1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh 4<imp@village.org>. See end of file for further details. For commonly 5done items, please see the COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. 6 7Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 8/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running 9portupgrade. 10 11NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 7.x IS SLOW: 12 FreeBSD 7.x has many debugging features turned on, in 13 both the kernel and userland. These features attempt to detect 14 incorrect use of system primitives, and encourage loud failure 15 through extra sanity checking and fail stop semantics. They 16 also substantially impact system performance. If you want to 17 do performance measurement, benchmarking, and optimization, 18 you'll want to turn them off. This includes various WITNESS- 19 related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc debugging flags 20 in userland, and various verbose features in the kernel. Many 21 developers choose to disable these features on build machines 22 to maximize performance. 23 2420060305: 25 The NETSMBCRYPTO kernel option has been retired because its 26 functionality is always included in NETSMB and smbfs.ko now. 27 2820060303: 29 The TDFX_LINUX kernel option was retired and replaced by the 30 tdfx_linux device. The latter can be loaded as the 3dfx_linux.ko 31 kernel module. Loading it alone should suffice to get 3dfx support 32 for Linux apps because it will pull in 3dfx.ko and linux.ko through 33 its dependencies. 34 3520060204: 36 The 'audit' group was added to support the new auditing functionality 37 in the base system. Be sure to follow the directions for updating, 38 including the requirement to run mergemaster -p. 39 4020060201: 41 The kernel ABI to file system modules was changed on i386. 42 Please make sure that your kernel and modules are in sync. 43 4420060118: 45 This actually occured some time ago, but installing the kernel 46 now also installs a bunch of symbol files for the kernel modules. 47 This increases the size of /boot/kernel to about 67Mbytes. You 48 will need twice this if you will eventually back this up to kernel.old 49 on your next install. 50 If you have a shortage of room in your root partition, you should add 51 -DINSTALL_NODEBUG to your make arguments or add INSTALL_NODEBUG="yes" 52 to your /etc/make.conf. 53 5420060113: 55 libc's malloc implementation has been replaced. This change has the 56 potential to uncover application bugs that previously went unnoticed. 57 See the malloc(3) manual page for more details. 58 5920060112: 60 The generic netgraph(4) cookie has been changed. If you upgrade 61 kernel passing this point, you also need to upgrade userland 62 and netgraph(4) utilities like ports/net/mpd or ports/net/mpd4. 63 6420060106: 65 si(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 66 Uses of {cua,tty}A[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}A0[0-9a-f]. 67 6820060106: 69 The kernel ABI was mostly destroyed due to a change in the size 70 of struct lock_object which is nested in other structures such 71 as mutexes which are nested in all sorts of other structures. 72 Make sure your kernel and modules are in sync. 73 7420051231: 75 The page coloring algorithm in the VM subsystem was converted 76 from tuning with kernel options to autotuning. Please remove 77 any PQ_* option except PQ_NOOPT from your kernel config. 78 7920051211: 80 The net80211-related tools in the tools/tools/ath directory 81 have been moved to tools/tools/net80211 and renamed with a 82 "wlan" prefix. Scripts that use them should be adjusted 83 accordingly. 84 8520051202: 86 Scripts in the local_startup directories (as defined in 87 /etc/defaults/rc.conf) that have the new rc.d semantics will 88 now be run as part of the base system rcorder. If there are 89 errors or problems with one of these local scripts, it could 90 cause boot problems. If you encounter such problems, boot in 91 single user mode, remove that script from the */rc.d directory. 92 Please report the problem to the port's maintainer, and the 93 freebsd-ports@freebsd.org mailing list. 94 9520051129: 96 The nodev mount option was deprecated in RELENG_6 (where it 97 was a no-op), and is now unsupported. If you have nodev or dev listed 98 in /etc/fstab, remove it, otherwise it will result in a mount error. 99 10020051129: 101 ABI between ipfw(4) and ipfw(8) has been changed. You need 102 to rebuild ipfw(8) when rebuilding kernel. 103 10420051108: 105 rp(4)'s device files now contain the unit number. 106 Uses of {cua,tty}R[0-9a-f] should be replaced by {cua,tty}R0[0-9a-f]. 107 10820051029: 109 /etc/rc.d/ppp-user has been renamed to /etc/rc.d/ppp. 110 Its /etc/rc.conf.d configuration file has been `ppp' from 111 the beginning, and hence there is no need to touch it. 112 11320051014: 114 Now most modules get their build-time options from the kernel 115 configuration file. A few modules still have fixed options 116 due to their non-conformant implementation, but they will be 117 corrected eventually. You may need to review the options of 118 the modules in use, explicitly specify the non-default options 119 in the kernel configuration file, and rebuild the kernel and 120 modules afterwards. 121 12220051001: 123 kern.polling.enable sysctl MIB is now deprecated. Use ifconfig(8) 124 to turn polling(4) on your interfaces. 125 12620050927: 127 The old bridge(4) implementation was retired. The new 128 if_bridge(4) serves as a full functional replacement. 