xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 74fe6c29fb7eef3418d7919dcd41dc1a04a982a1)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
34
35****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
36
37	Due to a bug in some versions of clang that's very hard to workaround in
38	the upgrade process, to upgrade to -current you must first upgrade
39	either stable/9 after r286035 or stable/10 after r286033 (including
40	10.3-RELEASE) or current after r286007 (including stable/11 and
41	11.0-RELEASE). These revisions post-date the 10.2 and 9.3 releases, so
42	you'll need to take the unusual step of upgrading to the tip of the
43	stable branch before moving to 11 or -current via a source upgrade.
44	stable/11 and 11.0-RELEASE have working newer compiler. This differs
45	from the historical situation where one could upgrade from anywhere on
46	the last couple of stable branches, so be careful.
47
48	If you're running a hybrid system on 9.x or 10.x with an updated clang
49	compiler or are using an supported external toolchain, the build system
50	will allow the upgrade. Otherwise it will print a reminder.
51
52****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
53
5420180319:
55	For UEFI systems: the UEFI loader(8), loader.efi, should be updated in
56	conjunction with installing a new kernel after r330868. The kernel,
57	after this revision, will be more lenient when mapping addresses for
58	UEFI Runtime Services and this may result in a kernel panic without the
59	corresponding loader(8) update.
60
6120180212:
62	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
63	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
64	Co-existance for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
65	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
66	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
67	provisions for backup boot methods.
68
6920180211:
70	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
71	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers to
72	be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and imp@freebsd.org.
73
7420180114:
75	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
76	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
77	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
78	or higher.
79
8020180110:
81	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
82	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
83	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
84
85	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
86        WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
87
8820180110:
89	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
90	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still
91	needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it
92	from kernel config files.
93
9420180104:
95	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
96	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
97	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
98
99	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
100	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
101
10220180102:
103	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
104	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
105	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
106	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
107
10820171215:
109	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
110	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
111
11220171214:
113	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
114	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
115	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
116	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
117
11820171125:
119	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
120	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
121	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
122	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
123	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
124	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
125
12620171110:
127	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
128	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
129	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
130
13120171106:
132	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
133	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
134	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
135	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
136	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
137
13820171102:
139	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
140	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
141	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
142	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
143	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
144	environment.
145
14620171101:
147	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
148	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
149	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
150	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
151	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
152	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
153	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
154	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
155	than hardcoding paths.
156
15720171028:
158	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
159	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
160	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
161
16220171021:
163	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
164	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
165	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
166	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
167
16820171010:
169	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
170	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
171
17220171005:
173	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
174	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
175	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
176	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
177
17820171003:
179	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
180	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
181	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
182	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
183	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
184
18520170912:
186	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
187	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
188	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
189	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
190	/etc/ctl.conf .
191
19220170912:
193	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
194	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
195	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
196	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
197	soft-float everything else should be affected.
198
19920170826:
200	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
201	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
202
20320170825:
204	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
205	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
206	to complete.
207
20820170814:
209	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
210	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
211	${TESTSDIR}.
212
213	Behavioral changes:
214	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
215	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
216	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
217	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
218
219	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
220	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
221	sandbox if successful.
222
223	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
224	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
225	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
226	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
227	an unprivileged user.
228
22920170808:
230	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
231	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
232	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
233	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
234	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
235	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
236	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
237	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
238	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
239	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
240	to which you should answer yes.
241
24220170728:
243	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
244	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
245	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
246	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
247	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
248
24920170722:
250	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
251	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
252	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
253
25420170701:
255	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
256	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
257
25820170625:
259	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
260	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
261	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
262	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
263	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
264	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
265	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
266
26720170623:
268	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
269	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
270	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
271	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
272	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
273	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
274
27520170620:
276	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
277	if you require the GPL compiler.
278
27920170618:
280	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
281	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
282	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
283
28420170617:
285	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
286	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
287	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
288	followed.
289
29020170531:
291	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
292	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
293	from ports (and recommends to install it).
294	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
295	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
296	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
297
29820170524:
299	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
300	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
301	which only require one chipset support.
302
303	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
304
305	if_ath_load="YES"
306
307	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
308	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
309	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
310
311	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
312	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
313
314	* load ath_hal
315	* load the chip modules in question
316	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
317	* load ath_main
318	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
319	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
320
321	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
322
32320170523:
324	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
325	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
326	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
327
328	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
329	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
330	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
331
332	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
333	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".   Then, carefully follow the
334	full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
335	everything and install it on the current system."  Specifically,
336	a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
337	installing world.
