xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 81bdc9ebe3d55a4ee30ee123ada62e1fe1ea9b63)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020221026:
31	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
32	for pkgbase users to do:
33
34	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
35	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
36
37	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
38	installed.
39
4020220610:
41	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
42	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
43
4420211230:
45	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
46	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
47	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
48	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
49	reflect this change.
50
5120211214:
52	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
53	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
54
5520211209:
56	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
57	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
58	the coming days and weeks.
59
60	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
61	or touch
62		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
63		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
64		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
65		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
66	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
67
6820211202:
69	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
70	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
71	statement in unbound.conf:
72		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
73
74	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
75
76	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
77	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
78	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
79	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
80	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
81	such names when roaming to different homenets.
82
8320211110:
84	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
85	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
86	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
87	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
88	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
89	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
90	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
91	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
92	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
93	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
94	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
95
9620211118:
97	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
98	tree shortly.
99
10020211106:
101	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
102	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
103	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
104	may need to be modified.
105
10620211022:
107	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
108	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
109	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
110
11120211020:
112	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
113	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
114
115	# chsh -s csh
116
11720211004:
118	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
119	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
120	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
121	this change.
122
12320210923:
124	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
125	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
126	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
127	list of modules to load on their systems.
128
12920210922:
130	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
131	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
132	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
133	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
134
13520210911:
136	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
137	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
138	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
139	being loaded.
140
14120210817:
142	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
143	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
144	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
145	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
146	application-specific configuration option for applications
147	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
148
14920210811:
150	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
151	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
152
15320210730:
154	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
155	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
156	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
157	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
158
15920210729:
160	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
161	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
162	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
163
16420210716:
165	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
166	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
167	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
168
16920210715:
170	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
171	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
172	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
173	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
174	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
175	to update your sources past the above hash and do
176		% cd usr.bin/awk
177		% make clean all
178		% sudo -E make install
179	to enable building kernels again.
180
18120210708:
182	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
183	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
184	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
185
18620210707:
187	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
188	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
189
19020210624:
191	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
192	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
193	for NFSv4 mounts.
194	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
195
19620210618:
197	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
198	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
199	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
200	additions and others.
201
20220210618:
203	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
204	renamed to "untrusted".
205
20620210611:
207	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
208	please install the svn package or port.
209
21020210611:
211	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
212	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
213	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
214
21520210610:
216	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
217
21820210608:
219	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
220	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
221https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
222	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
223	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
224	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
225	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
226
22720210525:
228	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
229	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
230	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
231	detect this.
232
23320210513:
234	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
235	libraries and utilities are packaged.
236	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
237	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
238	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
239	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
240	on the system.
241
24220210426:
243	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
244	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
245	need to be rebuilt from sources.
246	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
247	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
248	is not recommended.
249
25020210411:
251	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
252	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
253	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
254	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
255	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
256	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
257
25820210330:
259	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
260	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
261	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
262	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
263
26420210225:
265	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
266	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
267	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
268
26920210128:
270	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
271	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
272	update.
273
27420210108:
275	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
276	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
277	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
278	since it was bumped so recently.
279
28020210107:
281	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
282	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
283	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
284	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
285
28620210105:
287	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
288	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
289	requires a clean build.
290
29120201223:
292	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
293	instructions can be found at
294	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
295	and other documents in that repo.
296
29720201216:
298	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
299	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
300	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
301	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
302
30320201215:
304	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
305	may be installed from ports or packages.
306
30720201124:
308	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
309	See ping(8) for details.
310
31120201108:
312	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
313	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
314	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
315
31620201030:
317	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
318	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
319	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
320	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
321	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
322
32320201026:
324	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
325	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
326	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
327	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
328	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
329	find.
330
33120200923:
332	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
333	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
334	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
335	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
336
337	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
338	command you want to un-auger the tree is
339		cd sys/amd64/conf
340		svn revert -R .
341	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
342	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
343
34420200824:
345	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
346	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
347	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
348	unless you  want to use new features.
