xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 932cf5fa44b7ff3b7ea21ccb32bbbefff11c160c)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020250823:
31	The set of pkgbase packages for Kerberos and OpenSSL has changed.
32	After updating past 250e77d4f0a5, you should check 'pkg orphans'
33	and remove any orphaned packages, then examine the output of
34	'pkg install -r base -g FreeBSD-openssl\* FreeBSD-kerberos\*'
35	and install any new packages you need.
36
3720250823:
38	To restore bridge(4)'s ABI compatibility with ifconfig from 14.x or
39	earlier, the size of struct ifbreq has changed, so you must update
40	the kernel and /sbin/ifconfig at the same time or you will not be
41	able to add interfaces to bridge.  This is particularly important
42	if you require bridge for network access during boot, in which case
43	you should install the new kernel and the new /sbin/ifconfig prior
44	to rebooting.
45
4620250820:
47	The WITHOUT_GSSAPI src.conf knob has been removed.  This was already
48	a no-op for MIT Kerberos, so this only affects builds which set
49	WITHOUT_MITKRB5=1, in which case you now always get libgssapi.
50
51	Also, Heimdal's compile_et and libcom_err are now controlled by
52	WITHOUT_KERBEROS, not WITHOUT_KERBEROS_SUPPORT.  This matches
53	the behaviour of the MIT Kerberos versions.
54
5520250820:
56	Commits 08c7dd2fbe4f and a4197ea47777 have changed the ABI between
57	libvmmapi and the vmm device. If using a custom kernel configuration,
58	please ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD14 option is included so older
59	versions of libvmmapi continue working as expected.
60
6120250819:
62	The CLEAN option has been switched back from default-on to default-off.
63	This reverts the 20250808 change below, which had reverted the 20240729
64	change before it.  Note that some src.conf(5) options are known to break
65	ABI or compatibility in ways that may require a clean build initially
66	when switched.
67
6820250816:
69	Sendmail's libmilter has been moved to its own package.  If you want
70	to compile applications that use libmilter, you should install the
71	FreeBSD-libmilter* packages.
72
73	If you only have FreeBSD-sendmail installed for applications that
74	require libmilter, you can now remove it.
75
7620250815:
77	The [gs]etgroups(2)syscalls have changed. To maintain backwards
78	compatibility with existing programs, you need COMPAT_FREEBSD14 in
79	your kernel config until all applications which use this are
80	rebuild/reinstalled.
81
8220250815:
83	jemalloc 5.3.0 has been committed to the tree.
84
8520250815:
86	The removal of Secure RPC DES authentication noted in 20250810
87	has been reverted.  (However, it is still non-functional.)
88
8920250813:
90	Commit cce64f2e6851 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
91	modules.  As such, all of them need to be rebuilt from sources.
92	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1500060 already today,
93	 so I will not bump it again for this.
94
9520250813:
96	The gpiobus_attach_bus() function has been removed. Drivers should now
97	use the gpiobus_add_bus() function instead. The difference being that
98	gpiobus_add_bus() doesn't call bus_attach_children(), calling it will
99	be the responsibility of the caller now.
100
10120250810:
102	Support for Secure RPC DES authentication has been removed.
103	The keyserv(8) daemon was already removed, but support for it in libc
104	has also been removed, so if you somehow still had keyserv installed,
105	it will now stop working.  There is no workaround for this.  Removing
106	DES is considered a feature.
107
10820250808:
109	The CLEAN option has been switched back from default-off to
110	default-on.  This reverts the 20240729 change below.
111
11220250807:
113	routed(8) and route6d(8) have moved to the FreeBSD-rip package.
114	If you use either of these, you should install the new package.
115
11620250806:
117	if_epair(4) now uses ether_gen_addr(9) to generate a stable MAC
118	address.
119	To keep using the random address, set the loader tunable
120	net.link.epair.ether_gen_addr=0.
121
12220250804:
123	bsdconfig (including sysrc(8)) has moved to the new bsdconfig
124	package.  If you use pkgbase and wish to use bsdconfig, you should
125	install FreeBSD-bsdconfig.
126
12720250730:
128	The usbhid(4) USB HID driver is now enabled by default, and will be
129	used in preference to other USB HID drivers like ukbd(4), ums(4), and
130	uhid(4).  Work on a FIDO/U2F driver and moused(8) is in progress.
131	The default is being switched now so that we can find and fix any
132	additional issues prior to FreeBSD 15.0.
133
134	To revert to the previous USB HID driver behavior, set the loader
135	tunable hw.usb.usbhid.enable=0.
136
13720250727:
138	bmake (i.e., /usr/bin/make and /usr/share/mk) has moved to a new
139	package, FreeBSD-bmake.  If you use pkgbase and you need make, you
140	should install this package.
141
14220250726:
143	amd64 kernel configurations must contain "options SMP".
144
14520250725:
146	gssd(8) has been moved to a new package, FreeBSD-gssd.  If you use
147	pkgbase and you need gssd, you should install this package.
