xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 852ba100814e41898dc6e673fe0af017084e411d)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
34
35****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
36
37	Due to a bug in some versions of clang that's very hard to workaround in
38	the upgrade process, to upgrade to -current you must first upgrade
39	either stable/9 after r286035 or stable/10 after r286033 (including
40	10.3-RELEASE) or current after r286007 (including stable/11 and
41	11.0-RELEASE). These revisions post-date the 10.2 and 9.3 releases, so
42	you'll need to take the unusual step of upgrading to the tip of the
43	stable branch before moving to 11 or -current via a source upgrade.
44	stable/11 and 11.0-RELEASE have working newer compiler. This differs
45	from the historical situation where one could upgrade from anywhere on
46	the last couple of stable branches, so be careful.
47
48	If you're running a hybrid system on 9.x or 10.x with an updated clang
49	compiler or are using an supported external toolchain, the build system
50	will allow the upgrade. Otherwise it will print a reminder.
51
52****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
53
5420171028:
55	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
56	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
57	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
58
5920171021:
60	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
61	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
62	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
63	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
64
6520171010:
66	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
67	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
68
6920171005:
70	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
71	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
72	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
73	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
74
7520171003:
76	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
77	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
78	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
79	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
80	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
81
8220170912:
83	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
84	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
85	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
86	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
87	/etc/ctl.conf .
88
8920170912:
90	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
91	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
92	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
93	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
94	soft-float everything else should be affected.
95
9620170826:
97	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
98	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
99
10020170825:
101	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
102	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
103	to complete.
104
10520170814:
106	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
107	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
108	${TESTSDIR}.
109
110	Behavioral changes:
111	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
112	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
113	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
114	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
115
116	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
117	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
118	sandbox if successful.
119
120	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
121	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
122	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
123	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
124	an unprivileged user.
125
12620170808:
127	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
128	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
129	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
130	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
131	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
132	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
133	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
134	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
135	forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
136	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
137	to which you should answer yes.
138
13920170728:
140	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
141	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
142	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
143	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
144	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
145
14620170722:
147	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
148	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
149	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
150
15120170701:
152	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
153	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
154
15520170625:
156	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
157	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
158	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
159	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
160	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
161	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
162	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
163
16420170623:
165	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
166	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
167	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
168	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
169	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
170	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
171
17220170620:
173	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
174	if you require the GPL compiler.
175
17620170618:
177	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
178	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
179	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
180
18120170617:
182	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
183	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
184	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
185	followed.
186
18720170531:
188	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
189	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
190	from ports (and recommends to install it).
191	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
192	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
193	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
194
19520170524:
196	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
197	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
198	which only require one chipset support.
199
200	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
201
202	if_ath_load="YES"
203
204	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
205	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
206	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
207
208	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
209	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
210
211	* load ath_hal
212	* load the chip modules in question
213	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
214	* load ath_main
215	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
216	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
217
218	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
219
22020170523:
221	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
222	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
223	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
224
225	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
226	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
227	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
228
229	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
230	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".   Then, carefully follow the
231	full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
232	everything and install it on the current system."  Specifically,
233	a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
234	installing world.
235
23620170424:
237	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
238	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
239	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
240
24120170420:
242	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
243	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
244	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
245
24620170413:
247	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
248	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
249	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
250	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
251	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
252	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
253	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
254
25520170407:
256	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
257	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
258	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
259	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
260
26120170405:
262	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
263	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
264	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
265
26620170331:
267	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
268	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
269	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
270
27120170329:
272	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
273	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
274
275	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
276	via one of the following methods:
277	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
278	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
279	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
280	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
281
282	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
283
28420170316:
285	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
286	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
287	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
288	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
289	with mmc.ko).
290
29120170315:
292	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
293	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
294	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
295	be prefixed with colon.
296
29720170311:
298	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
299	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
300	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
301
30220170302:
303	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
304	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
305	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
306
30720170221:
308	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
309	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
310	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
311	change.
312
31320170216:
314	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
315	valid.
