1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520110628: 26 The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5. 27 You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel. 28 This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4) 29 versions. Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups. 30 3120110608: 32 The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms: 33 machdep.hlt_cpus 34 machdep.hlt_logical_cpus 35 The following sysctl is retired: 36 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed 37 The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and 38 online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not 39 been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler. 40 machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore 41 hyperthreading CPUs at OS level. 42 Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable, 43 where X is an APIC ID of a CPU. Be advised, though, that disabling 44 CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and 45 may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is 46 a default scheduler. 47 4820110607: 49 cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe 50 a mask of CPUs. 51 5220110531: 53 Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate 54 that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later. Make sure to 55 follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing 56 world. 57 5820110513: 59 Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped 60 6120110503: 62 Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer, 63 the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4). 64 This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet 65 drivers need to be recompiled. 66 67 Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem 68 was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs, 69 i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific 70 handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous 71 branches. 72 7320110430: 74 Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci' 75 into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'. 76 7720110427: 78 The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs" 79 is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs". 80 Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland 81 changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8) 82 commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called 83 mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the 84 kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root 85 file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use 86 NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER. 87 To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For 88 a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like: 89 90 vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:" 91 92 in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make 93 a diskless root fs use the old client. 94 9520110424: 96 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new 97 CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were 98 removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using 99 ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update 100 them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY, 101 where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type 102 in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables, 103 see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map 104 old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic 105 compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do 106 not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers 107 in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names. 108 109 It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules, 110 but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata 111 module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata 112 still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk 113 and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode. 114 Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices 115 scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of 116 them are parts of the cam module. 117 118 ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class. 119 To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool 120 for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX. 121 122 No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem 123 arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack. 124 In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config: 125 options ATA_CAM 126 device ahci 127 device mvs 128 device siis 129 , and instead add back: 130 device atadisk # ATA disk drives 131 device ataraid # ATA RAID drives 132 device atapicd # ATAPI CDROM drives 133 device atapifd # ATAPI floppy drives 134 device atapist # ATAPI tape drives 135 13620110423: 137 The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which 138 was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch 139 back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on 140 both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the 141 mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an 142 update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon. 143 14420110418: 145 The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C 146 related components have been removed from the base system. If you 147 require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports. 148 14920110331: 150 ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains 151 the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci 152 contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb 153 contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath 154 in order to use ath on everything else. 155 156 TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only 157 need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation. 158 15920110314: 160 As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building 161 release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read 162 release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process. 163 16420110218: 165 GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD. This 166 is the last available version under GPLv2. It brings a number of new 167 features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE 168 4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new 169 directives, and lots of other small improvements. See the ChangeLog 170 file in contrib/binutils for the full details. 171 17220110218: 173 IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868 174 compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication. 175 This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all 176 actual FreeBSD versions) who implement 177 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for 178 authentication). 179 The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC 180 algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication. 181 18220110207: 183 Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol. This function has 184 been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be 185 globally exposed with this name. The equivalent functionality 186 is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri). 187 The function remains undocumented. 188 18920110112: 190 A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers, 191 symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD. Type checking 192 for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled. Code that needs 193 UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older 194 systems where the define is not present can check against 195 __FreeBSD_version >= 900030. 196 197 The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously 198 in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible 199 with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has 200 a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog 201 will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers 202 are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030. 203 20420110103: 205 If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get 206 the following warning: 207 "Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 208 unknown. config(8) likely too old." 209 or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system 210 to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in 211 stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and 212 install it on your system. 213 214 Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from 215 between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing 216 error in the first kernel build phase. A new config on those old 217 systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current. 218 21920101228: 220 The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with 221 it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP 222 control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that 223 rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to 224 be recompiled. 225 22620101114: 227 Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been 228 added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along 229 with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted 230 to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations. This 231 means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise 232 support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected 233 media option. This was implemented in the generic support that way in 234 order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8) 235 with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect 236 from unwanted effects. Consequently, if you used flow control with 237 one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable 238 it, for example via: 239 ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol 240 241 Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting 242 1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4), 243 e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take 244 advantage of it. This means that these drivers now no longer take the 245 link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option 246 has to be used instead, for example like in the following: 247 ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master 248 249 Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY 250 drivers supporting 1000baseT. 251 25220101111: 253 The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for 254 modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of 255 congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User 256 space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. 257 sockstat) need to be recompiled. 258 25920101002: 260 The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer 261 uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to 262 migrate local entries to the new format. 263 26420100928: 265 The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a 266 new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and 267 upstream sshd. 268 26920100915: 270 A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code, 271 so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after 272 revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel 273 on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21). 274 A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for 275 set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules. 276 27720100913: 278 The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into 279 $ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces. 280 281 The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined 282 address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8). A value 283 "ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified. The 284 default is "AUTO". 