148
14920250724:
150	The Kerberos packages which are built when WITH_MITKRB5 is enabled
151	have been renamed from FreeBSD-krb5* to FreeBSD-kerberos*.  This
152	affects pkgbase users who manually enabled WITH_MITKRB5, *or* use
153	the default value of WITH_MITKRB5 and updated past c7da9fb90b0b
154	(20250721) which made WITH_MITKRB5 the default.
155
156	In either case, if you have FreeBSD-krb5* packages installed, you
157	should remove them and (re)install the equivalent FreeBSD-kerberos*
158	packages instead.
159
16020250721:
161	WITH_MITKRB5 is now enabled by default. MIT KRB5 has replaced
162	Heimdal in base. Ports that use USES=gssapi must be rebuilt.
163	A clean buildworld is required.
164
16520250719:
166	Commits 392a82b225 and c00baac0ab both changed the
167	internal API between the NFS modules.  As such, all
168	these modules need to be rebuilt from sources.
169	__FreeBSD_version was bumped to 1500053 for this.
170
17120250710:
172	The shar(1) utility has been removed from base.  The
173	sysutils/freebsd-shar port was created to maintain this version of
174	shar(1) past its removal from base.
175
17620250704:
177	LinuxKPI device.h and acpi changes effecting drivers and drm-kmod.
178	Bump __FreeBSD_version 1500050 to be able to detect these changes.
179
18020250630:
181	Commits 171f66b0c2ca and 8e2a90ac8089 changed the internal
182	api between nfscommon.ko and the other nfs modules.
183	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500049 for this.
184	All NFS related modules must be rebuilt from up-to-date
185	sources.
186
18720250625:
188	"make delete-old" will now remove the Forth bootloader entirely
189	if the system is built with WITHOUT_FORTH.
190
19120250614:
192	MIT KRB5 (MIT Kerberos5) has been imported into 15-CURRENT. To
193	and install MIT KRB5, add WITH_MITKRB5=yes to /etc/src.conf. This
194	will build and install MIT KRB5 1.21.3. And it will remove Heimdal
195	1.5.2 when delete-old and delete-old-libs are run. To revert back
196	simply buildworld/installworld again with delete-old-libs and
197	delete-old.
198
199	At the moment we only know of a couple of ports that might be
200	affected. Adjusting libmap.conf does not circumvent runtime issues.
201	The few affected ports must be rebuilt. A successful exp-run will be
202	run before MIT KRB5 becomes default.
203
204	Those using the KDC in FreeBSD base may wish to wait. The Heimdal
205	HDB is incompatible with the MIT KRB5 KDC. The migration procedure
206	is a little involved.
207
20820250603:
209	LinuxKPI dma-mapping.h were pulled into the tree from drm-kmod.
210	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1500045 to be able to detect this change.
211
21220250527:
213	pf changed extension header handling. It now treats AH headers on IPv4 just
214	like AH headers on IPv6 and skips over them, allowing filtering on the inner
215	protocol.
216
21720250527:
218	pf now blocks IPv6 packets with a hop-by-hop or destination options header by
219	default. Such packets can be passed by adding "allow-opts" to the rule. IPv6
220	options are now handled just like their IPv4 counterparts.
221
22220250527:
223	The CAM target layer userland, i.e. ctld(8), ctladm(8) and ctlstat(8),
224	has moved to the new FreeBSD-ctl package.  If you use pkgbase and you
225	need the CAM Target Layer, you should install the new package.
226
227	Development-related tools (e.g. ar and nm) have moved to the new
228	"FreeBSD-toolchain" package, which subsumes and obsoletes the
229	existing "FreeBSD-elftoolchain" package.  If you use pkgbase and
230	need to compile software, you should install the new package and
231	ensure the old FreeBSD-elftoolchain* packages are completely removed.
232
23320250521:
234	Commit e64fe5ad3a23 removed in6_maxmtu and its setter in6_setmaxmtu().
235	in6_maxmtu is used to store the max IPv6 MTU of all interfaces,
236	however it does not have any in-tree consumers since the introduction
237	from the KAME project. The removal should have little impact, and the
238	max IPv6 MTU can be easily retrieved by iterating over all the attached
239	interface if 3rd party modules need it.
240
24120250515:
242	Commit 772258c89f28 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
243	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
244
24520250513:
246	The bridge(4) sysctl net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs now defaults to 0,
247	meaning that interfaces added to a bridge may not have IP addresses
248	assigned.  Refer to bridge(4) for more information.
249
25020250507:
251	UMASS quirks and auto-quirk probing has been overhauled. CAM now won't
252	send SYNCHRONIZE CACHE unless MODE PAGE 8 is present and valid. This
253	should allow more devices to work (since the auto quirk code was updated
254	in 14 and broke several e-readers and the like). Please send imp@freebsd.org
255	any regression reports.
256
25720250504:
258	Commit 9419e086e1a3 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
259	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
260
26120250412:
262	LinuxKPI alloc routines were changed to return physically contiguous
263	memory where expected. These changes may require out-of-tree drivers
264	to be recompiled.
265	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500037 to be able to detect this change.
