xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 9a41926bfb664dd77659d1615ba55d75c2c530a8)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
3420190320:
35	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
36	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
37	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
38	"options FUSE" enties in kernel config files.
39
4020190304:
41	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
42	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
43	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
44	or higher.
45
4620190226:
47	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
48	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
49	kernel config.
50
5120190219:
52	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
53	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
54	migrating to the drm ports.
55
5620190131:
57	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
58	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
59	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
60	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
61	is loaded automatically.
62
6320190125:
64	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
65	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
66	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
67	kernel config files.
68
6920181230:
70	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
71	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
72	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
73	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
74
7520181220:
76	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
77	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
78	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
79	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
80	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
81	most NFSv4 mounts.
82
8320181219:
84	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
85	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
86	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
87
88	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
89	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
90
91	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
92	removed from the mips port.
93
9420181211:
95	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
96	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
97	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
98	or higher.
99
10020181211:
101	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
102	the time with these deamons has been obsolete for over a decade.
103
10420181126:
105	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
106	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
107	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
108	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
109
11020181123:
111	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
112	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
113	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
114
11520181115:
116	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
117	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
118	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
119	FreeBSD versions.
120
12120181110:
122	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
123	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
124	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
125
126	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
127	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
128	being included using the command:
129		$ newsyslog -Nrv
130
13120181015:
132	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
133	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
134	drm-legacy-kmod.
135
136	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
137	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
138	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
139	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
140	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
141	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
142	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
143	that as you will get better support.
144
145	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
146	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
147	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
148	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
149
150	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
151	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
152	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
153	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
154	shortly.
155
15620181012:
157	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
158	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
159	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
160	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
161	be adjusted as necessary.
162
16320181009:
164	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
165	additional various API changes througout the base system.  It is
166	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
167	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
168
16920181006:
170	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
171	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
172	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
173	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
174	encouraged.
175
17620181002:
177	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
178	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
179	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
180	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
181	nda device name.
182
18320180913:
184	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
185	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
186	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
187	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
188	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
189	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
190
19120180826:
192	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
193	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
194	default since FreeBSD-11.
195
19620180822:
197	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
198	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
199	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
200
20120180818:
202	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
203	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
204	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
205	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
206	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
207	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
208	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
209
210	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
211	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
212
21320180815:
214	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
215	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
216	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
217	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
218	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
219	may not be observed in a future release.
220
22120180808:
222	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
223	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
224	your environment.
225
22620180731:
227	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
228	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
229	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
230	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
231
23220180730:
233	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
234	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
235	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
236	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
237	runtime services.
238
23920180727:
240	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
241	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
242	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
243
24420180723:
245	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
246	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
247	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
248	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
249	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
250
25120180720:
252	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
253	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
254	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
255	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
256	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
257	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
258
25920180719:
260	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
261	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
262	setup a framebuffer for us to use, just add :
263	boot_serial=YES
264	boot_multicons=YES
265	in /boot/loader.conf
266	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
267	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a framebuffer are that
268	u-boot will expose as an EFI framebuffer.
269
27020180719:
271	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
272	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
273	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
274	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
275	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
276	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
277	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
278	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
279	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
280	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
281	by the ntpd user.
282
28320180717:
284	Big endian arm support has been removed.
285
28620180711:
287	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
288	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
289	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
290	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
291	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
292
29320180705:
294	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
295	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
296	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
297	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
298	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
299	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
300
30120180702:
302	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
303	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
304
30520180701:
306	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
307	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
308	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
309	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
310	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
311	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
312	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
313
31420180630:
315	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
316	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
317	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
318	or higher.
319
32020180628:
321	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
322	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
323	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
324	file.
325
32620180612:
327	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
328	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
329
33020180530:
331	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
332	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
333	longer necessary.
334
33520180530:
336	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
337	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
338	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
339	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
340
34120180523:
342	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
343	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
344	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
345	later than r334108.
