xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 988758838533b24f5893b36514fe2c68a3f911a2)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020230914:
31	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
32	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
33
3420230911:
35	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
36	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
37	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
38	for these file moves:
39
40		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
41		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
42		pkg upgrade -y
43
4420230909:
45	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
46	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
47	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
48	corresponding kernel environment variables.
49
5020230901:
51	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
52	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
53
5420230824:
55	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
56
5720230817:
58	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
59	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
60	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
61	configuration.
62
63	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
64	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
65	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
66	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
67	with the serial port at 115200.
68
6920230807:
70	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
71	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
72	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
73	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
74	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
75
7620230803:
77	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
78	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
79
8020230724:
81	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
82	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
83	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
84	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
85	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
86
8720230629:
88	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
89	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
90	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
91	file a PR and assign it to imp.
92
9320230623:
94	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
95	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
96	after upgrading.
97
9820230619:
99	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
100	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
101	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
102	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
103
104		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
105		service pf restart
106
107	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
108	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
109
11020230613:
111	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
112	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
113	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
114	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
115	already properly quoted or escaped.
116
11720230612:
118	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
119	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
120	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
121	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
122	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
123	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
124	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
125	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
126
127	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
128	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
129
13020230422:
131	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
132	using git instead.
133
13420230420:
135	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
136	eg.
137		make buildworld-jobs
138	runs
139		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
140
141	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
142
14320230316:
144	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
145	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
146	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
147	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
148	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
149	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
150	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
151	exist anymore.
152
15320230221:
154	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
155	for details.
156
15720230206:
158	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
159	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
160	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
161
16220230204:
163	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
164	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
165
16620230130:
167	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
168	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
169	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
170
17120230126:
172	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
173	system are now built unconditionally.
174
17520230113:
176	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
177	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
178
17920221212:
180	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
181	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
182
183	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
184	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
185	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
186
18720221205:
188	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
189	to reenable sendmail(8):
190
191	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
192
193	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
194
19520221204:
196	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
197	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
198	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
199	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
200	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
201	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
202
203	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
204
20520221122:
206	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
207	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
208	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
209
21020221121:
211	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
212	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
213
21420221026:
215	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
216	for pkgbase users to do:
217
218	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
219	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
220
221	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
222	installed.
223
22420221002:
225	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
226	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
227	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
228	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
229
23020220610:
231	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
232	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
233
23420211230:
235	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
236	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
237	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
238	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
239	reflect this change.
240
24120211214:
242	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
243	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
244
24520211209:
246	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
247	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
248	the coming days and weeks.
249
250	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
251	or touch
252		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
253		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
254		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
255		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
256	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
257
25820211202:
259	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
260	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
261	statement in unbound.conf:
262		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
263
264	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
265
266	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
267	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
268	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
269	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
270	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
271	such names when roaming to different homenets.
272
27320211110:
274	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
275	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
276	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
277	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
278	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
279	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
280	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
281	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
282	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
283	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
284	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
285
28620211118:
287	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
288	tree shortly.
289
29020211106:
291	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
292	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
293	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
294	may need to be modified.
295
29620211022:
297	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
298	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
299	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
300
30120211020:
302	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
303	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
304
305	# chsh -s csh
306
30720211004:
308	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
309	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
310	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
311	this change.
312
31320210923:
314	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
315	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
316	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
317	list of modules to load on their systems.
318
31920210922:
320	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
321	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
322	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
323	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
324
32520210911:
326	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
327	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
328	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
329	being loaded.
330
33120210817:
332	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
333	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
334	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
335	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
336	application-specific configuration option for applications
337	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
338
33920210811:
340	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
341	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
342
34320210730:
344	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
345	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
346	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
347	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
348
34920210729:
350	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
351	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
352	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
353
35420210716:
355	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
356	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
357	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
358
35920210715:
360	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
361	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
362	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
363	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
364	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
365	to update your sources past the above hash and do
366		% cd usr.bin/awk
367		% make clean all
368		% sudo -E make install
369	to enable building kernels again.
