xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 65a1d63665bf8b9cd2596d4319b31efc2232b722)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920200424:
30	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
31	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
32	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
33	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
34	be functional without closefrom(2).
35
3620200414:
37	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
38	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
39	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
40	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
41	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
42	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
43
4420200310:
45	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
46	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
47	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
48	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
49
5020200309:
51	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
52	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
53	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
54
5520200301:
56	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
57
5820200229:
59	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
60	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
61	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
62
6320200229:
64	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
65	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
66
6720200229:
68	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
69	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
70	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
71	ports or packages.
72
7320200220:
74	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
75	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
76	ncurses.
77
7820200217:
79	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
80	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
81	together with their new kernel.
82
8320200212:
84	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
85	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
86	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
87
88	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
89	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
90
9120200108:
92	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
93	linker for riscv64.
94
9520200107:
96	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
97	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
98	external toolchain package.
99
10020200104:
101	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
102	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
103	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
104	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
105	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
106
10720200102:
108	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
109	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
110	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
111	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
112
11320191226:
114	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
115	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
116	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
117	ABI.
118
11920191226:
120	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
121
12220191222:
123	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
124	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
125	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
126	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
127
12820191212:
129	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
130	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
131	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
132
13320191205:
134	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
135	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
136	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
137	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
138	differences between those included in the port and those included in
139	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
140	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
141	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
142
14320191120:
144	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
145	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
146	for automounting.
147
14820191107:
149	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
150	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
151	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
152	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
153	add superio to the set.
154
15520191021:
156	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
157	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
158
15920191021:
160	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
161	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
162	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
163	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
164	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
165	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
166	completely in the future.
167
16820191009:
169	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
170	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
171	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
172	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
173	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
174	will be removed from the list.
175
17620191009:
177	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
178	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
179	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
180	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
181
18220191003:
183	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
184	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
185	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
186	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
187
18820190913:
189	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
190	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
191	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
192	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
193
19420190823:
195	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
196	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
197	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
198
19920190727:
200	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
201	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
202	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
203	your scripts, because they had no effect.
204
205	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
206	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
207	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
208	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
209	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
210
21120190713:
212	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
213	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
214	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
215	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
216	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
217	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
218	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
219
22020190620:
221	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
222	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
223	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
224	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
225
22620190612:
227	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
228	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
229	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
230	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
231
23220190608:
233	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
234	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
235	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
236
23720190513:
238	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
239	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
240	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
241	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
242	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
243	avoid running into the limit.
244
24520190507:
246	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
247	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
248
24920190507:
250	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
251	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
252	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
253	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
254	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
255	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
256
25720190418:
258	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
259	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
260	entropy:
261
262	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
263	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
264	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
265	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
266	availability properties.
267
268	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
269	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
270	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
271	initial condition, if desired.
272
273	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
274	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
275
276	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
277	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
278	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
279	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
280
28120190416:
282	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
283	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
284	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
285	therefore unblocked).
286
28720190404:
288	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
289	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
290	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
291	is added to the command line.
292	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
293	not affected and should continue to work.
294
29520190320:
296	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
297	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
298	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
299	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
300
30120190304:
302	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
303	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
304	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
305	or higher.
306
30720190226:
308	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
309	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
310	kernel config.
311
31220190219:
313	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
314	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
315	migrating to the drm ports.
316
31720190131:
318	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
319	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
320	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
321	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
322	is loaded automatically.
323
32420190125:
325	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
326	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
327	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
328	kernel config files.
329
33020181230:
331	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
332	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
333	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
334	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
335
33620181220:
337	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
338	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
339	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
340	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
341	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
342	most NFSv4 mounts.
343
34420181219:
345	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
346	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
347	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
348
349	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
350	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
351
352	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
353	removed from the mips port.
354
35520181211:
356	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
357	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
358	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
359	or higher.
360
36120181211:
362	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
363	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
364
36520181126:
366	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
367	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
368	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
369	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
370
37120181123:
372	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
373	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
374	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
375
37620181115:
377	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
378	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
379	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
380	FreeBSD versions.
381
38220181110:
383	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
384	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
385	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
386
387	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
388	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
389	being included using the command:
390		$ newsyslog -Nrv
391
39220181015:
393	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
394	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
395	drm-legacy-kmod.
396
397	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
398	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
399	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
400	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
401	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
402	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
403	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
404	that as you will get better support.