129 13020050722: 131 The ai_addrlen of a struct addrinfo was changed to a socklen_t 132 to conform to POSIX-2001. This change broke an ABI 133 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. You have to recompile 134 userland programs that use getaddrinfo(3) on 64 bit 135 architecture. 136 13720050711: 138 RELENG_6 branched here. 139 14020050629: 141 The pccard_ifconfig rc.conf variable has been removed and a new 142 variable, ifconfig_DEFAULT has been introduced. Unlike 143 pccard_ifconfig, ifconfig_DEFAULT applies to ALL interfaces that 144 do not have ifconfig_ifn entries rather than just those in 145 removable_interfaces. 146 14720050616: 148 Some previous versions of PAM have permitted the use of 149 non-absolute paths in /etc/pam.conf or /etc/pam.d/* when referring 150 to third party PAM modules in /usr/local/lib. A change has been 151 made to require the use of absolute paths in order to avoid 152 ambiguity and dependence on library path configuration, which may 153 affect existing configurations. 154 15520050610: 156 Major changes to network interface API. All drivers must be 157 recompiled. Drivers not in the base system will need to be 158 updated to the new APIs. 159 16020050609: 161 Changes were made to kinfo_proc in sys/user.h. Please recompile 162 userland, or commands like `fstat', `pkill', `ps', `top' and `w' 163 will not behave correctly. 164 165 The API and ABI for hwpmc(4) have changed with the addition 166 of sampling support. Please recompile lib/libpmc(3) and 167 usr.sbin/{pmcstat,pmccontrol}. 168 16920050606: 170 The OpenBSD dhclient was imported in place of the ISC dhclient 171 and the network interface configuration scripts were updated 172 accordingly. If you use DHCP to configure your interfaces, you 173 must now run devd. Also, DNS updating was lost so you will need 174 to find a workaround if you use this feature. 175 176 The '_dhcp' user was added to support the OpenBSD dhclient. Be 177 sure to run mergemaster -p (like you are supposed to do every time 178 anyway). 179 18020050605: 181 if_bridge was added to the tree. This has changed struct ifnet. 182 Please recompile userland and all network related modules. 183 18420050603: 185 The n_net of a struct netent was changed to an uint32_t, and 186 1st argument of getnetbyaddr() was changed to an uint32_t, to 187 conform to POSIX-2001. These changes broke an ABI 188 compatibility on 64 bit architecture. With these changes, 189 shlib major of libpcap was bumped. You have to recompile 190 userland programs that use getnetbyaddr(3), getnetbyname(3), 191 getnetent(3) and/or libpcap on 64 bit architecture. 192 19320050528: 194 Kernel parsing of extra options on '#!' first lines of shell 195 scripts has changed. Lines with multiple options likely will 196 fail after this date. For full details, please see 197 http://people.freebsd.org/~gad/Updating-20050528.txt 198 19920050503: 200 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 3.7 201 Please note the changed anchor syntax and the fact that 202 authpf(8) now needs a mounted fdescfs(5) to function. 203 20420050415: 205 The NO_MIXED_MODE kernel option has been removed from the i386 206 amd64 platforms as its use has been superceded by the new local 207 APIC timer code. Any kernel config files containing this option 208 should be updated. 209 21020050227: 211 The on-disk format of LC_CTYPE files was changed to be machine 212 independent. Please make sure NOT to use NO_CLEAN buildworld 213 when crossing this point. Crossing this point also requires 214 recompile or reinstall of all locale depended packages. 215 21620050225: 217 The ifi_epoch member of struct if_data has been changed to 218 contain the uptime at which the interface was created or the 219 statistics zeroed rather then the wall clock time because 220 wallclock time may go backwards. This should have no impact 221 unless an snmp implementation is using this value (I know of 222 none at this point.) 223 22420050224: 225 The acpi_perf and acpi_throttle drivers are now part of the 226 acpi(4) main module. They are no longer built separately. 227 22820050223: 229 The layout of struct image_params has changed. You have to 230 recompile all compatibility modules (linux, svr4, etc) for use 231 with the new kernel. 232 23320050223: 234 The p4tcc driver has been merged into cpufreq(4). This makes 235 "options CPU_ENABLE_TCC" obsolete. Please load cpufreq.ko or 236 compile in "device cpufreq" to restore this functionality. 237 23820050220: 239 The responsibility of recomputing the file system summary of 240 a SoftUpdates-enabled dirty volume has been transferred to the 241 background fsck. A rebuild of fsck(8) utility is recommended 242 if you have updated the kernel. 243 244 To get the old behavior (recompute file system summary at mount 245 time), you can set vfs.ffs.compute_summary_at_mount=1 before 246 mounting the new volume. 247 24820050206: 249 The cpufreq import is complete. As part of this, the sysctls for 250 acpi(4) throttling have been removed. The power_profile script 251 has been updated, so you can use performance/economy_cpu_freq in 252 rc.conf(5) to set AC on/offline cpu frequencies. 253 25420050206: 255 NG_VERSION has been increased. Recompiling kernel (or ng_socket.ko) 256 requires recompiling libnetgraph and userland netgraph utilities. 257 25820050114: 259 Support for abbreviated forms of a number of ipfw options is 260 now deprecated. Warnings are printed to stderr indicating the 261 correct full form when a match occurs. Some abbreviations may 262 be supported at a later date based on user feedback. To be 263 considered for support, abbreviations must be in use prior to 264 this commit and unlikely to be confused with current key words. 