xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 67ca7330cf34a789afbbff9ae7e4cdc4a4917ae3)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
3420190513:
35	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
36	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
37	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
38	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
39	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
40	avoid running into the limit.
41
4220190507:
43	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
44	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
45
4620190507:
47	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
48	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_load="if_tap" or
49	kld_load="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
50	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
51	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
52	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
53
5420190418:
55	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
56	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
57	entropy:
58
59	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
60	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
61	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
62	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
63	availability properties.
64
65	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
66	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
67	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
68	initial condition, if desired.
69
70	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
71	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
72
73	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
74	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
75	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
76	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
77
7820190416:
79	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
80	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
81	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
82	therefore unblocked).
83
8420190404:
85	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
86	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
87	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
88	is added to the command line.
89	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
90	not affected and should continue to work.
91
9220190320:
93	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
94	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
95	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
96	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
97
9820190304:
99	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
100	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
101	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
102	or higher.
103
10420190226:
105	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
106	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
107	kernel config.
108
10920190219:
110	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
111	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
112	migrating to the drm ports.
113
11420190131:
115	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
116	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
117	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
118	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
119	is loaded automatically.
120
12120190125:
122	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
123	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
124	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
125	kernel config files.
126
12720181230:
128	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
129	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
130	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
131	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
132
13320181220:
134	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
135	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
136	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
137	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
138	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
139	most NFSv4 mounts.
140
14120181219:
142	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
143	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
144	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
145
146	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
147	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
148
149	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
150	removed from the mips port.
151
15220181211:
153	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
154	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
155	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
156	or higher.
157
15820181211:
159	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
160	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
161
16220181126:
163	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
164	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
165	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
166	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
167
16820181123:
169	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
170	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
171	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
172
17320181115:
174	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
175	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
176	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
177	FreeBSD versions.
178
17920181110:
180	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
181	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
182	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
183
184	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
185	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
186	being included using the command:
187		$ newsyslog -Nrv
188
18920181015:
190	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
191	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
192	drm-legacy-kmod.
193
194	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
195	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
196	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
197	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
198	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
199	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
200	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
201	that as you will get better support.
202
203	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
204	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
205	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
206	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
207
208	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
209	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
210	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
211	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
212	shortly.
213
21420181012:
215	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
216	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
217	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
218	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
219	be adjusted as necessary.
220
22120181009:
222	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
223	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
224	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
225	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
226
22720181006:
228	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
229	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
230	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
231	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
232	encouraged.
233
23420181002:
235	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
236	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
237	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
238	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
239	nda device name.
240
24120180913:
242	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
243	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
244	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
245	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
246	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
247	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
248
24920180826:
250	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
251	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
252	default since FreeBSD-11.
253
25420180822:
255	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
256	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
257	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
258
25920180818:
260	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
261	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
262	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
263	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
264	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
265	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
266	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
267
268	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
269	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
270
27120180815:
272	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
273	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
274	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
275	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
276	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
277	may not be observed in a future release.
278
27920180808:
280	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
281	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
282	your environment.
283
28420180731:
285	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
286	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
287	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
288	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
289
29020180730:
291	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
292	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
293	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
294	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
295	runtime services.
296
29720180727:
298	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
299	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
300	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
301
30220180723:
303	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
304	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
305	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
306	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
307	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
308
30920180720:
310	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
311	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
312	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
313	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
314	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
315	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
316
31720180719:
318	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
319	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
320	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
321	boot_serial=YES
322	boot_multicons=YES
323	in /boot/loader.conf
324	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
325	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
326	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
327
32820180719:
329	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
330	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
331	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
332	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
333	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
334	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
335	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
336	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
337	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
338	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
339	by the ntpd user.
340
34120180717:
342	Big endian arm support has been removed.
343
34420180711:
345	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
346	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
347	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
348	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
349	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
350
35120180705:
352	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
353	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
354	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
355	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
356	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
357	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
358
35920180702:
360	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
361	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
362
36320180701:
364	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
365	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
366	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
367	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
368	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
369	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
370	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
371
37220180630:
373	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
374	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
375	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
376	or higher.