370
37120210708:
372	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
373	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
374	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
375
37620210707:
377	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
378	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
379
38020210624:
381	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
382	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
383	for NFSv4 mounts.
384	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
385
38620210618:
387	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
388	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
389	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
390	additions and others.
391
39220210618:
393	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
394	renamed to "untrusted".
395
39620210611:
397	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
398	please install the svn package or port.
399
40020210611:
401	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
402	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
403	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
404
40520210610:
406	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
407
40820210608:
409	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
410	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
411https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
412	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
413	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
414	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
415	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
416
41720210525:
418	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
419	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
420	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
421	detect this.
422
42320210513:
424	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
425	libraries and utilities are packaged.
426	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
427	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
428	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
429	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
430	on the system.
431
43220210426:
433	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
434	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
435	need to be rebuilt from sources.
436	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
437	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
438	is not recommended.
439
44020210411:
441	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
442	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
443	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
444	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
445	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
446	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
447
44820210330:
449	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
450	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
451	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
452	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
453
45420210225:
455	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
456	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
457	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
458
45920210128:
460	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
461	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
462	update.
463
46420210108:
465	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
466	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
467	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
468	since it was bumped so recently.
469
47020210107:
471	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
472	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
473	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
474	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
475
47620210105:
477	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
478	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
479	requires a clean build.
480
48120201223:
482	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
483	instructions can be found at
484	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
485	and other documents in that repo.
486
48720201216:
488	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
489	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
490	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
491	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
492
49320201215:
494	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
495	may be installed from ports or packages.
496
49720201124:
498	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
499	See ping(8) for details.
500
50120201108:
502	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
503	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
504	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
505
50620201030:
507	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
508	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
509	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
510	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
511	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
512
51320201026:
514	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
515	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
516	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
517	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
518	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
519	find.
520
52120200923:
522	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
523	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
524	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
525	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
526
527	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
528	command you want to un-auger the tree is
529		cd sys/amd64/conf
530		svn revert -R .
531	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
532	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
533
53420200824:
535	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
536	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
537	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
538	unless you  want to use new features.
539
540	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
541	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
542	rebuilding world may fail.
543
544	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
545	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
546
547	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
548	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
549	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
550	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
551
55220200824:
553	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
554	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
555	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
556	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
557
55820200821:
559	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
560	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
561	sources.
562
56320200817:
564	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
565	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
566
56720200816:
568	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
569	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
570	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
571	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
572
57320200810:
574	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
575	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
576	from sources, so a version bump was done.
577
57820200807:
579	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
580	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
581	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
582	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
583
58420200729:
585	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
586	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
587	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
588	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
589	continue to function.
590
591	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
592	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
593	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
594	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
595
59620200627:
597	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
598	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
599	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
600	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
601	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
602	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
603	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
604
60520200625:
606	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
607	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
608
60920200613:
610	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
611	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
612	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
613
61420200604:
615	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
616	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
617	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
618	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
619
620	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
621	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
622	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
623	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
624	/root/.shrc.
625
62620200523:
627	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
628	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
629	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
630	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
631
63220200512:
633	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
634	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
635
63620200424:
637	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
638	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
639	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
640	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
641	be functional without closefrom(2).
642
64320200414:
644	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
645	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
646	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
647	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
648	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
649	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
650
65120200310:
652	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
653	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
654	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
655	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
656
65720200309:
658	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
659	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
660	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
661
66220200301:
663	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
664
66520200229:
666	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
667	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
668	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
669
67020200229:
671	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
672	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
673
67420200229:
675	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
676	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
677	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
678	ports or packages.
679
68020200220:
681	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
682	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
683	ncurses.
684
68520200217:
686	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
687	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
688	together with their new kernel.
689
69020200212:
691	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
692	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
693	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
694
695	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
696	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
697
69820200108:
699	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
700	linker for riscv64.
701
70220200107:
703	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
704	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
705	external toolchain package.
