xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision a33774adb3e7e902ca1742227ee070b93d602fc8)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920200104:
30	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
31	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
32	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
33	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
34	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
35
3620200102:
37	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
38	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
39	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
40	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
41
4220191226:
43	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
44	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
45	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
46	ABI.
47
4820191226:
49	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
50
5120191222:
52	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
53	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
54	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
55	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
56
5720191212:
58	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
59	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
60	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
61
6220191205:
63	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
64	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
65	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
66	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
67	differences between those included in the port and those included in
68	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
69	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
70	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
71
7220191120:
73	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
74	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
75	for automounting.
76
7720191107:
78	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
79	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
80	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
81	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
82	add superio to the set.
83
8420191021:
85	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
86	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
87
8820191021:
89	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
90	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
91	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
92	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
93	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
94	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
95	completely in the future.
96
9720191009:
98	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
99	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
100	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
101	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
102	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
103	will be removed from the list.
104
10520191009:
106	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
107	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
108	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
109	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
110
11120191003:
112	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
113	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
114	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
115	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
116
11720190913:
118	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
119	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
120	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
121	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
122
12320190823:
124	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
125	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
126	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
127
12820190727:
129	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
130	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
131	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
132	your scripts, because they had no effect.
133
134	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
135	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
136	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
137	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
138	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
139
14020190713:
141	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
142	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
143	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
144	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
145	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
146	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
147	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
148
14920190620:
150	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
151	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
152	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
153	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
154
15520190612:
156	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
157	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
158	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
159	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
160
16120190608:
162	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
163	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
164	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
165
16620190513:
167	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
168	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
169	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
170	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
171	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
172	avoid running into the limit.
173
17420190507:
175	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
176	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
177
17820190507:
179	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
180	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
181	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
182	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
183	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
184	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
185
18620190418:
187	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
188	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
189	entropy:
190
191	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
192	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
193	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
194	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
195	availability properties.
196
197	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
198	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
199	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
200	initial condition, if desired.
201
202	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
203	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
204
205	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
206	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
207	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
208	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
209
21020190416:
211	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
212	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
213	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
214	therefore unblocked).
215
21620190404:
217	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
218	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
219	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
220	is added to the command line.
221	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
222	not affected and should continue to work.
223
22420190320:
225	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
226	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
227	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
228	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
229
23020190304:
231	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
232	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
233	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
234	or higher.
235
23620190226:
237	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
238	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
239	kernel config.
240
24120190219:
242	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
243	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
244	migrating to the drm ports.
245
24620190131:
247	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
248	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
249	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
250	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
251	is loaded automatically.
252
25320190125:
254	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
255	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
256	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
257	kernel config files.
258
25920181230:
260	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
261	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
262	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
263	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
264
26520181220:
266	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
267	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
268	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
269	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
270	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
271	most NFSv4 mounts.
272
27320181219:
274	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
275	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
276	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
277
278	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
279	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
280
281	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
282	removed from the mips port.
283
28420181211:
285	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
286	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
287	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
288	or higher.
289
29020181211:
291	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
292	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
293
29420181126:
295	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
296	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
297	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
298	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
299
30020181123:
301	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
302	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
303	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
304
30520181115:
306	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
307	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
308	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
309	FreeBSD versions.
310
31120181110:
312	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
313	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
314	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
315
316	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
317	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
318	being included using the command:
319		$ newsyslog -Nrv
320
32120181015:
322	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
323	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
324	drm-legacy-kmod.
325
326	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
327	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
328	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
329	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
330	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
331	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
332	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
333	that as you will get better support.
334
335	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
336	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
337	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
338	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
339
340	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
341	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
342	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
343	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
344	shortly.
345
34620181012:
347	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
348	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
349	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
350	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
351	be adjusted as necessary.
352
35320181009:
354	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
355	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
356	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
357	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
358
35920181006:
360	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
361	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
362	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
363	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
364	encouraged.
365
36620181002:
367	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
368	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
369	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
370	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
371	nda device name.
372
37320180913:
374	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
375	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
376	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
377	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
378	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
379	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
380
38120180826:
382	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
383	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
384	default since FreeBSD-11.