338
33920170424:
340	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
341	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
342	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
343
34420170420:
345	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
346	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
347	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
348
34920170413:
350	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
351	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
352	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
353	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
354	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
355	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
356	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
357
35820170407:
359	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
360	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
361	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
362	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
363
36420170405:
365	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
366	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
367	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
368
36920170331:
370	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
371	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
372	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
373
37420170329:
375	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
376	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
377
378	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
379	via one of the following methods:
380	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
381	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
382	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
383	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
384
385	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
386
38720170316:
388	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
389	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
390	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
391	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
392	with mmc.ko).
393
39420170315:
395	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
396	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
397	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
398	be prefixed with colon.
399
40020170311:
401	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
402	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
403	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
404
40520170302:
406	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
407	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
408	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
409
41020170221:
411	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
412	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
413	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
414	change.
415
41620170216:
417	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
418	valid.
419
42020170215:
421	MCA bus support has been removed.
422
42320170127:
424	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
425	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
426
42720170112:
428	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
429	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
430
43120170109:
432	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
433	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
434	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
435
43620161217:
437	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
438	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
439	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
440
44120161124:
442	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
443	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
444	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
445
44620161119:
447	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
448	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
449	that link against it need to be recompiled.
450
45120161030:
452	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
453	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
454	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
455	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
456
45720161017:
458	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
459	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
460	parts.
461	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
462	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
463
46420161015:
465	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
466	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
467	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
468	removed from base.
469
47020161008:
471	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
472	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
473	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
474
47520161003:
476	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
477	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
478
47920160924:
480	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
481	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
482	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
483	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
484
48520160918:
486	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
487	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
488	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
489	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
490	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
491
49220160918:
493	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
494
49520160908:
496	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
497	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
498	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
499	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
500
50120160824:
502	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
503	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
504	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
505	to 1200005.
506
50720160818:
508	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
509	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
510	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
511	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
512	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
513	0.
514
51520160818:
516	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
517	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
518
51920160622:
520	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
521	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
522	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
523	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
524	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
525	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
526	kernel.
527
52820160527:
529	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
530	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
531	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
532	previously contained a line like
533	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
534	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
535	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
536	generally be fine.
537
53820160523:
539	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
540	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
541	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
542	built with the old headers.
543
54420160520:
545	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
546	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
547	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
548	installing a new libc.
549
55020160517:
551	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
552	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
553	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
554	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
555	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
556	packages will be needed.
557
558	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
559	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
560	and the install steps.
561
56220160510:
563	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
564	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
565	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
566	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
567	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
568	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
569
57020160414:
571	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
572	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
573	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
574	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
575	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
576
577		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
578		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
579		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
580		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
581		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
582
583	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
584	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
585	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
586	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
587	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
588	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
589	vendors work.
590
591	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
592	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
593		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
594	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
595	quirks entry to 0x3.
596
59720160330:
598	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
599	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
600	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
601
60220160317:
603	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
604	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
605
60620160311:
607	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
608	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
609	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
610	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
611	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
612	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
613	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
614	stale .depend files.
615
61620160306:
617	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
618	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
619	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
620	rebooting, e.g.:
621
622	make buildworld
623	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
624	make -C sys/boot install
625	<reboot in single user>
626
627	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
628	below.
629
63020160305:
631	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
632	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
633	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
634
63520160301:
636	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
637	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
638	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
639	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
640	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
641	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
642
64320160226:
644	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
645	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
646	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
647	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
648	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
649
65020160129:
651	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
652	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
653	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
654	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
655	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
656
65720160119:
658	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
659	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
660
66120160113:
662	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
663	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
664	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
665
66620151216:
667	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
668	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
669	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
670	other loaders.
671
67220151211:
673	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
674	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
675	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
676	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
677	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
678	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
679
68020151207:
681	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
682	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
683	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
684	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
685	in src.conf(5).
686
68720151130:
688	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
689	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
690	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
691
69220151108:
693	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
694	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
695	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
696
697	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
698	collation results will be different.
699
700	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
701	locales before running make installworld.
