xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 7fdf597e96a02165cfe22ff357b857d5fa15ed8a)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020241124:
31	The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC
32	option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version
33	imported more than 4 years ago have been removed.
34
3520241025:
36	The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from
37	rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are
38	advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts
39	do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across
40	all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown.
41
4220241013:
43	The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that
44	caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached
45	to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing
46	and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions.
47
4820240729:
49	The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean
50	is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel.  The
51	WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous
52	behaviour.
53
54	If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the
55	freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be
56	added, if necessary.
57
5820240715:
59	We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional
60	devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring
61	instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc
62	have been removed.  Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like:
63		uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15.
64	to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa
65	in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards
66	are known to be affected, but there may be others.
67
6820240712:
69	Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed.
70
7120240617:
72	ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error.
73	Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the
74	ifconfig command line and in rc.conf.
75
7620240428:
77	OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
78	package FreeBSD-audit.  If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
79	should install FreeBSD-audit.
80
8120240424:
82	cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
83	own packages.  If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
84	packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
85
8620240406:
87	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
88	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
89	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
90	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
91	errors in C++ programs.
92
9320240205:
94	For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
95	libsys rather than libc.  No change in linkage is required as
96	libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc.  People building custom
97	images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
98
9920240202:
100	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
101	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
102	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
103	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
104
105	The following sequencing is applied:
106
107	1. Bootstrap:
108	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
109
110	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
111	    /boot/device.hints
112	    /boot/loader.conf
113
114	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
115	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
116
117	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
118	    /boot/loader.conf.local
119
12020240201:
121	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
122	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
123	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
124	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
125	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
126
12720240111:
128	Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
129	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
130	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
131	bumped to 1500010.
132
13320231120:
134	If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
135	loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point.  Detection of ACPI
136	was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
137	binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
138	undisable ACPI by doing
139		OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
140	This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
141	small window where amd64 was also broken.
142
14320231113:
144	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
145	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
146
14720231027:
148	Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
149	"ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
150
15120231018:
152	Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
153	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  Both must be rebuilt from sources.
154
15520231010:
156	dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
157	time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
158	box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
159	dialog(1).
160
161	If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
162	from ports:
163
164	pkg install cdialog
165
16620230927:
167	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
168	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
169	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
170
17120230922:
172	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
173	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
174	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
175
17620230914:
177	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
178	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
179
18020230911:
181	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
182	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
183	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
184	for these file moves:
185
186		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
187		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
188		pkg upgrade -y
189
19020230909:
191	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
192	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
193	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
194	corresponding kernel environment variables.
195
19620230901:
197	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
198	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
199
20020230824:
201	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
202
20320230817:
204	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
205	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
206	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
207	configuration.
208
209	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
210	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
211	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
212	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
213	with the serial port at 115200.
214
21520230807:
216	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
217	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
218	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
219	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
220	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
221
22220230803:
223	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
224	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
225
22620230724:
227	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
228	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
229	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
230	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
231	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
232
23320230713:
234	stable/14 branch created.
235
23620230629:
237	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
238	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
239	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
240	file a PR and assign it to imp.
241
24220230623:
243	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
244	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
245	after upgrading.
246
24720230619:
248	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
249	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
250	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
251	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
252
253		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
254		service pf restart
255
256	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
257	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
258
25920230613:
260	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
261	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
262	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
263	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
264	already properly quoted or escaped.
265
26620230612:
267	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
268	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
269	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
270	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
271	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
272	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
273	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
274	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
275
276	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
277	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
278
27920230422:
280	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
281	using git instead.
282
28320230420:
284	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
285	eg.
286		make buildworld-jobs
287	runs
288		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
289
290	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
291
29220230316:
293	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
294	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
295	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
296	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
297	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
298	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
299	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
300	exist anymore.
301
30220230221:
303	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
304	for details.
305
30620230206:
307	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
308	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
309	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
310
31120230204:
312	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
313	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
314
31520230130:
316	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
317	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
318	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
319
32020230126:
321	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
322	system are now built unconditionally.
323
32420230113:
325	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
326	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
327
32820221212:
329	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
330	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
331
332	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
333	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
334	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
335
33620221205:
337	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
338	to reenable sendmail(8):
339
340	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
341
342	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
343
34420221204:
345	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
346	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
347	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
348	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
349	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
350	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
351
352	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
353
35420221122:
355	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
356	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
357	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
358
35920221121:
360	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
361	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
362
36320221026:
364	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
365	for pkgbase users to do:
366
367	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
368	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
369
370	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
371	installed.