285 286 The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED 287 flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no 288 corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line. The default is "NO" for 289 security reason. If you want IPv6 link-local address on all 290 interfaces by default, set this to "YES". 291 292 The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to 293 ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and 294 ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer". 295 29620100913: 297 DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is 298 now i386 and amd64 only. 299 dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new 300 kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap. 301 No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable 302 userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and 303 'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want 304 to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack). 305 30620100725: 307 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 308 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 309 31020100722: 311 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 312 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 313 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 314 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 315 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 316 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 317 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 318 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 319 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 320 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 321 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 322 32320100713: 324 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 325 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 326 machine powerpc powerpc 327 328 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 329 after this change. 330 33120100713: 332 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 333 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 334 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 335 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 336 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 337 33820100429: 339 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 340 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 341 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 342 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 343 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 344 34520100402: 346 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 347 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 348 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 349 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 350 WITH_CTF=yes"). 351 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 352 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 353 to unwanted behavior. 354 35520100311: 356 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 357 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 358 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 359 be modified accordingly. 360 36120100113: 362 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 363 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 364 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 365 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 366 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 367 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 368 369 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 370 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 371 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 372 use of utmpx. 373 374 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 375 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 376 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 377 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 378 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 379 38020100108: 381 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 382 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 383 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 384 38520091202: 386 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 387 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 388 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 389 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 390 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 391 392 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 393 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 394 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 395 396 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 397 39820091125: 399 8.0-RELEASE. 400 40120091113: 402 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 403 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 404 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 405 operation of applications on the console. 406 407 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 408 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 409 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 410 cons25. 411 412 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 413 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 414 performed by syscons(4). 415 41620091109: 417 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 418 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 419 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 420 421 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 422 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 423 new structure. 424 42520091025: 426 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 427 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 428 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 429 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 430 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 431 iwn5150fw. 432 43320090926: 434 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 435 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 436 437 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 438 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 439 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 440 441 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 442 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 443 444 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 445 they are obsolete. 446 447 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 448 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 449 450 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 451 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 452 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 453 454 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 455 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 456 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 457 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 458 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 459 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 460 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 461 using ifconfig(8) like: 462 463 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 464 465 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 466 IPv6-preferred. 467 468 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 469 470 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 471 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 472 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 473 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 474 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 475 47620090922: 477 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 478 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 479 48020090912: 481 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 482 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 483 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 484 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 485 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 486 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 487 48820090910: 489 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 490 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 491 49220090825: 493 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 494 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 495 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 496 is 1000. 497 49820090813: 499 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 500 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 501 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 502 50320090803: 504 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 505 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 506 50720090719: 508 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 509 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 510 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 511 51220090714: 513 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 514 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 515 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 516 51720090713: 518 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 519 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 520 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 521 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 522 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 523 52420090712: 525 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 526 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 527 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 528 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 529 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 530 53120090630: 532 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 533 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 534 may need to be adjusted. 535 53620090629: 537 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 538 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 539 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 540 with routing sockets. 541 54220090628: 543 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 544 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 545 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 546 54720090624: 548 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 549 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 550 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 551 800100. 552 55320090622: 554 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 555 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 556 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 557 55820090619: 559 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 560 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 561 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 562 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 563 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 564 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 565 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 566 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 567 568 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 569 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 570 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 571 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 572 authentication method is used. 573 57420090616: 575 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 576 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 577 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 578 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 579 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 580 58120090613: 582 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 583 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 584 58520090611: 586 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 587 be rebuilt. 