385
38620180822:
387	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
388	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
389	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
390
39120180818:
392	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
393	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
394	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
395	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
396	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
397	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
398	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
399
400	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
401	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
402
40320180815:
404	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
405	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
406	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
407	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
408	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
409	may not be observed in a future release.
410
41120180808:
412	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
413	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
414	your environment.
415
41620180731:
417	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
418	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
419	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
420	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
421
42220180730:
423	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
424	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
425	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
426	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
427	runtime services.
428
42920180727:
430	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
431	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
432	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
433
43420180723:
435	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
436	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
437	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
438	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
439	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
440
44120180720:
442	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
443	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
444	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
445	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
446	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
447	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
448
44920180719:
450	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
451	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
452	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
453	boot_serial=YES
454	boot_multicons=YES
455	in /boot/loader.conf
456	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
457	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
458	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
459
46020180719:
461	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
462	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
463	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
464	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
465	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
466	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
467	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
468	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
469	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
470	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
471	by the ntpd user.
472
47320180717:
474	Big endian arm support has been removed.
475
47620180711:
477	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
478	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
479	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
480	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
481	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
482
48320180705:
484	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
485	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
486	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
487	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
488	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
489	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
490
49120180702:
492	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
493	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
494
49520180701:
496	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
497	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
498	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
499	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
500	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
501	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
502	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
503
50420180630:
505	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
506	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
507	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
508	or higher.
509
51020180628:
511	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
512	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
513	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
514	file.
515
51620180612:
517	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
518	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
519
52020180530:
521	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
522	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
523	longer necessary.
524
52520180530:
526	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
527	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
528	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
529	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
530
53120180523:
532	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
533	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
534	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
535	later than r334108.
536
53720180517:
538	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
539	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
540	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
541	it must be removed.
542
54320180510:
544	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
545	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
546	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
547	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
548	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
549	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
550	will go away.
551
552	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
553	workaround is necessary.
554
55520180508:
556	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
557	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
558	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
559	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
560
56120180504:
562	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
563	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
564	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
565	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
566	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
567
56820180502:
569	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
570	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
571	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
572	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
573
57420180501:
575	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
576	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
577	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
578	be removed.
579
58020180413:
581	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
582	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
583	removed.
584
58520180411:
586	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
587	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
588	removed.
589
59020180406:
591	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
592	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
593	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
594	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
595	microseconds and time zone offsets.
596
597	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
598	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
599	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
600	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
601	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
602	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
603	adjustments, depending on the software used.
604
605	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
606	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
607
608		source src {
609			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
610		}
611
612	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
613	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
614	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
615
616		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
617
618	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
619	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
620	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
621	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
622	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
623	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
624	thus expected to continue to function as before.
625
626	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
627	change.
628
62920180328:
630	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
631	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
632	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
633
63420180323:
635	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
636	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
637	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
638	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
639	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
640	should be as simple as:
641
642		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
643		$ make depend all install
644
64520180212:
646	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
647	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
648	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
649	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
650	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
651	provisions for backup boot methods.
652
65320180211:
654	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
655	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
656	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
657	imp@freebsd.org.
658
65920180114:
660	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
661	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
662	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
663	or higher.
664
66520180110:
666	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
667	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
668	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
669
670	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
671	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
672
67320180110:
674	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
675	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
676	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
677	remove it from kernel config files.
678
67920180104:
680	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
681	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
682	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
683
684	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
685	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
686
68720180102:
688	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
689	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
690	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
691	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
692
69320171215:
694	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
695	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
696
69720171214:
698	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
699	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
700	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
701	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
702
70320171125:
704	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
705	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
706	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
707	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
708	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
709	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
710
71120171110:
712	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
713	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
714	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
715
71620171106:
717	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
718	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
719	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
720	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
721	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
722
72320171102:
724	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
725	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
726	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
727	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
728	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
729	environment.
730
73120171101:
732	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
733	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
734	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
735	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
736	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
737	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
738	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
739	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
740	than hardcoding paths.
741
74220171028:
743	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
744	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
745	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
746
74720171021:
748	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
749	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
750	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
751	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
752
75320171010:
754	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
755	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
756
75720171005:
758	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
759	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
760	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
761	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
762
76320171003:
764	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
765	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
766	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
767	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
768	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
769
77020170912:
771	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
772	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
773	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
774	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
775	/etc/ctl.conf .