405
406	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
407	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
408	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
409	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
410
411	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
412	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
413	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
414	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
415	shortly.
416
41720181012:
418	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
419	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
420	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
421	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
422	be adjusted as necessary.
423
42420181009:
425	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
426	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
427	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
428	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
429
43020181006:
431	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
432	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
433	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
434	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
435	encouraged.
436
43720181002:
438	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
439	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
440	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
441	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
442	nda device name.
443
44420180913:
445	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
446	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
447	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
448	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
449	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
450	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
451
45220180826:
453	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
454	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
455	default since FreeBSD-11.
456
45720180822:
458	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
459	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
460	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
461
46220180818:
463	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
464	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
465	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
466	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
467	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
468	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
469	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
470
471	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
472	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
473
47420180815:
475	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
476	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
477	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
478	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
479	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
480	may not be observed in a future release.
481
48220180808:
483	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
484	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
485	your environment.
486
48720180731:
488	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
489	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
490	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
491	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
492
49320180730:
494	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
495	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
496	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
497	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
498	runtime services.
499
50020180727:
501	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
502	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
503	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
504
50520180723:
506	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
507	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
508	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
509	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
510	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
511
51220180720:
513	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
514	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
515	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
516	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
517	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
518	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
519
52020180719:
521	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
522	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
523	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
524	boot_serial=YES
525	boot_multicons=YES
526	in /boot/loader.conf
527	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
528	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
529	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
530
53120180719:
532	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
533	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
534	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
535	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
536	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
537	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
538	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
539	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
540	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
541	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
542	by the ntpd user.
543
54420180717:
545	Big endian arm support has been removed.
546
54720180711:
548	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
549	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
550	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
551	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
552	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
553
55420180705:
555	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
556	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
557	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
558	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
559	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
560	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
561
56220180702:
563	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
564	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
565
56620180701:
567	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
568	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
569	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
570	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
571	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
572	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
573	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
574
57520180630:
576	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
577	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
578	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
579	or higher.
580
58120180628:
582	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
583	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
584	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
585	file.
586
58720180612:
588	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
589	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
590
59120180530:
592	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
593	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
594	longer necessary.
595
59620180530:
597	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
598	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
599	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
600	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
601
60220180523:
603	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
604	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
605	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
606	later than r334108.
607
60820180517:
609	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
610	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
611	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
612	it must be removed.
613
61420180510:
615	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
616	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
617	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
618	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
619	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
620	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
621	will go away.
622
623	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
624	workaround is necessary.
625
62620180508:
627	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
628	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
629	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
630	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
631
63220180504:
633	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
634	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
635	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
636	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
637	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
638
63920180502:
640	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
641	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
642	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
643	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
644
64520180501:
646	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
647	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
648	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
649	be removed.
650
65120180413:
652	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
653	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
654	removed.
655
65620180411:
657	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
658	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
659	removed.
660
66120180406:
662	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
663	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
664	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
665	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
666	microseconds and time zone offsets.
667
668	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
669	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
670	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
671	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
672	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
673	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
674	adjustments, depending on the software used.
675
676	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
677	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
678
679		source src {
680			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
681		}
682
683	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
684	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
685	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
686
687		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
688
689	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
690	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
691	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
692	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
693	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
694	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
695	thus expected to continue to function as before.
696
697	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
698	change.
699
70020180328:
701	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
702	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
703	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
704
70520180323:
706	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
707	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
708	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
709	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
710	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
711	should be as simple as:
712
713		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
714		$ make depend all install
715
71620180212:
717	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
718	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
719	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
720	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
721	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
722	provisions for backup boot methods.
723
72420180211:
725	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
726	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
727	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
728	imp@freebsd.org.
729
73020180114:
731	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
732	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
733	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
734	or higher.
735
73620180110:
737	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
738	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
739	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
740
741	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
742	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
743
74420180110:
745	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
746	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
747	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
748	remove it from kernel config files.
749
75020180104:
751	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
752	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
753	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
754
755	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
756	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
757
75820180102:
759	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
760	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
761	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
762	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
763
76420171215:
765	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
766	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
767
76820171214:
769	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
770	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
771	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
772	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
773
77420171125:
775	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
776	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
777	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
778	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
779	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
780	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
781
78220171110:
783	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
784	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
785	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
786
78720171106:
788	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
789	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
790	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
791	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
792	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
793
79420171102:
795	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
796	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
797	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
798	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
799	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
800	environment.