316
31720170215:
318	MCA bus support has been removed.
319
32020170127:
321	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
322	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
323
32420170112:
325	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
326	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
327
32820170109:
329	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
330	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
331	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
332
33320161217:
334	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
335	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
336	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
337
33820161124:
339	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
340	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
341	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
342
34320161119:
344	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
345	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
346	that link against it need to be recompiled.
347
34820161030:
349	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
350	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
351	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
352	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
353
35420161017:
355	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
356	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
357	parts.
358	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
359	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
360
36120161015:
362	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
363	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
364	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
365	removed from base.
366
36720161008:
368	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
369	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
370	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
371
37220161003:
373	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
374	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
375
37620160924:
377	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
378	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
379	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
380	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
381
38220160918:
383	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
384	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
385	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
386	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
387	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
388
38920160918:
390	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
391
39220160908:
393	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
394	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
395	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
396	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
397
39820160824:
399	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
400	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
401	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
402	to 1200005.
403
40420160818:
405	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
406	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
407	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
408	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
409	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
410	0.
411
41220160818:
413	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
414	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
415
41620160622:
417	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
418	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
419	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
420	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
421	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
422	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
423	kernel.
424
42520160527:
426	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
427	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
428	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
429	previously contained a line like
430	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
431	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
432	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
433	generally be fine.
434
43520160523:
436	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
437	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
438	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
439	built with the old headers.
440
44120160520:
442	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
443	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
444	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
445	installing a new libc.
446
44720160517:
448	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
449	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
450	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
451	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
452	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
453	packages will be needed.
454
455	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
456	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
457	and the install steps.
458
45920160510:
460	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
461	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
462	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
463	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
464	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
465	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
466
46720160414:
468	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
469	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
470	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
471	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
472	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
473
474		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
475		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
476		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
477		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
478		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
479
480	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
481	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
482	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
483	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
484	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
485	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
486	vendors work.
487
488	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
489	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
490		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
491	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
492	quirks entry to 0x3.
493
49420160330:
495	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
496	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
497	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
498
49920160317:
500	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
501	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
502
50320160311:
504	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
505	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
506	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
507	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
508	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
509	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
510	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
511	stale .depend files.
512
51320160306:
514	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
515	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
516	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
517	rebooting, e.g.:
518
519	make buildworld
520	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
521	make -C sys/boot install
522	<reboot in single user>
523
524	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
525	below.
526
52720160305:
528	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
529	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
530	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
531
53220160301:
533	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
534	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
535	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
536	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
537	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
538	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
539
54020160226:
541	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
542	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
543	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
544	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
545	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
546
54720160129:
548	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
549	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
550	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
551	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
552	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
553
55420160119:
555	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
556	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
557
55820160113:
559	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
560	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
561	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
562
56320151216:
564	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
565	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
566	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
567	other loaders.
568
56920151211:
570	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
571	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
572	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
573	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
574	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
575	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
576
57720151207:
578	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
579	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
580	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
581	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
582	in src.conf(5).
583
58420151130:
585	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
586	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
587	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
588
58920151108:
590	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
591	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
592	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
593
594	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
595	collation results will be different.
596
597	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
598	locales before running make installworld.
599
600	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
601
60220151030:
603	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
604	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
605
60620151020:
607	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
608	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
609	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
610
61120151017:
612	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
613	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
614	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
615	and 'make -N' will not.
616
61720151012:
618	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
619	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
620	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
621	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
622	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
623	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
624	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
625	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
626
62720151011:
628	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
629	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
630	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
631	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
632
63320151006:
634	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
635	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
636	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
637
63820150924:
639	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
640	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
641	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
642	userland debug files.
643
644	When using the supported kernel installation method the
645	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
646	as is done with /boot/kernel.
647
648	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
649	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
650
65120150827:
652	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
653	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
654	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
655	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
656	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
657	rc.d scripts in /etc.
658
65920150827:
660	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
661	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
662	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
663
66420150817:
665	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
666	them, the kernel must have
667
668	device	random
669	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
670
671	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
672	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
673	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
674	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
675
676	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
677	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
678
67920150813:
680	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
681	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
682	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
683
68420150810:
685	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
686	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
687	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
688	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
689
690	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
691	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
692	difference with this change.