265 26620041221: 267 By a popular demand, a lot of NOFOO options were renamed 268 to NO_FOO (see bsd.compat.mk for a full list). The old 269 spellings are still supported, but will cause annoying 270 warnings on stderr. Make sure you upgrade properly (see 271 the COMMON ITEMS: section later in this file). 272 27320041219: 274 Auto-loading of ancillary wlan modules such as wlan_wep has 275 been temporarily disabled; you need to statically configure 276 the modules you need into your kernel or explicitly load them 277 prior to use. Specifically, if you intend to use WEP encryption 278 with an 802.11 device load/configure wlan_wep; if you want to 279 use WPA with the ath driver load/configure wlan_tkip, wlan_ccmp, 280 and wlan_xauth as required. 281 28220041213: 283 The behaviour of ppp(8) has changed slightly. If lqr is enabled 284 (``enable lqr''), older versions would revert to LCP ECHO mode on 285 negotiation failure. Now, ``enable echo'' is required for this 286 behaviour. The ppp version number has been bumped to 3.4.2 to 287 reflect the change. 288 28920041201: 290 The wlan support has been updated to split the crypto support 291 into separate modules. For static WEP you must configure the 292 wlan_wep module in your system or build and install the module 293 in place where it can be loaded (the kernel will auto-load 294 the module when a wep key is configured). 295 29620041201: 297 The ath driver has been updated to split the tx rate control 298 algorithm into a separate module. You need to include either 299 ath_rate_onoe or ath_rate_amrr when configuring the kernel. 300 30120041116: 302 Support for systems with an 80386 CPU has been removed. Please 303 use FreeBSD 5.x or earlier on systems with an 80386. 304 30520041110: 306 We have had a hack which would mount the root filesystem 307 R/W if the device were named 'md*'. As part of the vnode 308 work I'm doing I have had to remove this hack. People 309 building systems which use preloaded MD root filesystems 310 may need to insert a "/sbin/mount -u -o rw /dev/md0 /" in 311 their /etc/rc scripts. 312 31320041104: 314 FreeBSD 5.3 shipped here. 315 31620041102: 317 The size of struct tcpcb has changed again due to the removal 318 of RFC1644 T/TCP. You have to recompile userland programs that 319 read kmem for tcp sockets directly (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 320 32120041022: 322 The size of struct tcpcb has changed. You have to recompile 323 userland programs that read kmem for tcp sockets directly 324 (netstat, sockstat, etc.) 325 32620041016: 327 RELENG_5 branched here. For older entries, please see updating 328 in the RELENG_5 branch. 329 330COMMON ITEMS: 331 332 General Notes 333 ------------- 334 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. From time to time in the 335 past there have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or 336 installworld. This is especially true when upgrading between 337 "distant" versions (eg one that cross a major release boundary 338 or several minor releases, or when several months have passed 339 on the -current branch). 340 341 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 342 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 343 environment when searching for values for global variables. 344 To run your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", 345 prefix all make commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual 346 page for more details. 347 348 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally 349 best to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch 350 first, then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested 351 upgrade path, and has the highest probability of being successful. 352 Please try this approach before reporting problems with a major 353 version upgrade. 354 355 To build a kernel 356 ----------------- 357 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 358 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 359 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 360 361 make kernel-toolchain 362 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 363 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 364 365 To test a kernel once 366 --------------------- 367 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 368 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 369 debugging information) run 370 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 371 nextboot -k testkernel 372 373 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 374 -------------------------------------------------------------- 375 This assumes you are already running a 5.X system. Replace 376 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 377 "alpha", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", etc). 