xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 70a8349311934f20fcb65e763b8ac80134446796)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
34
35****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
36
37	Due to a bug in some versions of clang that's very hard to workaround in
38	the upgrade process, to upgrade to -current you must first upgrade
39	either stable/9 after r286035 or stable/10 after r286033 (including
40	10.3-RELEASE) or current after r286007 (including stable/11 and
41	11.0-RELEASE). These revisions post-date the 10.2 and 9.3 releases, so
42	you'll need to take the unusual step of upgrading to the tip of the
43	stable branch before moving to 11 or -current via a source upgrade.
44	stable/11 and 11.0-RELEASE have working newer compiler. This differs
45	from the historical situation where one could upgrade from anywhere on
46	the last couple of stable branches, so be careful.
47
48	If you're running a hybrid system on 9.x or 10.x with an updated clang
49	compiler or are using an supported external toolchain, the build system
50	will allow the upgrade. Otherwise it will print a reminder.
51
52****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
53
5420171102:
55	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
56	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
57	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necesarry.
58	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
59	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
60	environment.
61
6220171101:
63	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
64	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
65	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
66	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
67	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
68	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
69	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
70	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
71	than hardcoding paths.
72
7320171028:
74	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
75	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
76	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
77
7820171021:
79	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
80	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
81	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
82	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
83
8420171010:
85	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
86	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
87
8820171005:
89	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
90	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
91	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
92	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
93
9420171003:
95	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
96	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
97	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
98	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
99	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
100
10120170912:
102	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
103	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
104	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
105	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
106	/etc/ctl.conf .
107
10820170912:
109	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
110	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
111	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
112	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
113	soft-float everything else should be affected.
114
11520170826:
116	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
117	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
118
11920170825:
120	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
121	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
122	to complete.
123
12420170814:
125	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
126	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
127	${TESTSDIR}.
128
129	Behavioral changes:
130	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
131	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
132	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
133	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
134
135	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
136	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
137	sandbox if successful.
138
139	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
140	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
141	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
142	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
143	an unprivileged user.
144
14520170808:
146	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
147	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
148	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
149	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
150	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
151	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
152	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
153	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
154	forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
155	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
156	to which you should answer yes.
157
15820170728:
159	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
160	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
161	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
162	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
163	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
164
16520170722:
166	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
167	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
168	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
169
17020170701:
171	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
172	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
173
17420170625:
175	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
176	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
177	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
178	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
179	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
180	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
181	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
182
18320170623:
184	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
185	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
186	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
187	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
188	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
189	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
190
19120170620:
192	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
193	if you require the GPL compiler.
194
19520170618:
196	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
197	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
198	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
199
20020170617:
201	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
202	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
203	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
204	followed.
205
20620170531:
207	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
208	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
209	from ports (and recommends to install it).
210	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
211	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
212	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
213
21420170524:
215	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
216	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
217	which only require one chipset support.
218
219	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
220
221	if_ath_load="YES"
222
223	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
224	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
225	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
226
227	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
228	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
229
230	* load ath_hal
231	* load the chip modules in question
232	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
233	* load ath_main
234	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
235	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
236
237	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
238
23920170523:
240	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
241	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
242	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
243
244	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
245	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
246	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
247
248	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
249	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".   Then, carefully follow the
250	full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
251	everything and install it on the current system."  Specifically,
252	a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
253	installing world.
254
25520170424:
256	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
257	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
258	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
259
26020170420:
261	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
262	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
263	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
264
26520170413:
266	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
267	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
268	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
269	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
270	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
271	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
272	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
273
27420170407:
275	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
276	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
277	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
278	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
279
28020170405:
281	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
282	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
283	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
284
28520170331:
286	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
287	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
288	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
289
29020170329:
291	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
292	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
293
294	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
295	via one of the following methods:
296	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
297	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
298	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
299	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
300
301	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
302
30320170316:
304	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
305	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
306	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
307	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
308	with mmc.ko).
309
31020170315:
311	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
312	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
313	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
314	be prefixed with colon.
315
31620170311:
317	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
318	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
319	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
320
32120170302:
322	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
323	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
324	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
325
32620170221:
327	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
328	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
329	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
330	change.
