xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 60eddb209b5ad13a549ca74a41b7cb38a31da5ef)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
34
35****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
36
37	Due to a bug in some versions of clang that's very hard to workaround in
38	the upgrade process, to upgrade to -current you must first upgrade
39	either stable/9 after r286035 or stable/10 after r286033 (including
40	10.3-RELEASE) or current after r286007 (including stable/11 and
41	11.0-RELEASE). These revisions post-date the 10.2 and 9.3 releases, so
42	you'll need to take the unusual step of upgrading to the tip of the
43	stable branch before moving to 11 or -current via a source upgrade.
44	stable/11 and 11.0-RELEASE have working newer compiler. This differs
45	from the historical situation where one could upgrade from anywhere on
46	the last couple of stable branches, so be careful.
47
48	If you're running a hybrid system on 9.x or 10.x with an updated clang
49	compiler or are using an supported external toolchain, the build system
50	will allow the upgrade. Otherwise it will print a reminder.
51
52****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
53
5420180110:
55	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
56	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
57	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
58
59	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
60        WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
61
6220180110:
63	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. It's functionality has been folded
64	into apm. It was a nop on ACPI in current for a while now (but was still
65	needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to remove it
66	from kernel config files.
67
6820180104:
69	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
70	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
71	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
72
73	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
74	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
75
7620180102:
77	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
78	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
79	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
80	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
81
8220171215:
83	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
84	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
85
8620171214:
87	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
88	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
89	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
90	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
91
9220171125:
93	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
94	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
95	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
96	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
97	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
98	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
99
10020171110:
101	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
102	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
103	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
104
10520171106:
106	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
107	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
108	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
109	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
110	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
111
11220171102:
113	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
114	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
115	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
116	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
117	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
118	environment.
119
12020171101:
121	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
122	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
123	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
124	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
125	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
126	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
127	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
128	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
129	than hardcoding paths.
130
13120171028:
132	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
133	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
134	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
135
13620171021:
137	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
138	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
139	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
140	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
141
14220171010:
143	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
144	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
145
14620171005:
147	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
148	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
149	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
150	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
151
15220171003:
153	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
154	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
155	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
156	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
157	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
158
15920170912:
160	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
161	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
162	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
163	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
164	/etc/ctl.conf .
165
16620170912:
167	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
168	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
169	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
170	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
171	soft-float everything else should be affected.
172
17320170826:
174	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
175	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
176
17720170825:
178	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
179	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
180	to complete.
181
18220170814:
183	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
184	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
185	${TESTSDIR}.
186
187	Behavioral changes:
188	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
189	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
190	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
191	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
192
193	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
194	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
195	sandbox if successful.
196
197	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
198	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
199	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
200	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
201	an unprivileged user.
202
20320170808:
204	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
205	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
206	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
207	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
208	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
209	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
210	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
211	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
212	forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
213	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
214	to which you should answer yes.
215
21620170728:
217	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
218	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
219	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
220	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
221	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
222
22320170722:
224	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
225	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
226	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
227
22820170701:
229	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
230	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
231
23220170625:
233	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
234	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
235	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
236	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
237	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
238	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
239	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
240
24120170623:
242	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
243	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
244	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
245	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
246	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
247	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
248
24920170620:
250	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
251	if you require the GPL compiler.
252
25320170618:
254	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
255	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
256	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
257
25820170617:
259	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
260	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
261	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
262	followed.
263
26420170531:
265	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
266	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
267	from ports (and recommends to install it).
268	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
269	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
270	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
271
27220170524:
273	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
274	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
275	which only require one chipset support.
276
277	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
278
279	if_ath_load="YES"
280
281	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
282	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
283	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
284
285	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
286	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
287
288	* load ath_hal
289	* load the chip modules in question
290	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
291	* load ath_main
292	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
293	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
294
295	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
296
29720170523:
298	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
299	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
300	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
301
302	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
303	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
304	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
305
306	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
307	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".   Then, carefully follow the
308	full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
309	everything and install it on the current system."  Specifically,
310	a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
311	installing world.
312
31320170424:
314	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
315	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
316	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
317
31820170420:
319	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
320	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
321	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
322
32320170413:
324	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
325	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
326	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
327	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
328	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
329	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
330	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
331
33220170407:
333	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
334	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
335	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
336	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
337
33820170405:
339	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
340	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
341	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
342
34320170331:
344	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
345	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
346	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
347
34820170329:
349	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
350	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
351
352	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
353	via one of the following methods:
354	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
355	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
356	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
357	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
358
359	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
360
36120170316:
362	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
363	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
364	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
365	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
366	with mmc.ko).
367
36820170315:
369	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
370	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
371	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
372	be prefixed with colon.
373
37420170311:
375	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
376	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
377	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
378
37920170302:
380	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
381	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
382	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
383
38420170221:
385	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
386	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
387	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
388	change.