776
77720170912:
778	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
779	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
780	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
781	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
782	soft-float everything else should be affected.
783
78420170826:
785	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
786	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
787
78820170825:
789	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
790	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
791	to complete.
792
79320170814:
794	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
795	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
796	${TESTSDIR}.
797
798	Behavioral changes:
799	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
800	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
801	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
802	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
803
804	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
805	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
806	sandbox if successful.
807
808	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
809	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
810	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
811	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
812	an unprivileged user.
813
81420170808:
815	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
816	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
817	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
818	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
819	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
820	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
821	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
822	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
823	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
824	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
825	to which you should answer yes.
826
82720170728:
828	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
829	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
830	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
831	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
832	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
833
83420170722:
835	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
836	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
837	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
838
83920170701:
840	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
841	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
842
84320170625:
844	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
845	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
846	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
847	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
848	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
849	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
850	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
851
85220170623:
853	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
854	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
855	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
856	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
857	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
858	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
859
86020170620:
861	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
862	if you require the GPL compiler.
863
86420170618:
865	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
866	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
867	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
868
86920170617:
870	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
871	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
872	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
873	followed.
874
87520170531:
876	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
877	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
878	from ports (and recommends to install it).
879	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
880	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
881	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
882
88320170524:
884	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
885	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
886	which only require one chipset support.
887
888	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
889
890	if_ath_load="YES"
891
892	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
893	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
894	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
895
896	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
897	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
898
899	* load ath_hal
900	* load the chip modules in question
901	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
902	* load ath_main
903	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
904	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
905
906	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
907
90820170523:
909	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
910	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
911	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
912
913	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
914	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
915	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
916
917	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
918	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
919	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
920	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
921	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
922	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
923	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
924	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
925
92620170424:
927	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
928	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
929	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
930
93120170420:
932	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
933	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
934	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
935
93620170413:
937	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
938	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
939	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
940	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
941	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
942	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
943	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
944
94520170407:
946	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
947	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
948	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
949	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
950
95120170405:
952	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
953	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
954	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
955
95620170331:
957	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
958	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
959	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
960
96120170329:
962	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
963	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
964
965	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
966	via one of the following methods:
967	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
968	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
969	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
970	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
971
972	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
973
97420170316:
975	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
976	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
977	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
978	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
979	with mmc.ko).
980
98120170315:
982	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
983	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
984	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
985	be prefixed with colon.
986
98720170311:
988	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
989	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
990	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
991
99220170302:
993	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
994	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
995	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
996
99720170221:
998	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
999	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1000	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1001	change.
1002
100320170216:
1004	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1005	valid.
1006
100720170215:
1008	MCA bus support has been removed.
1009
101020170127:
1011	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1012	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1013
101420170112:
1015	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1016	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1017
101820170109:
1019	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1020	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1021	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1022	configuration.
1023
102420161217:
1025	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1026	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1027	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1028
102920161124:
1030	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1031	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1032	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1033
103420161119:
1035	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1036	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1037	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1038
103920161030:
1040	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1041	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1042	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1043	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1044
104520161017:
1046	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1047	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1048	parts.
1049	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1050	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1051
105220161015:
1053	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1054	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1055	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1056	removed from base.
1057
105820161008:
1059	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1060	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1061	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1062
106320161003:
1064	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1065	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1066
106720160924:
1068	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1069	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1070	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1071	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1072
107320160918:
1074	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1075	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1076	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1077	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1078	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1079
108020160918:
1081	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1082
108320160908:
1084	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1085	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1086	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1087	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1088
108920160824:
1090	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1091	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1092	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1093	to 1200005.
1094
109520160818:
1096	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1097	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1098	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1099	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1100	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1101	0.
1102
110320160818:
1104	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1105	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1106
110720160708:
1108	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1109
111020160622:
1111	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1112	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1113	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1114	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1115	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1116	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1117	kernel.
1118
111920160527:
1120	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1121	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1122	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1123	previously contained a line like
1124	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1125	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1126	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1127	generally be fine.
1128
112920160523:
1130	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1131	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1132	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1133	built with the old headers.