801
80220171101:
803	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
804	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
805	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
806	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
807	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
808	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
809	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
810	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
811	than hardcoding paths.
812
81320171028:
814	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
815	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
816	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
817
81820171021:
819	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
820	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
821	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
822	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
823
82420171010:
825	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
826	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
827
82820171005:
829	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
830	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
831	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
832	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
833
83420171003:
835	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
836	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
837	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
838	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
839	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
840
84120170912:
842	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
843	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
844	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
845	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
846	/etc/ctl.conf .
847
84820170912:
849	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
850	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
851	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
852	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
853	soft-float everything else should be affected.
854
85520170826:
856	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
857	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
858
85920170825:
860	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
861	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
862	to complete.
863
86420170814:
865	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
866	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
867	${TESTSDIR}.
868
869	Behavioral changes:
870	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
871	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
872	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
873	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
874
875	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
876	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
877	sandbox if successful.
878
879	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
880	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
881	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
882	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
883	an unprivileged user.
884
88520170808:
886	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
887	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
888	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
889	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
890	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
891	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
892	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
893	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
894	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
895	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
896	to which you should answer yes.
897
89820170728:
899	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
900	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
901	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
902	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
903	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
904
90520170722:
906	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
907	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
908	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
909
91020170701:
911	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
912	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
913
91420170625:
915	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
916	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
917	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
918	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
919	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
920	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
921	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
922
92320170623:
924	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
925	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
926	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
927	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
928	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
929	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
930
93120170620:
932	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
933	if you require the GPL compiler.
934
93520170618:
936	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
937	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
938	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
939
94020170617:
941	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
942	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
943	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
944	followed.
945
94620170531:
947	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
948	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
949	from ports (and recommends to install it).
950	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
951	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
952	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
953
95420170524:
955	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
956	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
957	which only require one chipset support.
958
959	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
960
961	if_ath_load="YES"
962
963	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
964	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
965	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
966
967	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
968	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
969
970	* load ath_hal
971	* load the chip modules in question
972	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
973	* load ath_main
974	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
975	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
976
977	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
978
97920170523:
980	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
981	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
982	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
983
984	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
985	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
986	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
987
988	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
989	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
990	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
991	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
992	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
993	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
994	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
995	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
996
99720170424:
998	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
999	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1000	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1001
100220170420:
1003	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1004	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1005	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1006
100720170413:
1008	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1009	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1010	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1011	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1012	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1013	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1014	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1015
101620170407:
1017	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1018	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1019	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1020	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1021
102220170405:
1023	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1024	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1025	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1026
102720170331:
1028	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1029	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1030	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1031
103220170329:
1033	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1034	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1035
1036	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1037	via one of the following methods:
1038	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1039	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1040	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1041	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1042
1043	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1044
104520170316:
1046	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1047	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1048	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1049	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1050	with mmc.ko).
1051
105220170315:
1053	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1054	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1055	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1056	be prefixed with colon.
1057
105820170311:
1059	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1060	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1061	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1062
106320170302:
1064	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1065	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1066	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1067
106820170221:
1069	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1070	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1071	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1072	change.
1073
107420170216:
1075	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1076	valid.
1077
107820170215:
1079	MCA bus support has been removed.
1080
108120170127:
1082	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1083	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1084
108520170112:
1086	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1087	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1088
108920170109:
1090	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1091	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1092	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1093	configuration.
1094
109520161217:
1096	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1097	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1098	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1099
110020161124:
1101	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1102	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1103	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1104
110520161119:
1106	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1107	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1108	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1109
111020161030:
1111	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1112	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1113	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1114	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1115
111620161017:
1117	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1118	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1119	parts.
1120	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1121	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1122
112320161015:
1124	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1125	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1126	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1127	removed from base.
1128
112920161008:
1130	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1131	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1132	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1133
113420161003:
1135	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1136	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1137
113820160924:
1139	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1140	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1141	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1142	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1143
114420160918:
1145	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1146	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1147	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1148	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1149	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1150
115120160918:
1152	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1153
115420160908:
1155	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1156	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1157	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1158	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1159
116020160824:
1161	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1162	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1163	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1164	to 1200005.
1165
116620160818:
1167	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1168	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1169	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1170	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1171	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1172	0.
