1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520100113: 26 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 27 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 28 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 29 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 30 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 31 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 32 33 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 34 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 35 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 36 use of utmpx. 37 38 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 39 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 40 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 41 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 42 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 43 4420100108: 45 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 46 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 47 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 48 4920091202: 50 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 51 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 52 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 53 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 54 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 55 56 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 57 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 58 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 59 60 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 61 6220091113: 63 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 64 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 65 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 66 operation of applications on the console. 67 68 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 69 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 70 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 71 cons25. 72 73 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 74 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 75 performed by syscons(4). 76 7720091109: 78 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 79 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 80 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 81 82 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 83 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 84 new structure. 85 8620091025: 87 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 88 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 89 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 90 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 91 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 92 iwn5150fw. 93 9420090926: 95 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 96 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 97 98 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 99 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 100 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 101 102 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 103 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 104 105 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 106 they are obsolete. 107 108 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 109 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 110 111 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 112 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 113 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 114 115 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 116 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 117 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 118 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 119 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 120 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 121 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 122 using ifconfig(8) like: 123 124 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 125 126 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 127 IPv6-preferred. 128 129 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 130 131 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 132 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 133 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 134 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 135 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 136 13720090922: 138 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 139 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 140 14120090912: 142 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 143 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 144 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 145 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 146 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 147 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 148 14920090910: 150 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 151 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 152 15320090825: 154 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 155 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 156 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 157 is 1000. 158 15920090813: 160 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 161 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 162 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 163 16420090803: 165 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 166 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 167 16820090719: 169 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 170 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 171 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 172 17320090714: 174 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 175 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 176 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 177 17820090713: 179 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 180 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 181 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 182 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 183 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 184 18520090712: 186 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 187 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 188 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 189 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 190 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 191 19220090630: 193 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 194 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 195 may need to be adjusted. 196 19720090629: 198 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 199 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 200 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 201 with routing sockets. 202 20320090628: 204 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 205 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 206 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 207 20820090624: 209 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 210 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 211 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 212 800100. 213 21420090622: 215 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 216 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 217 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 218 21920090619: 220 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 221 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 222 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 223 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 224 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 225 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 226 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 227 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 228 229 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 230 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 231 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 232 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 233 authentication method is used. 234 23520090616: 236 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 237 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 238 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 239 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 240 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 241 24220090613: 243 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 244 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 245 24620090611: 247 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 248 be rebuilt. 249 25020090608: 251 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 252 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 253 25420090602: 255 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 256 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 257 25820090601: 259 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 260 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 261 re-compiled. 262 26320090601: 264 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 265 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 266 rebuilt. 267 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 268 26920090530: 270 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 271 more valid. 272 27320090530: 274 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 275 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 276 27720090529: 278 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 279 rebuilt. 280 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 281 28220090528: 283 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 284 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 285 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 286 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 287 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 288 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 289 29020090527: 291 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 292 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 293 29420090523: 295 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 296 need to be rebuilt. 297 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 298 29920090523: 300 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 301 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 302 30320090520: 304 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 305 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 306 30720090520: 308 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 309 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 310 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 311 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 312 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 313 31420090430: 315 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 316 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 317 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 318 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 319 correctly checking networking state from userland. 320 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 321 32220090429: 323 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 324 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 325 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 326 follows the IPv4 implementation. 327 328 For kernel developers: 329 330 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 331 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 332 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 333 334 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 335 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 336 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 337 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 338 339 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 340 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 341 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 342 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 343 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 344 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 345 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 346 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 347 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 348 multicast membership on-link. 349 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 350 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 351 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 352 353 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 354 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 355 stack. 356 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 357 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 358 semantics. 359 360 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 361 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 362 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 363 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 364 365 For application developers: 366 367 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 368 stack. 369 370 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 371 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 372 373 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 374 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 375 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 376 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 377 378 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 379 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 380 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 381 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 382 Multicast Source Filters'. 383 384 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 385 386 For systems administrators: 387 388 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 389 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 390 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 391 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 392 returned by getifaddrs(3). 