349
350	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
351	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
352	rebuilding world may fail.
353
354	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
355	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
356
357	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
358	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
359	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
360	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
361
36220200824:
363	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
364	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
365	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
366	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
367
36820200821:
369	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
370	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
371	sources.
372
37320200817:
374	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
375	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
376
37720200816:
378	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
379	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
380	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
381	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
382
38320200810:
384	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
385	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
386	from sources, so a version bump was done.
387
38820200807:
389	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
390	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
391	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
392	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
393
39420200729:
395	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
396	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
397	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
398	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
399	continue to function.
400
401	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
402	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
403	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
404	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
405
40620200627:
407	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
408	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
409	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
410	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
411	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
412	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
413	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
414
41520200625:
416	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
417	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
418
41920200613:
420	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
421	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
422	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
423
42420200604:
425	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
426	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
427	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
428	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
429
430	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
431	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
432	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
433	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
434	/root/.shrc.
435
43620200523:
437	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
438	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
439	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
440	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
441
44220200512:
443	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
444	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
445
44620200424:
447	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
448	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
449	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
450	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
451	be functional without closefrom(2).
452
45320200414:
454	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
455	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
456	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
457	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
458	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
459	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
460
46120200310:
462	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
463	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
464	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
465	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
466
46720200309:
468	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
469	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
470	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
471
47220200301:
473	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
474
47520200229:
476	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
477	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
478	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
479
48020200229:
481	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
482	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
483
48420200229:
485	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
486	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
487	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
488	ports or packages.
489
49020200220:
491	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
492	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
493	ncurses.
494
49520200217:
496	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
497	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
498	together with their new kernel.
499
50020200212:
501	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
502	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
503	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
504
505	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
506	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
507
50820200108:
509	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
510	linker for riscv64.
511
51220200107:
513	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
514	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
515	external toolchain package.
516
51720200104:
518	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
519	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
520	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
521	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
522	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
523
52420200102:
525	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
526	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
527	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
528	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
529
53020191226:
531	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
532	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
533	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
534	ABI.
535
53620191226:
537	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
538
53920191222:
540	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
541	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
542	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
543	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
544
54520191212:
546	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
547	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
548	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
549
55020191205:
551	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
552	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
553	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
554	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
555	differences between those included in the port and those included in
556	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
557	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
558	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
559
56020191120:
561	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
562	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
563	for automounting.
564
56520191107:
566	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
567	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
568	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
569	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
570	add superio to the set.
571
57220191021:
573	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
574	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
575
57620191021:
577	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
578	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
579	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
580	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
581	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
582	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
583	completely in the future.
584
58520191009:
586	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
587	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
588	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
589	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
590	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
591	will be removed from the list.
592
59320191009:
594	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
595	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
596	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
597	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
598
59920191003:
600	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
601	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
602	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
603	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
604
60520190913:
606	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
607	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
608	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
609	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
610
61120190823:
612	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
613	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
614	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
615
61620190727:
617	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
618	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
619	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
620	your scripts, because they had no effect.
621
622	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
623	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
624	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
625	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
626	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
627
62820190713:
629	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
630	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
631	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
632	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
633	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
634	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
635	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
636
63720190620:
638	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
639	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
640	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
641	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
642
64320190612:
644	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
645	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
646	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
647	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
648
64920190608:
650	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
651	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
652	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
653
65420190513:
655	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
656	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
657	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
658	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
659	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
660	avoid running into the limit.
661
66220190507:
663	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
664	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
665
66620190507:
667	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
668	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
669	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
670	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
671	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
672	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
673
67420190418:
675	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
676	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
677	entropy:
678
679	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
680	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
681	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
682	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
683	availability properties.
684
685	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
686	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
687	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
688	initial condition, if desired.
689
690	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
691	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
692
693	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
694	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
695	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
696	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
697
69820190416:
699	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
700	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
701	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
702	therefore unblocked).
703
70420190404:
705	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
706	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
707	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
708	is added to the command line.
709	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
710	not affected and should continue to work.