706
70720200104:
708	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
709	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
710	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
711	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
712	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
713
71420200102:
715	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
716	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
717	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
718	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
719
72020191226:
721	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
722	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
723	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
724	ABI.
725
72620191226:
727	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
728
72920191222:
730	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
731	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
732	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
733	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
734
73520191212:
736	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
737	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
738	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
739
74020191205:
741	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
742	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
743	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
744	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
745	differences between those included in the port and those included in
746	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
747	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
748	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
749
75020191120:
751	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
752	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
753	for automounting.
754
75520191107:
756	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
757	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
758	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
759	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
760	add superio to the set.
761
76220191021:
763	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
764	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
765
76620191021:
767	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
768	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
769	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
770	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
771	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
772	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
773	completely in the future.
774
77520191009:
776	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
777	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
778	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
779	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
780	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
781	will be removed from the list.
782
78320191009:
784	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
785	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
786	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
787	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
788
78920191003:
790	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
791	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
792	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
793	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
794
79520190913:
796	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
797	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
798	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
799	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
800
80120190823:
802	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
803	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
804	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
805
80620190727:
807	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
808	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
809	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
810	your scripts, because they had no effect.
811
812	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
813	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
814	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
815	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
816	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
817
81820190713:
819	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
820	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
821	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
822	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
823	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
824	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
825	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
826
82720190620:
828	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
829	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
830	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
831	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
832
83320190612:
834	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
835	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
836	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
837	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
838
83920190608:
840	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
841	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
842	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
843
84420190513:
845	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
846	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
847	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
848	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
849	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
850	avoid running into the limit.
851
85220190507:
853	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
854	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
855
85620190507:
857	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
858	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
859	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
860	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
861	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
862	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
863
86420190418:
865	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
866	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
867	entropy:
868
869	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
870	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
871	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
872	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
873	availability properties.
874
875	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
876	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
877	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
878	initial condition, if desired.
879
880	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
881	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
882
883	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
884	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
885	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
886	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
887
88820190416:
889	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
890	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
891	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
892	therefore unblocked).
893
89420190404:
895	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
896	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
897	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
898	is added to the command line.
899	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
900	not affected and should continue to work.
901
90220190320:
903	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
904	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
905	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
906	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
907
90820190304:
909	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
910	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
911	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
912	or higher.
913
91420190226:
915	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
916	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
917	kernel config.
918
91920190219:
920	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
921	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
922	migrating to the drm ports.
923
92420190131:
925	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
926	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
927	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
928	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
929	is loaded automatically.
930
93120190125:
932	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
933	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
934	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
935	kernel config files.
936
93720181230:
938	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
939	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
940	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
941	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
942
94320181220:
944	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
945	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
946	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
947	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
948	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
949	most NFSv4 mounts.
950
95120181219:
952	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
953	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
954	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
955
956	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
957	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
958
959	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
960	removed from the mips port.
961
96220181211:
963	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
964	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
965	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
966	or higher.
967
96820181211:
969	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
970	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
971
97220181126:
973	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
974	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
975	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
976	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
977
97820181123:
979	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
980	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
981	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
982
98320181115:
984	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
985	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
986	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
987	FreeBSD versions.
988
98920181110:
990	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
991	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
992	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
993
994	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
995	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
996	being included using the command:
997		$ newsyslog -Nrv
998
99920181015:
1000	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1001	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1002	drm-legacy-kmod.
1003
1004	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1005	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1006	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1007	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1008	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1009	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1010	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1011	that as you will get better support.
1012
1013	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1014	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1015	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1016	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1017
1018	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1019	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1020	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1021	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1022	shortly.
1023
102420181012:
1025	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1026	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1027	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1028	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1029	be adjusted as necessary.
1030
103120181009:
1032	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1033	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1034	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1035	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1036
103720181006:
1038	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1039	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1040	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1041	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1042	encouraged.
1043
104420181002:
1045	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1046	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1047	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1048	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1049	nda device name.
1050
105120180913:
1052	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1053	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1054	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1055	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1056	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1057	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1058
105920180826:
1060	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1061	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1062	default since FreeBSD-11.