693
694	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
695	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
696	remove that workaround.
697
69820150809:
699	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
700	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
701	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
702	with:
703
704	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
705
70620150806:
707	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
708	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
709	loader.rc.local instead.
710
71120150805:
712	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
713	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
714	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
715
71620150728:
717	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
718	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
719	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
720
721	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
722	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
723
72420150706:
725	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
726	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
727	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
728	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
729	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
730	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
731	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
732	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
733	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
734	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
735	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
736	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
737
73820150630:
739	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
740	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
741
742	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
743	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
744	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
745
746	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
747	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
748
749	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
750	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
751	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
752
753	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
754	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
755	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
756	and it is assumed you know what you need.
757
758	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
759	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
760	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
761	behaviour from your security subsystems.
762
763	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
764	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
765	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
766	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
767	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
768	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
769	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
770	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
771	will never happen.
772
77320150623:
774	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
775	entry below has been been committed in revision 284717.
776
77720150616:
778	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
779	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
780
78120150615:
782	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
783	below has been been committed in revision 284436.  The work
784	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
785	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
786	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
787
78820150614:
789	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
790	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
791	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
792	with Kyuafile and kyua.
793
79420150614:
795	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
796	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
797	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
798	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
799	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
800	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
801	2048 bit DH parameter by:
802
803	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
804	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
805	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
806	   replace it with '2'.
807	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
808	   a file path, create a new file with:
809		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
810	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
811		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
812	5. Restart sendmail:
813		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
814
815	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
816	updated.
817
81820150604:
819	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
820	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
821	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
822	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
823	5.x.
824
825	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
826
82720150525:
828	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
829	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
830	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
831
83220150521:
833	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
834	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
835	and Pandaboard:
836
837	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
838	  same but content is different now
839	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
840	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
841	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
842	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
843	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
844
84520150501:
846	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
847	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
848	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
849
85020150423:
851	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
852	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
853
85420150415:
855	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
856	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
857
85820150416:
859	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
860	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
861	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
862
86320150324:
864	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
865	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
866	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
867	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
868
86920150315:
870	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
871	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
872	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
873
87420150307:
875	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
876	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
877	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
878	kernel before rebooting.
879
88020150217:
881	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
882	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
883	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
884	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
885	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
886	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
887
88820150210:
889	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
890	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
891	with the new kernel.
892
89320150131:
894	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
895	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
896	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
897
89820150118:
899	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
900	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
901	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
902	are not already using 3.5.0.
903
90420150107:
905	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
906	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
907	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
908	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
909	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
910
91120150105:
912	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
913	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
914	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
915	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
916
91720150102:
918	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
919	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
920
92120141231:
922	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
923
924	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
925	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
926	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
927	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
928	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
929	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
930	later.
931
932	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
933	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
934	of the box.
935
936	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
937	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
938	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
939	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
940
941	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
942	the instructions for 9.x above.
943
944	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
945	default, and do not build clang.
946
947	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
948	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
949	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
950
951	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
952	the following are most likely to appear:
953
954	-Wabsolute-value
955
956	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
957	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
958	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
959	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
960	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
961	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
962	  cast, or disable the warning.
963
964	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
965	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
966	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
967	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
968	  side-effects.
969
970	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
971	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
972
973	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
974	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
975	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
976	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
977
978	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
979	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
980	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
981	unreachable could be optimized away.
982
98320141222:
984	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
985	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
986	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
987	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
988	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
989	the utilities will report errors.
990
99120141121:
992	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
993	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
994	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
995	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
996	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
997	LOCAL_DIRS.
998
99920141109:
1000	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1001	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1002
100320141104:
1004	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1005	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1006	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1007	drivers.
1008
1009	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1010	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1011	indicate what you need to do.
1012
1013	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1014	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1015	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1016
1017	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1018	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1019	  kern.vty=sc
1020
102120141102:
1022	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1023	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1024	execute it.
1025
102620141009:
1027	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1028	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1029	devel/gperf port.
1030
103120140923:
1032	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1033	contrib/pjdfstest .