702
703	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
704
70520151030:
706	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
707	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
708
70920151020:
710	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
711	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
712	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
713
71420151017:
715	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
716	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
717	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
718	and 'make -N' will not.
719
72020151012:
721	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
722	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
723	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
724	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
725	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
726	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
727	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
728	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
729
73020151011:
731	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
732	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
733	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
734	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
735
73620151006:
737	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
738	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
739	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
740
74120150924:
742	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
743	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
744	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
745	userland debug files.
746
747	When using the supported kernel installation method the
748	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
749	as is done with /boot/kernel.
750
751	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
752	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
753
75420150827:
755	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
756	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
757	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
758	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
759	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
760	rc.d scripts in /etc.
761
76220150827:
763	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
764	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
765	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
766
76720150817:
768	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
769	them, the kernel must have
770
771	device	random
772	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
773
774	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
775	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
776	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
777	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
778
779	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
780	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
781
78220150813:
783	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
784	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
785	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
786
78720150810:
788	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
789	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
790	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
791	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
792
793	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
794	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
795	difference with this change.
796
797	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
798	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
799	remove that workaround.
800
80120150809:
802	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
803	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
804	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
805	with:
806
807	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
808
80920150806:
810	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
811	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
812	loader.rc.local instead.
813
81420150805:
815	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
816	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
817	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
818
81920150728:
820	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
821	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
822	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
823
824	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
825	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
826
82720150706:
828	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
829	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
830	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
831	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
832	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
833	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
834	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
835	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
836	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
837	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
838	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
839	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
840
84120150630:
842	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
843	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
844
845	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
846	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
847	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
848
849	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
850	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
851
852	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
853	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
854	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
855
856	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
857	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
858	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
859	and it is assumed you know what you need.
860
861	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
862	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
863	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
864	behaviour from your security subsystems.
865
866	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
867	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
868	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
869	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
870	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
871	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
872	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
873	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
874	will never happen.
875
87620150623:
877	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
878	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
879
88020150616:
881	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
882	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
883
88420150615:
885	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
886	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
887	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
888	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
889	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
890
89120150614:
892	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
893	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
894	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
895	with Kyuafile and kyua.
896
89720150614:
898	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
899	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
900	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
901	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
902	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
903	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
904	2048 bit DH parameter by:
905
906	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
907	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
908	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
909	   replace it with '2'.
910	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
911	   a file path, create a new file with:
912		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
913	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
914		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
915	5. Restart sendmail:
916		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
917
918	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
919	updated.
920
92120150604:
922	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
923	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
924	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
925	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
926	5.x.
927
928	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
929
93020150525:
931	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
932	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
933	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
934
93520150521:
936	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
937	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
938	and Pandaboard:
939
940	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
941	  same but content is different now
942	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
943	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
944	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
945	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
946	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
947
94820150501:
949	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
950	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
951	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
952
95320150423:
954	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
955	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
956
95720150415:
958	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
959	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
960
96120150416:
962	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
963	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
964	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
965
96620150324:
967	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
968	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
969	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
970	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
971
97220150315:
973	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
974	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
975	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
976
97720150307:
978	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
979	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
980	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
981	kernel before rebooting.
982
98320150217:
984	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
985	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
986	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
987	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
988	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
989	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
990
99120150210:
992	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
993	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
994	with the new kernel.
995
99620150131:
997	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
998	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
999	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1000
100120150118:
1002	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1003	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1004	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1005	are not already using 3.5.0.
1006
100720150107:
1008	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1009	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1010	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1011	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1012	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1013
101420150105:
1015	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1016	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1017	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1018	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1019
102020150102:
1021	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1022	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1023
102420141231:
1025	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1026
1027	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1028	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1029	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1030	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1031	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1032	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1033	later.
1034
1035	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1036	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1037	of the box.
1038
1039	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1040	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1041	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1042	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1043
1044	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1045	the instructions for 9.x above.
1046
1047	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1048	default, and do not build clang.
1049
1050	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1051	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1052	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1053
1054	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1055	the following are most likely to appear:
1056
1057	-Wabsolute-value
1058
1059	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1060	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1061	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1062	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1063	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1064	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1065	  cast, or disable the warning.
1066
1067	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1068	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1069	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1070	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1071	  side-effects.
1072
1073	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1074	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1075
1076	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1077	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1078	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1079	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1080
1081	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1082	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1083	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1084	unreachable could be optimized away.