1063
106420180822:
1065	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1066	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1067	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1068
106920180818:
1070	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1071	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1072	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1073	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1074	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1075	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1076	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1077
1078	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1079	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1080
108120180815:
1082	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1083	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1084	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1085	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1086	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1087	may not be observed in a future release.
1088
108920180808:
1090	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1091	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1092	your environment.
1093
109420180731:
1095	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1096	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1097	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1098	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1099
110020180730:
1101	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1102	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1103	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1104	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1105	runtime services.
1106
110720180727:
1108	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1109	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1110	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1111
111220180723:
1113	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1114	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1115	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1116	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1117	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1118
111920180720:
1120	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1121	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1122	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1123	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1124	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1125	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1126
112720180719:
1128	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1129	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1130	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1131	boot_serial=YES
1132	boot_multicons=YES
1133	in /boot/loader.conf
1134	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1135	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1136	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1137
113820180719:
1139	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1140	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1141	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1142	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1143	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1144	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1145	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1146	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1147	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1148	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1149	by the ntpd user.
1150
115120180717:
1152	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1153
115420180711:
1155	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1156	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1157	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1158	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1159	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1160
116120180705:
1162	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1163	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1164	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1165	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1166	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1167	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1168
116920180702:
1170	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1171	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1172
117320180701:
1174	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1175	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1176	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1177	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1178	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1179	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1180	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1181
118220180630:
1183	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1184	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1185	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1186	or higher.
1187
118820180628:
1189	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1190	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1191	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1192	file.
1193
119420180612:
1195	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1196	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1197
119820180530:
1199	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1200	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1201	longer necessary.
1202
120320180530:
1204	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1205	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1206	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1207	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1208
120920180523:
1210	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1211	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1212	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1213	later than r334108.
1214
121520180517:
1216	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1217	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1218	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1219	it must be removed.
1220
122120180510:
1222	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1223	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1224	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1225	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1226	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1227	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1228	will go away.
1229
1230	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1231	workaround is necessary.
1232
123320180508:
1234	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1235	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1236	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1237	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1238
123920180504:
1240	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1241	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1242	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1243	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1244	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1245
124620180502:
1247	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1248	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1249	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1250	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1251
125220180501:
1253	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1254	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1255	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1256	be removed.
1257
125820180413:
1259	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1260	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1261	removed.
1262
126320180411:
1264	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1265	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1266	removed.
1267
126820180406:
1269	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1270	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1271	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1272	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1273	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1274
1275	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1276	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1277	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1278	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1279	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1280	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1281	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1282
1283	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1284	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1285
1286		source src {
1287			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1288		}
1289
1290	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1291	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1292	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1293
1294		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1295
1296	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1297	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1298	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1299	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1300	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1301	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1302	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1303
1304	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1305	change.
1306
130720180328:
1308	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1309	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1310	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1311
131220180323:
1313	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1314	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1315	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1316	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1317	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1318	should be as simple as:
1319
1320		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1321		$ make depend all install
1322
132320180212:
1324	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1325	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1326	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1327	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1328	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1329	provisions for backup boot methods.
1330
133120180211:
1332	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1333	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1334	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1335	imp@freebsd.org.
1336
133720180114:
1338	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1339	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1340	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1341	or higher.
1342
134320180110:
1344	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1345	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1346	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1347
1348	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1349	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1350
135120180110:
1352	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1353	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1354	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1355	remove it from kernel config files.
1356
135720180104:
1358	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1359	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1360	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1361
1362	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1363	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1364
136520180102:
1366	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1367	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1368	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1369	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1370
137120171215:
1372	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1373	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1374
137520171214:
1376	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1377	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1378	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1379	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1380
138120171125:
1382	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1383	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1384	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1385	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1386	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1387	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1388
138920171110:
1390	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1391	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1392	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1393
139420171106:
1395	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1396	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1397	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1398	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1399	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1400
140120171102:
1402	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1403	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1404	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1405	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1406	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1407	environment.