346
34720180517:
348	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
349	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
350	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
351	it must be removed.
352
35320180510:
354	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
355	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
356	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
357	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
358	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
359	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
360	will go away.
361
362	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
363	workaround is necessary.
364
36520180508:
366	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
367	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was aquired by Exar and
368	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
369	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
370
37120180504:
372	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
373	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
374	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
375	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
376	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
377
37820180502:
379	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
380	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
381	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
382	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
383
38420180501:
385	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
386	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
387	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
388	be removed.
389
39020180413:
391	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
392	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
393	removed.
394
39520180411:
396	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
397	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
398	removed.
399
40020180406:
401	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
402	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
403	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
404	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
405	microseconds and time zone offsets.
406
407	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
408	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
409	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
410	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
411	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
412	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
413	adjustments, depending on the software used.
414
415	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
416	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
417
418		source src {
419			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
420		}
421
422	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
423	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
424	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
425
426		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
427
428	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
429	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
430	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
431	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
432	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
433	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
434	thus expected to continue to function as before.
435
436	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
437	change.
438
43920180328:
440	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
441	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
442	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
443
44420180323:
445	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
446	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
447	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
448	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
449	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
450	should be as simple as:
451
452		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
453		$ make depend all install
454
45520180212:
456	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
457	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
458	Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
459	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
460	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
461	provisions for backup boot methods.
462
46320180211:
464	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
465	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
466	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
467	imp@freebsd.org.
468
46920180114:
470	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
471	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
472	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
473	or higher.
474
47520180110:
476	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
477	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
478	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
479
480	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
481        WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
482
48320180110:
484	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
485	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
486	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
487	remove it from kernel config files.
488
48920180104:
490	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
491	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
492	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
493
494	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
495	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
496
49720180102:
498	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
499	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
500	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
501	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
502
50320171215:
504	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
505	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
506
50720171214:
508	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
509	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
510	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
511	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
512
51320171125:
514	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
515	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
516	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
517	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
518	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
519	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
520
52120171110:
522	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
523	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
524	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
525
52620171106:
527	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
528	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
529	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
530	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
531	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
532
53320171102:
534	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
535	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
536	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
537	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
538	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
539	environment.
540
54120171101:
542	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
543	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
544	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
545	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
546	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
547	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
548	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
549	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
550	than hardcoding paths.
551
55220171028:
553	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
554	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
555	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
556
55720171021:
558	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
559	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
560	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
561	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
562
56320171010:
564	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
565	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
566
56720171005:
568	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
569	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
570	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
571	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
572
57320171003:
574	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
575	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
576	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
577	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
578	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
579
58020170912:
581	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
582	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
583	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
584	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
585	/etc/ctl.conf .
586
58720170912:
588	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
589	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
590	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
591	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
592	soft-float everything else should be affected.
593
59420170826:
595	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
596	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
597
59820170825:
599	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
600	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
601	to complete.
602
60320170814:
604	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
605	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
606	${TESTSDIR}.
607
608	Behavioral changes:
609	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
610	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
611	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
612	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
613
614	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
615	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
616	sandbox if successful.
617
618	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
619	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
620	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
621	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
622	an unprivileged user.
623
62420170808:
625	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
626	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
627	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
628	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
629	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
630	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
631	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
632	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
633	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
634	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
635	to which you should answer yes.
636
63720170728:
638	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
639	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
640	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
641	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
642	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
643
64420170722:
645	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
646	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
647	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
648
64920170701:
650	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
651	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
652
65320170625:
654	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
655	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
656	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
657	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
658	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
659	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
660	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
661
66220170623:
663	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
664	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
665	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
666	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
667	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
668	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
669
67020170620:
671	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
672	if you require the GPL compiler.
673
67420170618:
675	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
676	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
677	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
678
67920170617:
680	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
681	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
682	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
683	followed.