266
26720250409:
268	Intel iwlwifi firmware has been removed from the src repository.
269	Before updating their system, users of iwlwifi(4) or iwx(4) must
270	install the appropriate firmware for their chipset using fwget(8) or
271	building it from ports.
272
27320250314:
274	We now use LLVM's binary utilities (nm, objcopy, etc.) by default.
275	The WITHOUT_LLVM_BINUTILS src.conf(5) knob can be used to revert to
276	ELF Tool Chain tools if desired.
277
27820250303:
279	Commit 4a77657cbc01 changed the ABI between ipfw(8) and ipfw(4).
280	Please note that the old ipfw(8) binary will not work with the new
281	ipfw(4) module. Therefore, it is recommended to disable ipfw during
282	the upgrade, otherwise the host system may become inaccessible because
283	ipfw rules cannot be installed with the old binary.
284
28520250214:
286	Commit 4517fbfd4251 modified the internal API between the
287	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both of these modules
288	need to be rebuilt from sources.
289
29020250201:
291	The NFS related daemons, that provide RPC services to the kernel:
292	gssd(8), rpcbind(8), rpc.tlsservd(8) and rpc.tlsclntd(8), now use a
293	different transport - netlink(4) socket instead of unix(4).  Users of
294	NFS need to upgrade both kernel and world (binaries and libc) at once.
295	Also, any revision between 88cd1e17a7d8 and 99e5a70046da should be
296	avoided.
297
29820250129:
299	Defer the January 19, 2038 date limit in UFS1 filesystems to
300	February 7, 2106. This affects only UFS1 format filesystems.
301	See commit message 1111a44301da for details.
302
30320250127:
304	The Allwinner a10_timer driver has been renamed to aw_driver. If you
305	have a custom kernel configuration including the line 'device
306	a10_timer', it must be adjusted to 'device aw_timer'. The same applies
307	for device exclusions with 'nodevice'.
308
30920250106:
310	A new SOC_ROCKCHIP options appeared, so if you have a custom kernel configuration
311	targetting Rockchip SoC you need to add it so shared and mandatory drivers for
312	this SoC familly will be selected.
313	Also a new rk8xx device was added, this select the base driver for Rockchip PMIC.
314
31520241223:
316	The layout of NFS file handles for the tarfs, tmpfs, cd9660, and ext2fs
317	file systems has changed.  An NFS server that exports any of these file
318	systems will need its clients to unmount and remount the exports.
319
32020241216:
321	The iwm(4) firmwares are no longer compiled as kernel modules but instead
322	shipped as raw files. For pkgbase users if you use iwm(4) you will need
323	to install the FreeBSD-firmware-iwm package.
324
32520241124:
326	The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC
327	option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version
328	imported more than 4 years ago have been removed.
329
33020241107:
331	The ng_ubt(4) driver now requires firmwares to be loaded on Realtek
332	adaptors with rtlbtfw(8) utility. It no longer attaches to devices
333	standing in bootloader mode. Firmware files are available in the
334	comms/rtlbt-firmware port.
335
33620241025:
337	The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from
338	rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are
339	advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts
340	do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across
341	all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown.
342
34320241013:
344	The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that
345	caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached
346	to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing
347	and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions.
348
34920240729:
350	The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean
351	is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel.  The
352	WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous
353	behaviour.
354
355	If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the
356	freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be
357	added, if necessary.
358
35920240715:
360	We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional
361	devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring
362	instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc
363	have been removed.  Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like:
364		uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15.
365	to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa
366	in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards
367	are known to be affected, but there may be others.
368
36920240712:
370	Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed.
371
37220240617:
373	ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error.
374	Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the
375	ifconfig command line and in rc.conf.
376
37720240428:
378	OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
379	package FreeBSD-audit.  If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
380	should install FreeBSD-audit.
381
38220240424:
383	cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
384	own packages.  If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
385	packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
386
38720240406:
388	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
389	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
390	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
391	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
392	errors in C++ programs.
393
39420240205:
395	For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
396	libsys rather than libc.  No change in linkage is required as
397	libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc.  People building custom
398	images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
399
40020240202:
401	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
402	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
403	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
404	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
405
406	The following sequencing is applied:
407
408	1. Bootstrap:
409	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
410
411	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
412	    /boot/device.hints
413	    /boot/loader.conf
414
415	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
416	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
417
418	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
419	    /boot/loader.conf.local
420
42120240201:
422	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
423	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
424	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
425	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
426	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
427
42820240111:
429	Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
430	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
431	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
432	bumped to 1500010.
433
43420231120:
435	If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
436	loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point.  Detection of ACPI
437	was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
438	binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
439	undisable ACPI by doing
440		OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
441	This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
442	small window where amd64 was also broken.
443
44420231113:
445	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
446	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
447
44820231027:
449	Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
450	"ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
451
45220231018:
453	Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
454	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  Both must be rebuilt from sources.
455
45620231010:
457	dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
458	time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
459	box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
460	dialog(1).
461
462	If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
463	from ports:
464
465	pkg install cdialog
466
46720230927:
468	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
469	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
470	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
471
47220230922:
473	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
474	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
475	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
476
47720230914:
478	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
479	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
480
48120230911:
482	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
483	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
484	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
485	for these file moves:
486
487		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
488		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
489		pkg upgrade -y
490
49120230909:
492	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
493	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
494	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
495	corresponding kernel environment variables.
