xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 94ffff68c8e84d4983e3d803575cfdb3e5782515)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
26	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
27	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920210105:
30	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
31	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
32	requires a clean build.
33
3420201223:
35	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
36	instructions can be found at
37	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
38	and other documents in that repo.
39
4020201216:
41	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
42	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
43	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
44	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
45
4620201215:
47	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
48	may be installed from ports or packages.
49
5020201124:
51	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
52	See ping(8) for details.
53
5420201108:
55	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
56	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
57	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
5820201030:
59	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
60	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
61	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
62	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
63	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
64
6520201026:
66	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
67	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
68	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
69	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
70	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
71	find.
72
7320200923:
74	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
75	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
76	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
77	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
78
79	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
80	command you want to un-auger the tree is
81		cd sys/amd64/conf
82		svn revert -R .
83	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
84	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
85
8620200824:
87	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
88	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
89	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
90	unless you  want to use new features.
91
92	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
93	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
94	rebuilding world may fail.
95
96	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
97	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
98
99	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
100	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
101	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
102	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
103
10420200824:
105	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
106	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
107	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
108	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
109
11020200821:
111	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
112	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
113	sources.
114
11520200817:
116	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
117	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
118
11920200816:
120	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
121	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
122	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
123	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
124
12520200810:
126	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
127	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
128	from sources, so a version bump was done.
129
13020200807:
131	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
132	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
133	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
134	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
135
13620200729:
137	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
138	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
139	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
140	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
141	continue to function.
142
143	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
144	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
145	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
146	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
147
14820200627:
149	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
150	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
151	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
152	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
153	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
154	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
155	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
156
15720200625:
158	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
159	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
160
16120200613:
162	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
163	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
164	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
165
16620200604:
167	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
168	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
169	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
170	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
171
172	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
173	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
174	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
175	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
176	/root/.shrc.
177
17820200523:
179	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
180	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
181	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
182	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
183
18420200512:
185	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
186	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
187
18820200424:
189	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
190	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
191	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
192	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
193	be functional without closefrom(2).
194
19520200414:
196	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
197	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
198	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
199	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
200	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
201	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
202
20320200310:
204	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
205	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
206	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
207	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
208
20920200309:
210	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
211	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
212	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
213
21420200301:
215	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
216
21720200229:
218	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
219	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
220	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
221
22220200229:
223	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
224	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
225
22620200229:
227	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
228	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
229	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
230	ports or packages.
231
23220200220:
233	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
234	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
235	ncurses.
236
23720200217:
238	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
239	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
240	together with their new kernel.
241
24220200212:
243	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
244	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
245	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
246
247	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
248	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
249
25020200108:
251	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
252	linker for riscv64.
253
25420200107:
255	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
256	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
257	external toolchain package.
258
25920200104:
260	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
261	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
262	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
263	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
264	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
265
26620200102:
267	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
268	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
269	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
270	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
271
27220191226:
273	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
274	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
275	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
276	ABI.
277
27820191226:
279	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
280
28120191222:
282	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
283	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
284	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
285	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
286
28720191212:
288	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
289	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
290	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
291
29220191205:
293	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
294	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
295	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
296	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
297	differences between those included in the port and those included in
298	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
299	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
300	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
301
30220191120:
303	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
304	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
305	for automounting.
306
30720191107:
308	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
309	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
310	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
311	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
312	add superio to the set.
313
31420191021:
315	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
316	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
317
31820191021:
319	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
320	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
321	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
322	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
323	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
324	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
325	completely in the future.
326
32720191009:
328	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
329	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
330	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
331	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
332	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
333	will be removed from the list.
334
33520191009:
336	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
337	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
338	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
339	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
340
34120191003:
342	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
343	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
344	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
345	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
346
34720190913:
348	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
349	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
350	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
351	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
352
35320190823:
354	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
355	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
356	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
357
35820190727:
359	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
360	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
361	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
362	your scripts, because they had no effect.