331
33220170216:
333	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
334	valid.
335
33620170215:
337	MCA bus support has been removed.
338
33920170127:
340	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
341	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
342
34320170112:
344	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
345	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
346
34720170109:
348	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
349	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
350	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
351
35220161217:
353	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
354	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
355	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
356
35720161124:
358	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
359	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
360	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
361
36220161119:
363	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
364	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
365	that link against it need to be recompiled.
366
36720161030:
368	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
369	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
370	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
371	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
372
37320161017:
374	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
375	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
376	parts.
377	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
378	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
379
38020161015:
381	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
382	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
383	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
384	removed from base.
385
38620161008:
387	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
388	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
389	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
390
39120161003:
392	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
393	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
394
39520160924:
396	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
397	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
398	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
399	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
400
40120160918:
402	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
403	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
404	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
405	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
406	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
407
40820160918:
409	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
410
41120160908:
412	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
413	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
414	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
415	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
416
41720160824:
418	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
419	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
420	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
421	to 1200005.
422
42320160818:
424	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
425	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
426	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
427	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
428	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
429	0.
430
43120160818:
432	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
433	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
434
43520160622:
436	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
437	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
438	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
439	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
440	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
441	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
442	kernel.
443
44420160527:
445	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
446	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
447	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
448	previously contained a line like
449	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
450	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
451	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
452	generally be fine.
453
45420160523:
455	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
456	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
457	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
458	built with the old headers.
459
46020160520:
461	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
462	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
463	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
464	installing a new libc.
465
46620160517:
467	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
468	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
469	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
470	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
471	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
472	packages will be needed.
473
474	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
475	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
476	and the install steps.
477
47820160510:
479	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
480	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
481	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
482	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
483	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
484	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
485
48620160414:
487	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
488	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
489	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
490	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
491	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
492
493		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
494		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
495		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
496		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
497		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
498
499	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
500	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
501	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
502	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
503	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
504	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
505	vendors work.
506
507	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
508	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
509		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
510	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
511	quirks entry to 0x3.
512
51320160330:
514	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
515	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
516	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
517
51820160317:
519	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
520	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
521
52220160311:
523	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
524	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
525	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
526	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
527	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
528	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
529	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
530	stale .depend files.
531
53220160306:
533	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
534	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
535	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
536	rebooting, e.g.:
537
538	make buildworld
539	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
540	make -C sys/boot install
541	<reboot in single user>
542
543	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
544	below.
545
54620160305:
547	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
548	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
549	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
550
55120160301:
552	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
553	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
554	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
555	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
556	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
557	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
558
55920160226:
560	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
561	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
562	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
563	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
564	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
565
56620160129:
567	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
568	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
569	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
570	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
571	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
572
57320160119:
574	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
575	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
576
57720160113:
578	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
579	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
580	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
581
58220151216:
583	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
584	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
585	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
586	other loaders.
587
58820151211:
589	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
590	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
591	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
592	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
593	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
594	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
595
59620151207:
597	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
598	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
599	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
600	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
601	in src.conf(5).
602
60320151130:
604	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
605	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
606	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
607
60820151108:
609	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
610	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
611	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
612
613	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
614	collation results will be different.
615
616	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
617	locales before running make installworld.
618
619	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
620
62120151030:
622	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
623	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
624
62520151020:
626	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
627	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
628	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
629
63020151017:
631	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
632	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
633	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
634	and 'make -N' will not.
635
63620151012:
637	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
638	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
639	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
640	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
641	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
642	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
643	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
644	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
645
64620151011:
647	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
648	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
649	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
650	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
651
65220151006:
653	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
654	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
655	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
656
65720150924:
658	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
659	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
660	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
661	userland debug files.
662
663	When using the supported kernel installation method the
664	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
665	as is done with /boot/kernel.
666
667	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
668	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
669
67020150827:
671	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
672	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
673	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
674	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
675	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
676	rc.d scripts in /etc.