684
68520170531:
686	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
687	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
688	from ports (and recommends to install it).
689	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
690	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
691	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
692
69320170524:
694	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
695	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
696	which only require one chipset support.
697
698	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
699
700	if_ath_load="YES"
701
702	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
703	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
704	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
705
706	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
707	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
708
709	* load ath_hal
710	* load the chip modules in question
711	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
712	* load ath_main
713	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
714	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
715
716	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
717
71820170523:
719	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
720	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
721	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
722
723	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
724	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
725	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
726
727	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
728	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
729	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
730	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
731	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
732	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
733	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
734	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
735
73620170424:
737	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
738	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
739	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
740
74120170420:
742	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
743	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
744	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
745
74620170413:
747	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
748	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
749	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
750	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
751	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
752	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
753	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
754
75520170407:
756	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
757	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
758	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
759	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
760
76120170405:
762	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
763	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
764	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
765
76620170331:
767	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
768	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
769	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
770
77120170329:
772	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
773	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
774
775	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
776	via one of the following methods:
777	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
778	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
779	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
780	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
781
782	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
783
78420170316:
785	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
786	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
787	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
788	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
789	with mmc.ko).
790
79120170315:
792	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
793	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
794	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
795	be prefixed with colon.
796
79720170311:
798	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
799	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
800	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
801
80220170302:
803	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
804	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
805	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
806
80720170221:
808	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
809	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
810	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
811	change.
812
81320170216:
814	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
815	valid.
816
81720170215:
818	MCA bus support has been removed.
819
82020170127:
821	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
822	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
823
82420170112:
825	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
826	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
827
82820170109:
829	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
830	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
831	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
832	configuration.
833
83420161217:
835	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
836	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
837	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
838
83920161124:
840	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
841	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
842	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
843
84420161119:
845	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
846	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
847	that link against it need to be recompiled.
848
84920161030:
850	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
851	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
852	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
853	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
854
85520161017:
856	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
857	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
858	parts.
859	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
860	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
861
86220161015:
863	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
864	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
865	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
866	removed from base.
867
86820161008:
869	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
870	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
871	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
872
87320161003:
874	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
875	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
876
87720160924:
878	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
879	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
880	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
881	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
882
88320160918:
884	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
885	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
886	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
887	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
888	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
889
89020160918:
891	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
892
89320160908:
894	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
895	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
896	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
897	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
898
89920160824:
900	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
901	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
902	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
903	to 1200005.
904
90520160818:
906	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
907	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
908	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
909	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
910	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
911	0.
912
91320160818:
914	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
915	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
916
91720160708:
918	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
919
92020160622:
921	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
922	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
923	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
924	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
925	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
926	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
927	kernel.
928
92920160527:
930	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
931	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
932	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
933	previously contained a line like
934	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
935	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
936	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
937	generally be fine.
938
93920160523:
940	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
941	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
942	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
943	built with the old headers.
944
94520160520:
946	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
947	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
948	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
949	installing a new libc.
950
95120160517:
952	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
953	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
954	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
955	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
956	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
957	packages will be needed.
958
959	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
960	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
961	and the install steps.
962
96320160510:
964	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
965	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
966	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
967	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
968	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
969	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
970
97120160414:
972	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
973	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
974	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
975	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
976	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
977
978		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
979		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
980		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
981		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
982		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
983
984	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
985	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
986	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
987	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
988	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
989	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
990	vendors work.
991
992	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
993	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
994		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
995	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
996	quirks entry to 0x3.
997
99820160330:
999	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1000	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1001	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1002
100320160317:
1004	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1005	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1006
100720160311:
1008	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1009	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1010	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1011	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1012	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1013	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1014	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1015	stale .depend files.
1016
101720160306:
1018	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1019	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1020	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1021	rebooting, e.g.:
1022
1023	make buildworld
1024	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1025	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1026	make -C sys/boot install
1027	<reboot in single user>
1028
1029	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1030	below.