377
37820180628:
379	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
380	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
381	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
382	file.
383
38420180612:
385	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
386	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
387
38820180530:
389	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
390	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
391	longer necessary.
392
39320180530:
394	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
395	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
396	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
397	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
398
39920180523:
400	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
401	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
402	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
403	later than r334108.
404
40520180517:
406	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
407	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
408	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
409	it must be removed.
410
41120180510:
412	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
413	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
414	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
415	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
416	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
417	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
418	will go away.
419
420	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
421	workaround is necessary.
422
42320180508:
424	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
425	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
426	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
427	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
428
42920180504:
430	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
431	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
432	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
433	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
434	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
435
43620180502:
437	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
438	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
439	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
440	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
441
44220180501:
443	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
444	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
445	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
446	be removed.
447
44820180413:
449	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
450	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
451	removed.
452
45320180411:
454	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
455	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
456	removed.
457
45820180406:
459	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
460	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
461	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
462	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
463	microseconds and time zone offsets.
464
465	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
466	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
467	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
468	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
469	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
470	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
471	adjustments, depending on the software used.
472
473	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
474	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
475
476		source src {
477			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
478		}
479
480	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
481	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
482	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
483
484		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
485
486	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
487	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
488	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
489	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
490	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
491	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
492	thus expected to continue to function as before.
493
494	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
495	change.
496
49720180328:
498	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
499	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
500	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
501
50220180323:
503	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
504	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
505	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
506	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
507	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
508	should be as simple as:
509
510		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
511		$ make depend all install
512
51320180212:
514	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
515	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
516	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
517	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
518	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
519	provisions for backup boot methods.
520
52120180211:
522	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
523	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
524	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
525	imp@freebsd.org.
526
52720180114:
528	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
529	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
530	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
531	or higher.
532
53320180110:
534	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
535	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
536	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
537
538	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
539        WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
540
54120180110:
542	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
543	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
544	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
545	remove it from kernel config files.
546
54720180104:
548	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
549	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
550	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
551
552	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
553	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
554
55520180102:
556	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
557	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
558	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
559	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
560
56120171215:
562	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
563	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
564
56520171214:
566	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
567	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
568	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
569	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
570
57120171125:
572	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
573	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
574	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
575	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
576	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
577	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
578
57920171110:
580	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
581	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
582	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
583
58420171106:
585	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
586	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
587	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
588	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
589	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
590
59120171102:
592	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
593	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
594	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
595	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
596	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
597	environment.
598
59920171101:
600	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
601	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
602	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
603	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
604	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
605	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
606	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
607	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
608	than hardcoding paths.
609
61020171028:
611	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
612	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
613	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
614
61520171021:
616	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
617	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
618	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
619	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
620
62120171010:
622	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
623	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
624
62520171005:
626	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
627	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
628	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
629	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
630
63120171003:
632	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
633	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
634	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
635	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
636	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
637
63820170912:
639	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
640	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
641	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
642	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
643	/etc/ctl.conf .
644
64520170912:
646	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
647	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
648	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
649	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
650	soft-float everything else should be affected.
651
65220170826:
653	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
654	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
655
65620170825:
657	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
658	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
659	to complete.
660
66120170814:
662	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
663	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
664	${TESTSDIR}.
665
666	Behavioral changes:
667	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
668	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
669	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
670	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
671
672	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
673	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
674	sandbox if successful.
675
676	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
677	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
678	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
679	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
680	an unprivileged user.
681
68220170808:
683	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
684	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
685	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
686	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
687	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
688	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
689	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
690	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
691	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
692	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
693	to which you should answer yes.
694
69520170728:
696	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
697	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
698	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
699	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
700	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
701
70220170722:
703	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
704	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
705	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
706
70720170701:
708	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
709	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
710
71120170625:
712	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
713	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
714	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
715	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
716	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
717	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
718	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
719
72020170623:
721	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
722	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
723	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
724	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
725	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
726	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
727
72820170620:
729	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
730	if you require the GPL compiler.