1408
140920171101:
1410	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1411	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1412	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1413	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1414	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1415	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1416	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1417	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1418	than hardcoding paths.
1419
142020171028:
1421	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1422	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1423	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1424
142520171021:
1426	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1427	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1428	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1429	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1430
143120171010:
1432	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1433	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1434
143520171005:
1436	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1437	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1438	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1439	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1440
144120171003:
1442	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1443	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1444	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1445	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1446	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1447
144820170912:
1449	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1450	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1451	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1452	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1453	/etc/ctl.conf .
1454
145520170912:
1456	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1457	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1458	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1459	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1460	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1461
146220170826:
1463	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1464	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1465
146620170825:
1467	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1468	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1469	to complete.
1470
147120170814:
1472	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1473	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1474	${TESTSDIR}.
1475
1476	Behavioral changes:
1477	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1478	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1479	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1480	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1481
1482	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1483	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1484	sandbox if successful.
1485
1486	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1487	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1488	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1489	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1490	an unprivileged user.
1491
149220170808:
1493	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1494	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1495	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1496	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1497	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1498	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1499	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1500	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1501	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1502	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1503	to which you should answer yes.
1504
150520170728:
1506	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1507	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1508	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1509	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1510	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1511
151220170722:
1513	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1514	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1515	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1516
151720170701:
1518	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1519	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1520
152120170625:
1522	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1523	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1524	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1525	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1526	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1527	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1528	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1529
153020170623:
1531	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1532	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1533	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1534	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1535	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1536	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1537
153820170620:
1539	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1540	if you require the GPL compiler.
1541
154220170618:
1543	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1544	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1545	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1546
154720170617:
1548	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1549	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1550	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1551	followed.
1552
155320170531:
1554	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1555	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1556	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1557	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1558	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1559	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1560
156120170524:
1562	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1563	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1564	which only require one chipset support.
1565
1566	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1567
1568	if_ath_load="YES"
1569
1570	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1571	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1572	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1573
1574	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1575	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1576
1577	* load ath_hal
1578	* load the chip modules in question
1579	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1580	* load ath_main
1581	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1582	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1583
1584	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1585
158620170523:
1587	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1588	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1589	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1590
1591	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1592	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1593	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1594
1595	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1596	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1597	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1598	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1599	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1600	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1601	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1602	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1603
160420170424:
1605	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1606	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1607	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1608
160920170420:
1610	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1611	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1612	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1613
161420170413:
1615	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1616	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1617	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1618	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1619	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1620	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1621	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1622
162320170407:
1624	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1625	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1626	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1627	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1628
162920170405:
1630	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1631	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1632	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1633
163420170331:
1635	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1636	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1637	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1638
163920170329:
1640	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1641	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1642
1643	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1644	via one of the following methods:
1645	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1646	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1647	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1648	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1649
1650	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1651
165220170316:
1653	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1654	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1655	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1656	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1657	with mmc.ko).
1658
165920170315:
1660	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1661	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1662	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1663	be prefixed with colon.
1664
166520170311:
1666	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1667	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1668	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1669
167020170302:
1671	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1672	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1673	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1674
167520170221:
1676	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1677	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1678	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1679	change.
1680
168120170216:
1682	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1683	valid.
1684
168520170215:
1686	MCA bus support has been removed.
1687
168820170127:
1689	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1690	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1691
169220170112:
1693	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1694	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1695
169620170109:
1697	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1698	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1699	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1700	configuration.
1701
170220161217:
1703	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1704	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1705	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1706
170720161124:
1708	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1709	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1710	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1711
171220161119:
1713	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1714	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1715	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1716
171720161030:
1718	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1719	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1720	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1721	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1722
172320161017:
1724	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1725	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1726	parts.
1727	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1728	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1729
173020161015:
1731	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1732	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1733	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1734	removed from base.