363
364	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
365	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
366	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
367	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
368	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
369
37020190713:
371	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
372	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
373	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
374	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
375	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
376	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
377	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
378
37920190620:
380	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
381	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
382	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
383	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
384
38520190612:
386	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
387	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
388	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
389	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
390
39120190608:
392	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
393	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
394	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
395
39620190513:
397	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
398	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
399	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
400	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
401	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
402	avoid running into the limit.
403
40420190507:
405	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
406	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
407
40820190507:
409	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
410	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
411	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
412	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
413	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
414	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
415
41620190418:
417	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
418	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
419	entropy:
420
421	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
422	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
423	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
424	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
425	availability properties.
426
427	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
428	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
429	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
430	initial condition, if desired.
431
432	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
433	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
434
435	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
436	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
437	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
438	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
439
44020190416:
441	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
442	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
443	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
444	therefore unblocked).
445
44620190404:
447	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
448	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
449	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
450	is added to the command line.
451	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
452	not affected and should continue to work.
453
45420190320:
455	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
456	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
457	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
458	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
459
46020190304:
461	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
462	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
463	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
464	or higher.
465
46620190226:
467	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
468	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
469	kernel config.
470
47120190219:
472	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
473	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
474	migrating to the drm ports.
475
47620190131:
477	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
478	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
479	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
480	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
481	is loaded automatically.
482
48320190125:
484	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
485	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
486	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
487	kernel config files.
488
48920181230:
490	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
491	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
492	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
493	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
494
49520181220:
496	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
497	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
498	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
499	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
500	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
501	most NFSv4 mounts.
502
50320181219:
504	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
505	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
506	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
507
508	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
509	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
510
511	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
512	removed from the mips port.
513
51420181211:
515	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
516	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
517	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
518	or higher.
519
52020181211:
521	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
522	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
523
52420181126:
525	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
526	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
527	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
528	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
529
53020181123:
531	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
532	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
533	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
534
53520181115:
536	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
537	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
538	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
539	FreeBSD versions.
540
54120181110:
542	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
543	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
544	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
545
546	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
547	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
548	being included using the command:
549		$ newsyslog -Nrv
550
55120181015:
552	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
553	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
554	drm-legacy-kmod.
555
556	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
557	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
558	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
559	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
560	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
561	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
562	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
563	that as you will get better support.
564
565	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
566	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
567	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
568	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
569
570	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
571	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
572	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
573	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
574	shortly.
575
57620181012:
577	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
578	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
579	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
580	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
581	be adjusted as necessary.
582
58320181009:
584	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
585	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
586	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
587	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
588
58920181006:
590	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
591	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
592	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
593	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
594	encouraged.
595
59620181002:
597	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
598	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
599	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
600	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
601	nda device name.
602
60320180913:
604	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
605	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
606	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
607	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
608	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
609	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
610
61120180826:
612	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
613	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
614	default since FreeBSD-11.
615
61620180822:
617	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
618	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
619	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
620
62120180818:
622	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
623	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
624	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
625	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
626	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
627	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
628	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
629
630	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
631	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
632
63320180815:
634	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
635	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
636	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
637	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
638	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
639	may not be observed in a future release.
640
64120180808:
642	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
643	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
644	your environment.
645
64620180731:
647	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
648	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
649	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
650	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
651
65220180730:
653	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
654	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
655	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
656	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
657	runtime services.
658
65920180727:
660	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
661	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
662	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
663
66420180723:
665	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
666	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
667	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
668	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
669	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
670
67120180720:
672	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
673	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
674	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
675	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
676	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
677	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
678
67920180719:
680	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
681	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
682	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
683	boot_serial=YES
684	boot_multicons=YES
685	in /boot/loader.conf
686	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
687	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
688	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
689
69020180719:
691	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
692	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
693	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
694	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
695	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
696	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
697	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
698	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
699	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
700	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
701	by the ntpd user.
702
70320180717:
704	Big endian arm support has been removed.
705
70620180711:
707	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
708	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
709	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
710	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
711	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
712
71320180705:
714	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
715	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
716	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
717	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
718	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
719	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
720
72120180702:
722	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
723	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
724
72520180701:
726	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
727	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
728	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
729	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
730	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
731	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
732	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
733
73420180630:
735	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
736	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
737	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
738	or higher.