1134
113520160520:
1136	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1137	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1138	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1139	installing a new libc.
1140
114120160517:
1142	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1143	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1144	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1145	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1146	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1147	packages will be needed.
1148
1149	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1150	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1151	and the install steps.
1152
115320160510:
1154	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1155	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1156	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1157	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1158	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1159	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1160
116120160414:
1162	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1163	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1164	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1165	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1166	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1167
1168		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1169		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1170		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1171		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1172		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1173
1174	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1175	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1176	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1177	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1178	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1179	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1180	vendors work.
1181
1182	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1183	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1184		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1185	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1186	quirks entry to 0x3.
1187
118820160330:
1189	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1190	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1191	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1192
119320160317:
1194	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1195	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1196
119720160311:
1198	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1199	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1200	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1201	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1202	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1203	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1204	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1205	stale .depend files.
1206
120720160306:
1208	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1209	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1210	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1211	rebooting, e.g.:
1212
1213	make buildworld
1214	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1215	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1216	make -C sys/boot install
1217	<reboot in single user>
1218
1219	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1220	below.
1221
122220160305:
1223	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1224	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1225	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1226
122720160301:
1228	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1229	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1230	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1231	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1232	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1233	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1234
123520160226:
1236	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1237	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1238	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1239	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1240	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1241
124220160129:
1243	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1244	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1245	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1246	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1247	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1248
124920160119:
1250	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1251	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1252
125320160113:
1254	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1255	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1256	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1257
125820151216:
1259	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1260	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1261	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1262	other loaders.
1263
126420151211:
1265	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1266	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1267	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1268	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1269	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1270	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1271
127220151207:
1273	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1274	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1275	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1276	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1277	in src.conf(5).
1278
127920151130:
1280	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1281	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1282	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1283
128420151108:
1285	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1286	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1287	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1288
1289	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1290	collation results will be different.
1291
1292	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1293	locales before running make installworld.
1294
1295	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1296
129720151030:
1298	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1299	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1300
130120151020:
1302	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1303	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1304	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1305
130620151017:
1307	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1308	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1309	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1310	and 'make -N' will not.
1311
131220151012:
1313	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1314	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1315	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1316	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1317	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1318	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1319	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1320	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1321
132220151011:
1323	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1324	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1325	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1326	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1327
132820151006:
1329	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1330	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1331	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1332
133320150924:
1334	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1335	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1336	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1337	userland debug files.
1338
1339	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1340	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1341	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1342
1343	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1344	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1345
134620150827:
1347	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1348	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1349	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1350	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1351	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1352	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1353
135420150827:
1355	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1356	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1357	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1358
135920150817:
1360	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1361	them, the kernel must have
1362
1363	device	random
1364	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1365
1366	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1367	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1368	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1369	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1370
1371	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1372	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1373
137420150813:
1375	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1376	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1377	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1378
137920150810:
1380	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1381	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1382	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1383	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1384
1385	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1386	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1387	difference with this change.
1388
1389	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1390	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1391	remove that workaround.
1392
139320150809:
1394	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1395	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1396	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1397	with:
1398
1399	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1400
140120150806:
1402	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1403	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1404	loader.rc.local instead.
1405
140620150805:
1407	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1408	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1409	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1410
141120150728:
1412	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1413	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1414	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1415
1416	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1417	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1418
141920150706:
1420	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1421	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1422	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1423	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1424	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1425	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1426	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1427	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1428	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1429	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1430	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1431	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1432
143320150630:
1434	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1435	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1436
1437	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1438	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1439	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1440
1441	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1442	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1443
1444	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1445	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1446	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1447
1448	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1449	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1450	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1451	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1452
1453	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1454	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1455	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1456	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1457
1458	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1459	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1460	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1461	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1462	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1463	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1464	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1465	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1466	will never happen.
1467
146820150623:
1469	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1470	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1471
147220150616:
1473	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1474	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1475
147620150615:
1477	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1478	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1479	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1480	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1481	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1482
148320150614:
1484	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1485	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1486	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1487	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1488
148920150614:
1490	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1491	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1492	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1493	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1494	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1495	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1496	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1497
1498	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1499	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1500	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1501	   replace it with '2'.