372
37320221002:
374	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
375	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
376	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
377	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
378
37920220610:
380	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
381	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
382
38320211230:
384	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
385	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
386	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
387	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
388	reflect this change.
389
39020211214:
391	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
392	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
393
39420211209:
395	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
396	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
397	the coming days and weeks.
398
399	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
400	or touch
401		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
402		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
403		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
404		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
405	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
406
40720211202:
408	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
409	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
410	statement in unbound.conf:
411		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
412
413	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
414
415	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
416	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
417	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
418	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
419	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
420	such names when roaming to different homenets.
421
42220211110:
423	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
424	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
425	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
426	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
427	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
428	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
429	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
430	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
431	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
432	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
433	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
434
43520211118:
436	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
437	tree shortly.
438
43920211106:
440	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
441	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
442	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
443	may need to be modified.
444
44520211022:
446	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
447	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
448	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
449
45020211020:
451	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
452	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
453
454	# chsh -s csh
455
45620211004:
457	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
458	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
459	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
460	this change.
461
46220210923:
463	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
464	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
465	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
466	list of modules to load on their systems.
467
46820210922:
469	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
470	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
471	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
472	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
473
47420210911:
475	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
476	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
477	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
478	being loaded.
479
48020210817:
481	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
482	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
483	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
484	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
485	application-specific configuration option for applications
486	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
487
48820210811:
489	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
490	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
491
49220210730:
493	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
494	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
495	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
496	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
497
49820210729:
499	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
500	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
501	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
502
50320210716:
504	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
505	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
506	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
507
50820210715:
509	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
510	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
511	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
512	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
513	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
514	to update your sources past the above hash and do
515		% cd usr.bin/awk
516		% make clean all
517		% sudo -E make install
518	to enable building kernels again.
519
52020210708:
521	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
522	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
523	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
524
52520210707:
526	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
527	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
528
52920210624:
530	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
531	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
532	for NFSv4 mounts.
533	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
534
53520210618:
536	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
537	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
538	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
539	additions and others.
540
54120210618:
542	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
543	renamed to "untrusted".
544
54520210611:
546	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
547	please install the svn package or port.
548
54920210611:
550	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
551	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
552	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
553
55420210610:
555	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
556
55720210608:
558	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
559	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
560https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
561	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
562	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
563	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
564	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
565
56620210525:
567	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
568	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
569	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
570	detect this.
571
57220210513:
573	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
574	libraries and utilities are packaged.
575	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
576	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
577	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
578	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
579	on the system.
580
58120210426:
582	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
583	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
584	need to be rebuilt from sources.
585	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
586	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
587	is not recommended.
588
58920210411:
590	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
591	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
592	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
593	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
594	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
595	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
596
59720210330:
598	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
599	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
600	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
601	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
602
60320210225:
604	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
605	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
606	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
607
60820210128:
609	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
610	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
611	update.
612
61320210121:
614	stable/13 branch created.
615
61620210108:
617	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
618	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
619	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
620	since it was bumped so recently.
621
62220210107:
623	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
624	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
625	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
626	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
627
62820210105:
629	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
630	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
631	requires a clean build.
632
63320201223:
634	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
635	instructions can be found at
636	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
637	and other documents in that repo.
638
63920201216:
640	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
641	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
642	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
643	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
644
64520201215:
646	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
647	may be installed from ports or packages.
648
64920201124:
650	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
651	See ping(8) for details.
652
65320201108:
654	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
655	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
656	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
657
65820201030:
659	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
660	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
661	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
662	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
663	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
664
66520201026:
666	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
667	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
668	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
669	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
670	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
671	find.
672
67320200923:
674	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
675	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
676	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
677	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
678
679	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
680	command you want to un-auger the tree is
681		cd sys/amd64/conf
682		svn revert -R .
683	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
684	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
685
68620200824:
687	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
688	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
689	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
690	unless you  want to use new features.
691
692	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
693	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
694	rebuilding world may fail.
695
696	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
697	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
698
699	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
700	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
701	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
702	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
703
70420200824:
705	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
706	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
707	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
708	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
709
71020200821:
711	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
712	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
713	sources.
714
71520200817:
716	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
717	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
718
71920200816:
720	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
721	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
722	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
723	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
724
72520200810:
726	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
727	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
728	from sources, so a version bump was done.
