xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 6a3095aa6d0350dda89bac66d26f22a01e2257c4)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
26	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
27	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920210225:
30	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
31	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
32	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
33
3420210128:
35	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
36	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_verison 1400003
37	update.
38
3920210108:
40	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
41	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
42	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
43	since it was bumped so recently.
44
4520210107:
46	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
47	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
48	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
49	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
50
5120210105:
52	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
53	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
54	requires a clean build.
55
5620201223:
57	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
58	instructions can be found at
59	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
60	and other documents in that repo.
61
6220201216:
63	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
64	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
65	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
66	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
67
6820201215:
69	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
70	may be installed from ports or packages.
71
7220201124:
73	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
74	See ping(8) for details.
75
7620201108:
77	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
78	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
79	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
8020201030:
81	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
82	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
83	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
84	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
85	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
86
8720201026:
88	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
89	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
90	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
91	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
92	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
93	find.
94
9520200923:
96	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
97	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
98	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
99	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
100
101	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
102	command you want to un-auger the tree is
103		cd sys/amd64/conf
104		svn revert -R .
105	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
106	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
107
10820200824:
109	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
110	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
111	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
112	unless you  want to use new features.
113
114	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
115	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
116	rebuilding world may fail.
117
118	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
119	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
120
121	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
122	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
123	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
124	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
125
12620200824:
127	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
128	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
129	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
130	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
131
13220200821:
133	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
134	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
135	sources.
136
13720200817:
138	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
139	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
140
14120200816:
142	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
143	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
144	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
145	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
146
14720200810:
148	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
149	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
150	from sources, so a version bump was done.
151
15220200807:
153	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
154	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
155	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
156	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
157
15820200729:
159	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
160	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
161	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
162	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
163	continue to function.
164
165	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
166	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
167	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
168	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
169
17020200627:
171	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
172	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
173	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
174	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
175	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
176	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
177	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
178
17920200625:
180	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
181	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
182
18320200613:
184	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
185	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
186	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
187
18820200604:
189	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
190	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
191	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
192	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
193
194	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
195	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
196	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
197	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
198	/root/.shrc.
199
20020200523:
201	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
202	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
203	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
204	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
205
20620200512:
207	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
208	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
209
21020200424:
211	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
212	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
213	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
214	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
215	be functional without closefrom(2).
216
21720200414:
218	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
219	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
220	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
221	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
222	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
223	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
224
22520200310:
226	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
227	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
228	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
229	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
230
23120200309:
232	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
233	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
234	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
235
23620200301:
237	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
238
23920200229:
240	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
241	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
242	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
243
24420200229:
245	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
246	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
247
24820200229:
249	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
250	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
251	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
252	ports or packages.
253
25420200220:
255	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
256	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
257	ncurses.
258
25920200217:
260	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
261	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
262	together with their new kernel.
263
26420200212:
265	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
266	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
267	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
268
269	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
270	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
271
27220200108:
273	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
274	linker for riscv64.
275
27620200107:
277	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
278	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
279	external toolchain package.
280
28120200104:
282	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
283	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
284	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
285	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
286	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
287
28820200102:
289	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
290	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
291	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
292	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
293
29420191226:
295	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
296	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
297	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
298	ABI.
299
30020191226:
301	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
302
30320191222:
304	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
305	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
306	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
307	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
308
30920191212:
310	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
311	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
312	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
313
31420191205:
315	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
316	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
317	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
318	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
319	differences between those included in the port and those included in
320	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
321	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
322	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
323
32420191120:
325	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
326	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
327	for automounting.
328
32920191107:
330	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
331	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
332	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
333	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
334	add superio to the set.
335
33620191021:
337	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
338	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
339
34020191021:
341	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
342	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
343	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
344	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
345	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
346	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
347	completely in the future.
348
34920191009:
350	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
351	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
352	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
353	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
354	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
355	will be removed from the list.
356
35720191009:
358	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
359	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
360	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
361	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
362
36320191003:
364	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
365	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
366	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
367	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
368
36920190913:
370	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
371	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
372	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
373	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
374
37520190823:
376	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
377	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
378	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
379
38020190727:
381	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
382	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
383	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
384	your scripts, because they had no effect.