677
67820150827:
679	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
680	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
681	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
682
68320150817:
684	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
685	them, the kernel must have
686
687	device	random
688	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
689
690	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
691	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
692	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
693	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
694
695	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
696	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
697
69820150813:
699	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
700	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
701	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
702
70320150810:
704	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
705	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
706	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
707	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
708
709	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
710	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
711	difference with this change.
712
713	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
714	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
715	remove that workaround.
716
71720150809:
718	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
719	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
720	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
721	with:
722
723	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
724
72520150806:
726	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
727	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
728	loader.rc.local instead.
729
73020150805:
731	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
732	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
733	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
734
73520150728:
736	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
737	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
738	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
739
740	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
741	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
742
74320150706:
744	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
745	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
746	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
747	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
748	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
749	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
750	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
751	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
752	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
753	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
754	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
755	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
756
75720150630:
758	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
759	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
760
761	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
762	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
763	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
764
765	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
766	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
767
768	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
769	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
770	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
771
772	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
773	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
774	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
775	and it is assumed you know what you need.
776
777	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
778	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
779	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
780	behaviour from your security subsystems.
781
782	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
783	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
784	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
785	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
786	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
787	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
788	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
789	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
790	will never happen.
791
79220150623:
793	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
794	entry below has been been committed in revision 284717.
795
79620150616:
797	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
798	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
799
80020150615:
801	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
802	below has been been committed in revision 284436.  The work
803	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
804	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
805	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
806
80720150614:
808	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
809	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
810	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
811	with Kyuafile and kyua.
812
81320150614:
814	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
815	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
816	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
817	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
818	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
819	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
820	2048 bit DH parameter by:
821
822	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
823	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
824	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
825	   replace it with '2'.
826	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
827	   a file path, create a new file with:
828		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
829	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
830		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
831	5. Restart sendmail:
832		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
833
834	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
835	updated.
836
83720150604:
838	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
839	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
840	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
841	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
842	5.x.
843
844	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
845
84620150525:
847	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
848	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
849	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
850
85120150521:
852	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
853	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
854	and Pandaboard:
855
856	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
857	  same but content is different now
858	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
859	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
860	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
861	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
862	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
863
86420150501:
865	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
866	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
867	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
868
86920150423:
870	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
871	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
872
87320150415:
874	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
875	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
876
87720150416:
878	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
879	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
880	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
881
88220150324:
883	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
884	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
885	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
886	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
887
88820150315:
889	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
890	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
891	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
892
89320150307:
894	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
895	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
896	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
897	kernel before rebooting.
898
89920150217:
900	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
901	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
902	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
903	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
904	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
905	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
906
90720150210:
908	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
909	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
910	with the new kernel.
911
91220150131:
913	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
914	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
915	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
916
91720150118:
918	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
919	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
920	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
921	are not already using 3.5.0.
922
92320150107:
924	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
925	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
926	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
927	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
928	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
929
93020150105:
931	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
932	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
933	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
934	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
935
93620150102:
937	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
938	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
939
94020141231:
941	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
942
943	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
944	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
945	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
946	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
947	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
948	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
949	later.
950
951	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
952	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
953	of the box.
954
955	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
956	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
957	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
958	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
959
960	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
961	the instructions for 9.x above.
962
963	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
964	default, and do not build clang.
965
966	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
967	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
968	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
969
970	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
971	the following are most likely to appear:
972
973	-Wabsolute-value
974
975	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
976	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
977	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
978	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
979	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
980	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
981	  cast, or disable the warning.
982
983	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
984	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
985	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
986	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
987	  side-effects.
988
989	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
990	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
991
992	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
993	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
994	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
995	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
996
997	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
998	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
999	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1000	unreachable could be optimized away.
1001
100220141222:
1003	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1004	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1005	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1006	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1007	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1008	the utilities will report errors.
1009
101020141121:
1011	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1012	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1013	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1014	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1015	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1016	LOCAL_DIRS.
1017
101820141109:
1019	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1020	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1021
102220141104:
1023	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1024	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1025	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1026	drivers.
1027
1028	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1029	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1030	indicate what you need to do.
1031
1032	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1033	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1034	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1035
1036	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1037	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1038	  kern.vty=sc
1039
104020141102:
1041	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1042	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1043	execute it.
