xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 9f0f30bc1f5f08d25243952bad3fdc6e13a75c2a)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020250727:
31	bmake (i.e., /usr/bin/make and /usr/share/mk) has moved to a new
32	package, FreeBSD-bmake.  If you use pkgbase and you need make, you
33	should install this package.
34
3520250727:
36	LLVM's debugging assertions are now disabled in main by default.
37	The WITH_LLVM_ASSERTIONS src.conf(5) knob should be used to
38	enable it when working on LLVM or requesting help with it.
39
4020250726:
41	amd64 kernel configurations must contain "options SMP".
42
4320250725:
44	gssd(8) has been moved to a new package, FreeBSD-gssd.  If you use
45	pkgbase and you need gssd, you should install this package.
46
4720250724:
48	The Kerberos packages which are built when WITH_MITKRB5 is enabled
49	have been renamed from FreeBSD-krb5* to FreeBSD-kerberos*.  This
50	affects pkgbase users who manually enabled WITH_MITKRB5, *or* use
51	the default value of WITH_MITKRB5 and updated past c7da9fb90b0b
52	(20250721) which made WITH_MITKRB5 the default.
53
54	In either case, if you have FreeBSD-krb5* packages installed, you
55	should remove them and (re)install the equivalent FreeBSD-kerberos*
56	packages instead.
57
5820250721:
59	WITH_MITKRB5 is now enabled by default. MIT KRB5 has replaced
60	Heimdal in base. Ports that use USES=gssapi must be rebuilt.
61	A clean buildworld is required.
62
6320250719:
64	Commits 392a82b225 and c00baac0ab both changed the
65	internal API between the NFS modules.  As such, all
66	these modules need to be rebuilt from sources.
67	__FreeBSD_version was bumped to 1500053 for this.
68
6920250710:
70	The shar(1) utility has been removed from base.  The
71	sysutils/freebsd-shar port was created to maintain this version of
72	shar(1) past its removal from base.
73
7420250704:
75	LinuxKPI device.h and acpi changes effecting drivers and drm-kmod.
76	Bump __FreeBSD_version 1500050 to be able to detect these changes.
77
7820250630:
79	Commits 171f66b0c2ca and 8e2a90ac8089 changed the internal
80	api between nfscommon.ko and the other nfs modules.
81	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500049 for this.
82	All NFS related modules must be rebuilt from up-to-date
83	sources.
84
8520250625:
86	"make delete-old" will now remove the Forth bootloader entirely
87	if the system is built with WITHOUT_FORTH.
88
8920250614:
90	MIT KRB5 (MIT Kerberos5) has been imported into 15-CURRENT. To
91	and install MIT KRB5, add WITH_MITKRB5=yes to /etc/src.conf. This
92	will build and install MIT KRB5 1.21.3. And it will remove Heimdal
93	1.5.2 when delete-old and delete-old-libs are run. To revert back
94	simply buildworld/installworld again with delete-old-libs and
95	delete-old.
96
97	At the moment we only know of a couple of ports that might be
98	affected. Adjusting libmap.conf does not circumvent runtime issues.
99	The few affected ports must be rebuilt. A successful exp-run will be
100	run before MIT KRB5 becomes default.
101
102	Those using the KDC in FreeBSD base may wish to wait. The Heimdal
103	HDB is incompatible with the MIT KRB5 KDC. The migration procedure
104	is a little involved.
105
10620250603:
107	LinuxKPI dma-mapping.h were pulled into the tree from drm-kmod.
108	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1500045 to be able to detect this change.
109
11020250527:
111	pf changed extension header handling. It now treats AH headers on IPv4 just
112	like AH headers on IPv6 and skips over them, allowing filtering on the inner
113	protocol.
114
11520250527:
116	pf now blocks IPv6 packets with a hop-by-hop or destination options header by
117	default. Such packets can be passed by adding "allow-opts" to the rule. IPv6
118	options are now handled just like their IPv4 counterparts.
119
12020250527:
121	The CAM target layer userland, i.e. ctld(8), ctladm(8) and ctlstat(8),
122	has moved to the new FreeBSD-ctl package.  If you use pkgbase and you
123	need the CAM Target Layer, you should install the new package.
124
125	Development-related tools (e.g. ar and nm) have moved to the new
126	"FreeBSD-toolchain" package, which subsumes and obsoletes the
127	existing "FreeBSD-elftoolchain" package.  If you use pkgbase and
128	need to compile software, you should install the new package and
129	ensure the old FreeBSD-elftoolchain* packages are completely removed.