711
71220190320:
713	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
714	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
715	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
716	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
717
71820190304:
719	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
720	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
721	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
722	or higher.
723
72420190226:
725	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
726	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
727	kernel config.
728
72920190219:
730	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
731	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
732	migrating to the drm ports.
733
73420190131:
735	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
736	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
737	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
738	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
739	is loaded automatically.
740
74120190125:
742	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
743	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
744	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
745	kernel config files.
746
74720181230:
748	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
749	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
750	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
751	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
752
75320181220:
754	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
755	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
756	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
757	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
758	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
759	most NFSv4 mounts.
760
76120181219:
762	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
763	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
764	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
765
766	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
767	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
768
769	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
770	removed from the mips port.
771
77220181211:
773	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
774	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
775	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
776	or higher.
777
77820181211:
779	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
780	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
781
78220181126:
783	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
784	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
785	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
786	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
787
78820181123:
789	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
790	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
791	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
792
79320181115:
794	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
795	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
796	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
797	FreeBSD versions.
798
79920181110:
800	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
801	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
802	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
803
804	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
805	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
806	being included using the command:
807		$ newsyslog -Nrv
808
80920181015:
810	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
811	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
812	drm-legacy-kmod.
813
814	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
815	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
816	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
817	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
818	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
819	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
820	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
821	that as you will get better support.
822
823	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
824	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
825	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
826	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
827
828	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
829	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
830	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
831	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
832	shortly.
833
83420181012:
835	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
836	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
837	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
838	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
839	be adjusted as necessary.
840
84120181009:
842	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
843	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
844	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
845	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
846
84720181006:
848	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
849	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
850	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
851	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
852	encouraged.
853
85420181002:
855	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
856	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
857	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
858	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
859	nda device name.
860
86120180913:
862	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
863	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
864	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
865	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
866	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
867	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
868
86920180826:
870	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
871	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
872	default since FreeBSD-11.
873
87420180822:
875	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
876	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
877	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
878
87920180818:
880	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
881	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
882	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
883	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
884	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
885	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
886	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
887
888	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
889	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
890
89120180815:
892	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
893	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
894	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
895	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
896	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
897	may not be observed in a future release.
898
89920180808:
900	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
901	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
902	your environment.
903
90420180731:
905	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
906	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
907	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
908	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
909
91020180730:
911	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
912	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
913	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
914	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
915	runtime services.
916
91720180727:
918	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
919	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
920	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
921
92220180723:
923	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
924	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
925	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
926	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
927	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
928
92920180720:
930	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
931	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
932	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
933	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
934	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
935	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
936
93720180719:
938	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
939	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
940	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
941	boot_serial=YES
942	boot_multicons=YES
943	in /boot/loader.conf
944	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
945	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
946	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
947
94820180719:
949	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
950	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
951	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
952	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
953	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
954	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
955	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
956	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
957	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
958	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
959	by the ntpd user.
960
96120180717:
962	Big endian arm support has been removed.
963
96420180711:
965	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
966	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
967	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
968	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
969	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
970
97120180705:
972	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
973	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
974	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
975	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
976	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
977	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
978
97920180702:
980	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
981	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
982
98320180701:
984	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
985	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
986	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
987	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
988	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
989	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
990	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
991
99220180630:
993	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
994	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
995	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
996	or higher.
997
99820180628:
999	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1000	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1001	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1002	file.
1003
100420180612:
1005	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1006	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1007
100820180530:
1009	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1010	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1011	longer necessary.
1012
101320180530:
1014	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1015	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1016	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1017	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1018
101920180523:
1020	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1021	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1022	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1023	later than r334108.
1024
102520180517:
1026	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1027	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1028	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1029	it must be removed.
1030
103120180510:
1032	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1033	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1034	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1035	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1036	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1037	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1038	will go away.
1039
1040	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1041	workaround is necessary.