1031
103220160305:
1033	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1034	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1035	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1036
103720160301:
1038	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1039	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1040	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1041	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1042	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1043	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1044
104520160226:
1046	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1047	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1048	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1049	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1050	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1051
105220160129:
1053	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1054	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1055	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1056	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1057	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1058
105920160119:
1060	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1061	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1062
106320160113:
1064	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1065	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1066	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1067
106820151216:
1069	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1070	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1071	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1072	other loaders.
1073
107420151211:
1075	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1076	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1077	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1078	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1079	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1080	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1081
108220151207:
1083	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1084	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1085	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1086	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1087	in src.conf(5).
1088
108920151130:
1090	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1091	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1092	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1093
109420151108:
1095	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1096	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1097	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1098
1099	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1100	collation results will be different.
1101
1102	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1103	locales before running make installworld.
1104
1105	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1106
110720151030:
1108	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1109	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1110
111120151020:
1112	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1113	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1114	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1115
111620151017:
1117	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1118	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1119	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1120	and 'make -N' will not.
1121
112220151012:
1123	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1124	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1125	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1126	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1127	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1128	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1129	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1130	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1131
113220151011:
1133	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1134	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1135	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1136	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1137
113820151006:
1139	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1140	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1141	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1142
114320150924:
1144	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1145	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1146	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1147	userland debug files.
1148
1149	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1150	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1151	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1152
1153	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1154	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1155
115620150827:
1157	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1158	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1159	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1160	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1161	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1162	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1163
116420150827:
1165	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1166	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1167	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1168
116920150817:
1170	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1171	them, the kernel must have
1172
1173	device	random
1174	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1175
1176	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1177	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1178	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1179	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1180
1181	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1182	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1183
118420150813:
1185	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1186	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1187	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1188
118920150810:
1190	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1191	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1192	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1193	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1194
1195	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1196	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1197	difference with this change.
1198
1199	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1200	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1201	remove that workaround.
1202
120320150809:
1204	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1205	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1206	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1207	with:
1208
1209	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1210
121120150806:
1212	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1213	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1214	loader.rc.local instead.
1215
121620150805:
1217	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1218	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1219	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1220
122120150728:
1222	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1223	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1224	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1225
1226	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1227	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1228
122920150706:
1230	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1231	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1232	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1233	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1234	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1235	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1236	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1237	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1238	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1239	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1240	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1241	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1242
124320150630:
1244	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1245	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1246
1247	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1248	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1249	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1250
1251	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1252	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1253
1254	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1255	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1256	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1257
1258	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1259	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1260	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1261	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1262
1263	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1264	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1265	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1266	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1267
1268	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1269	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1270	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1271	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1272	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1273	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1274	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1275	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1276	will never happen.
1277
127820150623:
1279	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1280	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1281
128220150616:
1283	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1284	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1285
128620150615:
1287	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1288	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1289	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1290	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1291	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1292
129320150614:
1294	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1295	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1296	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1297	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1298
129920150614:
1300	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1301	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1302	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1303	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1304	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1305	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1306	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1307
1308	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1309	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1310	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1311	   replace it with '2'.
1312	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1313	   a file path, create a new file with:
1314		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1315	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1316		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1317	5. Restart sendmail:
1318		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1319
1320	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1321	updated.
1322
132320150604:
1324	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1325	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1326	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1327	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1328	5.x.
1329
1330	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1331
133220150525:
1333	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1334	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1335	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1336
133720150521:
1338	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1339	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1340	and Pandaboard:
1341
1342	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1343	  same but content is different now
1344	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1345	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1346	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1347	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1348	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1349
135020150501:
1351	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1352	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1353	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1354
135520150423:
1356	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1357	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1358
135920150415:
1360	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1361	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1362
136320150416:
1364	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1365	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1366	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1367
136820150324:
1369	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1370	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1371	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1372	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1373
137420150315:
1375	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1376	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1377	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1378
137920150307:
1380	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1381	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1382	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1383	kernel before rebooting.