130
13120250521:
132	Commit e64fe5ad3a23 removed in6_maxmtu and its setter in6_setmaxmtu().
133	in6_maxmtu is used to store the max IPv6 MTU of all interfaces,
134	however it does not have any in-tree consumers since the introduction
135	from the KAME project. The removal should have little impact, and the
136	max IPv6 MTU can be easily retrieved by iterating over all the attached
137	interface if 3rd party modules need it.
138
13920250515:
140	Commit 772258c89f28 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
141	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
142
14320250513:
144	The bridge(4) sysctl net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs now defaults to 0,
145	meaning that interfaces added to a bridge may not have IP addresses
146	assigned.  Refer to bridge(4) for more information.
147
14820250507:
149	UMASS quirks and auto-quirk probing has been overhauled. CAM now won't
150	send SYNCHRONIZE CACHE unless MODE PAGE 8 is present and valid. This
151	should allow more devices to work (since the auto quirk code was updated
152	in 14 and broke several e-readers and the like). Please send imp@freebsd.org
153	any regression reports.
154
15520250504:
156	Commit 9419e086e1a3 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
157	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
158
15920250412:
160	LinuxKPI alloc routines were changed to return physically contiguous
161	memory where expected. These changes may require out-of-tree drivers
162	to be recompiled.
163	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500037 to be able to detect this change.
164
16520250409:
166	Intel iwlwifi firmware has been removed from the src repository.
167	Before updating their system, users of iwlwifi(4) or iwx(4) must
168	install the appropriate firmware for their chipset using fwget(8) or
169	building it from ports.
170
17120250314:
172	We now use LLVM's binary utilities (nm, objcopy, etc.) by default.
173	The WITHOUT_LLVM_BINUTILS src.conf(5) knob can be used to revert to
174	ELF Tool Chain tools if desired.
175
17620250303:
177	Commit 4a77657cbc01 changed the ABI between ipfw(8) and ipfw(4).
178	Please note that the old ipfw(8) binary will not work with the new
179	ipfw(4) module. Therefore, it is recommended to disable ipfw during
180	the upgrade, otherwise the host system may become inaccessible because
181	ipfw rules cannot be installed with the old binary.
182
18320250214:
184	Commit 4517fbfd4251 modified the internal API between the
185	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both of these modules
186	need to be rebuilt from sources.
187
18820250201:
189	The NFS related daemons, that provide RPC services to the kernel:
190	gssd(8), rpcbind(8), rpc.tlsservd(8) and rpc.tlsclntd(8), now use a
191	different transport - netlink(4) socket instead of unix(4).  Users of
192	NFS need to upgrade both kernel and world (binaries and libc) at once.
193	Also, any revision between 88cd1e17a7d8 and 99e5a70046da should be
194	avoided.
195
19620250129:
197	Defer the January 19, 2038 date limit in UFS1 filesystems to
198	February 7, 2106. This affects only UFS1 format filesystems.
199	See commit message 1111a44301da for details.
200
20120250127:
202	The Allwinner a10_timer driver has been renamed to aw_driver. If you
203	have a custom kernel configuration including the line 'device
204	a10_timer', it must be adjusted to 'device aw_timer'. The same applies
205	for device exclusions with 'nodevice'.
206
20720250106:
208	A new SOC_ROCKCHIP options appeared, so if you have a custom kernel configuration
209	targetting Rockchip SoC you need to add it so shared and mandatory drivers for
210	this SoC familly will be selected.
211	Also a new rk8xx device was added, this select the base driver for Rockchip PMIC.
212
21320241223:
214	The layout of NFS file handles for the tarfs, tmpfs, cd9660, and ext2fs
215	file systems has changed.  An NFS server that exports any of these file
216	systems will need its clients to unmount and remount the exports.
217
21820241216:
219	The iwm(4) firmwares are no longer compiled as kernel modules but instead
220	shipped as raw files. For pkgbase users if you use iwm(4) you will need
221	to install the FreeBSD-firmware-iwm package.
222
22320241124:
224	The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC
225	option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version
226	imported more than 4 years ago have been removed.
227
22820241107:
229	The ng_ubt(4) driver now requires firmwares to be loaded on Realtek
230	adaptors with rtlbtfw(8) utility. It no longer attaches to devices
231	standing in bootloader mode. Firmware files are available in the
232	comms/rtlbt-firmware port.
233
23420241025:
235	The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from
236	rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are
237	advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts
238	do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across
239	all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown.
240
24120241013:
242	The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that
243	caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached
244	to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing
245	and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions.