729
73020200807:
731	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
732	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
733	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
734	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
735
73620200729:
737	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
738	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
739	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
740	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
741	continue to function.
742
743	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
744	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
745	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
746	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
747
74820200627:
749	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
750	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
751	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
752	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
753	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
754	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
755	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
756
75720200625:
758	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
759	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
760
76120200613:
762	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
763	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
764	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
765
76620200604:
767	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
768	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
769	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
770	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
771
772	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
773	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
774	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
775	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
776	/root/.shrc.
777
77820200523:
779	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
780	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
781	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
782	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
783
78420200512:
785	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
786	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
787
78820200424:
789	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
790	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
791	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
792	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
793	be functional without closefrom(2).
794
79520200414:
796	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
797	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
798	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
799	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
800	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
801	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
802
80320200310:
804	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
805	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
806	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
807	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
808
80920200309:
810	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
811	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
812	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
813
81420200301:
815	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
816
81720200229:
818	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
819	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
820	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
821
82220200229:
823	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
824	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
825
82620200229:
827	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
828	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
829	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
830	ports or packages.
831
83220200220:
833	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
834	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
835	ncurses.
836
83720200217:
838	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
839	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
840	together with their new kernel.
841
84220200212:
843	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
844	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
845	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
846
847	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
848	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
849
85020200108:
851	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
852	linker for riscv64.
853
85420200107:
855	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
856	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
857	external toolchain package.
858
85920200104:
860	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
861	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
862	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
863	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
864	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
865
86620200102:
867	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
868	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
869	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
870	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
871
87220191226:
873	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
874	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
875	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
876	ABI.
877
87820191226:
879	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
880
88120191222:
882	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
883	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
884	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
885	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
886
88720191212:
888	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
889	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
890	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
891
89220191205:
893	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
894	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
895	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
896	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
897	differences between those included in the port and those included in
898	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
899	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
900	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
901
90220191120:
903	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
904	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
905	for automounting.
906
90720191107:
908	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
909	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
910	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
911	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
912	add superio to the set.
913
91420191021:
915	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
916	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
917
91820191021:
919	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
920	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
921	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
922	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
923	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
924	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
925	completely in the future.
926
92720191009:
928	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
929	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
930	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
931	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
932	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
933	will be removed from the list.
934
93520191009:
936	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
937	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
938	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
939	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
940
94120191003:
942	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
943	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
944	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
945	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
946
94720190913:
948	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
949	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
950	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
951	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
952
95320190823:
954	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
955	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
956	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
957
95820190727:
959	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
960	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
961	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
962	your scripts, because they had no effect.
963
964	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
965	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
966	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
967	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
968	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
969
97020190713:
971	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
972	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
973	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
974	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
975	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
976	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
977	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
978
97920190620:
980	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
981	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
982	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
983	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
984
98520190612:
986	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
987	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
988	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
989	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
990
99120190608:
992	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
993	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
994	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
995
99620190513:
997	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
998	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
999	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
1000	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
1001	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
1002	avoid running into the limit.
1003
100420190507:
1005	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
1006	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
1007
100820190507:
1009	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
1010	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
1011	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
1012	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
1013	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
1014	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
1015
101620190418:
1017	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
1018	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
1019	entropy:
1020
1021	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
1022	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
1023	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
1024	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
1025	availability properties.
1026
1027	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1028	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
1029	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
1030	initial condition, if desired.
1031
1032	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1033	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
1034
1035	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
1036	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
1037	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
1038	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
1039
104020190416:
1041	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
1042	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
1043	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
1044	therefore unblocked).
1045
104620190404:
1047	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
1048	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
1049	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
1050	is added to the command line.
1051	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
1052	not affected and should continue to work.
1053
105420190320:
1055	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1056	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1057	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1058	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1059
106020190304:
1061	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1062	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1063	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1064	or higher.
1065
106620190226:
1067	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
1068	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1069	kernel config.
1070
107120190219:
1072	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1073	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1074	migrating to the drm ports.
1075
107620190131:
1077	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
1078	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1079	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
1080	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1081	is loaded automatically.
1082
108320190125:
1084	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1085	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1086	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1087	kernel config files.
1088
108920181230:
1090	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1091	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1092	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1093	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1094
109520181220:
1096	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1097	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
1098	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1099	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1100	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1101	most NFSv4 mounts.
1102
110320181219:
1104	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1105	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1106	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1107
1108	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1109	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1110
1111	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1112	removed from the mips port.