496
49720230901:
498	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
499	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
500
50120230824:
502	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
503
50420230817:
505	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
506	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
507	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
508	configuration.
509
510	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
511	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
512	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
513	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
514	with the serial port at 115200.
515
51620230807:
517	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
518	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
519	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
520	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
521	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
522
52320230803:
524	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
525	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
526
52720230724:
528	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
529	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
530	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
531	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
532	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
533
53420230713:
535	stable/14 branch created.
536
53720230629:
538	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
539	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
540	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
541	file a PR and assign it to imp.
542
54320230623:
544	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
545	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
546	after upgrading.
547
54820230619:
549	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
550	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
551	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
552	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
553
554		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
555		service pf restart
556
557	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
558	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
559
56020230613:
561	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
562	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
563	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
564	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
565	already properly quoted or escaped.
566
56720230612:
568	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
569	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
570	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
571	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
572	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
573	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
574	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
575	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
576
577	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
578	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
579
58020230422:
581	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
582	using git instead.
583
58420230420:
585	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
586	eg.
587		make buildworld-jobs
588	runs
589		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
590
591	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
592
59320230316:
594	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
595	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
596	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
597	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
598	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
599	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
600	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
601	exist anymore.
602
60320230221:
604	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
605	for details.
606
60720230206:
608	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
609	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
610	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
611
61220230204:
613	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
614	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
615
61620230130:
617	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
618	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
619	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
620
62120230126:
622	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
623	system are now built unconditionally.
624
62520230113:
626	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
627	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
628
62920221212:
630	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
631	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
632
633	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
634	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
635	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
636
63720221205:
638	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
639	to reenable sendmail(8):
640
641	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
642
643	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
644
64520221204:
646	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
647	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
648	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
649	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
650	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
651	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
652
653	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
654
65520221122:
656	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
657	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
658	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
659
66020221121:
661	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
662	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
663
66420221026:
665	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
666	for pkgbase users to do:
667
668	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
669	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
670
671	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
672	installed.
673
67420221002:
675	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
676	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
677	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
678	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
679
68020220610:
681	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
682	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
683
68420211230:
685	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
686	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
687	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
688	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
689	reflect this change.
690
69120211214:
692	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
693	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
694
69520211209:
696	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
697	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
698	the coming days and weeks.
699
700	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
701	or touch
702		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
703		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
704		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
705		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
706	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
707
70820211202:
709	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
710	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
711	statement in unbound.conf:
712		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
713
714	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
715
716	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
717	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
718	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
719	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
720	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
721	such names when roaming to different homenets.
722
72320211110:
724	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
725	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
726	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
727	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
728	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
729	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
730	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
731	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
732	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
733	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
734	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
735
73620211118:
737	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
738	tree shortly.
739
74020211106:
741	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
742	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
743	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
744	may need to be modified.
745
74620211022:
747	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
748	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
749	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
750
75120211020:
752	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
753	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
754
755	# chsh -s csh
756
75720211004:
758	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
759	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
760	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
761	this change.
762
76320210923:
764	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
765	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
766	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
767	list of modules to load on their systems.
768
76920210922:
770	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
771	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
772	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
773	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
774
77520210911:
776	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
777	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
778	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
779	being loaded.
780
78120210817:
782	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
783	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
784	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
785	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
786	application-specific configuration option for applications
787	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
788
78920210811:
790	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
791	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
792
79320210730:
794	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
795	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
796	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
797	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
798
79920210729:
800	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
801	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
802	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
803
80420210716:
805	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
806	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
807	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
808
80920210715:
810	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
811	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
812	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
813	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
814	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
815	to update your sources past the above hash and do
816		% cd usr.bin/awk
817		% make clean all
818		% sudo -E make install
819	to enable building kernels again.
820
82120210708:
822	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
823	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
824	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
825
82620210707:
827	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
828	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
829
83020210624:
831	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
832	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
833	for NFSv4 mounts.
834	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
835
83620210618:
837	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
838	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
839	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
840	additions and others.
841
84220210618:
843	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
844	renamed to "untrusted".
845
84620210611:
847	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
848	please install the svn package or port.
849
85020210611:
851	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
852	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
853	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
854
85520210610:
856	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
857
85820210608:
859	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
860	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
861https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
862	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
863	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
864	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
865	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
866
86720210525:
868	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
869	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
870	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
871	detect this.
872
87320210513:
874	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
875	libraries and utilities are packaged.
876	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
877	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
878	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
879	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
880	on the system.
881
88220210426:
883	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
884	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
885	need to be rebuilt from sources.
886	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
887	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
888	is not recommended.
889
89020210411:
891	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
892	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
893	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
894	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
895	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
896	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
897
89820210330:
899	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
900	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
901	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
902	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
903
90420210225:
905	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
906	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
907	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
908
90920210128:
910	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
911	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
912	update.
913
91420210121:
915	stable/13 branch created.