1085
108620141222:
1087	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1088	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1089	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1090	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1091	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1092	the utilities will report errors.
1093
109420141121:
1095	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1096	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1097	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1098	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1099	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1100	LOCAL_DIRS.
1101
110220141109:
1103	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1104	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1105
110620141104:
1107	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1108	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1109	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1110	drivers.
1111
1112	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1113	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1114	indicate what you need to do.
1115
1116	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1117	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1118	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1119
1120	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1121	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1122	  kern.vty=sc
1123
112420141102:
1125	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1126	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1127	execute it.
1128
112920141009:
1130	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1131	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1132	devel/gperf port.
1133
113420140923:
1135	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1136	contrib/pjdfstest .
1137
113820140922:
1139	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1140	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1141	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1142	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1143	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1144	their next update cycle.
1145
114620140729:
1147	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1148	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1149	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1150	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1151	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1152
115320140723:
1154	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1155	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1156
115720140719:
1158	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1159	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1160	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1161	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1162	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1163	new configuration.
1164
116520140709:
1166	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1167	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1168	them again.
1169	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1170
117120140708:
1172	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1173	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1174	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1175	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1176	requires readline.
1177
117820140702:
1179	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1180	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1181	architecture.
1182
118320140701:
1184	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1185	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1186	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1187	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1188	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1189
119020140629:
1191	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1192	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1193	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1194
119520140619:
1196	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1197	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1198	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1199
120020140606:
1201	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1202	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1203	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1204	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1205	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1206	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1207	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1208	"make installworld".
1209
1210	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1211	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1212	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1213	is run.
1214
1215	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1216	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1217	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1218	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1219	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1220
122120140512:
1222	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1223
122420140508:
1225	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1226	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1227	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1228
122920140505:
1230	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1231	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1232	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1233	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1234	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1235	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1236	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1237	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1238	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1239	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1240	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1241	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1242
1243	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1244	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1245	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1246	as well.
1247
124820140430:
1249	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1250	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1251
125220140424:
1253	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1254	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1255	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1256	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1257	build hosts for older releases.
1258
1259	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1260	r276991, respectively.
1261
126220140418:
1263	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1264	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1265	will silently lack HESIOD.
1266
126720140405:
1268	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1269	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1270	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1271	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1272	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1273	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1274	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1275	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1276	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1277	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1278	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1279	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1280
128120140306:
1282	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1283	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1284	with command line option -W.
1285
128620140226:
1287	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1288	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1289	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1290	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1291	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1292
129320140216:
1294	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1295
129620140216:
1297	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1298	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1299
130020140212:
1301	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1302	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1303	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1304	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1305	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1306
130720140204:
1308	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1309	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1310	kernel is still highly recommended.
1311
131220140131:
1313	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1314	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1315	capability mode support in kernel.
1316
131720140128:
1318	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1319	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1320	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1321	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1322	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1323
132420140110:
1325	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1326	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1327	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1328	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1329	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1330	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1331
133220131213:
1333	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1334	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1335	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1336	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1337	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1338	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1339	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1340	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1341	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1342
134320131108:
1344	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1345	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1346	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1347	should change your settings to use the latter.
1348
134920131025:
1350	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1351	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1352	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1353	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1354	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1355
135620131014:
1357	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1358	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1359	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1360	delete-old-libs":
1361	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1362	  or
1363	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1364
136520131010:
1366	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1367	revision r256279.
1368
136920131010:
1370	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
1371	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
1372	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
1373	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
1374	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
1375	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
1376
1377	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
1378	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
1379	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
1380	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
1381	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
1382	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
1383
1384	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
1385	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
1386	with an integer.
1387
138820130930:
1389	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
1390	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
1391	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
1392	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
1393
1394	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
1395	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
1396	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
1397	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
1398
139920130916:
1400	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
1401	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1402	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1403
140420130911:
1405	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
1406	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
1407	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
1408	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
1409
141020130906:
1411	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
1412	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
1413	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
1414	options in src.conf.
1415
141620130905:
1417	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
1418	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
1419	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
1420	'options PROCDESC'.
1421
142220130905:
1423	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
1424	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
1425	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
1426	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
1427	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
1428	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
1429
143020130903:
1431	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
1432	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
1433	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
1434
143520130821:
1436	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
1437	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
1438	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
1439
144020130813:
1441	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
1442	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
1443	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
1444	compatibility.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
1445	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
1446	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
1447
144820130806:
1449	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
1450	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
1451	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
1452	explicitly.