1044
104520141009:
1046	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1047	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1048	devel/gperf port.
1049
105020140923:
1051	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1052	contrib/pjdfstest .
1053
105420140922:
1055	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1056	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1057	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1058	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1059	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1060	their next update cycle.
1061
106220140729:
1063	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1064	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1065	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1066	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1067	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1068
106920140723:
1070	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1071	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1072
107320140719:
1074	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1075	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1076	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1077	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1078	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1079	new configuration.
1080
108120140709:
1082	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1083	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1084	them again.
1085	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1086
108720140708:
1088	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1089	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1090	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1091	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1092	requires readline.
1093
109420140702:
1095	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1096	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1097	architecture.
1098
109920140701:
1100	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1101	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1102	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1103	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1104	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1105
110620140629:
1107	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1108	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1109	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1110
111120140619:
1112	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1113	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1114	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1115
111620140606:
1117	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1118	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1119	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1120	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1121	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1122	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1123	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1124	"make installworld".
1125
1126	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1127	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1128	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1129	is run.
1130
1131	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1132	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1133	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1134	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1135	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1136
113720140512:
1138	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1139
114020140508:
1141	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1142	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1143	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1144
114520140505:
1146	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1147	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1148	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1149	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1150	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1151	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1152	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1153	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1154	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1155	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1156	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1157	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1158
1159	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1160	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1161	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1162	as well.
1163
116420140430:
1165	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1166	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1167
116820140424:
1169	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1170	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1171	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1172	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1173	build hosts for older releases.
1174
1175	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1176	r276991, respectively.
1177
117820140418:
1179	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1180	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1181	will silently lack HESIOD.
1182
118320140405:
1184	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1185	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1186	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1187	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1188	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1189	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1190	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1191	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1192	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1193	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1194	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1195	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1196
119720140306:
1198	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1199	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1200	with command line option -W.
1201
120220140226:
1203	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1204	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1205	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1206	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1207	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1208
120920140216:
1210	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1211
121220140216:
1213	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1214	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1215
121620140212:
1217	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1218	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1219	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1220	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1221	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1222
122320140204:
1224	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1225	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1226	kernel is still highly recommended.
1227
122820140131:
1229	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1230	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1231	capability mode support in kernel.
1232
123320140128:
1234	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1235	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1236	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1237	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1238	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1239
124020140110:
1241	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1242	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1243	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1244	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1245	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1246	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1247
124820131213:
1249	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1250	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1251	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1252	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1253	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1254	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1255	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1256	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1257	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1258
125920131108:
1260	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1261	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1262	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1263	should change your settings to use the latter.
1264
126520131025:
1266	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1267	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1268	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1269	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1270	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1271
127220131014:
1273	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1274	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1275	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1276	delete-old-libs":
1277	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1278	  or
1279	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1280
128120131010:
1282	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1283	revision r256279.
1284
128520131010:
1286	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
1287	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
1288	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
1289	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
1290	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
1291	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
1292
1293	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
1294	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
1295	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
1296	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
1297	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
1298	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
1299
1300	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
1301	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
1302	with an integer.
1303
130420130930:
1305	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
1306	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
1307	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
1308	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
1309
1310	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
1311	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
1312	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
1313	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
1314
131520130916:
1316	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
1317	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1318	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1319
132020130911:
1321	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
1322	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
1323	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
1324	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
1325
132620130906:
1327	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
1328	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
1329	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
1330	options in src.conf.
1331
133220130905:
1333	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
1334	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
1335	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
1336	'options PROCDESC'.
1337
133820130905:
1339	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
1340	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
1341	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
1342	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
1343	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
1344	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
1345
134620130903:
1347	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
1348	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
1349	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
1350
135120130821:
1352	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
1353	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
1354	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
1355
135620130813:
1357	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
1358	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
1359	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
1360	compatibility.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
1361	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
1362	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
1363
136420130806:
1365	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
1366	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
1367	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
1368	explicitly.
1369	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
1370	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
1371	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
1372	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
1373	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
1374
137520130806:
1376	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
1377	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
1378	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
1379	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
1380	to r253970 or later.
