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1422	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1423	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1424	later.
1425
1426	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1427	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1428	of the box.
1429
1430	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1431	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1432	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1433	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1434
1435	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1436	the instructions for 9.x above.
1437
1438	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1439	default, and do not build clang.
1440
1441	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1442	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1443	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1444
1445	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1446	the following are most likely to appear:
1447
1448	-Wabsolute-value
1449
1450	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1451	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1452	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1453	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1454	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1455	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1456	  cast, or disable the warning.
1457
1458	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1459	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1460	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1461	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1462	  side-effects.
1463
1464	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1465	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1466
1467	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1468	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1469	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1470	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1471
1472	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1473	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1474	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1475	unreachable could be optimized away.
1476
147720141222:
1478	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1479	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1480	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1481	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1482	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1483	the utilities will report errors.
1484
148520141121:
1486	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1487	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1488	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1489	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1490	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1491	LOCAL_DIRS.
1492
149320141109:
1494	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1495	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1496
149720141104:
1498	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1499	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1500	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1501	drivers.
1502
1503	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1504	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1505	indicate what you need to do.
1506
1507	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1508	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1509	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1510
1511	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1512	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1513	  kern.vty=sc
1514
151520141102:
1516	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1517	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1518	execute it.
1519
152020141009:
1521	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1522	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1523	devel/gperf port.
1524
152520140923:
1526	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1527	contrib/pjdfstest .
1528
152920140922:
1530	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1531	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1532	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1533	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1534	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1535	their next update cycle.
1536
153720140729:
1538	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1539	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1540	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1541	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1542	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1543
154420140723:
1545	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1546	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1547
154820140719:
1549	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1550	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1551	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1552	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1553	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1554	new configuration.
1555
155620140709:
1557	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1558	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1559	them again.
1560	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1561
156220140708:
1563	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1564	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1565	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1566	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1567	requires readline.
1568
156920140702:
1570	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1571	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1572	architecture.
1573
157420140701:
1575	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1576	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1577	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1578	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1579	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1580
158120140629:
1582	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1583	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1584	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1585
158620140619:
1587	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1588	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1589	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1590
159120140606:
1592	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1593	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1594	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1595	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1596	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1597	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1598	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1599	"make installworld".
1600
1601	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1602	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1603	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1604	is run.
1605
1606	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1607	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1608	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1609	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1610	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1611
161220140512:
1613	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1614
161520140508:
1616	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1617	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1618	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1619
162020140505:
1621	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1622	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1623	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1624	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1625	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1626	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1627	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1628	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1629	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1630	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1631	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1632	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1633
1634	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1635	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1636	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1637	as well.
1638
163920140430:
1640	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1641	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1642
164320140424:
1644	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1645	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1646	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1647	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1648	build hosts for older releases.
1649
1650	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1651	r276991, respectively.
1652
165320140418:
1654	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1655	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1656	will silently lack HESIOD.
1657
165820140405:
1659	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1660	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1661	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1662	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1663	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1664	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1665	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1666	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1667	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1668	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1669	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1670	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1671
167220140306:
1673	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1674	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1675	with command line option -W.
1676
167720140226:
1678	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1679	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1680	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1681	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1682	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1683
168420140216:
1685	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1686
168720140216:
1688	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1689	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1690
169120140212:
1692	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1693	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1694	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1695	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1696	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1697
169820140204:
1699	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1700	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1701	kernel is still highly recommended.
1702
170320140131:
1704	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1705	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1706	capability mode support in kernel.
1707
170820140128:
1709	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1710	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1711	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1712	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1713	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1714
171520140110:
1716	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1717	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1718	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1719	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1720	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1721	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1722
172320131213:
1724	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1725	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1726	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1727	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1728	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1729	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1730	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1731	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1732	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1733
173420131108:
1735	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1736	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1737	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1738	should change your settings to use the latter.
1739
174020131025:
1741	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1742	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1743	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1744	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1745	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1746
174720131014:
1748	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1749	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1750	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1751	delete-old-libs":
1752	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1753	  or
1754	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1755
175620131010:
1757	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1758	revision r256279.
1759
1760COMMON ITEMS:
1761
1762	General Notes
1763	-------------
1764	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1765	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1766	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1767	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1768	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1769	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1770	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1771
1772	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1773	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1774	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1775	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1776	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1777
1778	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1779	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1780	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1781	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1782	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1783	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1784	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1785	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1786	an exception.
1787
1788	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1789	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1790	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1791	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1792
1793	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1794	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1795	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1796	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1797	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1798	should write them with this in mind.
1799
1800	ZFS notes
1801	---------
1802	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1803	these two steps:
1804
1805	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1806	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1807
1808	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1809
1810	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1811	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1812	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1813
1814	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1815
1816	To build a kernel
1817	-----------------
1818	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1819	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1820	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1821
1822	make kernel-toolchain
1823	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1824	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1825
1826	To test a kernel once
1827	---------------------
1828	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1829	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1830	debugging information) run
1831	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1832	nextboot -k testkernel
1833
1834	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1835	-----------------------------------------------------------
1836	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1837	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1838
1839	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1840	make buildworld
1841	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1842	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1843							[1]
1844	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1845	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1846	make installworld
1847	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1848	make delete-old					[6]
1849	<reboot>
1850
1851	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1852	--------------------------------------------------
1853	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1854	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1855	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1856	# size.
1857
1858	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1859	<boot into -stable>
1860	make buildworld
1861	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1862	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1863	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1864	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1865	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1866	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1867	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1868	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1869	<reboot into current>
1870	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1871	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1872	<reboot>
1873
1874
1875	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1876	----------------------------------------------
1877	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1878	make buildworld					[9]
1879	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1880	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1881							[1]
1882	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1883	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1884	make installworld
1885	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1886	make delete-old					[6]
1887	<reboot>
1888
1889	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1890	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1891	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1892	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1893	the UPDATING entries.
1894
1895	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1896	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1897	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1898	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1899	much fewer pitfalls.
1900
1901	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1902	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1903	system on reboot.
1904
1905	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1906		fsck -p
1907		mount -u /
1908		mount -a
1909		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1910		cd src			# full path to source
1911		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1912	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1913	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1914
1915	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1916	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1917	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1918	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1919	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1920	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1921	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1922
1923	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1924	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1925	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1926	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1927	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1928	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1929
1930	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1931	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1932	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1933
1934	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
1935	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
1936	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
1937	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
1938	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
1939	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
1940	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
1941	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
1942
1943	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1944	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
1945	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
1946	for these as well.
1947
1948	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1949	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1950	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1951
1952	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1953	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1954	warn if it is improperly defined.
1955FORMAT:
1956
1957This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1958breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1959list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1960If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1961to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1962
1963Copyright information:
1964
1965Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.
1966
1967Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1968modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1969document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1970
1971THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1972IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1973WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1974DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1975INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1976(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1977SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1978HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1979STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1980IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1981POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1982
1983Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
1984this document.
1985
1986$FreeBSD$
1987