1173
117420160818:
1175	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1176	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1177
117820160708:
1179	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1180
118120160622:
1182	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1183	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1184	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1185	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1186	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1187	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1188	kernel.
1189
119020160527:
1191	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1192	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1193	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1194	previously contained a line like
1195	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1196	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1197	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1198	generally be fine.
1199
120020160523:
1201	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1202	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1203	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1204	built with the old headers.
1205
120620160520:
1207	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1208	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1209	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1210	installing a new libc.
1211
121220160517:
1213	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1214	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1215	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1216	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1217	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1218	packages will be needed.
1219
1220	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1221	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1222	and the install steps.
1223
122420160510:
1225	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1226	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1227	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1228	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1229	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1230	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1231
123220160414:
1233	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1234	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1235	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1236	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1237	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1238
1239		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1240		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1241		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1242		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1243		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1244
1245	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1246	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1247	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1248	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1249	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1250	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1251	vendors work.
1252
1253	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1254	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1255		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1256	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1257	quirks entry to 0x3.
1258
125920160330:
1260	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1261	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1262	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1263
126420160317:
1265	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1266	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1267
126820160311:
1269	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1270	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1271	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1272	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1273	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1274	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1275	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1276	stale .depend files.
1277
127820160306:
1279	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1280	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1281	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1282	rebooting, e.g.:
1283
1284	make buildworld
1285	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1286	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1287	make -C sys/boot install
1288	<reboot in single user>
1289
1290	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1291	below.
1292
129320160305:
1294	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1295	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1296	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1297
129820160301:
1299	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1300	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1301	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1302	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1303	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1304	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1305
130620160226:
1307	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1308	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1309	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1310	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1311	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1312
131320160129:
1314	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1315	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1316	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1317	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1318	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1319
132020160119:
1321	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1322	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1323
132420160113:
1325	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1326	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1327	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1328
132920151216:
1330	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1331	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1332	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1333	other loaders.
1334
133520151211:
1336	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1337	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1338	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1339	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1340	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1341	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1342
134320151207:
1344	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1345	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1346	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1347	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1348	in src.conf(5).
1349
135020151130:
1351	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1352	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1353	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1354
135520151108:
1356	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1357	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1358	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1359
1360	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1361	collation results will be different.
1362
1363	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1364	locales before running make installworld.
1365
1366	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1367
136820151030:
1369	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1370	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1371
137220151020:
1373	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1374	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1375	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1376
137720151017:
1378	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1379	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1380	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1381	and 'make -N' will not.
1382
138320151012:
1384	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1385	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1386	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1387	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1388	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1389	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1390	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1391	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1392
139320151011:
1394	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1395	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1396	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1397	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1398
139920151006:
1400	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1401	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1402	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1403
140420150924:
1405	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1406	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1407	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1408	userland debug files.
1409
1410	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1411	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1412	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1413
1414	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1415	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1416
141720150827:
1418	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1419	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1420	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1421	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1422	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1423	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1424
142520150827:
1426	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1427	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1428	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1429
143020150817:
1431	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1432	them, the kernel must have
1433
1434	device	random
1435	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1436
1437	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1438	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1439	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1440	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1441
1442	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1443	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1444
144520150813:
1446	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1447	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1448	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1449
145020150810:
1451	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1452	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1453	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1454	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1455
1456	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1457	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1458	difference with this change.
1459
1460	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1461	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1462	remove that workaround.
1463
146420150809:
1465	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1466	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1467	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1468	with:
1469
1470	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1471
147220150806:
1473	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1474	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1475	loader.rc.local instead.
1476
147720150805:
1478	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1479	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1480	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1481
148220150728:
1483	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1484	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1485	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1486
1487	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1488	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1489
149020150706:
1491	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1492	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1493	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1494	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1495	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1496	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1497	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1498	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1499	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1500	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1501	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1502	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1503
150420150630:
1505	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1506	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1507
1508	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1509	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1510	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1511
1512	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1513	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1514
1515	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1516	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1517	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1518
1519	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1520	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1521	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1522	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1523
1524	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1525	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1526	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1527	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1528
1529	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1530	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1531	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1532	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1533	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1534	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1535	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1536	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1537	will never happen.