1042
104320180508:
1044	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1045	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1046	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1047	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1048
104920180504:
1050	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1051	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1052	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1053	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1054	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1055
105620180502:
1057	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1058	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1059	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1060	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1061
106220180501:
1063	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1064	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1065	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1066	be removed.
1067
106820180413:
1069	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1070	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1071	removed.
1072
107320180411:
1074	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1075	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1076	removed.
1077
107820180406:
1079	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1080	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1081	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1082	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1083	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1084
1085	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1086	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1087	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1088	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1089	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1090	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1091	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1092
1093	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1094	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1095
1096		source src {
1097			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1098		}
1099
1100	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1101	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1102	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1103
1104		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1105
1106	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1107	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1108	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1109	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1110	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1111	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1112	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1113
1114	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1115	change.
1116
111720180328:
1118	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1119	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1120	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1121
112220180323:
1123	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1124	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1125	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1126	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1127	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1128	should be as simple as:
1129
1130		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1131		$ make depend all install
1132
113320180212:
1134	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1135	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1136	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1137	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1138	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1139	provisions for backup boot methods.
1140
114120180211:
1142	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1143	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1144	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1145	imp@freebsd.org.
1146
114720180114:
1148	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1149	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1150	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1151	or higher.
1152
115320180110:
1154	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1155	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1156	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1157
1158	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1159	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1160
116120180110:
1162	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1163	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1164	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1165	remove it from kernel config files.
1166
116720180104:
1168	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1169	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1170	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1171
1172	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1173	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1174
117520180102:
1176	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1177	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1178	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1179	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1180
118120171215:
1182	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1183	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1184
118520171214:
1186	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1187	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1188	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1189	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1190
119120171125:
1192	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1193	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1194	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1195	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1196	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1197	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1198
119920171110:
1200	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1201	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1202	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1203
120420171106:
1205	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1206	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1207	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1208	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1209	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1210
121120171102:
1212	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1213	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1214	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1215	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1216	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1217	environment.
1218
121920171101:
1220	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1221	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1222	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1223	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1224	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1225	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1226	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1227	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1228	than hardcoding paths.
1229
123020171028:
1231	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1232	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1233	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1234
123520171021:
1236	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1237	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1238	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1239	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1240
124120171010:
1242	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1243	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1244
124520171005:
1246	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1247	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1248	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1249	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1250
125120171003:
1252	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1253	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1254	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1255	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1256	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1257
125820170912:
1259	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1260	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1261	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1262	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1263	/etc/ctl.conf .
1264
126520170912:
1266	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1267	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1268	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1269	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1270	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1271
127220170826:
1273	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1274	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1275
127620170825:
1277	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1278	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1279	to complete.
1280
128120170814:
1282	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1283	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1284	${TESTSDIR}.
1285
1286	Behavioral changes:
1287	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1288	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1289	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1290	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1291
1292	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1293	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1294	sandbox if successful.
1295
1296	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1297	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1298	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1299	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1300	an unprivileged user.
1301
130220170808:
1303	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1304	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1305	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1306	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1307	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1308	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1309	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1310	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1311	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1312	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1313	to which you should answer yes.
1314
131520170728:
1316	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1317	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1318	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1319	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1320	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1321
132220170722:
1323	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1324	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1325	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1326
132720170701:
1328	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1329	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1330
133120170625:
1332	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1333	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1334	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1335	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1336	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1337	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1338	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1339
134020170623:
1341	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1342	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1343	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1344	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1345	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1346	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1347
134820170620:
1349	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1350	if you require the GPL compiler.
1351
135220170618:
1353	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1354	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1355	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1356
135720170617:
1358	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1359	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1360	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1361	followed.
1362
136320170531:
1364	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1365	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1366	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1367	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1368	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1369	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1370
137120170524:
1372	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1373	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1374	which only require one chipset support.