1113
111420181211:
1115	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1116	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1117	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1118	or higher.
1119
112020181211:
1121	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1122	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1123
112420181126:
1125	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1126	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1127	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1128	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1129
113020181123:
1131	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1132	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1133	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1134
113520181115:
1136	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1137	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1138	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1139	FreeBSD versions.
1140
114120181110:
1142	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1143	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1144	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1145
1146	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1147	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1148	being included using the command:
1149		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1150
115120181019:
1152	Stable/12 was branched created.
1153
115420181015:
1155	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1156	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1157	drm-legacy-kmod.
1158
1159	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1160	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1161	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1162	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1163	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1164	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1165	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1166	that as you will get better support.
1167
1168	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1169	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1170	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1171	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1172
1173	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1174	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1175	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1176	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1177	shortly.
1178
117920181012:
1180	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1181	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1182	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1183	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1184	be adjusted as necessary.
1185
118620181009:
1187	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1188	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1189	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1190	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1191
119220181006:
1193	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1194	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1195	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1196	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1197	encouraged.
1198
119920181002:
1200	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1201	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1202	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1203	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1204	nda device name.
1205
120620180913:
1207	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1208	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1209	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1210	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1211	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1212	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1213
121420180826:
1215	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1216	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1217	default since FreeBSD-11.
1218
121920180822:
1220	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1221	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1222	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1223
122420180818:
1225	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1226	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1227	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1228	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1229	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1230	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1231	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1232
1233	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1234	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1235
123620180815:
1237	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1238	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1239	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1240	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1241	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1242	may not be observed in a future release.
1243
124420180808:
1245	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1246	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1247	your environment.
1248
124920180731:
1250	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1251	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1252	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1253	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1254
125520180730:
1256	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1257	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1258	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1259	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1260	runtime services.
1261
126220180727:
1263	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1264	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1265	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1266
126720180723:
1268	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1269	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1270	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1271	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1272	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1273
127420180720:
1275	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1276	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1277	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1278	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1279	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1280	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1281
128220180719:
1283	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1284	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1285	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1286	boot_serial=YES
1287	boot_multicons=YES
1288	in /boot/loader.conf
1289	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1290	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1291	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1292
129320180719:
1294	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1295	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1296	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1297	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1298	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1299	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1300	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1301	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1302	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1303	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1304	by the ntpd user.
1305
130620180717:
1307	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1308
130920180711:
1310	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1311	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1312	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1313	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1314	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1315
131620180705:
1317	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1318	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1319	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1320	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1321	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1322	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1323
132420180702:
1325	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1326	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1327
132820180701:
1329	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1330	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1331	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1332	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1333	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1334	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1335	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1336
133720180630:
1338	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1339	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1340	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1341	or higher.
1342
134320180628:
1344	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1345	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1346	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1347	file.
1348
134920180612:
1350	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1351	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1352
135320180530:
1354	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1355	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1356	longer necessary.
1357
135820180530:
1359	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1360	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1361	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1362	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1363
136420180523:
1365	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1366	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1367	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1368	later than r334108.
1369
137020180517:
1371	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1372	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1373	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1374	it must be removed.
1375
137620180510:
1377	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1378	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1379	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1380	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1381	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1382	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1383	will go away.
1384
1385	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1386	workaround is necessary.
1387
138820180508:
1389	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1390	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1391	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1392	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1393
139420180504:
1395	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1396	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1397	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1398	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1399	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1400
140120180502:
1402	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1403	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1404	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1405	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1406
140720180501:
1408	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1409	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1410	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1411	be removed.
1412
141320180413:
1414	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1415	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1416	removed.
1417
141820180411:
1419	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1420	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1421	removed.
1422
142320180406:
1424	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1425	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1426	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1427	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1428	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1429
1430	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1431	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1432	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1433	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1434	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1435	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1436	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1437
1438	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1439	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1440
1441		source src {
1442			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1443		}
1444
1445	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1446	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1447	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1448
1449		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1450
1451	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1452	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1453	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1454	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1455	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1456	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1457	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1458
1459	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1460	change.
1461
146220180328:
1463	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1464	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1465	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1466
146720180323:
1468	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1469	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1470	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1471	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1472	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1473	should be as simple as:
1474
1475		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1476		$ make depend all install
1477
147820180212:
1479	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1480	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1481	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1482	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1483	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1484	provisions for backup boot methods.