1453	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
1454	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
1455	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
1456	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
1457	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
1458
145920130806:
1460	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
1461	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
1462	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
1463	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
1464	to r253970 or later.
1465
146620130802:
1467	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
1468	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
1469	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
1470	would result:
1471
1472	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
1473
1474	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
1475	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
1476	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
1477	old as well as the new version of find.
1478
147920130726:
1480	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
1481	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
1482	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
1483	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
1484	subdirectories must be reviewed.
1485
148620130716:
1487	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
1488	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
1489	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1490
1491	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
1492
1493	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
1494	users are advised to upgrade.
1495
149620130709:
1497	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
1498	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
1499
150020130709:
1501	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
1502	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
1503	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
1504
150520130618:
1506	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
1507	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
1508	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
1509	write access to that file.
1510
151120130615:
1512	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
1513	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
1514
151520130613:
1516	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
1517
1518		make: illegal option -- J
1519		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
1520			...
1521		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
1522
1523	this likely due to an old instance of make in
1524	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
1525	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
1526	you see the above error:
1527
1528		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
1529
1530	should resolve it.
1531
153220130516:
1533	Use bmake by default.
1534	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
1535	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
1536	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
1537
1538	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
1539	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
1540	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
1541	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
1542	behavior in parallel build.
1543
154420130429:
1545	Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
1546
154720130426:
1548	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
1549	the IDEA patent expired.
1550
155120130426:
1552	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
1553	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
1554	enabled by default.
1555
155620130425:
1557	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1558	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
1559	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
1560	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
1561	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
1562	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
1563	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
1564	&& make install).
1565
156620130404:
1567	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
1568	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
1569	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
1570	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
1571	and removed.
1572
157320130319:
1574	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
1575	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
1576	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
1577	binaries will not work on older kernels.
1578
157920130308:
1580	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
1581	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
1582
158320130304:
1584	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
1585	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
1586	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
1587	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
1588	is requested.
1589
1590	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
1591	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
1592	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
1593	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
1594	in /boot/loader.conf.
1595
159620130301:
1597	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
1598	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
1599	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
1600	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
1601	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
1602
160320130208:
1604	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
1605	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
1606
1607	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1608	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1609
161020130129:
1611	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
1612	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
1613	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
1614	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
1615	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
1616
161720130121:
1618	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
1619	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
1620	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
1621	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
1622	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
1623	/etc/src.conf.
1624
162520130118:
1626	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
1627	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
1628	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
1629	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
1630	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
1631	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
1632	use is expected to be extremely rare.
1633
163420121223:
1635	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
1636	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
1637	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
1638
163920121222:
1640	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
1641	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
1642	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
1643	be updated.
1644
164520121217:
1646	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
1647	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
1648	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
1649
1650		savecore_flags=""
1651
165220121201:
1653	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
1654	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1655	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1656
165720121117:
1658	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
1659	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
1660	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
1661	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1662	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
1663	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
1664
166520121105:
1666	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
1667	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
1668	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
1669	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
1670	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
1671	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
1672	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
1673	branch point).
1674
167520121102:
1676	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
1677	functionality now turned on by default.
1678
167920121023:
1680	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
1681	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
1682	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
1683	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
1684	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
1685	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
1686	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
1687	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
1688	of the two kernel options.
1689
169020121023:
1691	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
1692	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
1693	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
1694	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
1695
169620121022:
1697	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
1698	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
1699	recompiled.
1700
170120121018:
1702	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
1703	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
1704	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
1705
170620121016:
1707	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
1708	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
1709	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
1710	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
1711	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
1712
171320121015:
1714	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
1715	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
1716	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
1717	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
1718
171920121014:
1720	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
1721
172220121013:
1723	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
1724	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
1725	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
1726	knob has also gone.
1727
172820121006:
1729	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
1730	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
1731	with new kernel.
1732
173320121001:
1734	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
1735	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
1736	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
1737
173820120913:
1739	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
1740	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
1741	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
1742	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
1743	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
1744	configurations.
1745
174620120908:
1747	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
1748	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
1749
175020120828:
1751	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
1752	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
1753	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
1754	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
1755	manual page.