246
24720240729:
248	The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean
249	is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel.  The
250	WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous
251	behaviour.
252
253	If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the
254	freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be
255	added, if necessary.
256
25720240715:
258	We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional
259	devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring
260	instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc
261	have been removed.  Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like:
262		uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15.
263	to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa
264	in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards
265	are known to be affected, but there may be others.
266
26720240712:
268	Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed.
269
27020240617:
271	ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error.
272	Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the
273	ifconfig command line and in rc.conf.
274
27520240428:
276	OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
277	package FreeBSD-audit.  If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
278	should install FreeBSD-audit.
279
28020240424:
281	cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
282	own packages.  If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
283	packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
284
28520240406:
286	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
287	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
288	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
289	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
290	errors in C++ programs.
291
29220240205:
293	For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
294	libsys rather than libc.  No change in linkage is required as
295	libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc.  People building custom
296	images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
297
29820240202:
299	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
300	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
301	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
302	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
303
304	The following sequencing is applied:
305
306	1. Bootstrap:
307	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
308
309	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
310	    /boot/device.hints
311	    /boot/loader.conf
312
313	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
314	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
315
316	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
317	    /boot/loader.conf.local
318
31920240201:
320	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
321	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
322	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
323	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
324	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
325
32620240111:
327	Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
328	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
329	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
330	bumped to 1500010.
331
33220231120:
333	If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
334	loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point.  Detection of ACPI
335	was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
336	binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
337	undisable ACPI by doing
338		OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
339	This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
340	small window where amd64 was also broken.
341
34220231113:
343	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
344	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
345
34620231027:
347	Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
348	"ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
349
35020231018:
351	Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
352	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  Both must be rebuilt from sources.
353
35420231010:
355	dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
356	time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
357	box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
358	dialog(1).
359
360	If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
361	from ports:
362
363	pkg install cdialog
364
36520230927:
366	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
367	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
368	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
369
37020230922:
371	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
372	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
373	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
374
37520230914:
376	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
377	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
378
37920230911:
380	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
381	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
382	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
383	for these file moves:
384
385		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
386		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
387		pkg upgrade -y
388
38920230909:
390	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
391	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
392	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
393	corresponding kernel environment variables.
394
39520230901:
396	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
397	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
398
39920230824:
400	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
401
40220230817:
403	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
404	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
405	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
406	configuration.
407
408	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
409	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
410	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
411	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
412	with the serial port at 115200.
413
41420230807:
415	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
416	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
417	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
418	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
419	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
420
42120230803:
422	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
423	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
424
42520230724:
426	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
427	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
428	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
429	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
430	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
431
43220230713:
433	stable/14 branch created.
434
43520230629:
436	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
437	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
438	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
439	file a PR and assign it to imp.
440
44120230623:
442	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
443	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
444	after upgrading.
445
44620230619:
447	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
448	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
449	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
450	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
451
452		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
453		service pf restart
454
455	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
456	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
457
45820230613:
459	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
460	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
461	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
462	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
463	already properly quoted or escaped.
464
46520230612:
466	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
467	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
468	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
469	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
470	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
471	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
472	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
473	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
474
475	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
476	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
477
47820230422:
479	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
480	using git instead.
481
48220230420:
483	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
484	eg.
485		make buildworld-jobs
486	runs
487		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
488
489	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
490
49120230316:
492	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
493	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
494	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
495	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
496	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
497	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
498	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
499	exist anymore.
500
50120230221:
502	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
503	for details.
504
50520230206:
506	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
507	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
508	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
509
51020230204:
511	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
512	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
513
51420230130:
515	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
516	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
517	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
518
51920230126:
520	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
521	system are now built unconditionally.
522
52320230113:
524	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
525	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
526
52720221212:
528	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
529	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
530
531	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
532	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
533	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
534
53520221205:
536	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
537	to reenable sendmail(8):
538
539	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
540
541	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
542
54320221204:
544	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
545	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
546	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
547	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
548	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
549	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
550
551	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
552
55320221122:
554	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
555	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
556	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
557
55820221121:
559	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
560	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
561
56220221026:
563	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
564	for pkgbase users to do:
565
566	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
567	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
568
569	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
570	installed.
571
57220221002:
573	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
574	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
575	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
576	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
577
57820220610:
579	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
580	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
581
58220211230:
583	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
584	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
585	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
586	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
587	reflect this change.
588
58920211214:
590	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
591	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
592
59320211209:
594	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
595	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
596	the coming days and weeks.