1375
1376	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1377
1378	if_ath_load="YES"
1379
1380	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1381	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1382	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1383
1384	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1385	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1386
1387	* load ath_hal
1388	* load the chip modules in question
1389	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1390	* load ath_main
1391	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1392	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1393
1394	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1395
139620170523:
1397	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1398	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1399	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1400
1401	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1402	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1403	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1404
1405	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1406	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1407	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1408	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1409	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1410	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1411	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1412	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1413
141420170424:
1415	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1416	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1417	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1418
141920170420:
1420	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1421	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1422	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1423
142420170413:
1425	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1426	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1427	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1428	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1429	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1430	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1431	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1432
143320170407:
1434	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1435	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1436	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1437	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1438
143920170405:
1440	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1441	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1442	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1443
144420170331:
1445	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1446	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1447	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1448
144920170329:
1450	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1451	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1452
1453	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1454	via one of the following methods:
1455	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1456	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1457	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1458	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1459
1460	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1461
146220170316:
1463	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1464	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1465	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1466	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1467	with mmc.ko).
1468
146920170315:
1470	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1471	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1472	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1473	be prefixed with colon.
1474
147520170311:
1476	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1477	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1478	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1479
148020170302:
1481	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1482	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1483	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1484
148520170221:
1486	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1487	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1488	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1489	change.
1490
149120170216:
1492	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1493	valid.
1494
149520170215:
1496	MCA bus support has been removed.
1497
149820170127:
1499	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1500	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1501
150220170112:
1503	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1504	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1505
150620170109:
1507	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1508	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1509	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1510	configuration.
1511
151220161217:
1513	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1514	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1515	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1516
151720161124:
1518	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1519	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1520	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1521
152220161119:
1523	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1524	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1525	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1526
152720161030:
1528	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1529	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1530	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1531	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1532
153320161017:
1534	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1535	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1536	parts.
1537	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1538	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1539
154020161015:
1541	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1542	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1543	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1544	removed from base.
1545
154620161008:
1547	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1548	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1549	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1550
155120161003:
1552	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1553	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1554
155520160924:
1556	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1557	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1558	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1559	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1560
156120160918:
1562	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1563	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1564	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1565	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1566	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1567
156820160918:
1569	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1570
157120160908:
1572	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1573	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1574	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1575	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1576
157720160824:
1578	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1579	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1580	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1581	to 1200005.
1582
158320160818:
1584	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1585	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1586	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1587	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1588	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1589	0.
1590
159120160818:
1592	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1593	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1594
159520160708:
1596	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1597
159820160622:
1599	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1600	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1601	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1602	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1603	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1604	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1605	kernel.
1606
160720160527:
1608	CAM now strips the leading spaces from each SCSI disk's serial number.
1609	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1610	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1611	previously contained a line like
1612	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1613	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1614	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1615	generally be fine.
1616
161720160523:
1618	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1619	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1620	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1621	built with the old headers.
1622
162320160520:
1624	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1625	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1626	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1627	installing a new libc.
1628
162920160517:
1630	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1631	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1632	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1633	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1634	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1635	packages will be needed.
1636
1637	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1638	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1639	and the install steps.
1640
164120160510:
1642	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1643	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1644	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1645	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1646	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1647	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1648
164920160414:
1650	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1651	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1652	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1653	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1654	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1655
1656		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1657		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1658		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1659		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1660		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1661
1662	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1663	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1664	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1665	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1666	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1667	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1668	vendors work.
1669
1670	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1671	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1672		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1673	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1674	quirks entry to 0x3.
1675
167620160330:
1677	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1678	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1679	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1680
168120160317:
1682	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1683	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1684
168520160311:
1686	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1687	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1688	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1689	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1690	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1691	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1692	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1693	stale .depend files.
1694
169520160306:
1696	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1697	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1698	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1699	rebooting, e.g.:
1700
1701	make buildworld
1702	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1703	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1704	make -C sys/boot install
1705	<reboot in single user>
1706
1707	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1708	below.
1709
171020160305:
1711	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1712	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1713	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1714
171520160301:
1716	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1717	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1718	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1719	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1720	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1721	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1722
172320160226:
1724	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1725	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1726	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1727	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1728	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1729
173020160129:
1731	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1732	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1733	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1734	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1735	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1736
173720160119:
1738	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1739	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1740
174120160113:
1742	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1743	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1744	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1745
174620151216:
1747	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1748	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1749	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1750	other loaders.