739
74020180628:
741	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
742	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
743	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
744	file.
745
74620180612:
747	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
748	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
749
75020180530:
751	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
752	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
753	longer necessary.
754
75520180530:
756	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
757	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
758	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
759	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
760
76120180523:
762	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
763	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
764	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
765	later than r334108.
766
76720180517:
768	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
769	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
770	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
771	it must be removed.
772
77320180510:
774	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
775	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
776	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
777	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
778	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
779	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
780	will go away.
781
782	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
783	workaround is necessary.
784
78520180508:
786	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
787	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
788	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
789	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
790
79120180504:
792	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
793	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
794	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
795	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
796	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
797
79820180502:
799	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
800	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
801	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
802	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
803
80420180501:
805	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
806	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
807	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
808	be removed.
809
81020180413:
811	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
812	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
813	removed.
814
81520180411:
816	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
817	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
818	removed.
819
82020180406:
821	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
822	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
823	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
824	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
825	microseconds and time zone offsets.
826
827	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
828	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
829	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
830	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
831	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
832	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
833	adjustments, depending on the software used.
834
835	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
836	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
837
838		source src {
839			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
840		}
841
842	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
843	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
844	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
845
846		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
847
848	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
849	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
850	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
851	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
852	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
853	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
854	thus expected to continue to function as before.
855
856	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
857	change.
858
85920180328:
860	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
861	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
862	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
863
86420180323:
865	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
866	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
867	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
868	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
869	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
870	should be as simple as:
871
872		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
873		$ make depend all install
874
87520180212:
876	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
877	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
878	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
879	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
880	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
881	provisions for backup boot methods.
882
88320180211:
884	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
885	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
886	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
887	imp@freebsd.org.
888
88920180114:
890	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
891	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
892	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
893	or higher.
894
89520180110:
896	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
897	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
898	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
899
900	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
901	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
902
90320180110:
904	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
905	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
906	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
907	remove it from kernel config files.
908
90920180104:
910	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
911	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
912	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
913
914	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
915	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
916
91720180102:
918	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
919	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
920	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
921	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
922
92320171215:
924	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
925	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
926
92720171214:
928	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
929	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
930	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
931	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
932
93320171125:
934	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
935	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
936	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
937	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
938	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
939	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
940
94120171110:
942	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
943	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
944	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
945
94620171106:
947	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
948	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
949	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
950	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
951	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
952
95320171102:
954	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
955	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
956	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
957	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
958	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
959	environment.
960
96120171101:
962	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
963	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
964	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
965	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
966	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
967	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
968	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
969	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
970	than hardcoding paths.
971
97220171028:
973	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
974	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
975	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
976
97720171021:
978	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
979	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
980	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
981	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
982
98320171010:
984	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
985	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
986
98720171005:
988	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
989	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
990	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
991	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
992
99320171003:
994	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
995	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
996	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
997	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
998	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
999
100020170912:
1001	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1002	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1003	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1004	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1005	/etc/ctl.conf .
1006
100720170912:
1008	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1009	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1010	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1011	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1012	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1013
101420170826:
1015	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1016	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1017
101820170825:
1019	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1020	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1021	to complete.
1022
102320170814:
1024	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1025	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1026	${TESTSDIR}.
1027
1028	Behavioral changes:
1029	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1030	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1031	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1032	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1033
1034	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1035	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1036	sandbox if successful.
1037
1038	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1039	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1040	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1041	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1042	an unprivileged user.
1043
104420170808:
1045	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1046	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1047	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1048	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1049	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1050	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1051	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1052	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1053	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1054	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1055	to which you should answer yes.
1056
105720170728:
1058	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1059	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1060	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1061	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1062	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1063
106420170722:
1065	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1066	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1067	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1068
106920170701:
1070	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1071	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1072
107320170625:
1074	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1075	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1076	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1077	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1078	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1079	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1080	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1081
108220170623:
1083	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1084	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1085	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1086	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1087	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1088	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1089
109020170620:
1091	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1092	if you require the GPL compiler.