597
598	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
599	or touch
600		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
601		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
602		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
603		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
604	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
605
60620211202:
607	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
608	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
609	statement in unbound.conf:
610		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
611
612	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
613
614	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
615	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
616	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
617	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
618	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
619	such names when roaming to different homenets.
620
62120211110:
622	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
623	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
624	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
625	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
626	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
627	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
628	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
629	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
630	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
631	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
632	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
633
63420211118:
635	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
636	tree shortly.
637
63820211106:
639	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
640	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
641	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
642	may need to be modified.
643
64420211022:
645	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
646	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
647	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
648
64920211020:
650	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
651	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
652
653	# chsh -s csh
654
65520211004:
656	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
657	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
658	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
659	this change.
660
66120210923:
662	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
663	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
664	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
665	list of modules to load on their systems.
666
66720210922:
668	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
669	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
670	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
671	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
672
67320210911:
674	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
675	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
676	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
677	being loaded.
678
67920210817:
680	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
681	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
682	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
683	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
684	application-specific configuration option for applications
685	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
686
68720210811:
688	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
689	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
690
69120210730:
692	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
693	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
694	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
695	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
696
69720210729:
698	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
699	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
700	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
701
70220210716:
703	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
704	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
705	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
706
70720210715:
708	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
709	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
710	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
711	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
712	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
713	to update your sources past the above hash and do
714		% cd usr.bin/awk
715		% make clean all
716		% sudo -E make install
717	to enable building kernels again.
718
71920210708:
720	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
721	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
722	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
723
72420210707:
725	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
726	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
727
72820210624:
729	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
730	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
731	for NFSv4 mounts.
732	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
733
73420210618:
735	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
736	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
737	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
738	additions and others.
739
74020210618:
741	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
742	renamed to "untrusted".
743
74420210611:
745	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
746	please install the svn package or port.
747
74820210611:
749	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
750	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
751	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
752
75320210610:
754	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
755
75620210608:
757	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
758	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
759https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
760	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
761	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
762	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
763	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
764
76520210525:
766	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
767	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
768	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
769	detect this.
770
77120210513:
772	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
773	libraries and utilities are packaged.
774	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
775	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
776	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
777	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
778	on the system.
779
78020210426:
781	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
782	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
783	need to be rebuilt from sources.
784	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
785	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
786	is not recommended.
787
78820210411:
789	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
790	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
791	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
792	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
793	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
794	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
795
79620210330:
797	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
798	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
799	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
800	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
801
80220210225:
803	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
804	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
805	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
806
80720210128:
808	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
809	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
810	update.
811
81220210121:
813	stable/13 branch created.
814
81520210108:
816	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
817	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
818	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
819	since it was bumped so recently.
820
82120210107:
822	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
823	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
824	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
825	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
826
82720210105:
828	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
829	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
830	requires a clean build.
831
83220201223:
833	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
834	instructions can be found at
835	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
836	and other documents in that repo.
837
83820201216:
839	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
840	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
841	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
842	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
843
84420201215:
845	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
846	may be installed from ports or packages.
847
84820201124:
849	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
850	See ping(8) for details.
851
85220201108:
853	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
854	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
855	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
856
85720201030:
858	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
859	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
860	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
861	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
862	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
863
86420201026:
865	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
866	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
867	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
868	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
869	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
870	find.
871
87220200923:
873	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
874	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
875	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
876	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
877
878	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
879	command you want to un-auger the tree is
880		cd sys/amd64/conf
881		svn revert -R .
882	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
883	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
884
88520200824:
886	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
887	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
888	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
889	unless you  want to use new features.
890
891	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
892	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
893	rebuilding world may fail.
894
895	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
896	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
897
898	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
899	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
900	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
901	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
902
90320200824:
904	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
905	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
906	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
907	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
908
90920200821:
910	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
911	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
912	sources.
913
91420200817:
915	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
916	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
917
91820200816:
919	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
920	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
921	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
922	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
923
92420200810:
925	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
926	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
927	from sources, so a version bump was done.
928
92920200807:
930	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
931	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
932	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
933	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
934
93520200729:
936	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
937	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
938	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
939	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
940	continue to function.
941
942	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
943	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
944	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
945	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
946
94720200627:
948	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
949	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
950	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
951	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
952	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
953	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
954	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
955
95620200625:
957	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
958	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
959
96020200613:
961	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
962	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
963	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
964
96520200604:
966	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
967	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
968	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
969	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
970
971	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
972	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
973	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
974	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
975	/root/.shrc.