1735
173620161008:
1737	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1738	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1739	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1740
174120161003:
1742	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1743	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1744
174520160924:
1746	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1747	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1748	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1749	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1750
175120160918:
1752	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1753	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1754	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1755	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1756	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1757
175820160918:
1759	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1760
176120160908:
1762	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1763	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1764	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1765	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1766
176720160824:
1768	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1769	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1770	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1771	to 1200005.
1772
177320160818:
1774	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1775	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1776	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1777	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1778	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1779	0.
1780
178120160818:
1782	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1783	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1784
178520160708:
1786	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1787
1788After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1789from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1790entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1791UPDATING file.
1792
1793COMMON ITEMS:
1794
1795	General Notes
1796	-------------
1797	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1798	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1799	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1800	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1801	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1802	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1803	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1804	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1805
1806	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1807	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1808	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1809	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1810	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1811	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1812	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1813	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1814	an exception.
1815
1816	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1817	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1818	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1819	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1820	step.
1821
1822	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1823	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1824	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1825	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1826
1827	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1828	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1829	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1830	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1831	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1832	should write them with this in mind.
1833
1834	ZFS notes
1835	---------
1836	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1837	always follow these three steps:
1838
1839	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1840	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1841
1842	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1843	doing a zpool upgrade):
1844
1845	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1846	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1847		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1848	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1849
1850	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1851	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1852	zpool upgrade.
1853
1854	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1855
1856	EFI notes
1857	---------
1858
1859	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1860	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1861	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1862	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1863	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1864	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1865	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1866	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1867
1868	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1869	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1870	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1871	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1872
1873	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1874	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1875	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1876	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1877
1878	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1879
1880	To build a kernel
1881	-----------------
1882	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1883	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1884	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1885
1886	make kernel-toolchain
1887	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1888	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1889
1890	To test a kernel once
1891	---------------------
1892	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1893	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1894	debugging information) run
1895	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1896	nextboot -k testkernel
1897
1898	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1899	-----------------------------------------------------------
1900	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1901	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1902
1903	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1904	make buildworld
1905	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1906	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1907							[1]
1908	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1909	etcupdate -p					[5]
1910	make installworld
1911	etcupdate -B					[4]
1912	make delete-old					[6]
1913	<reboot>
1914
1915	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1916	--------------------------------------------------
1917	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1918	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1919	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1920	# size.
1921
1922	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1923	<boot into -stable>
1924	make buildworld
1925	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1926	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1927	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1928	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1929	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1930	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1931	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1932	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1933	<reboot into current>
1934	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1935	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1936	<reboot>
1937
1938
1939	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1940	----------------------------------------------
1941	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1942	make buildworld					[9]
1943	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1944	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1945							[1]
1946	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1947	etcupdate -p					[5]
1948	make installworld
1949	etcupdate -B					[4]
1950	make delete-old					[6]
1951	<reboot>
1952
1953	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1954	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1955	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1956	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1957	the UPDATING entries.
1958
1959	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1960	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1961	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1962	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1963	much fewer pitfalls.
1964
1965	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
1966	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
1967	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
1968	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
1969	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
1970	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
1971	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
1972	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
1973	and effective, eg:
1974	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
1975
1976	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1977		fsck -p
1978		mount -u /
1979		mount -a
1980		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1981		cd src			# full path to source
1982		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1983	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
1984	into single user mode to do the installworld.
1985
1986	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1987	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1988	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1989	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1990	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1991	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
1992
1993	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1994	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1995	step.
1996
1997	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1998	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1999	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2000
2001	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2002	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2003	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2004	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2005	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2006	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2007	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2008	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2009
2010	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2011	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2012	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2013	for these as well.
2014
2015	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2016	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2017	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2018
2019	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2020	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2021	warn if it is improperly defined.
2022FORMAT:
2023
2024This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2025breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2026list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2027If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2028to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2029
2030Copyright information:
2031
2032Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2033
2034Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2035modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2036document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2037
2038THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2039IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2040WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2041DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2042INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2043(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2044SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2045HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2046STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2047IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2048POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2049
2050Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2051this document.
2052