731
73220170618:
733	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
734	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
735	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
736
73720170617:
738	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
739	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
740	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
741	followed.
742
74320170531:
744	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
745	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
746	from ports (and recommends to install it).
747	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
748	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
749	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
750
75120170524:
752	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
753	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
754	which only require one chipset support.
755
756	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
757
758	if_ath_load="YES"
759
760	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
761	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
762	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
763
764	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
765	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
766
767	* load ath_hal
768	* load the chip modules in question
769	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
770	* load ath_main
771	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
772	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
773
774	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
775
77620170523:
777	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
778	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
779	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
780
781	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
782	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
783	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
784
785	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
786	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
787	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
788	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
789	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
790	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
791	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
792	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
793
79420170424:
795	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
796	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
797	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
798
79920170420:
800	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
801	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
802	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
803
80420170413:
805	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
806	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
807	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
808	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
809	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
810	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
811	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
812
81320170407:
814	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
815	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
816	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
817	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
818
81920170405:
820	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
821	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
822	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
823
82420170331:
825	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
826	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
827	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
828
82920170329:
830	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
831	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
832
833	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
834	via one of the following methods:
835	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
836	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
837	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
838	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
839
840	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
841
84220170316:
843	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
844	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
845	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
846	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
847	with mmc.ko).
848
84920170315:
850	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
851	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
852	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
853	be prefixed with colon.
854
85520170311:
856	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
857	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
858	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
859
86020170302:
861	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
862	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
863	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
864
86520170221:
866	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
867	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
868	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
869	change.
870
87120170216:
872	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
873	valid.
874
87520170215:
876	MCA bus support has been removed.
877
87820170127:
879	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
880	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
881
88220170112:
883	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
884	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
885
88620170109:
887	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
888	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
889	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
890	configuration.
891
89220161217:
893	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
894	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
895	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
896
89720161124:
898	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
899	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
900	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
901
90220161119:
903	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
904	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
905	that link against it need to be recompiled.
906
90720161030:
908	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
909	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
910	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
911	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
912
91320161017:
914	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
915	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
916	parts.
917	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
918	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
919
92020161015:
921	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
922	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
923	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
924	removed from base.
925
92620161008:
927	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
928	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
929	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
930
93120161003:
932	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
933	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
934
93520160924:
936	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
937	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
938	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
939	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
940
94120160918:
942	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
943	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
944	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
945	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
946	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
947
94820160918:
949	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
950
95120160908:
952	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
953	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
954	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
955	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
956
95720160824:
958	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
959	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
960	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
961	to 1200005.
962
96320160818:
964	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
965	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
966	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
967	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
968	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
969	0.
970
97120160818:
972	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
973	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
974
97520160708:
976	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
977
97820160622:
979	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
980	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
981	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
982	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
983	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
984	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
985	kernel.
986
98720160527:
988	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
989	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
990	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
991	previously contained a line like
992	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
993	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
994	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
995	generally be fine.
996
99720160523:
998	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
999	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1000	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1001	built with the old headers.
1002
100320160520:
1004	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1005	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1006	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1007	installing a new libc.
1008
100920160517:
1010	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1011	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1012	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1013	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1014	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1015	packages will be needed.
1016
1017	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1018	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1019	and the install steps.
1020
102120160510:
1022	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1023	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1024	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1025	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1026	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1027	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1028
102920160414:
1030	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1031	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1032	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1033	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1034	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1035
1036		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1037		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1038		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1039		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1040		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1041
1042	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1043	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1044	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1045	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1046	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1047	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1048	vendors work.
1049
1050	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1051	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1052		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1053	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1054	quirks entry to 0x3.
1055
105620160330:
1057	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1058	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1059	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1060
106120160317:
1062	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1063	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1064
106520160311:
1066	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1067	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1068	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1069	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1070	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1071	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1072	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1073	stale .depend files.