1093
109420170618:
1095	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1096	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1097	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1098
109920170617:
1100	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1101	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1102	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1103	followed.
1104
110520170531:
1106	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1107	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1108	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1109	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1110	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1111	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1112
111320170524:
1114	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1115	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1116	which only require one chipset support.
1117
1118	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1119
1120	if_ath_load="YES"
1121
1122	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1123	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1124	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1125
1126	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1127	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1128
1129	* load ath_hal
1130	* load the chip modules in question
1131	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1132	* load ath_main
1133	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1134	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1135
1136	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1137
113820170523:
1139	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1140	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1141	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1142
1143	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1144	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1145	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1146
1147	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1148	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1149	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1150	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1151	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1152	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1153	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1154	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1155
115620170424:
1157	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1158	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1159	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1160
116120170420:
1162	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1163	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1164	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1165
116620170413:
1167	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1168	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1169	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1170	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1171	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1172	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1173	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1174
117520170407:
1176	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1177	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1178	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1179	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1180
118120170405:
1182	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1183	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1184	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1185
118620170331:
1187	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1188	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1189	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1190
119120170329:
1192	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1193	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1194
1195	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1196	via one of the following methods:
1197	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1198	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1199	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1200	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1201
1202	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1203
120420170316:
1205	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1206	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1207	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1208	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1209	with mmc.ko).
1210
121120170315:
1212	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1213	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1214	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1215	be prefixed with colon.
1216
121720170311:
1218	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1219	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1220	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1221
122220170302:
1223	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1224	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1225	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1226
122720170221:
1228	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1229	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1230	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1231	change.
1232
123320170216:
1234	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1235	valid.
1236
123720170215:
1238	MCA bus support has been removed.
1239
124020170127:
1241	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1242	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1243
124420170112:
1245	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1246	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1247
124820170109:
1249	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1250	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1251	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1252	configuration.
1253
125420161217:
1255	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1256	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1257	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1258
125920161124:
1260	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1261	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1262	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1263
126420161119:
1265	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1266	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1267	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1268
126920161030:
1270	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1271	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1272	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1273	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1274
127520161017:
1276	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1277	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1278	parts.
1279	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1280	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1281
128220161015:
1283	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1284	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1285	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1286	removed from base.
1287
128820161008:
1289	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1290	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1291	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1292
129320161003:
1294	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1295	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1296
129720160924:
1298	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1299	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1300	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1301	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1302
130320160918:
1304	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1305	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1306	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1307	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1308	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1309
131020160918:
1311	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1312
131320160908:
1314	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1315	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1316	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1317	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1318
131920160824:
1320	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1321	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1322	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1323	to 1200005.
1324
132520160818:
1326	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1327	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1328	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1329	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1330	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1331	0.
1332
133320160818:
1334	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1335	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1336
133720160708:
1338	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1339
134020160622:
1341	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1342	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1343	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1344	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1345	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1346	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1347	kernel.
1348
134920160527:
1350	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1351	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1352	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1353	previously contained a line like
1354	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1355	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1356	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1357	generally be fine.
1358
135920160523:
1360	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1361	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1362	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1363	built with the old headers.
1364
136520160520:
1366	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1367	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1368	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1369	installing a new libc.
1370
137120160517:
1372	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1373	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1374	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1375	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1376	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1377	packages will be needed.
1378
1379	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1380	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1381	and the install steps.
1382
138320160510:
1384	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1385	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1386	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1387	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1388	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1389	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1390
139120160414:
1392	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1393	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1394	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1395	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1396	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1397
1398		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1399		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1400		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1401		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1402		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1403
1404	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1405	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1406	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1407	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1408	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1409	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1410	vendors work.
1411
1412	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1413	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1414		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1415	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1416	quirks entry to 0x3.
1417
141820160330:
1419	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1420	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1421	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1422
142320160317:
1424	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1425	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1426
142720160311:
1428	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1429	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1430	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1431	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1432	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1433	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1434	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1435	stale .depend files.