1381
138220130802:
1383	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
1384	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
1385	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
1386	would result:
1387
1388	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
1389
1390	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
1391	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
1392	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
1393	old as well as the new version of find.
1394
139520130726:
1396	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
1397	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
1398	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
1399	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
1400	subdirectories must be reviewed.
1401
140220130716:
1403	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
1404	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
1405	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1406
1407	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
1408
1409	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
1410	users are advised to upgrade.
1411
141220130709:
1413	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
1414	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
1415
141620130709:
1417	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
1418	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
1419	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
1420
142120130618:
1422	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
1423	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
1424	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
1425	write access to that file.
1426
142720130615:
1428	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
1429	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
1430
143120130613:
1432	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
1433
1434		make: illegal option -- J
1435		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
1436			...
1437		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
1438
1439	this likely due to an old instance of make in
1440	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
1441	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
1442	you see the above error:
1443
1444		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
1445
1446	should resolve it.
1447
144820130516:
1449	Use bmake by default.
1450	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
1451	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
1452	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
1453
1454	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
1455	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
1456	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
1457	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
1458	behavior in parallel build.
1459
146020130429:
1461	Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
1462
146320130426:
1464	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
1465	the IDEA patent expired.
1466
146720130426:
1468	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
1469	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
1470	enabled by default.
1471
147220130425:
1473	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1474	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
1475	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
1476	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
1477	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
1478	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
1479	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
1480	&& make install).
1481
148220130404:
1483	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
1484	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
1485	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
1486	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
1487	and removed.
1488
148920130319:
1490	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
1491	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
1492	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
1493	binaries will not work on older kernels.
1494
149520130308:
1496	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
1497	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
1498
149920130304:
1500	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
1501	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
1502	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
1503	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
1504	is requested.
1505
1506	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
1507	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
1508	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
1509	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
1510	in /boot/loader.conf.
1511
151220130301:
1513	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
1514	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
1515	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
1516	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
1517	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
1518
151920130208:
1520	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
1521	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
1522
1523	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1524	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1525
152620130129:
1527	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
1528	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
1529	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
1530	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
1531	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
1532
153320130121:
1534	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
1535	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
1536	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
1537	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
1538	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
1539	/etc/src.conf.
1540
154120130118:
1542	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
1543	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
1544	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
1545	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
1546	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
1547	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
1548	use is expected to be extremely rare.
1549
155020121223:
1551	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
1552	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
1553	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
1554
155520121222:
1556	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
1557	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
1558	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
1559	be updated.
1560
156120121217:
1562	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
1563	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
1564	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
1565
1566		savecore_flags=""
1567
156820121201:
1569	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
1570	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1571	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1572
157320121117:
1574	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
1575	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
1576	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
1577	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1578	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
1579	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
1580
158120121105:
1582	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
1583	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
1584	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
1585	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
1586	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
1587	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
1588	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
1589	branch point).
1590
159120121102:
1592	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
1593	functionality now turned on by default.
1594
159520121023:
1596	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
1597	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
1598	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
1599	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
1600	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
1601	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
1602	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
1603	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
1604	of the two kernel options.
1605
160620121023:
1607	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
1608	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
1609	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
1610	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
1611
161220121022:
1613	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
1614	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
1615	recompiled.
1616
161720121018:
1618	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
1619	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
1620	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
1621
162220121016:
1623	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
1624	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
1625	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
1626	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
1627	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
1628
162920121015:
1630	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
1631	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
1632	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
1633	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
1634
163520121014:
1636	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
1637
163820121013:
1639	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
1640	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
1641	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
1642	knob has also gone.
1643
164420121006:
1645	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
1646	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
1647	with new kernel.
1648
164920121001:
1650	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
1651	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
1652	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
1653
165420120913:
1655	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
1656	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
1657	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
1658	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
1659	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
1660	configurations.
1661
166220120908:
1663	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
1664	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
1665
166620120828:
1667	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
1668	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
1669	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
1670	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
1671	manual page.
1672
167320120727:
1674	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
1675	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
1676	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
1677
167820120712:
1679	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
1680	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
1681	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
1682
168320120712:
1684	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
1685	with other variables:
1686	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
1687	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
1688
168920120628:
1690	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
1691	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
1692	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
1693	installed as "bsdsort".