385
386	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
387	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
388	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
389	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
390	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
391
39220190713:
393	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
394	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
395	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
396	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
397	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
398	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
399	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
400
40120190620:
402	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
403	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
404	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
405	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
406
40720190612:
408	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
409	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
410	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
411	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
412
41320190608:
414	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
415	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
416	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
417
41820190513:
419	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
420	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
421	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
422	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
423	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
424	avoid running into the limit.
425
42620190507:
427	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
428	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
429
43020190507:
431	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
432	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
433	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
434	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
435	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
436	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
437
43820190418:
439	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
440	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
441	entropy:
442
443	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
444	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
445	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
446	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
447	availability properties.
448
449	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
450	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
451	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
452	initial condition, if desired.
453
454	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
455	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
456
457	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
458	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
459	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
460	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
461
46220190416:
463	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
464	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
465	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
466	therefore unblocked).
467
46820190404:
469	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
470	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
471	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
472	is added to the command line.
473	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
474	not affected and should continue to work.
475
47620190320:
477	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
478	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
479	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
480	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
481
48220190304:
483	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
484	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
485	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
486	or higher.
487
48820190226:
489	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
490	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
491	kernel config.
492
49320190219:
494	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
495	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
496	migrating to the drm ports.
497
49820190131:
499	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
500	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
501	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
502	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
503	is loaded automatically.
504
50520190125:
506	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
507	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
508	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
509	kernel config files.
510
51120181230:
512	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
513	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
514	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
515	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
516
51720181220:
518	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
519	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
520	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
521	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
522	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
523	most NFSv4 mounts.
524
52520181219:
526	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
527	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
528	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
529
530	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
531	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
532
533	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
534	removed from the mips port.
535
53620181211:
537	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
538	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
539	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
540	or higher.
541
54220181211:
543	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
544	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
545
54620181126:
547	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
548	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
549	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
550	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
551
55220181123:
553	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
554	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
555	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
556
55720181115:
558	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
559	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
560	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
561	FreeBSD versions.
562
56320181110:
564	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
565	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
566	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
567
568	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
569	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
570	being included using the command:
571		$ newsyslog -Nrv
572
57320181015:
574	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
575	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
576	drm-legacy-kmod.
577
578	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
579	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
580	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
581	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
582	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
583	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
584	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
585	that as you will get better support.
586
587	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
588	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
589	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
590	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
591
592	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
593	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
594	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
595	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
596	shortly.
597
59820181012:
599	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
600	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
601	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
602	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
603	be adjusted as necessary.
604
60520181009:
606	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
607	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
608	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
609	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
610
61120181006:
612	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
613	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
614	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
615	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
616	encouraged.
617
61820181002:
619	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
620	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
621	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
622	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
623	nda device name.
624
62520180913:
626	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
627	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
628	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
629	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
630	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
631	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
632
63320180826:
634	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
635	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
636	default since FreeBSD-11.
637
63820180822:
639	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
640	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
641	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
642
64320180818:
644	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
645	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
646	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
647	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
648	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
649	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
650	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
651
652	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
653	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
654
65520180815:
656	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
657	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
658	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
659	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
660	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
661	may not be observed in a future release.
662
66320180808:
664	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
665	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
666	your environment.
667
66820180731:
669	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
670	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
671	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
672	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
673
67420180730:
675	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
676	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
677	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
678	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
679	runtime services.
680
68120180727:
682	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
683	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
684	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
685
68620180723:
687	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
688	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
689	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
690	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
691	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
692
69320180720:
694	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
695	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
696	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
697	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
698	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
699	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
700
70120180719:
702	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
703	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
704	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
705	boot_serial=YES
706	boot_multicons=YES
707	in /boot/loader.conf
708	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
709	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
710	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
711
71220180719:
713	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
714	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
715	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
716	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
717	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
718	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
719	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
720	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
721	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
722	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
723	by the ntpd user.