916
91720210108:
918	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
919	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
920	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
921	since it was bumped so recently.
922
92320210107:
924	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
925	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
926	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
927	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
928
92920210105:
930	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
931	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
932	requires a clean build.
933
93420201223:
935	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
936	instructions can be found at
937	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
938	and other documents in that repo.
939
94020201216:
941	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
942	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
943	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
944	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
945
94620201215:
947	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
948	may be installed from ports or packages.
949
95020201124:
951	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
952	See ping(8) for details.
953
95420201108:
955	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
956	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
957	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
958
95920201030:
960	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
961	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
962	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
963	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
964	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
965
96620201026:
967	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
968	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
969	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
970	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
971	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
972	find.
973
97420200923:
975	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
976	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
977	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
978	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
979
980	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
981	command you want to un-auger the tree is
982		cd sys/amd64/conf
983		svn revert -R .
984	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
985	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
986
98720200824:
988	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
989	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
990	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
991	unless you  want to use new features.
992
993	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
994	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
995	rebuilding world may fail.
996
997	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
998	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
999
1000	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
1001	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
1002	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
1003	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
1004
100520200824:
1006	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
1007	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
1008	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
1009	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
1010
101120200821:
1012	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
1013	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
1014	sources.
1015
101620200817:
1017	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
1018	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
1019
102020200816:
1021	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1022	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1023	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1024	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1025
102620200810:
1027	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
1028	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
1029	from sources, so a version bump was done.
1030
103120200807:
1032	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
1033	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
1034	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
1035	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
1036
103720200729:
1038	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
1039	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
1040	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
1041	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
1042	continue to function.
1043
1044	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
1045	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
1046	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
1047	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
1048
104920200627:
1050	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
1051	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
1052	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
1053	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
1054	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
1055	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
1056	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
1057
105820200625:
1059	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
1060	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
1061
106220200613:
1063	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
1064	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
1065	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
1066
106720200604:
1068	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
1069	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
1070	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
1071	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
1072
1073	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
1074	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
1075	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
1076	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
1077	/root/.shrc.
1078
107920200523:
1080	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1081	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1082	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1083	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1084
108520200512:
1086	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
1087	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
1088
108920200424:
1090	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
1091	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
1092	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
1093	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
1094	be functional without closefrom(2).
1095
109620200414:
1097	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
1098	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
1099	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
1100	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
1101	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
1102	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
1103
110420200310:
1105	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1106	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1107	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1108	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1109
111020200309:
1111	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
1112	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
1113	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
1114
111520200301:
1116	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
1117
111820200229:
1119	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
1120	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
1121	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
1122
112320200229:
1124	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
1125	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
1126
112720200229:
1128	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
1129	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
1130	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
1131	ports or packages.
1132
113320200220:
1134	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
1135	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
1136	ncurses.
1137
113820200217:
1139	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
1140	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
1141	together with their new kernel.
1142
114320200212:
1144	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
1145	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
1146	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
1147
1148	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
1149	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
1150
115120200108:
1152	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
1153	linker for riscv64.
1154
115520200107:
1156	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
1157	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
1158	external toolchain package.
1159
116020200104:
1161	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
1162	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
1163	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
1164	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
1165	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
1166
116720200102:
1168	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
1169	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
1170	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
1171	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
1172
117320191226:
1174	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
1175	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
1176	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
1177	ABI.
1178
117920191226:
1180	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
1181
118220191222:
1183	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1184	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1185	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1186	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1187
118820191212:
1189	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
1190	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
1191	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
1192
119320191205:
1194	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
1195	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
1196	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
1197	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
1198	differences between those included in the port and those included in
1199	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
1200	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
1201	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
1202
120320191120:
1204	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
1205	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
1206	for automounting.
1207
120820191107:
1209	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
1210	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
1211	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
1212	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
1213	add superio to the set.
1214
121520191021:
1216	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
1217	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
1218
121920191021:
1220	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
1221	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
1222	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
1223	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
1224	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
1225	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
1226	completely in the future.
1227
122820191009:
1229	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
1230	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
1231	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
1232	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
1233	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
1234	will be removed from the list.
1235
123620191009:
1237	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1238	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1239	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1240	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1241
124220191003:
1243	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
1244	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
1245	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
1246	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
1247
124820190913:
1249	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
1250	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
1251	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
1252	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
1253
125420190823:
1255	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
1256	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
1257	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
1258
125920190727:
1260	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
1261	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
1262	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
1263	your scripts, because they had no effect.
1264
1265	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
1266	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
1267	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
1268	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
1269	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
1270
127120190713:
1272	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
1273	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
1274	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
1275	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
1276	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
1277	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
1278	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
1279
128020190620:
1281	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
1282	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
1283	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
1284	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
1285
128620190612:
1287	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1288	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1289	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1290	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1291
129220190608:
1293	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
1294	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
1295	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
1296
129720190513:
1298	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
1299	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
1300	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
1301	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
1302	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
1303	avoid running into the limit.