1034
103520140922:
1036	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1037	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1038	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1039	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1040	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1041	their next update cycle.
1042
104320140729:
1044	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1045	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1046	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1047	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1048	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1049
105020140723:
1051	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1052	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1053
105420140719:
1055	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1056	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1057	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1058	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1059	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1060	new configuration.
1061
106220140709:
1063	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1064	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1065	them again.
1066	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1067
106820140708:
1069	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1070	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1071	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1072	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1073	requires readline.
1074
107520140702:
1076	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1077	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1078	architecture.
1079
108020140701:
1081	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1082	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1083	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1084	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1085	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1086
108720140629:
1088	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1089	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1090	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1091
109220140619:
1093	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1094	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1095	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1096
109720140606:
1098	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1099	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1100	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1101	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1102	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1103	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1104	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1105	"make installworld".
1106
1107	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1108	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1109	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1110	is run.
1111
1112	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1113	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1114	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1115	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1116	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1117
111820140512:
1119	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1120
112120140508:
1122	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1123	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1124	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1125
112620140505:
1127	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1128	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1129	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1130	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1131	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1132	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1133	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1134	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1135	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1136	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1137	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1138	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1139
1140	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1141	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1142	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1143	as well.
1144
114520140430:
1146	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1147	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1148
114920140424:
1150	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1151	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1152	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1153	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1154	build hosts for older releases.
1155
1156	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1157	r276991, respectively.
1158
115920140418:
1160	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1161	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1162	will silently lack HESIOD.
1163
116420140405:
1165	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1166	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1167	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1168	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1169	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1170	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1171	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1172	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1173	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1174	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1175	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1176	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1177
117820140306:
1179	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1180	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1181	with command line option -W.
1182
118320140226:
1184	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1185	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1186	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1187	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1188	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1189
119020140216:
1191	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1192
119320140216:
1194	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1195	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1196
119720140212:
1198	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1199	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1200	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1201	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1202	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1203
120420140204:
1205	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1206	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1207	kernel is still highly recommended.
1208
120920140131:
1210	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1211	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1212	capability mode support in kernel.
1213
121420140128:
1215	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1216	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1217	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1218	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1219	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1220
122120140110:
1222	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1223	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1224	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1225	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1226	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1227	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1228
122920131213:
1230	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1231	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1232	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1233	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1234	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1235	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1236	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1237	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1238	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1239
124020131108:
1241	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1242	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1243	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1244	should change your settings to use the latter.
1245
124620131025:
1247	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1248	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1249	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1250	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1251	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1252
125320131014:
1254	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1255	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1256	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1257	delete-old-libs":
1258	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1259	  or
1260	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1261
126220131010:
1263	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1264	revision r256279.
1265
126620131010:
1267	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
1268	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
1269	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
1270	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
1271	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
1272	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
1273
1274	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
1275	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
1276	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
1277	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
1278	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
1279	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
1280
1281	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
1282	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
1283	with an integer.
1284
128520130930:
1286	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
1287	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
1288	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
1289	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
1290
1291	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
1292	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
1293	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
1294	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
1295
129620130916:
1297	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
1298	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1299	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1300
130120130911:
1302	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
1303	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
1304	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
1305	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
1306
130720130906:
1308	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
1309	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
1310	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
1311	options in src.conf.
1312
131320130905:
1314	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
1315	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
1316	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
1317	'options PROCDESC'.
1318
131920130905:
1320	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
1321	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
1322	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
1323	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
1324	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
1325	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
1326
132720130903:
1328	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
1329	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
1330	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
1331
133220130821:
1333	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
1334	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
1335	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
1336
133720130813:
1338	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
1339	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
1340	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
1341	compatibility.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
1342	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
1343	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
1344
134520130806:
1346	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
1347	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
1348	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
1349	explicitly.
1350	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
1351	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
1352	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
1353	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
1354	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
1355
135620130806:
1357	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
1358	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
1359	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
1360	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
1361	to r253970 or later.
1362
136320130802:
1364	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
1365	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
1366	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
1367	would result:
1368
1369	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
1370
1371	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
1372	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
1373	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
1374	old as well as the new version of find.