1756
175720120727:
1758	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
1759	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
1760	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
1761
176220120712:
1763	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
1764	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
1765	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
1766
176720120712:
1768	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
1769	with other variables:
1770	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
1771	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
1772
177320120628:
1774	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
1775	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
1776	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
1777	installed as "bsdsort".
1778
177920120611:
1780	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1781	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1782	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1783	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1784	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1785	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1786	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1787	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1788	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1789
179020120417:
1791	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1792	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
1793	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1794	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1795	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
1796	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1797	NAMESPACE section).
1798
179920120328:
1800	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
1801	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
1802	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1803	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
1804	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1805	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1806	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1807
180820120306:
1809	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1810	platforms.
1811
181220120229:
1813	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
1814	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1815	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1816	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1817	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1818	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1819
182020120211:
1821	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1822	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1823	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
1824	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1825	comes from 20111215.
1826
182720120114:
1828	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
1829	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1830	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1831	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1832
1833	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1834	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1835
183620120109:
1837	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1838	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1839	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1840	tunable/sysctl.
1841	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1842
184320111215:
1844	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1845	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1846	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1847	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1848	not supported anymore.
1849
1850	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1851	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1852	need to be recompiled.
1853
185420111122:
1855	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1856	/dev/wmistat0.
1857
185820111108:
1859	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1860	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1861	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1862	time.
1863
186420111101:
1865	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1866	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1867
186820110930:
1869	sysinstall has been removed
1870
187120110923:
1872	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1873	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1874
1875COMMON ITEMS:
1876
1877	General Notes
1878	-------------
1879	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1880	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1881	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1882	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1883	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1884	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1885	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1886
1887	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1888	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1889	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1890	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1891	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1892
1893	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1894	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1895	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1896	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1897	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1898	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1899	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1900	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1901	an exception.
1902
1903	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1904	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1905	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1906	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1907
1908	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1909	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1910	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1911	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1912	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1913	should write them with this in mind.
1914
1915	ZFS notes
1916	---------
1917	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1918	these two steps:
1919
1920	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1921	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1922
1923	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1924
1925	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1926	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1927	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1928
1929	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1930
1931	To build a kernel
1932	-----------------
1933	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1934	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1935	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1936
1937	make kernel-toolchain
1938	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1939	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1940
1941	To test a kernel once
1942	---------------------
1943	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1944	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1945	debugging information) run
1946	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1947	nextboot -k testkernel
1948
1949	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1950	-----------------------------------------------------------
1951	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1952	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1953
1954	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1955	make buildworld
1956	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1957	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1958							[1]
1959	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1960	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1961	make installworld
1962	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1963	make delete-old					[6]
1964	<reboot>
1965
1966	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1967	--------------------------------------------------
1968	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1969	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1970	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1971	# size.
1972
1973	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1974	<boot into -stable>
1975	make buildworld
1976	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1977	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1978	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1979	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1980	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1981	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1982	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1983	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1984	<reboot into current>
1985	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1986	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1987	<reboot>
1988
1989
1990	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1991	----------------------------------------------
1992	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1993	make buildworld					[9]
1994	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1995							[1]
1996	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1997	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1998	make installworld
1999	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2000	make delete-old					[6]
2001	<reboot>
2002
2003	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2004	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2005	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2006	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2007	the UPDATING entries.
2008
2009	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2010	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2011	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2012	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2013	much fewer pitfalls.
2014
2015	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2016	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2017	system on reboot.
2018
2019	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2020		fsck -p
2021		mount -u /
2022		mount -a
2023		cd src
2024		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2025	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2026	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2027
2028	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2029	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2030	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2031	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2032	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2033	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2034	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2035
2036	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2037	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2038	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2039	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2040	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2041	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2042
2043	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2044	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2045	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2046
2047	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2048	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2049	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2050	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2051	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
2052	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2053
2054	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2055	last time you updated your kernel config file.
2056
2057	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2058	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2059	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2060
2061	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2062	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2063	warn if it is improperly defined.
2064FORMAT:
2065
2066This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2067breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2068list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2069If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2070to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2071
2072Copyright information:
2073
2074Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
2075
2076Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2077modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2078document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2079
2080THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2081IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2082WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2083DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2084INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2085(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2086SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2087HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2088STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2089IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2090POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2091
2092Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2093this document.
2094
2095$FreeBSD$
2096