1304
130520190507:
1306	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
1307	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
1308
130920190507:
1310	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
1311	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
1312	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
1313	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
1314	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
1315	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
1316
131720190418:
1318	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
1319	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
1320	entropy:
1321
1322	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
1323	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
1324	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
1325	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
1326	availability properties.
1327
1328	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1329	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
1330	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
1331	initial condition, if desired.
1332
1333	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1334	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
1335
1336	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
1337	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
1338	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
1339	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
1340
134120190416:
1342	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
1343	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
1344	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
1345	therefore unblocked).
1346
134720190404:
1348	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
1349	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
1350	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
1351	is added to the command line.
1352	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
1353	not affected and should continue to work.
1354
135520190320:
1356	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1357	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1358	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1359	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1360
136120190304:
1362	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1363	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1364	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1365	or higher.
1366
136720190226:
1368	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
1369	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1370	kernel config.
1371
137220190219:
1373	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1374	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1375	migrating to the drm ports.
1376
137720190131:
1378	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
1379	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1380	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
1381	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1382	is loaded automatically.
1383
138420190125:
1385	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1386	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1387	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1388	kernel config files.
1389
139020181230:
1391	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1392	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1393	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1394	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1395
139620181220:
1397	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1398	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
1399	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1400	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1401	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1402	most NFSv4 mounts.
1403
140420181219:
1405	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1406	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1407	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1408
1409	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1410	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1411
1412	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1413	removed from the mips port.
1414
141520181211:
1416	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1417	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1418	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1419	or higher.
1420
142120181211:
1422	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1423	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1424
142520181126:
1426	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1427	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1428	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1429	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1430
143120181123:
1432	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1433	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1434	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1435
143620181115:
1437	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1438	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1439	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1440	FreeBSD versions.
1441
144220181110:
1443	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1444	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1445	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1446
1447	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1448	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1449	being included using the command:
1450		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1451
145220181019:
1453	Stable/12 was branched created.
1454
145520181015:
1456	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1457	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1458	drm-legacy-kmod.
1459
1460	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1461	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1462	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1463	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1464	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1465	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1466	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1467	that as you will get better support.
1468
1469	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1470	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1471	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1472	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1473
1474	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1475	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1476	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1477	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1478	shortly.
1479
148020181012:
1481	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1482	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1483	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1484	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1485	be adjusted as necessary.
1486
148720181009:
1488	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1489	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1490	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1491	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1492
149320181006:
1494	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1495	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1496	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1497	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1498	encouraged.
1499
150020181002:
1501	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1502	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1503	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1504	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1505	nda device name.
1506
150720180913:
1508	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1509	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1510	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1511	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1512	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1513	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1514
151520180826:
1516	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1517	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1518	default since FreeBSD-11.
1519
152020180822:
1521	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1522	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1523	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1524
152520180818:
1526	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1527	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1528	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1529	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1530	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1531	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1532	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1533
1534	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1535	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1536
153720180815:
1538	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1539	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1540	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1541	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1542	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1543	may not be observed in a future release.
1544
154520180808:
1546	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1547	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1548	your environment.
1549
155020180731:
1551	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1552	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1553	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1554	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1555
155620180730:
1557	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1558	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1559	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1560	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1561	runtime services.
1562
156320180727:
1564	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1565	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1566	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1567
156820180723:
1569	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1570	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1571	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1572	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1573	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1574
157520180720:
1576	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1577	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1578	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1579	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1580	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1581	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1582
158320180719:
1584	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1585	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1586	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1587	boot_serial=YES
1588	boot_multicons=YES
1589	in /boot/loader.conf
1590	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1591	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1592	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1593
159420180719:
1595	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1596	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1597	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1598	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1599	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1600	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1601	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1602	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1603	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1604	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1605	by the ntpd user.
1606
160720180717:
1608	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1609
161020180711:
1611	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1612	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1613	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1614	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1615	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1616
161720180705:
1618	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1619	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1620	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1621	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1622	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1623	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1624
162520180702:
1626	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1627	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1628
162920180701:
1630	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1631	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1632	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1633	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1634	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1635	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1636	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1637
163820180630:
1639	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1640	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1641	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1642	or higher.
1643
164420180628:
1645	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1646	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1647	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1648	file.
1649
165020180612:
1651	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1652	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1653
165420180530:
1655	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1656	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1657	longer necessary.
1658
165920180530:
1660	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1661	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1662	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1663	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1664
166520180523:
1666	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1667	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1668	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1669	later than r334108.
1670
167120180517:
1672	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1673	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1674	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1675	it must be removed.
1676
167720180510:
1678	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1679	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1680	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1681	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1682	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1683	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1684	will go away.
1685
1686	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1687	workaround is necessary.
1688
168920180508:
1690	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1691	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1692	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1693	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1694
169520180504:
1696	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1697	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1698	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1699	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1700	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1701
170220180502:
1703	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1704	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1705	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1706	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1707
170820180501:
1709	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1710	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1711	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1712	be removed.
1713
171420180413:
1715	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1716	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1717	removed.
1718
171920180411:
1720	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1721	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1722	removed.