1384
138520150217:
1386	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1387	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1388	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1389	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1390	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1391	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1392
139320150210:
1394	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1395	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1396	with the new kernel.
1397
139820150131:
1399	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1400	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1401	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1402
140320150118:
1404	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1405	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1406	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1407	are not already using 3.5.0.
1408
140920150107:
1410	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1411	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1412	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1413	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1414	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1415
141620150105:
1417	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1418	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1419	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1420	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1421
142220150102:
1423	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1424	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1425
142620141231:
1427	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1428
1429	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1430	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1431	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1432	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1433	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1434	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1435	later.
1436
1437	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1438	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1439	of the box.
1440
1441	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1442	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1443	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1444	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1445
1446	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1447	the instructions for 9.x above.
1448
1449	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1450	default, and do not build clang.
1451
1452	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1453	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1454	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1455
1456	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1457	the following are most likely to appear:
1458
1459	-Wabsolute-value
1460
1461	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1462	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1463	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1464	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1465	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1466	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1467	  cast, or disable the warning.
1468
1469	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1470	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1471	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1472	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1473	  side-effects.
1474
1475	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1476	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1477
1478	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1479	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1480	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1481	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1482
1483	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1484	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1485	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1486	unreachable could be optimized away.
1487
148820141222:
1489	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1490	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1491	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1492	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1493	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1494	the utilities will report errors.
1495
149620141121:
1497	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1498	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1499	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1500	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1501	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1502	LOCAL_DIRS.
1503
150420141109:
1505	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1506	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1507
150820141104:
1509	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1510	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1511	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1512	drivers.
1513
1514	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1515	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1516	indicate what you need to do.
1517
1518	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1519	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1520	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1521
1522	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1523	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1524	  kern.vty=sc
1525
152620141102:
1527	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1528	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1529	execute it.
1530
153120141009:
1532	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1533	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1534	devel/gperf port.
1535
153620140923:
1537	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1538	contrib/pjdfstest .
1539
154020140922:
1541	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1542	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1543	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1544	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1545	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1546	their next update cycle.
1547
154820140729:
1549	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1550	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1551	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1552	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1553	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1554
155520140723:
1556	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1557	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1558
155920140719:
1560	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1561	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1562	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1563	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1564	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1565	new configuration.
1566
156720140709:
1568	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1569	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1570	them again.
1571	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1572
157320140708:
1574	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1575	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1576	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1577	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1578	requires readline.
1579
158020140702:
1581	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1582	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1583	architecture.
1584
158520140701:
1586	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1587	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1588	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1589	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1590	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1591
159220140629:
1593	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1594	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1595	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1596
159720140619:
1598	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1599	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1600	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1601
160220140606:
1603	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1604	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1605	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1606	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1607	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1608	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1609	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1610	"make installworld".
1611
1612	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1613	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1614	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1615	is run.
1616
1617	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1618	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1619	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1620	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1621	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1622
162320140512:
1624	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1625
162620140508:
1627	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1628	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1629	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1630
163120140505:
1632	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1633	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1634	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1635	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1636	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1637	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1638	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1639	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1640	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1641	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1642	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1643	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1644
1645	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1646	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1647	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1648	as well.
1649
165020140430:
1651	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1652	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1653
165420140424:
1655	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1656	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1657	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1658	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1659	build hosts for older releases.
1660
1661	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1662	r276991, respectively.
1663
166420140418:
1665	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1666	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1667	will silently lack HESIOD.
1668
166920140405:
1670	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1671	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1672	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1673	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1674	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1675	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1676	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1677	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1678	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1679	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1680	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1681	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1682
168320140306:
1684	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1685	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1686	with command line option -W.