724
72520180717:
726	Big endian arm support has been removed.
727
72820180711:
729	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
730	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
731	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
732	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
733	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
734
73520180705:
736	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
737	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
738	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
739	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
740	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
741	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
742
74320180702:
744	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
745	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
746
74720180701:
748	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
749	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
750	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
751	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
752	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
753	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
754	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
755
75620180630:
757	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
758	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
759	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
760	or higher.
761
76220180628:
763	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
764	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
765	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
766	file.
767
76820180612:
769	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
770	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
771
77220180530:
773	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
774	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
775	longer necessary.
776
77720180530:
778	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
779	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
780	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
781	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
782
78320180523:
784	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
785	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
786	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
787	later than r334108.
788
78920180517:
790	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
791	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
792	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
793	it must be removed.
794
79520180510:
796	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
797	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
798	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
799	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
800	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
801	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
802	will go away.
803
804	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
805	workaround is necessary.
806
80720180508:
808	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
809	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
810	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
811	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
812
81320180504:
814	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
815	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
816	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
817	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
818	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
819
82020180502:
821	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
822	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
823	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
824	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
825
82620180501:
827	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
828	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
829	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
830	be removed.
831
83220180413:
833	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
834	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
835	removed.
836
83720180411:
838	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
839	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
840	removed.
841
84220180406:
843	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
844	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
845	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
846	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
847	microseconds and time zone offsets.
848
849	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
850	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
851	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
852	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
853	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
854	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
855	adjustments, depending on the software used.
856
857	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
858	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
859
860		source src {
861			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
862		}
863
864	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
865	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
866	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
867
868		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
869
870	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
871	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
872	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
873	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
874	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
875	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
876	thus expected to continue to function as before.
877
878	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
879	change.
880
88120180328:
882	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
883	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
884	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
885
88620180323:
887	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
888	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
889	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
890	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
891	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
892	should be as simple as:
893
894		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
895		$ make depend all install
896
89720180212:
898	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
899	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
900	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
901	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
902	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
903	provisions for backup boot methods.
904
90520180211:
906	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
907	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
908	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
909	imp@freebsd.org.
910
91120180114:
912	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
913	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
914	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
915	or higher.
916
91720180110:
918	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
919	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
920	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
921
922	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
923	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
924
92520180110:
926	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
927	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
928	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
929	remove it from kernel config files.
930
93120180104:
932	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
933	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
934	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
935
936	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
937	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
938
93920180102:
940	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
941	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
942	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
943	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
944
94520171215:
946	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
947	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
948
94920171214:
950	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
951	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
952	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
953	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
954
95520171125:
956	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
957	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
958	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
959	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
960	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
961	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
962
96320171110:
964	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
965	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
966	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
967
96820171106:
969	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
970	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
971	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
972	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
973	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
974
97520171102:
976	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
977	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
978	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
979	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
980	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
981	environment.
982
98320171101:
984	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
985	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
986	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
987	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
988	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
989	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
990	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
991	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
992	than hardcoding paths.
993
99420171028:
995	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
996	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
997	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
998
99920171021:
1000	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1001	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1002	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1003	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1004
100520171010:
1006	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1007	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1008
100920171005:
1010	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1011	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1012	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1013	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1014
101520171003:
1016	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1017	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1018	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1019	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1020	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1021
102220170912:
1023	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1024	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1025	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1026	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1027	/etc/ctl.conf .
1028
102920170912:
1030	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1031	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1032	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1033	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1034	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1035
103620170826:
1037	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1038	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1039
104020170825:
1041	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1042	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1043	to complete.
1044
104520170814:
1046	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1047	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1048	${TESTSDIR}.
1049
1050	Behavioral changes:
1051	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1052	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1053	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1054	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1055
1056	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1057	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1058	sandbox if successful.
1059
1060	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1061	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1062	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1063	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1064	an unprivileged user.
1065
106620170808:
1067	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1068	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1069	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1070	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1071	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1072	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1073	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1074	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1075	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1076	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1077	to which you should answer yes.