976
97720200523:
978	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
979	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
980	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
981	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
982
98320200512:
984	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
985	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
986
98720200424:
988	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
989	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
990	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
991	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
992	be functional without closefrom(2).
993
99420200414:
995	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
996	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
997	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
998	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
999	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
1000	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
1001
100220200310:
1003	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1004	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1005	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1006	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1007
100820200309:
1009	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
1010	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
1011	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
1012
101320200301:
1014	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
1015
101620200229:
1017	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
1018	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
1019	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
1020
102120200229:
1022	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
1023	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
1024
102520200229:
1026	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
1027	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
1028	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
1029	ports or packages.
1030
103120200220:
1032	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
1033	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
1034	ncurses.
1035
103620200217:
1037	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
1038	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
1039	together with their new kernel.
1040
104120200212:
1042	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
1043	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
1044	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
1045
1046	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
1047	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
1048
104920200108:
1050	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
1051	linker for riscv64.
1052
105320200107:
1054	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
1055	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
1056	external toolchain package.
1057
105820200104:
1059	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
1060	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
1061	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
1062	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
1063	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
1064
106520200102:
1066	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
1067	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
1068	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
1069	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
1070
107120191226:
1072	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
1073	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
1074	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
1075	ABI.
1076
107720191226:
1078	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
1079
108020191222:
1081	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1082	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1083	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1084	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1085
108620191212:
1087	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
1088	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
1089	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
1090
109120191205:
1092	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
1093	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
1094	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
1095	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
1096	differences between those included in the port and those included in
1097	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
1098	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
1099	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
1100
110120191120:
1102	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
1103	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
1104	for automounting.
1105
110620191107:
1107	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
1108	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
1109	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
1110	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
1111	add superio to the set.
1112
111320191021:
1114	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
1115	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
1116
111720191021:
1118	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
1119	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
1120	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
1121	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
1122	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
1123	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
1124	completely in the future.
1125
112620191009:
1127	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
1128	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
1129	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
1130	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
1131	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
1132	will be removed from the list.
1133
113420191009:
1135	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1136	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1137	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1138	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1139
114020191003:
1141	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
1142	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
1143	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
1144	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
1145
114620190913:
1147	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
1148	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
1149	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
1150	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
1151
115220190823:
1153	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
1154	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
1155	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
1156
115720190727:
1158	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
1159	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
1160	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
1161	your scripts, because they had no effect.
1162
1163	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
1164	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
1165	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
1166	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
1167	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
1168
116920190713:
1170	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
1171	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
1172	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
1173	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
1174	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
1175	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
1176	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
1177
117820190620:
1179	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
1180	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
1181	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
1182	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
1183
118420190612:
1185	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1186	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1187	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1188	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1189
119020190608:
1191	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
1192	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
1193	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
1194
119520190513:
1196	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
1197	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
1198	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
1199	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
1200	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
1201	avoid running into the limit.
1202
120320190507:
1204	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
1205	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
1206
120720190507:
1208	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
1209	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
1210	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
1211	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
1212	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
1213	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
1214
121520190418:
1216	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
1217	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
1218	entropy:
1219
1220	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
1221	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
1222	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
1223	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
1224	availability properties.
1225
1226	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1227	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
1228	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
1229	initial condition, if desired.
1230
1231	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1232	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
1233
1234	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
1235	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
1236	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
1237	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
1238
123920190416:
1240	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
1241	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
1242	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
1243	therefore unblocked).
1244
124520190404:
1246	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
1247	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
1248	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
1249	is added to the command line.
1250	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
1251	not affected and should continue to work.
1252
125320190320:
1254	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1255	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1256	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1257	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1258
125920190304:
1260	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1261	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1262	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1263	or higher.
1264
126520190226:
1266	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
1267	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1268	kernel config.
1269
127020190219:
1271	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1272	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1273	migrating to the drm ports.
1274
127520190131:
1276	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
1277	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1278	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
1279	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1280	is loaded automatically.
1281
128220190125:
1283	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1284	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1285	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1286	kernel config files.
1287
128820181230:
1289	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1290	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1291	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1292	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1293
129420181220:
1295	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1296	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
1297	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1298	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1299	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1300	most NFSv4 mounts.
1301
130220181219:
1303	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1304	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1305	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1306
1307	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1308	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1309
1310	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1311	removed from the mips port.
1312
131320181211:
1314	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1315	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1316	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1317	or higher.
1318
131920181211:
1320	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1321	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1322
132320181126:
1324	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1325	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1326	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1327	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1328
132920181123:
1330	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1331	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1332	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1333
133420181115:
1335	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1336	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1337	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1338	FreeBSD versions.