1687
168820140226:
1689	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1690	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1691	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1692	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1693	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1694
169520140216:
1696	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1697
169820140216:
1699	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1700	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1701
170220140212:
1703	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1704	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1705	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1706	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1707	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1708
170920140204:
1710	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1711	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1712	kernel is still highly recommended.
1713
171420140131:
1715	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1716	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1717	capability mode support in kernel.
1718
171920140128:
1720	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1721	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1722	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1723	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1724	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1725
172620140110:
1727	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1728	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1729	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1730	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1731	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1732	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1733
173420131213:
1735	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1736	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1737	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1738	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1739	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1740	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1741	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1742	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1743	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1744
174520131108:
1746	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1747	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1748	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1749	should change your settings to use the latter.
1750
175120131025:
1752	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1753	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1754	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1755	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1756	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1757
175820131014:
1759	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1760	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1761	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1762	delete-old-libs":
1763	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1764	  or
1765	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1766
176720131010:
1768	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1769	revision r256279.
1770
1771COMMON ITEMS:
1772
1773	General Notes
1774	-------------
1775	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1776	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1777	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1778	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1779	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1780	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1781	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1782
1783	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1784	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1785	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1786	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1787	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1788
1789	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1790	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1791	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1792	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1793	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1794	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1795	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1796	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1797	an exception.
1798
1799	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1800	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1801	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1802	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1803
1804	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1805	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1806	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1807	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1808	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1809	should write them with this in mind.
1810
1811	ZFS notes
1812	---------
1813	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1814	these two steps:
1815
1816	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1817	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1818
1819	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1820
1821	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1822	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1823	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1824
1825	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1826
1827	To build a kernel
1828	-----------------
1829	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1830	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1831	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1832
1833	make kernel-toolchain
1834	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1835	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1836
1837	To test a kernel once
1838	---------------------
1839	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1840	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1841	debugging information) run
1842	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1843	nextboot -k testkernel
1844
1845	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1846	-----------------------------------------------------------
1847	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1848	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1849
1850	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1851	make buildworld
1852	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1853	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1854							[1]
1855	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1856	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1857	make installworld
1858	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1859	make delete-old					[6]
1860	<reboot>
1861
1862	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1863	--------------------------------------------------
1864	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1865	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1866	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1867	# size.
1868
1869	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1870	<boot into -stable>
1871	make buildworld
1872	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1873	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1874	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1875	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1876	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1877	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1878	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1879	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1880	<reboot into current>
1881	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1882	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1883	<reboot>
1884
1885
1886	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1887	----------------------------------------------
1888	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1889	make buildworld					[9]
1890	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1891	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1892							[1]
1893	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1894	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1895	make installworld
1896	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1897	make delete-old					[6]
1898	<reboot>
1899
1900	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1901	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1902	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1903	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1904	the UPDATING entries.
1905
1906	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1907	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1908	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1909	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1910	much fewer pitfalls.
1911
1912	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1913	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1914	system on reboot.
1915
1916	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1917		fsck -p
1918		mount -u /
1919		mount -a
1920		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1921		cd src			# full path to source
1922		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1923	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1924	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1925
1926	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1927	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1928	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1929	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1930	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1931	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1932	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1933
1934	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1935	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1936	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1937	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1938	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1939	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1940
1941	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1942	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1943	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1944
1945	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
1946	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
1947	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
1948	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
1949	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
1950	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
1951	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
1952	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
1953
1954	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1955	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
1956	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
1957	for these as well.
1958
1959	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1960	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1961	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1962
1963	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1964	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1965	warn if it is improperly defined.
1966FORMAT:
1967
1968This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1969breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1970list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1971If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1972to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1973
1974Copyright information:
1975
1976Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.
1977
1978Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1979modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1980document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1981
1982THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1983IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1984WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1985DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1986INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1987(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1988SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1989HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1990STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1991IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1992POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1993
1994Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
1995this document.
1996
1997$FreeBSD$
1998