1538
153920150623:
1540	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1541	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1542
154320150616:
1544	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1545	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1546
154720150615:
1548	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1549	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1550	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1551	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1552	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1553
155420150614:
1555	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1556	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1557	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1558	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1559
156020150614:
1561	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1562	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1563	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1564	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1565	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1566	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1567	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1568
1569	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1570	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1571	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1572	   replace it with '2'.
1573	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1574	   a file path, create a new file with:
1575		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1576	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1577		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1578	5. Restart sendmail:
1579		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1580
1581	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1582	updated.
1583
158420150604:
1585	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1586	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1587	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1588	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1589	5.x.
1590
1591	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1592
159320150525:
1594	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1595	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1596	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1597
159820150521:
1599	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1600	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1601	and Pandaboard:
1602
1603	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1604	  same but content is different now
1605	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1606	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1607	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1608	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1609	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1610
161120150501:
1612	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1613	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1614	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1615
161620150423:
1617	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1618	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1619
162020150415:
1621	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1622	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1623
162420150416:
1625	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1626	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1627	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1628
162920150324:
1630	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1631	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1632	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1633	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1634
163520150315:
1636	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1637	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1638	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1639
164020150307:
1641	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1642	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1643	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1644	kernel before rebooting.
1645
164620150217:
1647	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1648	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1649	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1650	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1651	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1652	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1653
165420150210:
1655	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1656	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1657	with the new kernel.
1658
165920150131:
1660	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1661	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1662	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1663
166420150118:
1665	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1666	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1667	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1668	are not already using 3.5.0.
1669
167020150107:
1671	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1672	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1673	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1674	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1675	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1676
167720150105:
1678	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1679	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1680	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1681	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1682
168320150102:
1684	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1685	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1686
168720141231:
1688	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1689
1690	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1691	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1692	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1693	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1694	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1695	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1696	later.
1697
1698	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1699	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1700	of the box.
1701
1702	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1703	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1704	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1705	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1706
1707	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1708	the instructions for 9.x above.
1709
1710	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1711	default, and do not build clang.
1712
1713	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1714	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1715	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1716
1717	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1718	the following are most likely to appear:
1719
1720	-Wabsolute-value
1721
1722	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1723	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1724	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1725	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1726	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1727	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1728	  cast, or disable the warning.
1729
1730	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1731	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1732	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1733	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1734	  side-effects.
1735
1736	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1737	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1738
1739	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1740	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1741	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1742	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1743
1744	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1745	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1746	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1747	unreachable could be optimized away.
1748
174920141222:
1750	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1751	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1752	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1753	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1754	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1755	the utilities will report errors.
1756
175720141121:
1758	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1759	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1760	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1761	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1762	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1763	LOCAL_DIRS.
1764
176520141109:
1766	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1767	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1768
176920141104:
1770	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1771	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1772	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1773	drivers.
1774
1775	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1776	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1777	indicate what you need to do.
1778
1779	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1780	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1781	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1782
1783	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1784	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1785	  kern.vty=sc
1786
178720141102:
1788	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1789	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1790	execute it.
1791
179220141009:
1793	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1794	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1795	devel/gperf port.
1796
179720140923:
1798	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1799	contrib/pjdfstest .
1800
180120140922:
1802	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1803	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1804	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1805	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1806	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1807	their next update cycle.
1808
180920140729:
1810	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1811	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1812	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1813	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1814	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1815
181620140723:
1817	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1818	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1819
182020140719:
1821	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1822	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1823	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1824	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1825	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1826	new configuration.
1827
182820140709:
1829	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1830	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1831	them again.
1832	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1833
183420140708:
1835	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1836	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1837	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1838	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1839	requires readline.
1840
184120140702:
1842	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1843	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1844	architecture.
1845
184620140701:
1847	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1848	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1849	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1850	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1851	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1852
185320140629:
1854	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1855	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1856	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1857
185820140619:
1859	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1860	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1861	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1862
186320140606:
1864	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1865	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1866	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1867	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1868	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1869	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1870	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1871	"make installworld".
1872
1873	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1874	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1875	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1876	is run.
1877
1878	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1879	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1880	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1881	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1882	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1883
188420140512:
1885	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1886
188720140508:
1888	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1889	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1890	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1891
189220140505:
1893	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1894	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1895	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1896	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1897	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1898	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1899	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1900	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1901	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1902	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1903	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1904	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1905
1906	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1907	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1908	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1909	as well.
1910
191120140430:
1912	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1913	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1914
191520140424:
1916	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1917	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1918	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1919	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1920	build hosts for older releases.