1339
134020181110:
1341	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1342	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1343	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1344
1345	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1346	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1347	being included using the command:
1348		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1349
135020181019:
1351	Stable/12 was branched created.
1352
135320181015:
1354	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1355	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1356	drm-legacy-kmod.
1357
1358	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1359	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1360	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1361	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1362	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1363	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1364	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1365	that as you will get better support.
1366
1367	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1368	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1369	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1370	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1371
1372	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1373	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1374	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1375	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1376	shortly.
1377
137820181012:
1379	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1380	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1381	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1382	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1383	be adjusted as necessary.
1384
138520181009:
1386	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1387	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1388	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1389	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1390
139120181006:
1392	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1393	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1394	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1395	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1396	encouraged.
1397
139820181002:
1399	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1400	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1401	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1402	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1403	nda device name.
1404
140520180913:
1406	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1407	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1408	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1409	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1410	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1411	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1412
141320180826:
1414	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1415	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1416	default since FreeBSD-11.
1417
141820180822:
1419	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1420	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1421	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1422
142320180818:
1424	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1425	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1426	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1427	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1428	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1429	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1430	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1431
1432	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1433	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1434
143520180815:
1436	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1437	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1438	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1439	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1440	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1441	may not be observed in a future release.
1442
144320180808:
1444	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1445	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1446	your environment.
1447
144820180731:
1449	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1450	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1451	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1452	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1453
145420180730:
1455	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1456	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1457	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1458	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1459	runtime services.
1460
146120180727:
1462	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1463	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1464	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1465
146620180723:
1467	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1468	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1469	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1470	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1471	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1472
147320180720:
1474	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1475	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1476	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1477	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1478	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1479	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1480
148120180719:
1482	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1483	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1484	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1485	boot_serial=YES
1486	boot_multicons=YES
1487	in /boot/loader.conf
1488	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1489	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1490	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1491
149220180719:
1493	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1494	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1495	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1496	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1497	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1498	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1499	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1500	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1501	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1502	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1503	by the ntpd user.
1504
150520180717:
1506	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1507
150820180711:
1509	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1510	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1511	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1512	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1513	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1514
151520180705:
1516	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1517	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1518	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1519	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1520	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1521	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1522
152320180702:
1524	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1525	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1526
152720180701:
1528	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1529	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1530	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1531	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1532	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1533	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1534	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1535
153620180630:
1537	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1538	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1539	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1540	or higher.
1541
154220180628:
1543	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1544	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1545	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1546	file.
1547
154820180612:
1549	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1550	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1551
155220180530:
1553	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1554	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1555	longer necessary.
1556
155720180530:
1558	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1559	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1560	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1561	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1562
156320180523:
1564	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1565	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1566	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1567	later than r334108.
1568
156920180517:
1570	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1571	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1572	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1573	it must be removed.
1574
157520180510:
1576	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1577	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1578	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1579	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1580	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1581	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1582	will go away.
1583
1584	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1585	workaround is necessary.
1586
158720180508:
1588	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1589	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1590	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1591	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1592
159320180504:
1594	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1595	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1596	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1597	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1598	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1599
160020180502:
1601	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1602	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1603	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1604	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1605
160620180501:
1607	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1608	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1609	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1610	be removed.
1611
161220180413:
1613	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1614	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1615	removed.
1616
161720180411:
1618	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1619	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1620	removed.
1621
162220180406:
1623	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1624	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1625	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1626	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1627	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1628
1629	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1630	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1631	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1632	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1633	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1634	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1635	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1636
1637	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1638	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1639
1640		source src {
1641			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1642		}
1643
1644	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1645	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1646	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1647
1648		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1649
1650	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1651	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1652	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1653	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1654	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1655	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1656	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1657
1658	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1659	change.
1660
166120180328:
1662	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1663	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1664	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1665
166620180323:
1667	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1668	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1669	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1670	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1671	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1672	should be as simple as:
1673
1674		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1675		$ make depend all install
1676
167720180212:
1678	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1679	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1680	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1681	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1682	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1683	provisions for backup boot methods.
1684
168520180211:
1686	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1687	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1688	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1689	imp@freebsd.org.
1690
169120180114:
1692	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1693	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1694	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1695	or higher.
1696
169720180110:
1698	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1699	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1700	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1701
1702	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1703	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1704
170520180110:
1706	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1707	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1708	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1709	remove it from kernel config files.