1723
172420180406:
1725	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1726	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1727	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1728	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1729	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1730
1731	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1732	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1733	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1734	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1735	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1736	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1737	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1738
1739	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1740	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1741
1742		source src {
1743			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1744		}
1745
1746	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1747	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1748	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1749
1750		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1751
1752	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1753	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1754	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1755	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1756	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1757	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1758	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1759
1760	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1761	change.
1762
176320180328:
1764	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1765	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1766	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1767
176820180323:
1769	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1770	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1771	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1772	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1773	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1774	should be as simple as:
1775
1776		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1777		$ make depend all install
1778
177920180212:
1780	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1781	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1782	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1783	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1784	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1785	provisions for backup boot methods.
1786
178720180211:
1788	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1789	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1790	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1791	imp@freebsd.org.
1792
179320180114:
1794	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1795	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1796	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1797	or higher.
1798
179920180110:
1800	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1801	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1802	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1803
1804	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1805	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1806
180720180110:
1808	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1809	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1810	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1811	remove it from kernel config files.
1812
181320180104:
1814	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1815	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1816	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1817
1818	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1819	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1820
182120180102:
1822	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1823	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1824	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1825	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1826
182720171215:
1828	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1829	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1830
183120171214:
1832	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1833	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1834	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1835	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1836
183720171125:
1838	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1839	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1840	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1841	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1842	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1843	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1844
184520171110:
1846	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1847	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1848	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1849
185020171106:
1851	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1852	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1853	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1854	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1855	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1856
185720171102:
1858	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1859	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1860	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1861	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1862	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1863	environment.
1864
186520171101:
1866	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1867	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1868	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1869	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1870	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1871	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1872	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1873	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1874	than hardcoding paths.
1875
187620171028:
1877	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1878	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1879	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1880
188120171021:
1882	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1883	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1884	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1885	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1886
188720171010:
1888	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1889	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1890
189120171005:
1892	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1893	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1894	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1895	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1896
189720171003:
1898	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1899	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1900	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1901	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1902	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1903
190420170912:
1905	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1906	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1907	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1908	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1909	/etc/ctl.conf .
1910
191120170912:
1912	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1913	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1914	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1915	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1916	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1917
191820170826:
1919	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1920	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1921
192220170825:
1923	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1924	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1925	to complete.
1926
192720170814:
1928	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1929	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1930	${TESTSDIR}.
1931
1932	Behavioral changes:
1933	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1934	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1935	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1936	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1937
1938	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1939	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1940	sandbox if successful.
1941
1942	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1943	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1944	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1945	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1946	an unprivileged user.
1947
194820170808:
1949	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1950	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1951	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1952	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1953	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1954	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1955	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1956	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1957	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1958	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1959	to which you should answer yes.
1960
196120170728:
1962	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1963	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1964	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1965	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1966	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1967
196820170722:
1969	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1970	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1971	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1972
197320170701:
1974	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1975	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1976
197720170625:
1978	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1979	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1980	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1981	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1982	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1983	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1984	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1985
198620170623:
1987	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1988	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1989	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1990	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1991	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1992	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1993
199420170620:
1995	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1996	if you require the GPL compiler.
1997
199820170619:
1999	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
2000	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
2001	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
2002	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
2003	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
2004	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
2005
200620170618:
2007	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
2008	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
2009	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
2010
201120170617:
2012	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
2013	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
2014	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
2015	followed.
2016
201720170531:
2018	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
2019	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
2020	from ports (and recommends to install it).
2021	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
2022	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
2023	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
2024
202520170524:
2026	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
2027	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
2028	which only require one chipset support.
2029
2030	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
2031
2032	if_ath_load="YES"
2033
2034	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
2035	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
2036	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
2037
2038	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
2039	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
2040
2041	* load ath_hal
2042	* load the chip modules in question
2043	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
2044	* load ath_main
2045	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
2046	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
2047
2048	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
2049
205020170523:
2051	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
2052	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
2053	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
2054
2055	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
2056	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
2057	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
2058
2059	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
2060	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
2061	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
2062	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
2063	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
2064	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
2065	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
2066	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
2067
206820170424:
2069	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
2070	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
2071	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
2072
207320170420:
2074	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
2075	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
2076	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
2077
207820170413:
2079	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
2080	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
2081	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
2082	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
2083	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
2084	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
2085	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
2086
208720170407:
2088	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
2089	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
2090	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
2091	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
2092
209320170405:
2094	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
2095	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
2096	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
2097
209820170331:
2099	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
2100	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
2101	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
2102
210320170329:
2104	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
2105	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
2106
2107	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
2108	via one of the following methods:
2109	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
2110	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
2111	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
2112	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
2113
2114	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
2115
211620170316:
2117	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
2118	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
2119	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
2120	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
2121	with mmc.ko).
2122
212320170315:
2124	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
2125	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
2126	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
2127	be prefixed with colon.
2128
212920170311:
2130	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
2131	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
2132	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
2133
213420170302:
2135	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
2136	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2137	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2138
213920170221:
2140	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
2141	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
2142	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
2143	change.
2144
214520170216:
2146	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
2147	valid.