393 394 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 395 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 396 397 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 398 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 399 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 400 recommended for optimal system performance. 401 402 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 403 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 404 back forwarded datagrams. 405 406 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 407 40820090422: 409 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 410 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 411 41220090419: 413 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 414 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 415 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 416 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 417 41820090415: 419 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 420 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 421 state will require a world rebuild. 422 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 423 42420090415: 425 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 426 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 427 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 428 42920090414: 430 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 431 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 432 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 433 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 434 load balancing. 435 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 436 43720090408: 438 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 439 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 440 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 441 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 442 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 443 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 444 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 445 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 446 44720090407: 448 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 449 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 450 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 451 45220090320: 453 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 454 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 455 introduces some changes: 456 457 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 458 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 459 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 460 461 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 462 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 463 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 464 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 465 466 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 467 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 468 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 469 the "386BSD" type). 470 471 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 472 47320090319: 474 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 475 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 476 (supported by sane). 477 47820090319: 479 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 480 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 481 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 482 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 483 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 484 48520090315: 486 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 487 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 488 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 489 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 490 used. 491 49220090313: 493 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 494 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 495 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 496 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 497 49820090313: 499 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 500 support for K10 and K11 CPU families was added. 501 50220090309: 503 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 504 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 505 506 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 507 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 508 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 509 510 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 511 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 512 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 513 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 514 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 515 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 516 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 517 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 518 519 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 520 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 521 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 522 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 523 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 524 to preserve the existing behaviour. 525 526 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 527 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 528 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 529 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 530 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 531 532 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 533 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 534 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 535 via IGMP. 536 537 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 538 recompiled to reflect this. 539 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 540 54120090309: 542 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 543 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 544 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 545 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 546 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 547 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 548 54920090302: 550 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 551 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 552 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 553 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 554 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 555 raised to allow such segments to be created. 556 55720090301: 558 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 559 network device driver modules. 560 56120090227: 562 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 563 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 564 56520090223: 566 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 567 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 568 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 569 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 570 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 571 apply. 572 57320090217: 574 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 575 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 576 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 577 use the new name. 578 57920090216: 580 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 581 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 582 add 583 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 584 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 585 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 586 58720090215: 588 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 589 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 590 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 591 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 592 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 593 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 594 595 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 596 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 597 be used for this: 598 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 599 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 600 60120090209: 602 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 603 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 604 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 605 60620090203: 607 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 608 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 609 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 610 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 611 same interface. 612 61320090201: 614 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 615 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 616 61720090119: 618 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 619 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 620 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 621 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 622 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 623 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 624 62520090115: 626 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 627 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 628 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 629 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 630 63120081225: 632 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 633 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 634 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 635 in next mpd5.3 release. 636 63720081219: 638 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 639 the base system (it was a port). 640 64120081216: 642 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 643 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 644 64520081214: 646 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 647 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 648 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 649 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 650 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 651 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 652 none of the L2 information. 653 65420081130: 655 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 656 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 657 658 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 659 660 to their kernel config files when specifying: 661 662 device ath_hal 663 664 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 665 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 666 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 667 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 668 66920081121: 670 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 671 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 672 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 673 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 674 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 675 packets. 676 67720081117: 678 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 679 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 680 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 681 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 682 68320081028: 684 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 685 68620081009: 687 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 688 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 689 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 690 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 691 controller add the following to loader.conf: 692 693 uhci_load="YES" 694 ehci_load="YES" 695 69620081009: 697 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 698 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 699 sync. 700 70120081009: 702 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 703 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 704 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 705 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 706 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 707 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 708 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 709 71020080820: 711 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 712 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 713 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 714 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 715 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 716 717 PCI/ISA: 718 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 719 720 USB: 721 ubser, ucycom 722 723 Line disciplines: 724 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 725 726 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 727 cause compilation to fail. 728 72920080818: 730 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 731 73220080801: 733 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 734 735 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 736 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 737 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 738 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 739 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 740 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 741 accepting the RSA key. 742 743 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 744 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 745 command line. 746 747 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 748 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 749 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 750 behavior. 751 75220080713: 753 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 754 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 755 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 756 757 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 758 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 759 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 760 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 761 use the new device names. 