1074
107520160306:
1076	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1077	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1078	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1079	rebooting, e.g.:
1080
1081	make buildworld
1082	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1083	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1084	make -C sys/boot install
1085	<reboot in single user>
1086
1087	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1088	below.
1089
109020160305:
1091	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1092	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1093	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1094
109520160301:
1096	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1097	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1098	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1099	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1100	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1101	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1102
110320160226:
1104	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1105	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1106	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1107	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1108	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1109
111020160129:
1111	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1112	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1113	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1114	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1115	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1116
111720160119:
1118	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1119	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1120
112120160113:
1122	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1123	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1124	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1125
112620151216:
1127	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1128	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1129	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1130	other loaders.
1131
113220151211:
1133	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1134	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1135	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1136	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1137	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1138	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1139
114020151207:
1141	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1142	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1143	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1144	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1145	in src.conf(5).
1146
114720151130:
1148	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1149	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1150	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1151
115220151108:
1153	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1154	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1155	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1156
1157	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1158	collation results will be different.
1159
1160	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1161	locales before running make installworld.
1162
1163	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1164
116520151030:
1166	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1167	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1168
116920151020:
1170	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1171	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1172	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1173
117420151017:
1175	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1176	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1177	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1178	and 'make -N' will not.
1179
118020151012:
1181	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1182	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1183	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1184	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1185	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1186	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1187	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1188	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1189
119020151011:
1191	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1192	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1193	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1194	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1195
119620151006:
1197	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1198	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1199	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1200
120120150924:
1202	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1203	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1204	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1205	userland debug files.
1206
1207	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1208	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1209	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1210
1211	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1212	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1213
121420150827:
1215	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1216	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1217	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1218	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1219	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1220	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1221
122220150827:
1223	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1224	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1225	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1226
122720150817:
1228	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1229	them, the kernel must have
1230
1231	device	random
1232	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1233
1234	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1235	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1236	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1237	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1238
1239	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1240	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1241
124220150813:
1243	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1244	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1245	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1246
124720150810:
1248	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1249	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1250	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1251	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1252
1253	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1254	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1255	difference with this change.
1256
1257	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1258	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1259	remove that workaround.
1260
126120150809:
1262	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1263	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1264	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1265	with:
1266
1267	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1268
126920150806:
1270	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1271	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1272	loader.rc.local instead.
1273
127420150805:
1275	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1276	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1277	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1278
127920150728:
1280	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1281	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1282	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1283
1284	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1285	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1286
128720150706:
1288	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1289	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1290	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1291	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1292	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1293	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1294	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1295	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1296	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1297	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1298	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1299	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1300
130120150630:
1302	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1303	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1304
1305	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1306	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1307	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1308
1309	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1310	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1311
1312	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1313	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1314	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1315
1316	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1317	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1318	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1319	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1320
1321	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1322	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1323	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1324	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1325
1326	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1327	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1328	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1329	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1330	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1331	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1332	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1333	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1334	will never happen.
1335
133620150623:
1337	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1338	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1339
134020150616:
1341	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1342	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1343
134420150615:
1345	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1346	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1347	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1348	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1349	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1350
135120150614:
1352	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1353	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1354	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1355	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1356
135720150614:
1358	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1359	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1360	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1361	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1362	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1363	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1364	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1365
1366	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1367	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1368	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1369	   replace it with '2'.
1370	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1371	   a file path, create a new file with:
1372		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1373	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1374		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1375	5. Restart sendmail:
1376		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1377
1378	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1379	updated.
1380
138120150604:
1382	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1383	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1384	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1385	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1386	5.x.