588 58920090608: 590 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 591 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 592 59320090602: 594 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 595 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 596 59720090601: 598 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 599 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 600 re-compiled. 601 60220090601: 603 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 604 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 605 rebuilt. 606 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 607 60820090530: 609 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 610 more valid. 611 61220090530: 613 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 614 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 615 61620090529: 617 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 618 rebuilt. 619 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 620 62120090528: 622 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 623 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 624 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 625 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 626 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 627 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 628 62920090527: 630 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 631 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 632 63320090523: 634 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 635 need to be rebuilt. 636 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 637 63820090523: 639 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 640 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 641 64220090520: 643 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 644 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 645 64620090520: 647 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 648 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 649 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 650 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 651 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 652 65320090430: 654 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 655 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 656 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 657 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 658 correctly checking networking state from userland. 659 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 660 66120090429: 662 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 663 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 664 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 665 follows the IPv4 implementation. 666 667 For kernel developers: 668 669 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 670 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 671 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 672 673 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 674 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 675 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 676 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 677 678 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 679 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 680 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 681 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 682 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 683 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 684 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 685 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 686 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 687 multicast membership on-link. 688 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 689 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 690 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 691 692 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 693 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 694 stack. 695 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 696 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 697 semantics. 698 699 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 700 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 701 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 702 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 703 704 For application developers: 705 706 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 707 stack. 708 709 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 710 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 711 712 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 713 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 714 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 715 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 716 717 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 718 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 719 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 720 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 721 Multicast Source Filters'. 722 723 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 724 725 For systems administrators: 726 727 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 728 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 729 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 730 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 731 returned by getifaddrs(3). 732 733 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 734 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 735 736 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 737 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 738 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 739 recommended for optimal system performance. 740 741 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 742 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 743 back forwarded datagrams. 744 745 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 746 74720090422: 748 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 749 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 750 75120090419: 752 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 753 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 754 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 755 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 756 75720090415: 758 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 759 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 760 state will require a world rebuild. 761 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 762 76320090415: 764 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 765 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 766 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 767 76820090414: 769 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 770 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 771 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 772 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 773 load balancing. 774 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 775 77620090408: 777 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 778 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 779 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 780 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 781 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 782 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 783 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 784 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 785 78620090407: 787 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 788 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 789 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 790 79120090320: 792 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 793 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 794 introduces some changes: 795 796 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 797 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 798 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 799 800 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 801 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 802 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 803 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 804 805 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 806 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 807 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 808 the "386BSD" type). 809 810 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 811 81220090319: 813 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 814 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 815 (supported by sane). 816 81720090319: 818 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 819 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 820 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 821 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 822 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 823 82420090315: 825 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 826 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 827 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 828 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 829 used. 830 83120090313: 832 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 833 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 834 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 835 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 836 83720090313: 838 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 839 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 840 84120090309: 842 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 843 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 844 845 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 846 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 847 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 848 849 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 850 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 851 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 852 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 853 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 854 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 855 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 856 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 857 858 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 859 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 860 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 861 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 862 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 863 to preserve the existing behaviour. 