1502	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1503	   a file path, create a new file with:
1504		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1505	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1506		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1507	5. Restart sendmail:
1508		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1509
1510	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1511	updated.
1512
151320150604:
1514	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1515	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1516	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1517	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1518	5.x.
1519
1520	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1521
152220150525:
1523	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1524	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1525	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1526
152720150521:
1528	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1529	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1530	and Pandaboard:
1531
1532	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1533	  same but content is different now
1534	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1535	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1536	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1537	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1538	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1539
154020150501:
1541	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1542	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1543	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1544
154520150423:
1546	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1547	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1548
154920150415:
1550	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1551	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1552
155320150416:
1554	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1555	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1556	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1557
155820150324:
1559	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1560	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1561	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1562	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1563
156420150315:
1565	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1566	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1567	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1568
156920150307:
1570	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1571	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1572	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1573	kernel before rebooting.
1574
157520150217:
1576	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1577	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1578	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1579	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1580	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1581	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1582
158320150210:
1584	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1585	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1586	with the new kernel.
1587
158820150131:
1589	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1590	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1591	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1592
159320150118:
1594	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1595	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1596	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1597	are not already using 3.5.0.
1598
159920150107:
1600	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1601	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1602	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1603	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1604	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1605
160620150105:
1607	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1608	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1609	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1610	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1611
161220150102:
1613	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1614	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1615
161620141231:
1617	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1618
1619	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1620	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1621	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1622	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1623	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1624	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1625	later.
1626
1627	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1628	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1629	of the box.
1630
1631	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1632	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1633	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1634	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1635
1636	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1637	the instructions for 9.x above.
1638
1639	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1640	default, and do not build clang.
1641
1642	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1643	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1644	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1645
1646	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1647	the following are most likely to appear:
1648
1649	-Wabsolute-value
1650
1651	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1652	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1653	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1654	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1655	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1656	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1657	  cast, or disable the warning.
1658
1659	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1660	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1661	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1662	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1663	  side-effects.
1664
1665	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1666	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1667
1668	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1669	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1670	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1671	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1672
1673	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1674	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1675	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1676	unreachable could be optimized away.
1677
167820141222:
1679	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1680	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1681	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1682	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1683	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1684	the utilities will report errors.
1685
168620141121:
1687	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1688	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1689	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1690	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1691	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1692	LOCAL_DIRS.
1693
169420141109:
1695	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1696	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1697
169820141104:
1699	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1700	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1701	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1702	drivers.
1703
1704	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1705	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1706	indicate what you need to do.
1707
1708	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1709	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1710	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1711
1712	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1713	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1714	  kern.vty=sc
1715
171620141102:
1717	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1718	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1719	execute it.
1720
172120141009:
1722	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1723	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1724	devel/gperf port.
1725
172620140923:
1727	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1728	contrib/pjdfstest .
1729
173020140922:
1731	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1732	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1733	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1734	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1735	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1736	their next update cycle.
1737
173820140729:
1739	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1740	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1741	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1742	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1743	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1744
174520140723:
1746	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1747	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1748
174920140719:
1750	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1751	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1752	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1753	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1754	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1755	new configuration.
1756
175720140709:
1758	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1759	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1760	them again.
1761	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1762
176320140708:
1764	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1765	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1766	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1767	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1768	requires readline.
1769
177020140702:
1771	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1772	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1773	architecture.
1774
177520140701:
1776	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1777	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1778	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1779	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1780	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1781
178220140629:
1783	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1784	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1785	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1786
178720140619:
1788	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1789	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1790	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1791
179220140606:
1793	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1794	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1795	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1796	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1797	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1798	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1799	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1800	"make installworld".
1801
1802	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1803	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1804	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1805	is run.
1806
1807	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1808	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1809	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1810	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1811	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1812
181320140512:
1814	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1815
181620140508:
1817	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1818	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1819	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1820
182120140505:
1822	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1823	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1824	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1825	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1826	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1827	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1828	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1829	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1830	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1831	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1832	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1833	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1834
1835	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1836	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1837	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1838	as well.
1839
184020140430:
1841	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1842	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1843
184420140424:
1845	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1846	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1847	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1848	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1849	build hosts for older releases.