1485
148620180211:
1487	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1488	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1489	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1490	imp@freebsd.org.
1491
149220180114:
1493	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1494	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1495	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1496	or higher.
1497
149820180110:
1499	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1500	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1501	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1502
1503	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1504	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1505
150620180110:
1507	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1508	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1509	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1510	remove it from kernel config files.
1511
151220180104:
1513	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1514	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1515	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1516
1517	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1518	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1519
152020180102:
1521	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1522	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1523	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1524	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1525
152620171215:
1527	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1528	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1529
153020171214:
1531	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1532	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1533	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1534	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1535
153620171125:
1537	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1538	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1539	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1540	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1541	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1542	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1543
154420171110:
1545	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1546	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1547	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1548
154920171106:
1550	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1551	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1552	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1553	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1554	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1555
155620171102:
1557	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1558	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1559	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1560	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1561	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1562	environment.
1563
156420171101:
1565	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1566	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1567	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1568	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1569	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1570	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1571	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1572	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1573	than hardcoding paths.
1574
157520171028:
1576	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1577	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1578	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1579
158020171021:
1581	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1582	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1583	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1584	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1585
158620171010:
1587	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1588	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1589
159020171005:
1591	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1592	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1593	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1594	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1595
159620171003:
1597	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1598	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1599	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1600	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1601	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1602
160320170912:
1604	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1605	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1606	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1607	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1608	/etc/ctl.conf .
1609
161020170912:
1611	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1612	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1613	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1614	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1615	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1616
161720170826:
1618	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1619	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1620
162120170825:
1622	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1623	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1624	to complete.
1625
162620170814:
1627	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1628	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1629	${TESTSDIR}.
1630
1631	Behavioral changes:
1632	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1633	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1634	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1635	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1636
1637	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1638	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1639	sandbox if successful.
1640
1641	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1642	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1643	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1644	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1645	an unprivileged user.
1646
164720170808:
1648	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1649	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1650	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1651	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1652	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1653	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1654	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1655	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1656	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1657	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1658	to which you should answer yes.
1659
166020170728:
1661	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1662	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1663	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1664	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1665	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1666
166720170722:
1668	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1669	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1670	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1671
167220170701:
1673	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1674	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1675
167620170625:
1677	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1678	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1679	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1680	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1681	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1682	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1683	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1684
168520170623:
1686	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1687	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1688	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1689	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1690	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1691	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1692
169320170620:
1694	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1695	if you require the GPL compiler.
1696
169720170619:
1698	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1699	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1700	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1701	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1702	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1703	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1704
170520170618:
1706	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1707	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1708	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1709
171020170617:
1711	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1712	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1713	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1714	followed.
1715
171620170531:
1717	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1718	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1719	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1720	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1721	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1722	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1723
172420170524:
1725	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1726	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1727	which only require one chipset support.
1728
1729	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1730
1731	if_ath_load="YES"
1732
1733	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1734	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1735	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1736
1737	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1738	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1739
1740	* load ath_hal
1741	* load the chip modules in question
1742	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1743	* load ath_main
1744	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1745	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1746
1747	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1748
174920170523:
1750	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1751	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1752	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1753
1754	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1755	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1756	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1757
1758	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1759	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1760	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1761	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1762	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1763	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1764	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1765	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1766
176720170424:
1768	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1769	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1770	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1771
177220170420:
1773	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1774	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1775	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1776
177720170413:
1778	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1779	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1780	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1781	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1782	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1783	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1784	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1785
178620170407:
1787	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1788	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1789	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1790	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1791
179220170405:
1793	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1794	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1795	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1796
179720170331:
1798	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1799	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1800	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1801
180220170329:
1803	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1804	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1805
1806	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1807	via one of the following methods:
1808	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1809	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1810	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1811	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1812
1813	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1814
181520170316:
1816	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1817	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1818	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1819	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1820	with mmc.ko).
1821
182220170315:
1823	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1824	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1825	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1826	be prefixed with colon.
1827
182820170311:
1829	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1830	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1831	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1832
183320170302:
1834	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1835	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1836	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1837
183820170221:
1839	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1840	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1841	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1842	change.
1843
184420170216:
1845	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1846	valid.
1847
184820170215:
1849	MCA bus support has been removed.
1850
185120170127:
1852	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1853	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1854
185520170112:
1856	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1857	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1858
185920170109:
1860	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1861	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1862	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1863	configuration.