1078
107920170728:
1080	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1081	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1082	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1083	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1084	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1085
108620170722:
1087	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1088	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1089	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1090
109120170701:
1092	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1093	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1094
109520170625:
1096	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1097	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1098	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1099	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1100	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1101	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1102	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1103
110420170623:
1105	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1106	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1107	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1108	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1109	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1110	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1111
111220170620:
1113	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1114	if you require the GPL compiler.
1115
111620170618:
1117	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1118	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1119	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1120
112120170617:
1122	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1123	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1124	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1125	followed.
1126
112720170531:
1128	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1129	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1130	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1131	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1132	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1133	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1134
113520170524:
1136	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1137	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1138	which only require one chipset support.
1139
1140	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1141
1142	if_ath_load="YES"
1143
1144	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1145	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1146	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1147
1148	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1149	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1150
1151	* load ath_hal
1152	* load the chip modules in question
1153	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1154	* load ath_main
1155	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1156	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1157
1158	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1159
116020170523:
1161	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1162	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1163	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1164
1165	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1166	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1167	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1168
1169	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1170	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1171	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1172	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1173	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1174	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1175	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1176	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1177
117820170424:
1179	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1180	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1181	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1182
118320170420:
1184	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1185	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1186	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1187
118820170413:
1189	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1190	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1191	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1192	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1193	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1194	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1195	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1196
119720170407:
1198	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1199	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1200	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1201	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1202
120320170405:
1204	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1205	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1206	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1207
120820170331:
1209	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1210	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1211	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1212
121320170329:
1214	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1215	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1216
1217	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1218	via one of the following methods:
1219	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1220	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1221	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1222	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1223
1224	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1225
122620170316:
1227	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1228	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1229	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1230	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1231	with mmc.ko).
1232
123320170315:
1234	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1235	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1236	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1237	be prefixed with colon.
1238
123920170311:
1240	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1241	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1242	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1243
124420170302:
1245	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1246	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1247	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1248
124920170221:
1250	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1251	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1252	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1253	change.
1254
125520170216:
1256	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1257	valid.
1258
125920170215:
1260	MCA bus support has been removed.
1261
126220170127:
1263	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1264	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1265
126620170112:
1267	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1268	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1269
127020170109:
1271	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1272	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1273	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1274	configuration.
1275
127620161217:
1277	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1278	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1279	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1280
128120161124:
1282	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1283	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1284	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1285
128620161119:
1287	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1288	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1289	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1290
129120161030:
1292	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1293	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1294	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1295	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1296
129720161017:
1298	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1299	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1300	parts.
1301	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1302	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1303
130420161015:
1305	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1306	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1307	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1308	removed from base.
1309
131020161008:
1311	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1312	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1313	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1314
131520161003:
1316	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1317	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1318
131920160924:
1320	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1321	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1322	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1323	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1324
132520160918:
1326	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1327	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1328	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1329	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1330	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1331
133220160918:
1333	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1334
133520160908:
1336	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1337	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1338	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1339	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1340
134120160824:
1342	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1343	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1344	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1345	to 1200005.
1346
134720160818:
1348	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1349	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1350	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1351	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1352	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1353	0.
1354
135520160818:
1356	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1357	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1358
135920160708:
1360	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1361
136220160622:
1363	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1364	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1365	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1366	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1367	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1368	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1369	kernel.
1370
137120160527:
1372	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1373	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1374	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1375	previously contained a line like
1376	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1377	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1378	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1379	generally be fine.
1380
138120160523:
1382	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1383	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1384	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1385	built with the old headers.
1386
138720160520:
1388	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1389	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1390	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1391	installing a new libc.
1392
139320160517:
1394	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1395	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1396	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1397	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1398	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1399	packages will be needed.
1400
1401	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1402	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1403	and the install steps.
1404
140520160510:
1406	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1407	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1408	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1409	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1410	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1411	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1412
141320160414:
1414	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1415	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1416	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1417	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1418	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1419
1420		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1421		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1422		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1423		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1424		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1425
1426	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1427	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1428	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1429	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1430	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1431	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1432	vendors work.
1433
1434	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1435	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1436		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1437	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1438	quirks entry to 0x3.