864 865 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 866 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 867 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 868 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 869 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 870 871 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 872 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 873 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 874 via IGMP. 875 876 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 877 recompiled to reflect this. 878 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 879 88020090309: 881 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 882 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 883 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 884 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 885 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 886 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 887 88820090302: 889 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 890 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 891 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 892 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 893 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 894 raised to allow such segments to be created. 895 89620090301: 897 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 898 network device driver modules. 899 90020090227: 901 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 902 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 903 90420090223: 905 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 906 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 907 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 908 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 909 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 910 apply. 911 91220090217: 913 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 914 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 915 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 916 use the new name. 917 91820090216: 919 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 920 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 921 add 922 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 923 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 924 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 925 92620090215: 927 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 928 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 929 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 930 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 931 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 932 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 933 934 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 935 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 936 be used for this: 937 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 938 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 939 94020090209: 941 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 942 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 943 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 944 94520090203: 946 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 947 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 948 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 949 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 950 same interface. 951 95220090201: 953 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 954 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 955 95620090119: 957 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 958 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 959 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 960 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 961 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 962 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 963 96420090115: 965 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 966 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 967 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 968 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 969 97020081225: 971 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 972 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 973 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 974 in next mpd5.3 release. 975 97620081219: 977 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 978 the base system (it was a port). 979 98020081216: 981 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 982 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 983 98420081214: 985 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 986 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 987 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 988 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 989 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 990 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 991 none of the L2 information. 992 99320081130: 994 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 995 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 996 997 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 998 999 to their kernel config files when specifying: 1000 1001 device ath_hal 1002 1003 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 1004 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 1005 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 1006 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 1007 100820081121: 1009 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 1010 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 1011 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 1012 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 1013 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 1014 packets. 1015 101620081117: 1017 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 1018 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 1019 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 1020 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 1021 102220081028: 1023 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 1024 102520081009: 1026 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 1027 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 1028 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 1029 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 1030 controller add the following to loader.conf: 1031 1032 uhci_load="YES" 1033 ehci_load="YES" 1034 103520081009: 1036 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 1037 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 1038 sync. 1039 104020081009: 1041 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 1042 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 1043 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 1044 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 1045 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 1046 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 1047 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 1048 104920080820: 1050 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 1051 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 1052 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 1053 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 1054 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 1055 1056 PCI/ISA: 1057 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 1058 1059 USB: 1060 ubser, ucycom 1061 1062 Line disciplines: 1063 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 1064 1065 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 1066 cause compilation to fail. 1067 106820080818: 1069 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 1070 107120080801: 1072 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 1073 1074 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 1075 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 1076 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 1077 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 1078 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 1079 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 1080 accepting the RSA key. 1081 1082 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 1083 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 1084 command line. 1085 1086 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 1087 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 1088 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 1089 behavior. 1090 109120080713: 1092 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 1093 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 1094 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 1095 1096 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 1097 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 1098 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 1099 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 1100 use the new device names. 1101 1102 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 1103 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 1104 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 1105 at the loader prompt: 1106 1107 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 1108 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 1109 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 1110 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 1111 boot -s 1112 111320080609: 1114 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 1115 disks instead. 1116 111720080603: 1118 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 1119 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 1120 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 1121 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 1122 112320080525: 1124 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 1125 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 1126 112720080509: 1128 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 1129 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 1130 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 1131 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 1132 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 1133 113420080420: 1135 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 1136 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 1137 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 1138 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 1139 For example, change: 1140 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 1141 to 1142 wlans_ath0=wlan0 1143 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 1144 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 1145 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 1146 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 1147 1148 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 1149 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 1150 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 1151 115220080408: 1153 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 1154 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 1155 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 1156 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 1157 other operation levels. 1158 115920080312: 1160 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 1161 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 1162 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 1163 compatibility with any prior release: 1164 1165 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 1166 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 1167 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 1168 116920080301: 1170 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 1171 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 1172 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 1173 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 1174 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 1175 nonetheless. 