1710
171120180104:
1712	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1713	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1714	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1715
1716	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1717	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1718
171920180102:
1720	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1721	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1722	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1723	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1724
172520171215:
1726	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1727	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1728
172920171214:
1730	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1731	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1732	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1733	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1734
173520171125:
1736	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1737	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1738	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1739	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1740	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1741	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1742
174320171110:
1744	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1745	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1746	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1747
174820171106:
1749	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1750	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1751	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1752	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1753	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1754
175520171102:
1756	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1757	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1758	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1759	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1760	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1761	environment.
1762
176320171101:
1764	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1765	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1766	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1767	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1768	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1769	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1770	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1771	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1772	than hardcoding paths.
1773
177420171028:
1775	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1776	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1777	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1778
177920171021:
1780	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1781	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1782	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1783	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1784
178520171010:
1786	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1787	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1788
178920171005:
1790	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1791	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1792	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1793	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1794
179520171003:
1796	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1797	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1798	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1799	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1800	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1801
180220170912:
1803	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1804	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1805	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1806	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1807	/etc/ctl.conf .
1808
180920170912:
1810	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1811	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1812	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1813	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1814	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1815
181620170826:
1817	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1818	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1819
182020170825:
1821	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1822	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1823	to complete.
1824
182520170814:
1826	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1827	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1828	${TESTSDIR}.
1829
1830	Behavioral changes:
1831	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1832	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1833	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1834	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1835
1836	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1837	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1838	sandbox if successful.
1839
1840	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1841	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1842	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1843	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1844	an unprivileged user.
1845
184620170808:
1847	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1848	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1849	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1850	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1851	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1852	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1853	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1854	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1855	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1856	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1857	to which you should answer yes.
1858
185920170728:
1860	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1861	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1862	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1863	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1864	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1865
186620170722:
1867	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1868	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1869	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1870
187120170701:
1872	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1873	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1874
187520170625:
1876	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1877	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1878	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1879	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1880	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1881	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1882	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1883
188420170623:
1885	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1886	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1887	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1888	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1889	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1890	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1891
189220170620:
1893	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1894	if you require the GPL compiler.
1895
189620170619:
1897	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1898	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1899	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1900	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1901	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1902	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1903
190420170618:
1905	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1906	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1907	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1908
190920170617:
1910	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1911	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1912	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1913	followed.
1914
191520170531:
1916	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1917	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1918	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1919	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1920	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1921	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1922
192320170524:
1924	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1925	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1926	which only require one chipset support.
1927
1928	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1929
1930	if_ath_load="YES"
1931
1932	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1933	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1934	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1935
1936	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1937	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1938
1939	* load ath_hal
1940	* load the chip modules in question
1941	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1942	* load ath_main
1943	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1944	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1945
1946	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1947
194820170523:
1949	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1950	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1951	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1952
1953	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1954	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1955	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1956
1957	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1958	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1959	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1960	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1961	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1962	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1963	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1964	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1965
196620170424:
1967	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1968	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1969	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1970
197120170420:
1972	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1973	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1974	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1975
197620170413:
1977	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1978	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1979	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1980	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1981	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1982	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1983	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1984
198520170407:
1986	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1987	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1988	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1989	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1990
199120170405:
1992	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1993	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1994	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1995
199620170331:
1997	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1998	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1999	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
2000
200120170329:
2002	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
2003	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
2004
2005	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
2006	via one of the following methods:
2007	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
2008	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
2009	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
2010	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
2011
2012	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
2013
201420170316:
2015	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
2016	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
2017	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
2018	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
2019	with mmc.ko).
2020
202120170315:
2022	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
2023	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
2024	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
2025	be prefixed with colon.
2026
202720170311:
2028	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
2029	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
2030	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
2031
203220170302:
2033	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
2034	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2035	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2036
203720170221:
2038	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
2039	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
2040	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
2041	change.
2042
204320170216:
2044	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
2045	valid.
2046
204720170215:
2048	MCA bus support has been removed.
2049
205020170127:
2051	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
2052	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
2053
205420170112:
2055	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
2056	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
2057
205820170109:
2059	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
2060	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
2061	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
2062	configuration.
2063
206420161217:
2065	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
2066	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2067	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2068
206920161124:
2070	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
2071	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2072	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2073
207420161119:
2075	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
2076	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
2077	that link against it need to be recompiled.
2078
207920161030:
2080	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
2081	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
2082	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
2083	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
2084
208520161017:
2086	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
2087	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
2088	parts.
2089	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
2090	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
2091
209220161015:
2093	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
2094	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2095	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
2096	removed from base.