1864
186520161217:
1866	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1867	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1868	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1869
187020161124:
1871	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1872	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1873	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1874
187520161119:
1876	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1877	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1878	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1879
188020161030:
1881	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1882	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1883	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1884	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1885
188620161017:
1887	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1888	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1889	parts.
1890	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1891	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1892
189320161015:
1894	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1895	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1896	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1897	removed from base.
1898
189920161008:
1900	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1901	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1902	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1903
190420161003:
1905	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1906	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1907
190820160924:
1909	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1910	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1911	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1912	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1913
191420160918:
1915	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1916	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1917	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1918	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1919	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1920
192120160918:
1922	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1923
192420160908:
1925	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1926	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1927	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1928	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1929
193020160824:
1931	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1932	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1933	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1934	to 1200005.
1935
193620160818:
1937	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1938	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1939	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1940	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1941	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1942	0.
1943
194420160818:
1945	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1946	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1947
194820160708:
1949	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1950
1951After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1952from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1953entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1954UPDATING file.
1955
1956COMMON ITEMS:
1957
1958	General Notes
1959	-------------
1960	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1961	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1962	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1963	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1964	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1965	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1966	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1967	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1968
1969	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1970	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1971	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1972	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1973	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1974	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1975	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1976	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1977	an exception.
1978
1979	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1980	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1981	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1982	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1983	step.
1984
1985	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1986	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1987	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1988	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1989
1990	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1991	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1992	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1993	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1994	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1995	should write them with this in mind.
1996
1997	ZFS notes
1998	---------
1999	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
2000	always follow these three steps:
2001
2002	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2003	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2004
2005	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
2006	doing a zpool upgrade):
2007
2008	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
2009	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2010		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
2011	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
2012
2013	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
2014	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
2015	zpool upgrade.
2016
2017	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2018
2019	EFI notes
2020	---------
2021
2022	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
2023	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
2024	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
2025	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
2026	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
2027	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
2028	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
2029	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
2030
2031	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
2032	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
2033	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
2034	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
2035
2036	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
2037	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
2038	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
2039	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
2040
2041	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
2042
2043	To build a kernel
2044	-----------------
2045	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2046	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2047	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2048
2049	make kernel-toolchain
2050	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2051	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2052
2053	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
2054
2055	To test a kernel once
2056	---------------------
2057	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2058	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2059	debugging information) run
2060	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2061	nextboot -k testkernel
2062
2063	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2064	-----------------------------------------------------------
2065	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2066	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2067
2068	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2069	make buildworld
2070	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2071	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2072	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2073	etcupdate -p					[5]
2074	make installworld
2075	etcupdate -B					[4]
2076	make delete-old					[6]
2077	<reboot>
2078
2079	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2080	--------------------------------------------------
2081	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2082	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2083	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2084	# size.
2085
2086	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2087	<boot into -stable>
2088	make buildworld
2089	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2090	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2091	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2092	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2093	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2094	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2095	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2096	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2097	<reboot into current>
2098	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2099	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2100	<reboot>
2101
2102
2103	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2104	----------------------------------------------
2105	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2106	make buildworld					[9]
2107	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2108	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2109	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2110	etcupdate -p					[5]
2111	make installworld
2112	etcupdate -B					[4]
2113	make delete-old					[6]
2114	<reboot>
2115
2116	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2117	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2118	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2119	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2120	the UPDATING entries.
2121
2122	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2123	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2124	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2125	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2126	much fewer pitfalls.
2127
2128FOOTNOTES:
2129
2130	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2131	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2132	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2133	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2134	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2135	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2136	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2137	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2138	and effective, eg:
2139	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2140
2141	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2142		fsck -p
2143		mount -u /
2144		mount -a
2145		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2146		cd src			# full path to source
2147		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2148	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2149	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2150
2151	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2152	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2153	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2154	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2155	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2156	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2157
2158	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2159	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2160	step.
2161
2162	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2163	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2164	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2165
2166	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2167	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2168	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2169	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2170	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2171	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2172	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2173	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2174
2175	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2176	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2177	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2178	for these as well.
2179
2180	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2181	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2182	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2183
2184	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2185	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2186	warn if it is improperly defined.
2187FORMAT:
2188
2189This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2190breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2191list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2192If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2193to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2194
2195Copyright information:
2196
2197Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2198
2199Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2200modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2201document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2202
2203THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2204IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2205WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2206DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2207INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2208(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2209SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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