1921
1922	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1923	r276991, respectively.
1924
192520140418:
1926	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1927	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1928	will silently lack HESIOD.
1929
193020140405:
1931	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1932	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1933	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1934	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1935	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1936	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1937	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1938	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1939	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1940	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1941	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1942	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1943
194420140306:
1945	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1946	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1947	with command line option -W.
1948
194920140226:
1950	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1951	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1952	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1953	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1954	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1955
195620140216:
1957	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1958
195920140216:
1960	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1961	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1962
196320140212:
1964	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1965	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1966	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1967	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1968	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1969
197020140204:
1971	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1972	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1973	kernel is still highly recommended.
1974
197520140131:
1976	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1977	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1978	capability mode support in kernel.
1979
198020140128:
1981	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1982	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1983	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1984	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1985	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1986
198720140110:
1988	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1989	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1990	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1991	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1992	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1993	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1994
199520131213:
1996	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1997	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1998	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1999	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2000	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2001	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2002	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2003	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2004	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2005
200620131108:
2007	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2008	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
2009	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2010	should change your settings to use the latter.
2011
201220131025:
2013	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2014	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
2015	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
2016	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
2017	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2018
201920131014:
2020	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2021	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2022	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2023	delete-old-libs":
2024	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2025	  or
2026	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2027
202820131010:
2029	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2030	revision r256279.
2031
2032COMMON ITEMS:
2033
2034	General Notes
2035	-------------
2036	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2037	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2038	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2039	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2040	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2041	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2042	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2043	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2044
2045	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2046	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2047	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2048	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2049	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2050	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2051	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2052	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2053	an exception.
2054
2055	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2056	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2057	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2058	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2059	step.
2060
2061	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2062	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2063	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2064	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2065
2066	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2067	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2068	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2069	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2070	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2071	should write them with this in mind.
2072
2073	ZFS notes
2074	---------
2075	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2076	these two steps:
2077
2078	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2079	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2080
2081	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2082
2083	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2084	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2085	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2086
2087	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2088
2089	To build a kernel
2090	-----------------
2091	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2092	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2093	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2094
2095	make kernel-toolchain
2096	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2097	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2098
2099	To test a kernel once
2100	---------------------
2101	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2102	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2103	debugging information) run
2104	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2105	nextboot -k testkernel
2106
2107	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2108	-----------------------------------------------------------
2109	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2110	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2111
2112	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2113	make buildworld
2114	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2115	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2116							[1]
2117	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2118	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2119	make installworld
2120	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2121	make delete-old					[6]
2122	<reboot>
2123
2124	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2125	--------------------------------------------------
2126	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2127	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2128	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2129	# size.
2130
2131	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2132	<boot into -stable>
2133	make buildworld
2134	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2135	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2136	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2137	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2138	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2139	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2140	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2141	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2142	<reboot into current>
2143	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2144	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2145	<reboot>
2146
2147
2148	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2149	----------------------------------------------
2150	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2151	make buildworld					[9]
2152	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2153	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2154							[1]
2155	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2156	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2157	make installworld
2158	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2159	make delete-old					[6]
2160	<reboot>
2161
2162	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2163	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2164	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2165	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2166	the UPDATING entries.
2167
2168	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2169	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2170	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2171	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2172	much fewer pitfalls.
2173
2174	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2175	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2176	system on reboot.
2177
2178	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2179		fsck -p
2180		mount -u /
2181		mount -a
2182		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2183		cd src			# full path to source
2184		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2185	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2186	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2187
2188	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2189	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2190	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2191	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2192	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2193	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2194	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2195
2196	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2197	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2198	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2199	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2200	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2201	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2202
2203	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2204	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2205	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2206
2207	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2208	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2209	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2210	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2211	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2212	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2213	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2214	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2215
2216	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2217	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2218	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2219	for these as well.
2220
2221	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2222	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2223	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2224
2225	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2226	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2227	warn if it is improperly defined.
2228FORMAT:
2229
2230This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2231breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2232list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2233If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2234to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2235
2236Copyright information:
2237
2238Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2239
2240Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2241modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2242document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2243
2244THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2245IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2246WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2247DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2248INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2249(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2250SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2251HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2252STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2253IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2254POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2255
2256Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2257this document.
2258
2259$FreeBSD$
2260