1387
1388	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1389
139020150525:
1391	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1392	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1393	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1394
139520150521:
1396	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1397	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1398	and Pandaboard:
1399
1400	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1401	  same but content is different now
1402	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1403	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1404	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1405	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1406	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1407
140820150501:
1409	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1410	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1411	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1412
141320150423:
1414	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1415	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1416
141720150415:
1418	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1419	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1420
142120150416:
1422	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1423	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1424	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1425
142620150324:
1427	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1428	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1429	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1430	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1431
143220150315:
1433	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1434	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1435	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1436
143720150307:
1438	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1439	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1440	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1441	kernel before rebooting.
1442
144320150217:
1444	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1445	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1446	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1447	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1448	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1449	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1450
145120150210:
1452	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1453	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1454	with the new kernel.
1455
145620150131:
1457	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1458	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1459	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1460
146120150118:
1462	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1463	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1464	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1465	are not already using 3.5.0.
1466
146720150107:
1468	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1469	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1470	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1471	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1472	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1473
147420150105:
1475	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1476	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1477	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1478	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1479
148020150102:
1481	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1482	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1483
148420141231:
1485	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1486
1487	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1488	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1489	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1490	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1491	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1492	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1493	later.
1494
1495	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1496	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1497	of the box.
1498
1499	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1500	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1501	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1502	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1503
1504	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1505	the instructions for 9.x above.
1506
1507	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1508	default, and do not build clang.
1509
1510	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1511	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1512	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1513
1514	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1515	the following are most likely to appear:
1516
1517	-Wabsolute-value
1518
1519	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1520	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1521	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1522	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1523	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1524	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1525	  cast, or disable the warning.
1526
1527	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1528	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1529	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1530	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1531	  side-effects.
1532
1533	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1534	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1535
1536	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1537	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1538	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1539	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1540
1541	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1542	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1543	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1544	unreachable could be optimized away.
1545
154620141222:
1547	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1548	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1549	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1550	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1551	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1552	the utilities will report errors.
1553
155420141121:
1555	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1556	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1557	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1558	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1559	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1560	LOCAL_DIRS.
1561
156220141109:
1563	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1564	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1565
156620141104:
1567	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1568	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1569	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1570	drivers.
1571
1572	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1573	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1574	indicate what you need to do.
1575
1576	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1577	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1578	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1579
1580	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1581	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1582	  kern.vty=sc
1583
158420141102:
1585	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1586	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1587	execute it.
1588
158920141009:
1590	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1591	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1592	devel/gperf port.
1593
159420140923:
1595	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1596	contrib/pjdfstest .
1597
159820140922:
1599	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1600	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1601	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1602	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1603	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1604	their next update cycle.
1605
160620140729:
1607	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1608	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1609	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1610	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1611	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1612
161320140723:
1614	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1615	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1616
161720140719:
1618	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1619	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1620	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1621	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1622	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1623	new configuration.
1624
162520140709:
1626	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1627	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1628	them again.
1629	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1630
163120140708:
1632	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1633	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1634	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1635	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1636	requires readline.
1637
163820140702:
1639	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1640	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1641	architecture.
1642
164320140701:
1644	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1645	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1646	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1647	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1648	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1649
165020140629:
1651	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1652	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1653	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1654
165520140619:
1656	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1657	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1658	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1659
166020140606:
1661	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1662	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1663	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1664	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1665	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1666	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1667	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1668	"make installworld".
1669
1670	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1671	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1672	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1673	is run.
1674
1675	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1676	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1677	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1678	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1679	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1680
168120140512:
1682	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1683
168420140508:
1685	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1686	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1687	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1688
168920140505:
1690	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1691	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1692	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1693	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1694	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1695	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1696	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1697	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1698	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1699	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1700	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1701	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1702
1703	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1704	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1705	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1706	as well.
1707
170820140430:
1709	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1710	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1711
171220140424:
1713	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1714	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1715	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1716	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1717	build hosts for older releases.
1718
1719	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1720	r276991, respectively.
1721
172220140418:
1723	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1724	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1725	will silently lack HESIOD.
1726
172720140405:
1728	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1729	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1730	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1731	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1732	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1733	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1734	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1735	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1736	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1737	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1738	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1739	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1740
174120140306:
1742	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1743	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1744	with command line option -W.