1176 117720080229: 1178 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 1179 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 1180 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 1181 with older hardware easier to do. 1182 118320080220: 1184 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 1185 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 1186 118720080211: 1188 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 1189 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 1190 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 1191 firewall rules. 1192 119320080208: 1194 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 1195 mbuf chains. 1196 119720080126: 1198 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 1199 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 1200 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 1201 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 1202 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 1203 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 1204 third-party software might fail to build after this change 1205 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 1206 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 1207 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 1208 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 1209 case that a portable fix is impossible. 1210 121120080123: 1212 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 1213 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 1214 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 1215 121620071128: 1217 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 1218 functionality is the default now. 1219 122020071118: 1221 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 1222 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 1223 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 1224 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 1225 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 1226 1227 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 1228 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 1229 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 1230 123120071024: 1232 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 1233 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 1234 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 1235 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 1236 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 1237 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 1238 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 1239 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 1240 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 1241 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 1242 however. 1243 124420071020: 1245 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 1246 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 1247 used kproc_start().. 1248 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 1249 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 1250 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 1251 125220071010: 1253 RELENG_7 branched. 1254 1255COMMON ITEMS: 1256 1257 General Notes 1258 ------------- 1259 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 1260 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 1261 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 1262 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 1263 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 1264 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 1265 several months have passed on the -current branch). 1266 1267 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1268 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1269 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1270 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1271 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1272 1273 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 1274 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 1275 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 1276 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 1277 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 1278 1279 ZFS notes 1280 --------- 1281 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1282 these two steps: 1283 1284 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1285 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1286 1287 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1288 1289 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1290 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1291 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1292 1293 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1294 1295 To build a kernel 1296 ----------------- 1297 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1298 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1299 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1300 1301 make kernel-toolchain 1302 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1303 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1304 1305 To test a kernel once 1306 --------------------- 1307 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1308 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1309 debugging information) run 1310 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1311 nextboot -k testkernel 1312 1313 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1314 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1315 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1316 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1317 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1318 1319 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1320 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1321 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1322 make depend 1323 make 1324 make install 1325 1326 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1327 1328 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1329 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1330 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1331 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1332 1333 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1334 make buildworld 1335 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1336 [1] 1337 <reboot in single user> [3] 1338 mergemaster -p [5] 1339 make installworld 1340 mergemaster -i [4] 1341 make delete-old [6] 1342 <reboot> 1343 1344 1345 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1346 -------------------------------------------------- 1347 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1348 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1349 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1350 # size. 1351 1352 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1353 <boot into -stable> 1354 make buildworld 1355 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1356 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1357 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1358 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1359 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1360 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1361 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1362 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1363 <reboot into current> 1364 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1365 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1366 <reboot> 1367 1368 1369 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1370 ---------------------------------------------- 1371 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1372 make buildworld [9] 1373 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1374 [1] 1375 <reboot in single user> [3] 1376 mergemaster -p [5] 1377 make installworld 1378 mergemaster -i [4] 1379 make delete-old [6] 1380 <reboot> 1381 1382 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1383 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1384 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1385 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1386 the UPDATING entries. 1387 1388 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1389 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1390 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1391 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1392 much fewer pitfalls. 1393 1394 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1395 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1396 system on reboot. 1397 1398 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1399 fsck -p 1400 mount -u / 1401 mount -a 1402 cd src 1403 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1404 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1405 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1406 1407 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1408 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1409 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1410 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1411 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1412 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1413 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1414 1415 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1416 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1417 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1418 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1419 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1420 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1421 1422 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1423 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1424 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1425 1426 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1427 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1428 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1429 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1430 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1431 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1432 1433 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1434 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1435 1436 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1437 cvs prune empty directories. 1438 1439 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1440 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1441 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1442 1443 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1444 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1445 warn if it is improperly defined. 1446FORMAT: 1447 1448This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1449breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1450and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1451previous releases if your system is older than this. 1452 1453Copyright information: 1454 1455Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1456 1457Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1458modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1459document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1460 1461THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1462IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1463WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1464DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1465INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1466(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1467SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1468HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1469STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1470IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1471POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1472 1473Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1474this document. 1475 1476$FreeBSD$ 1477