1439
144020160330:
1441	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1442	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1443	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1444
144520160317:
1446	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1447	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1448
144920160311:
1450	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1451	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1452	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1453	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1454	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1455	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1456	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1457	stale .depend files.
1458
145920160306:
1460	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1461	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1462	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1463	rebooting, e.g.:
1464
1465	make buildworld
1466	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1467	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1468	make -C sys/boot install
1469	<reboot in single user>
1470
1471	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1472	below.
1473
147420160305:
1475	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1476	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1477	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1478
147920160301:
1480	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1481	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1482	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1483	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1484	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1485	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1486
148720160226:
1488	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1489	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1490	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1491	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1492	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1493
149420160129:
1495	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1496	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1497	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1498	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1499	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1500
150120160119:
1502	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1503	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1504
150520160113:
1506	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1507	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1508	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1509
151020151216:
1511	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1512	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1513	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1514	other loaders.
1515
151620151211:
1517	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1518	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1519	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1520	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1521	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1522	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1523
152420151207:
1525	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1526	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1527	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1528	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1529	in src.conf(5).
1530
153120151130:
1532	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1533	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1534	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1535
153620151108:
1537	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1538	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1539	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1540
1541	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1542	collation results will be different.
1543
1544	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1545	locales before running make installworld.
1546
1547	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1548
154920151030:
1550	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1551	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1552
155320151020:
1554	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1555	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1556	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1557
155820151017:
1559	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1560	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1561	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1562	and 'make -N' will not.
1563
156420151012:
1565	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1566	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1567	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1568	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1569	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1570	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1571	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1572	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1573
157420151011:
1575	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1576	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1577	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1578	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1579
158020151006:
1581	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1582	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1583	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1584
158520150924:
1586	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1587	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1588	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1589	userland debug files.
1590
1591	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1592	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1593	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1594
1595	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1596	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1597
159820150827:
1599	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1600	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1601	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1602	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1603	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1604	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1605
160620150827:
1607	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1608	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1609	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1610
161120150817:
1612	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1613	them, the kernel must have
1614
1615	device	random
1616	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1617
1618	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1619	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1620	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1621	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1622
1623	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1624	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1625
162620150813:
1627	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1628	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1629	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1630
163120150810:
1632	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1633	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1634	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1635	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1636
1637	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1638	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1639	difference with this change.
1640
1641	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1642	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1643	remove that workaround.
1644
164520150809:
1646	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1647	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1648	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1649	with:
1650
1651	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1652
165320150806:
1654	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1655	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1656	loader.rc.local instead.
1657
165820150805:
1659	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1660	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1661	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1662
166320150728:
1664	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1665	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1666	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1667
1668	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1669	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1670
167120150706:
1672	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1673	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1674	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1675	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1676	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1677	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1678	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1679	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1680	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1681	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1682	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1683	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1684
168520150630:
1686	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1687	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1688
1689	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1690	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1691	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1692
1693	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1694	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1695
1696	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1697	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1698	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1699
1700	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1701	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1702	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1703	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1704
1705	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1706	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1707	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1708	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1709
1710	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1711	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1712	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1713	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1714	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1715	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1716	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1717	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1718	will never happen.
1719
172020150623:
1721	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1722	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1723
172420150616:
1725	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1726	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1727
172820150615:
1729	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1730	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1731	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1732	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1733	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1734
173520150614:
1736	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1737	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1738	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1739	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1740
174120150614:
1742	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1743	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1744	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1745	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1746	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1747	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1748	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1749
1750	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1751	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1752	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1753	   replace it with '2'.
1754	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1755	   a file path, create a new file with:
1756		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1757	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1758		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1759	5. Restart sendmail:
1760		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1761
1762	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1763	updated.
1764
176520150604:
1766	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1767	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1768	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1769	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1770	5.x.