1694
169520120611:
1696	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1697	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1698	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1699	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1700	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1701	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1702	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1703	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1704	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1705
170620120417:
1707	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1708	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
1709	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1710	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1711	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
1712	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1713	NAMESPACE section).
1714
171520120328:
1716	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
1717	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
1718	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1719	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
1720	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1721	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1722	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1723
172420120306:
1725	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1726	platforms.
1727
172820120229:
1729	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
1730	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1731	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1732	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1733	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1734	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1735
173620120211:
1737	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1738	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1739	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
1740	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1741	comes from 20111215.
1742
174320120114:
1744	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
1745	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1746	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1747	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1748
1749	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1750	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1751
175220120109:
1753	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1754	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1755	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1756	tunable/sysctl.
1757	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1758
175920111215:
1760	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1761	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1762	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1763	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1764	not supported anymore.
1765
1766	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1767	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1768	need to be recompiled.
1769
177020111122:
1771	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1772	/dev/wmistat0.
1773
177420111108:
1775	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1776	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1777	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1778	time.
1779
178020111101:
1781	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1782	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1783
178420110930:
1785	sysinstall has been removed
1786
178720110923:
1788	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1789	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1790
1791COMMON ITEMS:
1792
1793	General Notes
1794	-------------
1795	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1796	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1797	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1798	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1799	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1800	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1801	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1802
1803	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1804	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1805	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1806	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1807	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1808
1809	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1810	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1811	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1812	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1813	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1814	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgade from
1815	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1816	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1817	an exception.
1818
1819	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1820	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1821	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1822	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1823
1824	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1825	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1826	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1827	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1828	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1829	should write them with this in mind.
1830
1831	ZFS notes
1832	---------
1833	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1834	these two steps:
1835
1836	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1837	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1838
1839	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1840
1841	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1842	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1843	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1844
1845	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1846
1847	To build a kernel
1848	-----------------
1849	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1850	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1851	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1852
1853	make kernel-toolchain
1854	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1855	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1856
1857	To test a kernel once
1858	---------------------
1859	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1860	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1861	debugging information) run
1862	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1863	nextboot -k testkernel
1864
1865	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1866	-----------------------------------------------------------
1867	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1868	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1869
1870	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1871	make buildworld
1872	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1873	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1874							[1]
1875	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1876	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1877	make installworld
1878	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1879	make delete-old					[6]
1880	<reboot>
1881
1882	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1883	--------------------------------------------------
1884	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1885	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1886	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1887	# size.
1888
1889	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1890	<boot into -stable>
1891	make buildworld
1892	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1893	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1894	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1895	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1896	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1897	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1898	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1899	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1900	<reboot into current>
1901	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1902	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1903	<reboot>
1904
1905
1906	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1907	----------------------------------------------
1908	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1909	make buildworld					[9]
1910	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1911							[1]
1912	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1913	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1914	make installworld
1915	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1916	make delete-old					[6]
1917	<reboot>
1918
1919	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1920	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1921	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1922	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1923	the UPDATING entries.
1924
1925	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1926	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1927	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1928	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1929	much fewer pitfalls.
1930
1931	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1932	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1933	system on reboot.
1934
1935	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1936		fsck -p
1937		mount -u /
1938		mount -a
1939		cd src
1940		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1941	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1942	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1943
1944	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1945	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1946	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1947	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1948	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1949	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1950	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1951
1952	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1953	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1954	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1955	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1956	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1957	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1958
1959	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1960	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1961	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1962
1963	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1964	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1965	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1966	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1967	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1968	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1969
1970	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1971	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1972
1973	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1974	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1975	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1976
1977	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1978	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1979	warn if it is improperly defined.
1980FORMAT:
1981
1982This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1983breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1984list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
1985If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1986to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1987
1988Copyright information:
1989
1990Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
1991
1992Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1993modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1994document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1995
1996THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1997IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1998WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1999DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2000INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2001(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2002SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2003HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2004STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2005IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2006POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2007
2008Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2009this document.
2010
2011$FreeBSD$
2012