1375
137620130726:
1377	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
1378	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
1379	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
1380	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
1381	subdirectories must be reviewed.
1382
138320130716:
1384	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
1385	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
1386	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1387
1388	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
1389
1390	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
1391	users are advised to upgrade.
1392
139320130709:
1394	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
1395	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
1396
139720130709:
1398	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
1399	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
1400	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
1401
140220130618:
1403	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
1404	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
1405	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
1406	write access to that file.
1407
140820130615:
1409	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
1410	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
1411
141220130613:
1413	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
1414
1415		make: illegal option -- J
1416		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
1417			...
1418		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
1419
1420	this likely due to an old instance of make in
1421	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
1422	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
1423	you see the above error:
1424
1425		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
1426
1427	should resolve it.
1428
142920130516:
1430	Use bmake by default.
1431	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
1432	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
1433	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
1434
1435	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
1436	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
1437	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
1438	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
1439	behavior in parallel build.
1440
144120130429:
1442	Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
1443
144420130426:
1445	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
1446	the IDEA patent expired.
1447
144820130426:
1449	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
1450	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
1451	enabled by default.
1452
145320130425:
1454	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1455	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
1456	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
1457	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
1458	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
1459	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
1460	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
1461	&& make install).
1462
146320130404:
1464	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
1465	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
1466	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
1467	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
1468	and removed.
1469
147020130319:
1471	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
1472	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
1473	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
1474	binaries will not work on older kernels.
1475
147620130308:
1477	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
1478	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
1479
148020130304:
1481	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
1482	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
1483	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
1484	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
1485	is requested.
1486
1487	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
1488	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
1489	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
1490	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
1491	in /boot/loader.conf.
1492
149320130301:
1494	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
1495	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
1496	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
1497	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
1498	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
1499
150020130208:
1501	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
1502	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
1503
1504	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1505	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1506
150720130129:
1508	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
1509	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
1510	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
1511	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
1512	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
1513
151420130121:
1515	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
1516	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
1517	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
1518	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
1519	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
1520	/etc/src.conf.
1521
152220130118:
1523	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
1524	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
1525	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
1526	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
1527	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
1528	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
1529	use is expected to be extremely rare.
1530
153120121223:
1532	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
1533	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
1534	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
1535
153620121222:
1537	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
1538	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
1539	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
1540	be updated.
1541
154220121217:
1543	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
1544	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
1545	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
1546
1547		savecore_flags=""
1548
154920121201:
1550	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
1551	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1552	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1553
155420121117:
1555	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
1556	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
1557	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
1558	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1559	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
1560	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
1561
156220121105:
1563	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
1564	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
1565	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
1566	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
1567	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
1568	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
1569	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
1570	branch point).
1571
157220121102:
1573	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
1574	functionality now turned on by default.
1575
157620121023:
1577	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
1578	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
1579	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
1580	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
1581	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
1582	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
1583	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
1584	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
1585	of the two kernel options.
1586
158720121023:
1588	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
1589	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
1590	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
1591	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
1592
159320121022:
1594	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
1595	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
1596	recompiled.
1597
159820121018:
1599	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
1600	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
1601	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
1602
160320121016:
1604	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
1605	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
1606	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
1607	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
1608	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
1609
161020121015:
1611	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
1612	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
1613	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
1614	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
1615
161620121014:
1617	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
1618
161920121013:
1620	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
1621	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
1622	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
1623	knob has also gone.
1624
162520121006:
1626	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
1627	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
1628	with new kernel.
1629
163020121001:
1631	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
1632	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
1633	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
1634
163520120913:
1636	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
1637	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
1638	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
1639	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
1640	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
1641	configurations.
1642
164320120908:
1644	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
1645	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
1646
164720120828:
1648	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
1649	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
1650	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
1651	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
1652	manual page.
1653
165420120727:
1655	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
1656	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
1657	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
1658
165920120712:
1660	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
1661	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
1662	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
1663
166420120712:
1665	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
1666	with other variables:
1667	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
1668	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
1669
167020120628:
1671	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
1672	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
1673	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
1674	installed as "bsdsort".