1751
175220151211:
1753	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1754	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1755	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1756	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1757	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1758	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1759
176020151207:
1761	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1762	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1763	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1764	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1765	in src.conf(5).
1766
176720151130:
1768	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1769	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1770	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1771
177220151108:
1773	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1774	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1775	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1776
1777	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1778	collation results will be different.
1779
1780	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1781	locales before running make installworld.
1782
1783	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1784
178520151030:
1786	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1787	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1788
178920151020:
1790	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1791	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1792	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1793
179420151017:
1795	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1796	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1797	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1798	and 'make -N' will not.
1799
180020151012:
1801	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1802	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1803	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1804	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1805	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1806	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1807	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1808	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1809
181020151011:
1811	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1812	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1813	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1814	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1815
181620151006:
1817	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1818	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1819	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1820
182120150924:
1822	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1823	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1824	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1825	userland debug files.
1826
1827	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1828	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1829	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1830
1831	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1832	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1833
183420150827:
1835	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1836	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1837	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1838	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1839	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1840	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1841
184220150827:
1843	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1844	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1845	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1846
184720150817:
1848	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1849	them, the kernel must have
1850
1851	device	random
1852	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1853
1854	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1855	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1856	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1857	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1858
1859	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1860	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1861
186220150813:
1863	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1864	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1865	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1866
186720150810:
1868	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1869	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1870	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1871	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1872
1873	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1874	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1875	difference with this change.
1876
1877	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1878	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1879	remove that workaround.
1880
188120150809:
1882	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1883	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1884	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1885	with:
1886
1887	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1888
188920150806:
1890	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1891	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1892	loader.rc.local instead.
1893
189420150805:
1895	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1896	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1897	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1898
189920150728:
1900	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1901	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1902	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1903
1904	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1905	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1906
190720150706:
1908	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1909	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1910	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1911	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1912	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1913	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1914	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1915	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1916	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1917	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1918	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1919	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1920
192120150630:
1922	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1923	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1924
1925	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1926	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1927	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1928
1929	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1930	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1931
1932	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1933	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1934	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1935
1936	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1937	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1938	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1939	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1940
1941	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1942	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1943	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1944	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1945
1946	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1947	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1948	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1949	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1950	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1951	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1952	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1953	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1954	will never happen.
1955
195620150623:
1957	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1958	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1959
196020150616:
1961	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1962	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1963
196420150615:
1965	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1966	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1967	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1968	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1969	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1970
197120150614:
1972	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1973	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1974	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1975	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1976
197720150614:
1978	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1979	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1980	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1981	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1982	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1983	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1984	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1985
1986	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1987	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1988	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1989	   replace it with '2'.
1990	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1991	   a file path, create a new file with:
1992		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1993	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1994		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1995	5. Restart sendmail:
1996		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1997
1998	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1999	updated.
2000
200120150604:
2002	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
2003	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
2004	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
2005	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
2006	5.x.
2007
2008	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
2009
201020150525:
2011	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
2012	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
2013	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
2014
201520150521:
2016	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
2017	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
2018	and Pandaboard:
2019
2020	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
2021	  same but content is different now
2022	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
2023	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
2024	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
2025	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
2026	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
2027
202820150501:
2029	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
2030	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
2031	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
2032
203320150423:
2034	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
2035	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
2036
203720150415:
2038	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
2039	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
2040
204120150416:
2042	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
2043	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
2044	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
2045
204620150324:
2047	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
2048	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
2049	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
2050	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
2051
205220150315:
2053	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
2054	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
2055	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
2056
205720150307:
2058	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2059	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
2060	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
2061	kernel before rebooting.
2062
206320150217:
2064	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
2065	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
2066	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
2067	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
2068	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
2069	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
2070
207120150210:
2072	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
2073	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
2074	with the new kernel.