378 379 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 380 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 381 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 382 make depend 383 make 384 make install 385 386 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 387 388 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 389 ----------------------------------------------------------- 390 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 391 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 392 393 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 394 make buildworld 395 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 396 [1] 397 <reboot in single user> [3] 398 mergemaster -p [5] 399 make installworld 400 make delete-old 401 mergemaster [4] 402 <reboot> 403 404 405 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 406 -------------------------------------------------- 407 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 408 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 409 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 410 # size. 411 412 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 413 <boot into -stable> 414 make buildworld 415 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 416 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 417 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 418 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 419 cd src/etc; make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 420 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 421 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 422 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 423 <reboot into current> 424 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 425 <maybe install compatibility libraries from src/lib/compat> 426 <reboot> 427 428 429 To upgrade in-place from 5.x-stable to current 430 ---------------------------------------------- 431 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 432 make buildworld [9] 433 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 434 [1] 435 <reboot in single user> [3] 436 mergemaster -p [5] 437 make installworld 438 make delete-old 439 mergemaster -i [4] 440 <reboot> 441 442 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 443 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 444 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 445 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 446 the UPDATING entries. 447 448 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 449 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 450 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 451 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 452 much fewer pitfalls. 453 454 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 455 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 456 system on reboot. 457 458 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 459 fsck -p 460 mount -u / 461 mount -a 462 cd src 463 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 464 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 465 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 466 467 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 468 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 469 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 470 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 471 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 472 for potential gotchas. 473 474 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 475 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 476 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 477 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 478 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 479 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 480 481 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries 482 needed to do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 483 option in your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system 484 that is hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 485 is required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. 486 487 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 488 last time you updated your kernel config file. 489 490 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 491 cvs prune empty directories. 492 493 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 494 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 495 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 496 497 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 498 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 499 warn if it is improperly defined. 500FORMAT: 501 502This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 503breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 504and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 505previous releases if your system is older than this. 506 507Copyright information: 508 509Copyright 1998-2005 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 510 511Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 512modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 513document are permitted without further permission from the author. 514 515THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 516IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 517WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 518DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 519INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 520(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 521SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 522HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 523STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 524IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 525POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 526 527If you find this document useful, and you want to, you may buy the 528author a beer. 529 530Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 531this document. 532 533$FreeBSD$ 534