1675
167620120611:
1677	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1678	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1679	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1680	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1681	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1682	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1683	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1684	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1685	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1686
168720120417:
1688	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1689	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
1690	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1691	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1692	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
1693	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1694	NAMESPACE section).
1695
169620120328:
1697	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
1698	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
1699	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1700	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
1701	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1702	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1703	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1704
170520120306:
1706	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1707	platforms.
1708
170920120229:
1710	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
1711	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1712	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1713	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1714	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1715	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1716
171720120211:
1718	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1719	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1720	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
1721	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1722	comes from 20111215.
1723
172420120114:
1725	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
1726	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1727	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1728	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1729
1730	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1731	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1732
173320120109:
1734	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1735	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1736	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1737	tunable/sysctl.
1738	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1739
174020111215:
1741	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1742	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1743	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1744	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1745	not supported anymore.
1746
1747	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1748	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1749	need to be recompiled.
1750
175120111122:
1752	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1753	/dev/wmistat0.
1754
175520111108:
1756	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1757	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1758	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1759	time.
1760
176120111101:
1762	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1763	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1764
176520110930:
1766	sysinstall has been removed
1767
176820110923:
1769	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1770	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1771
1772COMMON ITEMS:
1773
1774	General Notes
1775	-------------
1776	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1777	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1778	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1779	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1780	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1781	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1782	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1783
1784	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1785	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1786	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1787	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1788	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1789
1790	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1791	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1792	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1793	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1794	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1795	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgade from
1796	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1797	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1798	an exception.
1799
1800	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1801	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1802	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1803	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1804
1805	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1806	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1807	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1808	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1809	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1810	should write them with this in mind.
1811
1812	ZFS notes
1813	---------
1814	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1815	these two steps:
1816
1817	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1818	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1819
1820	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1821
1822	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1823	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1824	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1825
1826	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1827
1828	To build a kernel
1829	-----------------
1830	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1831	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1832	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1833
1834	make kernel-toolchain
1835	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1836	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1837
1838	To test a kernel once
1839	---------------------
1840	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1841	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1842	debugging information) run
1843	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1844	nextboot -k testkernel
1845
1846	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1847	-----------------------------------------------------------
1848	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1849	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1850
1851	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1852	make buildworld
1853	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1854	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1855							[1]
1856	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1857	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1858	make installworld
1859	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1860	make delete-old					[6]
1861	<reboot>
1862
1863	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1864	--------------------------------------------------
1865	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1866	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1867	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1868	# size.
1869
1870	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1871	<boot into -stable>
1872	make buildworld
1873	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1874	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1875	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1876	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1877	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1878	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1879	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1880	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1881	<reboot into current>
1882	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1883	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1884	<reboot>
1885
1886
1887	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1888	----------------------------------------------
1889	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1890	make buildworld					[9]
1891	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1892							[1]
1893	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1894	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1895	make installworld
1896	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1897	make delete-old					[6]
1898	<reboot>
1899
1900	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1901	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1902	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1903	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1904	the UPDATING entries.
1905
1906	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1907	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1908	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1909	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1910	much fewer pitfalls.
1911
1912	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1913	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1914	system on reboot.
1915
1916	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1917		fsck -p
1918		mount -u /
1919		mount -a
1920		cd src
1921		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1922	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1923	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1924
1925	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1926	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1927	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1928	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1929	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1930	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1931	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1932
1933	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1934	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1935	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1936	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1937	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1938	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1939
1940	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1941	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1942	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1943
1944	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1945	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1946	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1947	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1948	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1949	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1950
1951	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1952	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1953
1954	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1955	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1956	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1957
1958	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1959	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1960	warn if it is improperly defined.
1961FORMAT:
1962
1963This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1964breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1965list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1966If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1967to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1968
1969Copyright information:
1970
1971Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
1972
1973Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1974modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1975document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1976
1977THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1978IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1979WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1980DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1981INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1982(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1983SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1984HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1985STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1986IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1987POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1988
1989Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
1990this document.
1991
1992$FreeBSD$
1993