2075
207620150131:
2077	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
2078	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
2079	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
2080
208120150118:
2082	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
2083	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
2084	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
2085	are not already using 3.5.0.
2086
208720150107:
2088	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
2089	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
2090	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
2091	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
2092	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
2093
209420150105:
2095	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
2096	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
2097	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
2098	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
2099
210020150102:
2101	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
2102	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
2103
210420141231:
2105	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
2106
2107	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
2108	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
2109	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
2110	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
2111	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
2112	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
2113	later.
2114
2115	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
2116	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
2117	of the box.
2118
2119	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
2120	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
2121	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
2122	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
2123
2124	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
2125	the instructions for 9.x above.
2126
2127	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
2128	default, and do not build clang.
2129
2130	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
2131	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
2132	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
2133
2134	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
2135	the following are most likely to appear:
2136
2137	-Wabsolute-value
2138
2139	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
2140	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
2141	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
2142	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
2143	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
2144	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
2145	  cast, or disable the warning.
2146
2147	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
2148	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
2149	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
2150	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
2151	  side-effects.
2152
2153	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
2154	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
2155
2156	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
2157	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
2158	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
2159	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
2160
2161	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
2162	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
2163	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
2164	unreachable could be optimized away.
2165
216620141222:
2167	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
2168	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
2169	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
2170	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
2171	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
2172	the utilities will report errors.
2173
217420141121:
2175	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
2176	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
2177	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
2178	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
2179	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
2180	LOCAL_DIRS.
2181
218220141109:
2183	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
2184	has been obsolete for a very long time.
2185
218620141104:
2187	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
2188	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
2189	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
2190	drivers.
2191
2192	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
2193	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
2194	indicate what you need to do.
2195
2196	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
2197	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
2198	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
2199
2200	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
2201	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
2202	  kern.vty=sc
2203
220420141102:
2205	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
2206	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
2207	execute it.
2208
220920141009:
2210	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
2211	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
2212	devel/gperf port.
2213
221420140923:
2215	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
2216	contrib/pjdfstest .
2217
221820140922:
2219	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
2220	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
2221	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
2222	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
2223	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
2224	their next update cycle.
2225
222620140729:
2227	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
2228	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
2229	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
2230	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
2231	1.12.4_8 or newer.
2232
223320140723:
2234	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
2235	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2236
223720140719:
2238	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2239	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2240	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
2241	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2242	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2243	new configuration.
2244
224520140709:
2246	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2247	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2248	them again.
2249	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2250
225120140708:
2252	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2253	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2254	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
2255	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2256	requires readline.
2257
225820140702:
2259	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2260	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2261	architecture.
2262
226320140701:
2264	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2265	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
2266	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2267	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2268	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2269
227020140629:
2271	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2272	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2273	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2274
227520140619:
2276	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2277	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2278	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2279
228020140606:
2281	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2282	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
2283	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2284	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
2285	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2286	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2287	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2288	"make installworld".
2289
2290	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2291	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2292	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2293	is run.
2294
2295	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2296	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2297	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2298	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2299	be removed during a clean upgrade.
2300
230120140512:
2302	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2303
230420140508:
2305	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2306	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2307	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
2308
230920140505:
2310	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2311	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2312	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2313	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2314	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2315	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2316	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2317	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2318	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2319	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2320	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2321	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2322
2323	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2324	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2325	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2326	as well.
2327
232820140430:
2329	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2330	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2331
233220140424:
2333	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2334	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2335	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2336	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2337	build hosts for older releases.
2338
2339	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2340	r276991, respectively.
2341
234220140418:
2343	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2344	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2345	will silently lack HESIOD.
2346
234720140405:
2348	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2349	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2350	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2351	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2352	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2353	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2354	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2355	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2356	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2357	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2358	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2359	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
2360
236120140306:
2362	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2363	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2364	with command line option -W.
2365
236620140226:
2367	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2368	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2369	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2370	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2371	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2372
237320140216:
2374	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2375
237620140216:
2377	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
2378	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2379
238020140212:
2381	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2382	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2383	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
2384	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2385	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2386
238720140204:
2388	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2389	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
2390	kernel is still highly recommended.