762 763 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 764 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 765 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 766 at the loader prompt: 767 768 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 769 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 770 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 771 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 772 boot -s 773 77420080609: 775 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 776 disks instead. 777 77820080603: 779 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 780 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 781 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 782 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 783 78420080525: 785 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 786 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 787 78820080509: 789 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 790 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 791 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 792 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 793 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 794 79520080420: 796 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 797 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 798 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 799 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 800 For example, change: 801 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 802 to 803 wlans_ath0=wlan0 804 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 805 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 806 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 807 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 808 809 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 810 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 811 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 812 81320080408: 814 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 815 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 816 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 817 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 818 other operation levels. 819 82020080312: 821 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 822 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 823 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 824 compatibility with any prior release: 825 826 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 827 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 828 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 829 83020080301: 831 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 832 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 833 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 834 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 835 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 836 nonetheless. 837 83820080229: 839 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 840 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 841 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 842 with older hardware easier to do. 843 84420080220: 845 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 846 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 847 84820080211: 849 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 850 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 851 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 852 firewall rules. 853 85420080208: 855 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 856 mbuf chains. 857 85820080126: 859 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 860 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 861 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 862 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 863 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 864 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 865 third-party software might fail to build after this change 866 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 867 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 868 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 869 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 870 case that a portable fix is impossible. 871 87220080123: 873 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 874 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 875 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 876 87720071128: 878 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 879 functionality is the default now. 880 88120071118: 882 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 883 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 884 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 885 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 886 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 887 888 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 889 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 890 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 891 89220071024: 893 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 894 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 895 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 896 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 897 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 898 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 899 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 900 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 901 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 902 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 903 however. 904 90520071020: 906 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 907 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 908 used kproc_start().. 909 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 910 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 911 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 912 91320071010: 914 RELENG_7 branched. 915 916COMMON ITEMS: 917 918 General Notes 919 ------------- 920 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 921 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 922 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 923 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 924 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 925 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 926 several months have passed on the -current branch). 927 928 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 929 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 930 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 931 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 932 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 933 934 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 935 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 936 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 937 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 938 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 939 940 To build a kernel 941 ----------------- 942 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 943 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 944 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 945 946 make kernel-toolchain 947 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 948 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 949 950 To test a kernel once 951 --------------------- 952 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 953 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 954 debugging information) run 955 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 956 nextboot -k testkernel 957 958 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 959 -------------------------------------------------------------- 960 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 961 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 962 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 963 964 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 965 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 966 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 967 make depend 968 make 969 make install 970 971 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 972 973 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 974 ----------------------------------------------------------- 975 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 976 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 977 978 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 979 make buildworld 980 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 981 [1] 982 <reboot in single user> [3] 983 mergemaster -p [5] 984 make installworld 985 make delete-old 986 mergemaster [4] 987 <reboot> 988 989 990 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 991 -------------------------------------------------- 992 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 993 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 994 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 995 # size. 996 997 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 998 <boot into -stable> 999 make buildworld 1000 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1001 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1002 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1003 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1004 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1005 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1006 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1007 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1008 <reboot into current> 1009 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1010 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1011 <reboot> 1012 1013 1014 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1015 ---------------------------------------------- 1016 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1017 make buildworld [9] 1018 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1019 [1] 1020 <reboot in single user> [3] 1021 mergemaster -p [5] 1022 make installworld 1023 make delete-old 1024 mergemaster -i [4] 1025 <reboot> 1026 1027 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1028 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1029 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1030 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1031 the UPDATING entries. 1032 1033 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1034 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1035 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1036 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1037 much fewer pitfalls. 1038 1039 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1040 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1041 system on reboot. 1042 1043 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1044 fsck -p 1045 mount -u / 1046 mount -a 1047 cd src 1048 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1049 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1050 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1051 1052 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1053 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1054 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1055 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1056 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1057 for potential gotchas. 1058 1059 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1060 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1061 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1062 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1063 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1064 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1065 1066 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1067 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1068 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1069 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1070 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1071 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1072 1073 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1074 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1075 1076 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1077 cvs prune empty directories. 1078 1079 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1080 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1081 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1082 1083 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1084 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1085 warn if it is improperly defined. 1086FORMAT: 1087 1088This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1089breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1090and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1091previous releases if your system is older than this. 1092 1093Copyright information: 1094 1095Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1096 1097Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1098modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1099document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1100 1101THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1102IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1103WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1104DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1105INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1106(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1107SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1108HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1109STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1110IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1111POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1112 1113Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1114this document. 1115 1116$FreeBSD$ 1117