1850
1851	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1852	r276991, respectively.
1853
185420140418:
1855	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1856	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1857	will silently lack HESIOD.
1858
185920140405:
1860	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1861	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1862	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1863	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1864	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1865	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1866	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1867	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1868	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1869	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1870	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1871	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1872
187320140306:
1874	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1875	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1876	with command line option -W.
1877
187820140226:
1879	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1880	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1881	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1882	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1883	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1884
188520140216:
1886	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1887
188820140216:
1889	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1890	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1891
189220140212:
1893	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1894	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1895	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1896	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1897	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1898
189920140204:
1900	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1901	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1902	kernel is still highly recommended.
1903
190420140131:
1905	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1906	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1907	capability mode support in kernel.
1908
190920140128:
1910	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1911	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1912	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1913	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1914	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1915
191620140110:
1917	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1918	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1919	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1920	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1921	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1922	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1923
192420131213:
1925	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1926	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1927	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1928	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1929	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1930	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1931	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1932	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1933	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1934
193520131108:
1936	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1937	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1938	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1939	should change your settings to use the latter.
1940
194120131025:
1942	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1943	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1944	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1945	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1946	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1947
194820131014:
1949	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1950	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1951	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1952	delete-old-libs":
1953	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1954	  or
1955	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1956
195720131010:
1958	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1959	revision r256279.
1960
1961COMMON ITEMS:
1962
1963	General Notes
1964	-------------
1965	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1966	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1967	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1968	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1969	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1970	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1971	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1972	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1973
1974	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1975	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1976	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1977	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1978	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1979	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1980	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1981	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1982	an exception.
1983
1984	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1985	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1986	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1987	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1988
1989	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1990	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1991	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1992	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1993	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1994	should write them with this in mind.
1995
1996	ZFS notes
1997	---------
1998	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1999	these two steps:
2000
2001	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2002	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2003
2004	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2005
2006	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2007	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2008	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2009
2010	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2011
2012	To build a kernel
2013	-----------------
2014	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2015	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2016	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2017
2018	make kernel-toolchain
2019	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2020	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2021
2022	To test a kernel once
2023	---------------------
2024	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2025	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2026	debugging information) run
2027	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2028	nextboot -k testkernel
2029
2030	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2031	-----------------------------------------------------------
2032	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2033	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2034
2035	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2036	make buildworld
2037	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2038	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2039							[1]
2040	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2041	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2042	make installworld
2043	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2044	make delete-old					[6]
2045	<reboot>
2046
2047	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2048	--------------------------------------------------
2049	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2050	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2051	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2052	# size.
2053
2054	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2055	<boot into -stable>
2056	make buildworld
2057	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2058	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2059	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2060	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2061	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2062	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2063	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2064	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2065	<reboot into current>
2066	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2067	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2068	<reboot>
2069
2070
2071	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2072	----------------------------------------------
2073	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2074	make buildworld					[9]
2075	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2076	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2077							[1]
2078	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2079	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2080	make installworld
2081	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2082	make delete-old					[6]
2083	<reboot>
2084
2085	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2086	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2087	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2088	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2089	the UPDATING entries.
2090
2091	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2092	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2093	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2094	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2095	much fewer pitfalls.
2096
2097	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2098	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2099	system on reboot.
2100
2101	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2102		fsck -p
2103		mount -u /
2104		mount -a
2105		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2106		cd src			# full path to source
2107		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2108	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2109	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2110
2111	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2112	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2113	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2114	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2115	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2116	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2117	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2118
2119	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2120	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2121	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2122	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2123	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2124	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2125
2126	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2127	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2128	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2129
2130	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2131	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2132	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2133	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2134	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2135	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2136	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2137	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2138
2139	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2140	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2141	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2142	for these as well.
2143
2144	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2145	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2146	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2147
2148	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2149	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2150	warn if it is improperly defined.
2151FORMAT:
2152
2153This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2154breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2155list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2156If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2157to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2158
2159Copyright information:
2160
2161Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2162
2163Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2164modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2165document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2166
2167THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2168IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2169WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2170DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2171INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2172(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2173SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2174HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2175STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2176IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2177POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2178
2179Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2180this document.
2181
2182$FreeBSD$
2183