1436
143720160306:
1438	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1439	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1440	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1441	rebooting, e.g.:
1442
1443	make buildworld
1444	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1445	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1446	make -C sys/boot install
1447	<reboot in single user>
1448
1449	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1450	below.
1451
145220160305:
1453	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1454	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1455	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1456
145720160301:
1458	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1459	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1460	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1461	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1462	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1463	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1464
146520160226:
1466	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1467	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1468	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1469	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1470	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1471
147220160129:
1473	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1474	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1475	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1476	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1477	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1478
147920160119:
1480	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1481	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1482
148320160113:
1484	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1485	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1486	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1487
148820151216:
1489	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1490	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1491	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1492	other loaders.
1493
149420151211:
1495	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1496	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1497	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1498	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1499	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1500	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1501
150220151207:
1503	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1504	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1505	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1506	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1507	in src.conf(5).
1508
150920151130:
1510	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1511	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1512	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1513
151420151108:
1515	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1516	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1517	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1518
1519	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1520	collation results will be different.
1521
1522	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1523	locales before running make installworld.
1524
1525	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1526
152720151030:
1528	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1529	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1530
153120151020:
1532	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1533	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1534	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1535
153620151017:
1537	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1538	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1539	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1540	and 'make -N' will not.
1541
154220151012:
1543	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1544	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1545	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1546	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1547	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1548	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1549	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1550	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1551
155220151011:
1553	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1554	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1555	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1556	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1557
155820151006:
1559	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1560	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1561	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1562
156320150924:
1564	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1565	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1566	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1567	userland debug files.
1568
1569	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1570	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1571	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1572
1573	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1574	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1575
157620150827:
1577	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1578	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1579	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1580	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1581	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1582	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1583
158420150827:
1585	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1586	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1587	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1588
158920150817:
1590	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1591	them, the kernel must have
1592
1593	device	random
1594	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1595
1596	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1597	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1598	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1599	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1600
1601	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1602	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1603
160420150813:
1605	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1606	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1607	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1608
160920150810:
1610	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1611	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1612	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1613	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1614
1615	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1616	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1617	difference with this change.
1618
1619	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1620	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1621	remove that workaround.
1622
162320150809:
1624	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1625	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1626	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1627	with:
1628
1629	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1630
163120150806:
1632	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1633	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1634	loader.rc.local instead.
1635
163620150805:
1637	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1638	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1639	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1640
164120150728:
1642	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1643	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1644	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1645
1646	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1647	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1648
164920150706:
1650	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1651	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1652	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1653	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1654	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1655	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1656	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1657	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1658	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1659	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1660	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1661	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1662
166320150630:
1664	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1665	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1666
1667	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1668	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1669	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1670
1671	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1672	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1673
1674	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1675	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1676	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1677
1678	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1679	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1680	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1681	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1682
1683	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1684	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1685	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1686	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1687
1688	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1689	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1690	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1691	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1692	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1693	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1694	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1695	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1696	will never happen.
1697
169820150623:
1699	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1700	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1701
170220150616:
1703	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1704	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1705
170620150615:
1707	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1708	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1709	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1710	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1711	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1712
171320150614:
1714	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1715	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1716	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1717	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1718
171920150614:
1720	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1721	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1722	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1723	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1724	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1725	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1726	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1727
1728	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1729	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1730	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1731	   replace it with '2'.
1732	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1733	   a file path, create a new file with:
1734		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1735	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1736		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1737	5. Restart sendmail:
1738		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1739
1740	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1741	updated.
1742
174320150604:
1744	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1745	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1746	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1747	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1748	5.x.
1749
1750	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1751
175220150525:
1753	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1754	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1755	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1756
175720150521:
1758	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1759	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1760	and Pandaboard:
1761
1762	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1763	  same but content is different now
1764	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1765	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1766	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1767	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1768	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1769
177020150501:
1771	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1772	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1773	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1774
177520150423:
1776	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1777	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1778
177920150415:
1780	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1781	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1782
178320150416:
1784	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1785	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1786	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1787
178820150324:
1789	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1790	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1791	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1792	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1793
179420150315:
1795	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1796	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1797	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1798
179920150307:
1800	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1801	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1802	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1803	kernel before rebooting.