2097
209820161008:
2099	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
2100	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
2101	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
2102
210320161003:
2104	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
2105	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
2106
210720160924:
2108	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
2109	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
2110	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
2111	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
2112
211320160918:
2114	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
2115	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
2116	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
2117	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2118	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
2119
212020160918:
2121	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
2122
212320160908:
2124	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
2125	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
2126	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
2127	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
2128
212920160824:
2130	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
2131	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
2132	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
2133	to 1200005.
2134
213520160818:
2136	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
2137	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
2138	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
2139	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
2140	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
2141	0.
2142
214320160818:
2144	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
2145	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
2146
214720160708:
2148	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
2149
2150After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
2151from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
2152entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
2153UPDATING file.
2154
2155COMMON ITEMS:
2156
2157	General Notes
2158	-------------
2159	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2160	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2161	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2162	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2163	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2164	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2165	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2166	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2167
2168	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2169	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2170	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2171	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2172	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2173	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2174	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2175	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2176	an exception.
2177
2178	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2179	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2180	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2181	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2182	step.
2183
2184	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2185	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2186	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2187	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2188
2189	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2190	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2191	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2192	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2193	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2194	should write them with this in mind.
2195
2196	ZFS notes
2197	---------
2198	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
2199	always follow these three steps:
2200
2201	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2202	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2203
2204	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
2205	doing a zpool upgrade):
2206
2207	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
2208	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2209		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
2210	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
2211
2212	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
2213	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
2214	zpool upgrade.
2215
2216	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2217
2218	EFI notes
2219	---------
2220
2221	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
2222	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
2223	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
2224	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
2225	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
2226	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
2227	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
2228	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
2229
2230	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
2231	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
2232	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
2233	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
2234
2235	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
2236	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
2237	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
2238	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
2239
2240	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
2241
2242	To build a kernel
2243	-----------------
2244	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2245	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2246	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2247
2248	make kernel-toolchain
2249	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2250	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2251
2252	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
2253
2254	To test a kernel once
2255	---------------------
2256	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2257	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2258	debugging information) run
2259	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2260	nextboot -k testkernel
2261
2262	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2263	-----------------------------------------------------------
2264	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2265	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2266
2267	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2268	make buildworld
2269	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2270	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2271	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2272	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2273	etcupdate -p					[5]
2274	make installworld
2275	etcupdate -B					[4]
2276	make delete-old					[6]
2277	<reboot>
2278
2279	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2280	--------------------------------------------------
2281	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2282	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2283	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2284	# size.
2285
2286	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2287	<boot into -stable>
2288	make buildworld
2289	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2290	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2291	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2292	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2293	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2294	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2295	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2296	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2297	<reboot into current>
2298	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2299	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2300	<reboot>
2301
2302
2303	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2304	----------------------------------------------
2305	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2306	make buildworld					[9]
2307	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2308	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2309	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2310	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2311	etcupdate -p					[5]
2312	make installworld
2313	etcupdate -B					[4]
2314	make delete-old					[6]
2315	<reboot>
2316
2317	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2318	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2319	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2320	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2321	the UPDATING entries.
2322
2323	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2324	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2325	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2326	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2327	much fewer pitfalls.
2328
2329FOOTNOTES:
2330
2331	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2332	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2333	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2334	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2335	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2336	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2337	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2338	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2339	and effective, eg:
2340	     PORTS_MODULES+=graphics/drm-kmod graphics/nvidia-drm-kmod
2341
2342	[2] To make complete dumps on zfs(4), use bectl(8), which
2343	creates bootable snapshots of configurable depth that are
2344	selectable via the bootloader. For ufs(4), use dump(8) and
2345	restore(8).
2346
2347	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2348		fsck -p
2349		mount -u /
2350		mount -a
2351		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2352		cd src			# full path to source
2353		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2354	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2355	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2356
2357	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2358	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2359	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2360	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2361	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2362	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2363
2364	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2365	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2366	step.
2367
2368	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2369	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2370	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2371
2372	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2373	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2374	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2375	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2376	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2377	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2378	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2379	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2380
2381	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2382	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2383	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2384	for these as well.
2385
2386	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2387	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2388	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2389
2390	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2391	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2392	warn if it is improperly defined.
2393FORMAT:
2394
2395This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2396breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2397list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2398If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2399to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2400
2401Copyright information:
2402
2403Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2404
2405Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2406modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2407document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2408
2409THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2410IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2411WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2412DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2413INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2414(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2415SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2416HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2417STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2418IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2419POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2420
2421Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2422this document.
2423