2391
239220140131:
2393	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2394	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
2395	capability mode support in kernel.
2396
239720140128:
2398	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2399	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2400	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2401	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2402	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2403
240420140110:
2405	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2406	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2407	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2408	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2409	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2410	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2411
241220131213:
2413	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2414	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2415	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2416	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2417	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2418	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2419	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2420	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2421	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2422
242320131108:
2424	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2425	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
2426	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2427	should change your settings to use the latter.
2428
242920131025:
2430	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2431	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
2432	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
2433	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
2434	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2435
243620131014:
2437	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2438	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2439	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2440	delete-old-libs":
2441	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2442	  or
2443	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2444
244520131010:
2446	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2447	revision r256279.
2448
2449COMMON ITEMS:
2450
2451	General Notes
2452	-------------
2453	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2454	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2455	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2456	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2457	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2458	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2459	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2460	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2461
2462	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2463	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2464	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2465	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2466	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2467	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2468	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2469	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2470	an exception.
2471
2472	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2473	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2474	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2475	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2476	step.
2477
2478	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2479	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2480	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2481	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2482
2483	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2484	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2485	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2486	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2487	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2488	should write them with this in mind.
2489
2490	ZFS notes
2491	---------
2492	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2493	these two steps:
2494
2495	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2496	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2497
2498	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2499
2500	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2501	freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2502	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2503	The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2504	booting from EFI).
2505
2506	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2507
2508	To build a kernel
2509	-----------------
2510	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2511	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2512	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2513
2514	make kernel-toolchain
2515	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2516	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2517
2518	To test a kernel once
2519	---------------------
2520	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2521	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2522	debugging information) run
2523	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2524	nextboot -k testkernel
2525
2526	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2527	-----------------------------------------------------------
2528	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2529	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2530
2531	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2532	make buildworld
2533	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2534	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2535							[1]
2536	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2537	etcupdate -p					[5]
2538	make installworld
2539	etcupdate -B					[4]
2540	make delete-old					[6]
2541	<reboot>
2542
2543	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2544	--------------------------------------------------
2545	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2546	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2547	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2548	# size.
2549
2550	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2551	<boot into -stable>
2552	make buildworld
2553	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2554	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2555	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2556	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2557	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2558	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2559	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2560	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2561	<reboot into current>
2562	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2563	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2564	<reboot>
2565
2566
2567	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2568	----------------------------------------------
2569	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2570	make buildworld					[9]
2571	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2572	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2573							[1]
2574	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2575	etcupdate -p					[5]
2576	make installworld
2577	etcupdate -B					[4]
2578	make delete-old					[6]
2579	<reboot>
2580
2581	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2582	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2583	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2584	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2585	the UPDATING entries.
2586
2587	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2588	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2589	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2590	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2591	much fewer pitfalls.
2592
2593	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2594	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2595	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2596	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2597	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2598	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2599	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2600	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2601	and effective, eg:
2602	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2603
2604	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2605		fsck -p
2606		mount -u /
2607		mount -a
2608		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2609		cd src			# full path to source
2610		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2611	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2612	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2613
2614	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2615	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2616	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2617	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2618	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2619	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2620
2621	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2622	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2623	step.
2624
2625	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2626	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2627	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2628
2629	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2630	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2631	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2632	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2633	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2634	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2635	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2636	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2637
2638	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2639	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2640	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2641	for these as well.
2642
2643	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2644	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2645	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2646
2647	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2648	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2649	warn if it is improperly defined.
2650FORMAT:
2651
2652This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2653breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2654list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2655If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2656to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2657
2658Copyright information:
2659
2660Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2661
2662Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2663modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2664document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2665
2666THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2667IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2668WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2669DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2670INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2671(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2672SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2673HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2674STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2675IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2676POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2677
2678Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2679this document.
2680
2681$FreeBSD$
2682