1804
180520150217:
1806	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1807	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1808	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1809	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1810	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1811	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1812
181320150210:
1814	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1815	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1816	with the new kernel.
1817
181820150131:
1819	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1820	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1821	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1822
182320150118:
1824	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1825	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1826	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1827	are not already using 3.5.0.
1828
182920150107:
1830	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1831	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1832	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1833	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1834	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1835
183620150105:
1837	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1838	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1839	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1840	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1841
184220150102:
1843	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1844	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1845
184620141231:
1847	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1848
1849	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1850	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1851	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1852	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1853	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1854	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1855	later.
1856
1857	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1858	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1859	of the box.
1860
1861	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1862	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1863	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1864	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1865
1866	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1867	the instructions for 9.x above.
1868
1869	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1870	default, and do not build clang.
1871
1872	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1873	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1874	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1875
1876	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1877	the following are most likely to appear:
1878
1879	-Wabsolute-value
1880
1881	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1882	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1883	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1884	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1885	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1886	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1887	  cast, or disable the warning.
1888
1889	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1890	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1891	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1892	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1893	  side-effects.
1894
1895	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1896	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1897
1898	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1899	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1900	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1901	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1902
1903	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1904	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1905	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1906	unreachable could be optimized away.
1907
190820141222:
1909	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1910	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1911	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1912	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1913	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1914	the utilities will report errors.
1915
191620141121:
1917	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1918	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1919	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1920	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1921	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1922	LOCAL_DIRS.
1923
192420141109:
1925	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1926	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1927
192820141104:
1929	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1930	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1931	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1932	drivers.
1933
1934	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1935	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1936	indicate what you need to do.
1937
1938	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1939	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1940	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1941
1942	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1943	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1944	  kern.vty=sc
1945
194620141102:
1947	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1948	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1949	execute it.
1950
195120141009:
1952	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1953	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1954	devel/gperf port.
1955
195620140923:
1957	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1958	contrib/pjdfstest .
1959
196020140922:
1961	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1962	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1963	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1964	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1965	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1966	their next update cycle.
1967
196820140729:
1969	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1970	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1971	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1972	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1973	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1974
197520140723:
1976	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1977	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1978
197920140719:
1980	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1981	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1982	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1983	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1984	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1985	new configuration.
1986
198720140709:
1988	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1989	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1990	them again.
1991	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1992
199320140708:
1994	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1995	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1996	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1997	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1998	requires readline.
1999
200020140702:
2001	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2002	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2003	architecture.
2004
200520140701:
2006	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2007	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
2008	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2009	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2010	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2011
201220140629:
2013	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2014	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2015	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2016
201720140619:
2018	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2019	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2020	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2021
202220140606:
2023	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2024	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
2025	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2026	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
2027	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2028	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2029	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2030	"make installworld".
2031
2032	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2033	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2034	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2035	is run.
2036
2037	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2038	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2039	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2040	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2041	be removed during a clean upgrade.
2042
204320140512:
2044	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2045
204620140508:
2047	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2048	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2049	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
2050
205120140505:
2052	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2053	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2054	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2055	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2056	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2057	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2058	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2059	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2060	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2061	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2062	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2063	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2064
2065	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2066	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2067	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2068	as well.
2069
207020140430:
2071	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2072	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2073
207420140424:
2075	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2076	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2077	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2078	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2079	build hosts for older releases.
2080
2081	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2082	r276991, respectively.
2083
208420140418:
2085	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2086	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2087	will silently lack HESIOD.
2088
208920140405:
2090	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2091	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2092	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2093	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2094	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2095	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2096	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2097	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2098	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2099	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2100	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2101	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
2102
210320140306:
2104	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2105	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2106	with command line option -W.