1771
1772	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1773
177420150525:
1775	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1776	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1777	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1778
177920150521:
1780	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1781	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1782	and Pandaboard:
1783
1784	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1785	  same but content is different now
1786	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1787	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1788	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1789	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1790	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1791
179220150501:
1793	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1794	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1795	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1796
179720150423:
1798	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1799	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1800
180120150415:
1802	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1803	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1804
180520150416:
1806	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1807	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1808	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1809
181020150324:
1811	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1812	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1813	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1814	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1815
181620150315:
1817	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1818	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1819	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1820
182120150307:
1822	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1823	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1824	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1825	kernel before rebooting.
1826
182720150217:
1828	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1829	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1830	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1831	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1832	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1833	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1834
183520150210:
1836	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1837	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1838	with the new kernel.
1839
184020150131:
1841	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1842	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1843	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1844
184520150118:
1846	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1847	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1848	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1849	are not already using 3.5.0.
1850
185120150107:
1852	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1853	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1854	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1855	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1856	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1857
185820150105:
1859	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1860	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1861	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1862	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1863
186420150102:
1865	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1866	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1867
186820141231:
1869	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1870
1871	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1872	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1873	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1874	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1875	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1876	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1877	later.
1878
1879	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1880	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1881	of the box.
1882
1883	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1884	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1885	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1886	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1887
1888	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1889	the instructions for 9.x above.
1890
1891	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1892	default, and do not build clang.
1893
1894	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1895	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1896	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1897
1898	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1899	the following are most likely to appear:
1900
1901	-Wabsolute-value
1902
1903	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1904	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1905	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1906	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1907	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1908	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1909	  cast, or disable the warning.
1910
1911	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1912	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1913	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1914	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1915	  side-effects.
1916
1917	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1918	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1919
1920	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1921	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1922	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1923	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1924
1925	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1926	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1927	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1928	unreachable could be optimized away.
1929
193020141222:
1931	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1932	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1933	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1934	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1935	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1936	the utilities will report errors.
1937
193820141121:
1939	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1940	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1941	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1942	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1943	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1944	LOCAL_DIRS.
1945
194620141109:
1947	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1948	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1949
195020141104:
1951	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1952	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1953	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1954	drivers.
1955
1956	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1957	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1958	indicate what you need to do.
1959
1960	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1961	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1962	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1963
1964	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1965	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1966	  kern.vty=sc
1967
196820141102:
1969	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1970	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1971	execute it.
1972
197320141009:
1974	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1975	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1976	devel/gperf port.
1977
197820140923:
1979	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1980	contrib/pjdfstest .
1981
198220140922:
1983	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1984	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1985	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1986	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1987	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1988	their next update cycle.
1989
199020140729:
1991	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1992	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1993	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1994	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1995	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1996
199720140723:
1998	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1999	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
2000
200120140719:
2002	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
2003	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
2004	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
2005	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
2006	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
2007	new configuration.
2008
200920140709:
2010	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
2011	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
2012	them again.
2013	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
2014
201520140708:
2016	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
2017	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
2018	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
2019	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
2020	requires readline.
2021
202220140702:
2023	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
2024	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
2025	architecture.
2026
202720140701:
2028	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
2029	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
2030	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
2031	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
2032	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2033
203420140629:
2035	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2036	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2037	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2038
203920140619:
2040	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2041	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2042	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2043
204420140606:
2045	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2046	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
2047	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2048	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
2049	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2050	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2051	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2052	"make installworld".
2053
2054	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2055	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2056	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2057	is run.
2058
2059	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2060	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2061	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2062	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2063	be removed during a clean upgrade.
2064
206520140512:
2066	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2067
206820140508:
2069	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2070	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2071	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
2072
207320140505:
2074	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2075	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2076	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2077	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2078	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2079	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2080	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2081	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2082	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2083	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2084	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2085	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2086
2087	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2088	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2089	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2090	as well.
2091
209220140430:
2093	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2094	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2095
209620140424:
2097	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2098	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2099	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2100	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2101	build hosts for older releases.
2102
2103	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2104	r276991, respectively.
2105
210620140418:
2107	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2108	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2109	will silently lack HESIOD.
2110
211120140405:
2112	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2113	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2114	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2115	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2116	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2117	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2118	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2119	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2120	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2121	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2122	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2123	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
2124
212520140306:
2126	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2127	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2128	with command line option -W.