2148
214920170215:
2150	MCA bus support has been removed.
2151
215220170127:
2153	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
2154	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
2155
215620170112:
2157	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
2158	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
2159
216020170109:
2161	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
2162	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
2163	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
2164	configuration.
2165
216620161217:
2167	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
2168	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2169	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2170
217120161124:
2172	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
2173	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2174	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2175
217620161119:
2177	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
2178	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
2179	that link against it need to be recompiled.
2180
218120161030:
2182	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
2183	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
2184	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
2185	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
2186
218720161017:
2188	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
2189	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
2190	parts.
2191	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
2192	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
2193
219420161015:
2195	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
2196	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2197	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
2198	removed from base.
2199
220020161008:
2201	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
2202	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
2203	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
2204
220520161003:
2206	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
2207	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
2208
220920160924:
2210	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
2211	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
2212	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
2213	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
2214
221520160918:
2216	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
2217	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
2218	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
2219	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2220	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
2221
222220160918:
2223	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
2224
222520160908:
2226	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
2227	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
2228	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
2229	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
2230
223120160824:
2232	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
2233	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
2234	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
2235	to 1200005.
2236
223720160818:
2238	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
2239	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
2240	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
2241	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
2242	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
2243	0.
2244
224520160818:
2246	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
2247	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
2248
224920160708:
2250	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
2251
2252After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
2253from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
2254entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
2255UPDATING file.
2256
2257COMMON ITEMS:
2258
2259	General Notes
2260	-------------
2261	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2262	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2263	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2264	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2265	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2266	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2267	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2268	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2269
2270	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2271	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2272	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2273	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2274	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2275	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2276	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2277	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2278	an exception.
2279
2280	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2281	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2282	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2283	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2284	step.
2285
2286	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2287	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2288	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2289	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2290
2291	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2292	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2293	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2294	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2295	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2296	should write them with this in mind.
2297
2298	ZFS notes
2299	---------
2300	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
2301	always follow these three steps:
2302
2303	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2304	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2305
2306	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
2307	doing a zpool upgrade):
2308
2309	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
2310	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2311		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
2312	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
2313
2314	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
2315	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
2316	zpool upgrade.
2317
2318	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2319
2320	EFI notes
2321	---------
2322
2323	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
2324	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
2325	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
2326	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
2327	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
2328	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
2329	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
2330	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
2331
2332	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
2333	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
2334	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
2335	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
2336
2337	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
2338	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
2339	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
2340	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
2341
2342	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
2343
2344	To build a kernel
2345	-----------------
2346	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2347	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2348	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2349
2350	make kernel-toolchain
2351	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2352	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2353
2354	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
2355
2356	To test a kernel once
2357	---------------------
2358	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2359	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2360	debugging information) run
2361	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2362	nextboot -k testkernel
2363
2364	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2365	-----------------------------------------------------------
2366	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2367	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2368
2369	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2370	make buildworld
2371	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2372	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2373	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2374	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2375	etcupdate -p					[5]
2376	make installworld
2377	etcupdate -B					[4]
2378	make delete-old					[6]
2379	<reboot>
2380
2381	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2382	--------------------------------------------------
2383	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2384	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2385	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2386	# size.
2387
2388	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2389	<boot into -stable>
2390	make buildworld
2391	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2392	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2393	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2394	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2395	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2396	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2397	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2398	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2399	<reboot into current>
2400	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2401	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2402	<reboot>
2403
2404
2405	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2406	----------------------------------------------
2407	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2408	make buildworld					[9]
2409	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2410	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2411	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2412	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2413	etcupdate -p					[5]
2414	make installworld
2415	etcupdate -B					[4]
2416	make delete-old					[6]
2417	<reboot>
2418
2419	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2420	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2421	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2422	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2423	the UPDATING entries.
2424
2425	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2426	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2427	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2428	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2429	much fewer pitfalls.
2430
2431FOOTNOTES:
2432
2433	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2434	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2435	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2436	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2437	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2438	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2439	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2440	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2441	and effective, eg:
2442	     PORTS_MODULES+=graphics/drm-kmod graphics/nvidia-drm-kmod
2443
2444	[2] To make complete dumps on zfs(4), use bectl(8), which
2445	creates bootable snapshots of configurable depth that are
2446	selectable via the bootloader. For ufs(4), use dump(8) and
2447	restore(8).
2448
2449	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2450		fsck -p
2451		mount -u /
2452		mount -a
2453		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2454		cd src			# full path to source
2455		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2456	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2457	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2458
2459	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2460	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2461	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2462	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2463	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2464	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2465
2466	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2467	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2468	step.
2469
2470	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2471	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2472	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2473
2474	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2475	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2476	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2477	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2478	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2479	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2480	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2481	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2482
2483	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2484	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2485	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2486	for these as well.
2487
2488	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2489	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2490	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2491
2492	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2493	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2494	warn if it is improperly defined.
2495FORMAT:
2496
2497This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2498breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2499list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2500If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2501to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2502
2503Copyright information:
2504
2505Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2506
2507Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2508modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2509document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2510
2511THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2512IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2513WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2514DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2515INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2516(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2517SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2518HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2519STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2520IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2521POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2522
2523Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2524this document.
2525