2107
210820140226:
2109	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2110	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2111	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2112	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2113	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2114
211520140216:
2116	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2117
211820140216:
2119	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
2120	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2121
212220140212:
2123	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2124	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2125	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
2126	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2127	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2128
212920140204:
2130	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2131	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
2132	kernel is still highly recommended.
2133
213420140131:
2135	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2136	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
2137	capability mode support in kernel.
2138
213920140128:
2140	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2141	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2142	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2143	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2144	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2145
214620140110:
2147	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2148	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2149	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2150	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2151	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2152	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2153
215420131213:
2155	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2156	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2157	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2158	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2159	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2160	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2161	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2162	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2163	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2164
216520131108:
2166	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2167	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
2168	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2169	should change your settings to use the latter.
2170
217120131025:
2172	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2173	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
2174	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
2175	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
2176	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2177
217820131014:
2179	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2180	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2181	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2182	delete-old-libs":
2183	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2184	  or
2185	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2186
218720131010:
2188	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2189	revision r256279.
2190
2191COMMON ITEMS:
2192
2193	General Notes
2194	-------------
2195	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2196	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2197	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2198	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2199	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2200	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2201	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2202	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2203
2204	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2205	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2206	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2207	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2208	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2209	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2210	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2211	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2212	an exception.
2213
2214	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2215	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2216	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2217	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2218	step.
2219
2220	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2221	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2222	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2223	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2224
2225	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2226	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2227	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2228	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2229	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2230	should write them with this in mind.
2231
2232	ZFS notes
2233	---------
2234	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2235	these two steps:
2236
2237	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2238	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2239
2240	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2241
2242	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2243	freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2244	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2245	The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2246	booting from EFI).
2247
2248	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2249
2250	To build a kernel
2251	-----------------
2252	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2253	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2254	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2255
2256	make kernel-toolchain
2257	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2258	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2259
2260	To test a kernel once
2261	---------------------
2262	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2263	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2264	debugging information) run
2265	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2266	nextboot -k testkernel
2267
2268	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2269	-----------------------------------------------------------
2270	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2271	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2272
2273	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2274	make buildworld
2275	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2276	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2277							[1]
2278	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2279	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2280	make installworld
2281	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2282	make delete-old					[6]
2283	<reboot>
2284
2285	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2286	--------------------------------------------------
2287	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2288	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2289	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2290	# size.
2291
2292	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2293	<boot into -stable>
2294	make buildworld
2295	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2296	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2297	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2298	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2299	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2300	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2301	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2302	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2303	<reboot into current>
2304	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2305	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2306	<reboot>
2307
2308
2309	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2310	----------------------------------------------
2311	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2312	make buildworld					[9]
2313	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2314	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2315							[1]
2316	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2317	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2318	make installworld
2319	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2320	make delete-old					[6]
2321	<reboot>
2322
2323	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2324	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2325	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2326	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2327	the UPDATING entries.
2328
2329	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2330	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2331	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2332	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2333	much fewer pitfalls.
2334
2335	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2336	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2337	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2338	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2339	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2340	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2341	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2342	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2343	and effective, eg:
2344	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2345
2346	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2347		fsck -p
2348		mount -u /
2349		mount -a
2350		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2351		cd src			# full path to source
2352		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2353	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2354	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2355
2356	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2357	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2358	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2359	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2360	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2361	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2362	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2363
2364	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2365	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2366	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2367	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2368	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2369	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2370
2371	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2372	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2373	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2374
2375	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2376	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2377	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2378	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2379	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2380	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2381	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2382	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2383
2384	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2385	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2386	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2387	for these as well.
2388
2389	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2390	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2391	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2392
2393	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2394	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2395	warn if it is improperly defined.
2396FORMAT:
2397
2398This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2399breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2400list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2401If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2402to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2403
2404Copyright information:
2405
2406Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2407
2408Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2409modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2410document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2411
2412THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2413IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2414WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2415DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2416INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2417(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2418SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2419HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2420STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2421IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2422POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2423
2424Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2425this document.
2426
2427$FreeBSD$
2428