1745
174620140226:
1747	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1748	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1749	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1750	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1751	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1752
175320140216:
1754	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1755
175620140216:
1757	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1758	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1759
176020140212:
1761	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1762	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1763	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1764	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1765	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1766
176720140204:
1768	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1769	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1770	kernel is still highly recommended.
1771
177220140131:
1773	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1774	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1775	capability mode support in kernel.
1776
177720140128:
1778	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1779	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1780	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1781	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1782	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1783
178420140110:
1785	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1786	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1787	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1788	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1789	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1790	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1791
179220131213:
1793	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1794	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1795	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1796	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1797	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1798	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1799	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1800	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1801	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1802
180320131108:
1804	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1805	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1806	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1807	should change your settings to use the latter.
1808
180920131025:
1810	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1811	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1812	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1813	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1814	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1815
181620131014:
1817	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1818	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1819	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1820	delete-old-libs":
1821	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1822	  or
1823	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1824
182520131010:
1826	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1827	revision r256279.
1828
1829COMMON ITEMS:
1830
1831	General Notes
1832	-------------
1833	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1834	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1835	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1836	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1837	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1838	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1839	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1840
1841	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1842	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1843	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1844	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1845	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1846
1847	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1848	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1849	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1850	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1851	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1852	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1853	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1854	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1855	an exception.
1856
1857	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1858	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1859	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1860	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1861
1862	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1863	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1864	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1865	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1866	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1867	should write them with this in mind.
1868
1869	ZFS notes
1870	---------
1871	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1872	these two steps:
1873
1874	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1875	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1876
1877	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1878
1879	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1880	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1881	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1882
1883	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1884
1885	To build a kernel
1886	-----------------
1887	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1888	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1889	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1890
1891	make kernel-toolchain
1892	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1893	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1894
1895	To test a kernel once
1896	---------------------
1897	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1898	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1899	debugging information) run
1900	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1901	nextboot -k testkernel
1902
1903	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1904	-----------------------------------------------------------
1905	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1906	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1907
1908	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1909	make buildworld
1910	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1911	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1912							[1]
1913	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1914	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1915	make installworld
1916	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1917	make delete-old					[6]
1918	<reboot>
1919
1920	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1921	--------------------------------------------------
1922	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1923	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1924	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1925	# size.
1926
1927	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1928	<boot into -stable>
1929	make buildworld
1930	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1931	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1932	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1933	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1934	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1935	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1936	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1937	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1938	<reboot into current>
1939	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1940	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1941	<reboot>
1942
1943
1944	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1945	----------------------------------------------
1946	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1947	make buildworld					[9]
1948	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1949	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1950							[1]
1951	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1952	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1953	make installworld
1954	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1955	make delete-old					[6]
1956	<reboot>
1957
1958	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1959	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1960	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1961	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1962	the UPDATING entries.
1963
1964	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1965	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1966	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1967	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1968	much fewer pitfalls.
1969
1970	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1971	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1972	system on reboot.
1973
1974	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1975		fsck -p
1976		mount -u /
1977		mount -a
1978		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1979		cd src			# full path to source
1980		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1981	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1982	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1983
1984	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1985	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1986	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1987	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1988	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1989	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1990	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1991
1992	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1993	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1994	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1995	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1996	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1997	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1998
1999	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2000	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2001	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2002
2003	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2004	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2005	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2006	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2007	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2008	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2009	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2010	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2011
2012	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2013	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2014	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2015	for these as well.
2016
2017	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2018	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2019	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2020
2021	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2022	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2023	warn if it is improperly defined.
2024FORMAT:
2025
2026This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2027breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2028list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2029If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2030to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2031
2032Copyright information:
2033
2034Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.
2035
2036Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2037modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2038document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2039
2040THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2041IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2042WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2043DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2044INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2045(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2046SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2047HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2048STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2049IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2050POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2051
2052Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2053this document.
2054
2055$FreeBSD$
2056