2129
213020140226:
2131	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2132	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2133	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2134	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2135	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2136
213720140216:
2138	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2139
214020140216:
2141	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
2142	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2143
214420140212:
2145	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2146	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2147	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
2148	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2149	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2150
215120140204:
2152	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2153	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
2154	kernel is still highly recommended.
2155
215620140131:
2157	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2158	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
2159	capability mode support in kernel.
2160
216120140128:
2162	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2163	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2164	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2165	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2166	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2167
216820140110:
2169	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2170	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2171	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2172	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2173	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2174	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2175
217620131213:
2177	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2178	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2179	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2180	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2181	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2182	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2183	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2184	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2185	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2186
218720131108:
2188	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2189	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
2190	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2191	should change your settings to use the latter.
2192
219320131025:
2194	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2195	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
2196	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
2197	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
2198	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2199
220020131014:
2201	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2202	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2203	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2204	delete-old-libs":
2205	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2206	  or
2207	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2208
220920131010:
2210	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2211	revision r256279.
2212
2213COMMON ITEMS:
2214
2215	General Notes
2216	-------------
2217	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2218	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2219	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2220	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2221	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2222	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2223	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2224	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2225
2226	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2227	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2228	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2229	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2230	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2231	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2232	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2233	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2234	an exception.
2235
2236	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2237	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2238	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2239	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2240	step.
2241
2242	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2243	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2244	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2245	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2246
2247	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2248	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2249	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2250	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2251	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2252	should write them with this in mind.
2253
2254	ZFS notes
2255	---------
2256	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2257	these two steps:
2258
2259	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2260	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2261
2262	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2263
2264	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2265	freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2266	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2267	The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2268	booting from EFI).
2269
2270	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2271
2272	To build a kernel
2273	-----------------
2274	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2275	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2276	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2277
2278	make kernel-toolchain
2279	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2280	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2281
2282	To test a kernel once
2283	---------------------
2284	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2285	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2286	debugging information) run
2287	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2288	nextboot -k testkernel
2289
2290	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2291	-----------------------------------------------------------
2292	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2293	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2294
2295	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2296	make buildworld
2297	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2298	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2299							[1]
2300	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2301	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2302	make installworld
2303	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2304	make delete-old					[6]
2305	<reboot>
2306
2307	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2308	--------------------------------------------------
2309	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2310	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2311	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2312	# size.
2313
2314	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2315	<boot into -stable>
2316	make buildworld
2317	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2318	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2319	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2320	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2321	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2322	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2323	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2324	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2325	<reboot into current>
2326	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2327	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2328	<reboot>
2329
2330
2331	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2332	----------------------------------------------
2333	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2334	make buildworld					[9]
2335	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2336	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2337							[1]
2338	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2339	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2340	make installworld
2341	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2342	make delete-old					[6]
2343	<reboot>
2344
2345	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2346	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2347	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2348	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2349	the UPDATING entries.
2350
2351	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2352	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2353	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2354	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2355	much fewer pitfalls.
2356
2357	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2358	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2359	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2360	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2361	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2362	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2363	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2364	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2365	and effective, eg:
2366	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2367
2368	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2369		fsck -p
2370		mount -u /
2371		mount -a
2372		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2373		cd src			# full path to source
2374		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2375	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2376	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2377
2378	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2379	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2380	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2381	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2382	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2383	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2384	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2385
2386	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2387	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2388	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2389	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2390	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2391	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2392
2393	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2394	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2395	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2396
2397	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2398	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2399	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2400	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2401	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2402	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2403	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2404	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2405
2406	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2407	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2408	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2409	for these as well.
2410
2411	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2412	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2413	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2414
2415	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2416	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2417	warn if it is improperly defined.
2418FORMAT:
2419
2420This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2421breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2422list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2423If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2424to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2425
2426Copyright information:
2427
2428Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2429
2430Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2431modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2432document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2433
2434THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2435IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2436WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2437DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2438INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2439(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2440SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2441HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2442STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2443IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2444POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2445
2446Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2447this document.
2448
2449$FreeBSD$
2450