389
39020170216:
391	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
392	valid.
393
39420170215:
395	MCA bus support has been removed.
396
39720170127:
398	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
399	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
400
40120170112:
402	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
403	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
404
40520170109:
406	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
407	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
408	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
409
41020161217:
411	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
412	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
413	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
414
41520161124:
416	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
417	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
418	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
419
42020161119:
421	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
422	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
423	that link against it need to be recompiled.
424
42520161030:
426	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
427	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
428	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
429	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
430
43120161017:
432	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
433	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
434	parts.
435	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
436	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
437
43820161015:
439	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
440	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
441	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
442	removed from base.
443
44420161008:
445	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
446	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
447	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
448
44920161003:
450	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
451	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
452
45320160924:
454	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
455	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
456	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
457	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
458
45920160918:
460	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
461	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
462	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
463	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
464	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
465
46620160918:
467	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
468
46920160908:
470	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
471	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
472	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
473	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
474
47520160824:
476	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
477	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
478	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
479	to 1200005.
480
48120160818:
482	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
483	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
484	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
485	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
486	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
487	0.
488
48920160818:
490	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
491	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
492
49320160622:
494	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
495	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
496	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
497	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
498	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
499	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
500	kernel.
501
50220160527:
503	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
504	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
505	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
506	previously contained a line like
507	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
508	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
509	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
510	generally be fine.
511
51220160523:
513	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
514	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
515	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
516	built with the old headers.
517
51820160520:
519	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
520	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
521	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
522	installing a new libc.
523
52420160517:
525	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
526	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
527	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
528	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
529	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
530	packages will be needed.
531
532	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
533	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
534	and the install steps.
535
53620160510:
537	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
538	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
539	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
540	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
541	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
542	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
543
54420160414:
545	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
546	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
547	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
548	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
549	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
550
551		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
552		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
553		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
554		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
555		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
556
557	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
558	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
559	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
560	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
561	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
562	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
563	vendors work.
564
565	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
566	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
567		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
568	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
569	quirks entry to 0x3.
570
57120160330:
572	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
573	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
574	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
575
57620160317:
577	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
578	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
579
58020160311:
581	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
582	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
583	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
584	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
585	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
586	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
587	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
588	stale .depend files.
589
59020160306:
591	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
592	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
593	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
594	rebooting, e.g.:
595
596	make buildworld
597	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
598	make -C sys/boot install
599	<reboot in single user>
600
601	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
602	below.
603
60420160305:
605	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
606	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
607	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
608
60920160301:
610	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
611	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
612	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
613	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
614	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
615	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
616
61720160226:
618	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
619	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
620	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
621	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
622	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
623
62420160129:
625	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
626	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
627	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
628	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
629	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
630
63120160119:
632	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
633	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
634
63520160113:
636	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
637	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
638	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
639
64020151216:
641	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
642	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
643	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
644	other loaders.
645
64620151211:
647	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
648	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
649	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
650	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
651	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
652	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
653
65420151207:
655	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
656	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
657	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
658	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
659	in src.conf(5).
660
66120151130:
662	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
663	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
664	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
665
66620151108:
667	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
668	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
669	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
670
671	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
672	collation results will be different.
673
674	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
675	locales before running make installworld.
676
677	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
678
67920151030:
680	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
681	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
682
68320151020:
684	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
685	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
686	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
687
68820151017:
689	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
690	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
691	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
692	and 'make -N' will not.
693
69420151012:
695	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
696	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
697	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
698	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
699	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
700	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
701	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
702	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
703
70420151011:
705	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
706	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
707	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
708	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
709
71020151006:
711	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
712	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
713	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
714
71520150924:
716	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
717	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
718	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
719	userland debug files.
720
721	When using the supported kernel installation method the
722	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
723	as is done with /boot/kernel.
724
725	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
726	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
727
72820150827:
729	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
730	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
731	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
732	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
733	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
734	rc.d scripts in /etc.
735
73620150827:
737	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
738	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
739	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
740
74120150817:
742	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
743	them, the kernel must have
744
745	device	random
746	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
747
748	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
749	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
750	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
751	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
752
753	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
754	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
755
75620150813:
757	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
758	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
759	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
760
76120150810:
762	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
763	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
764	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
765	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
766
767	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
768	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
769	difference with this change.
770
771	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
772	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
773	remove that workaround.
774
77520150809:
776	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
777	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
778	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
779	with:
780
781	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
782
78320150806:
784	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
785	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
786	loader.rc.local instead.
787
78820150805:
789	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
790	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
791	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
792
79320150728:
794	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
795	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
796	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
797
798	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
799	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
800
80120150706:
802	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
803	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
804	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
805	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
806	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
807	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
808	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
809	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
810	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
811	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
812	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
813	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
814
81520150630:
816	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
817	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
818
819	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
820	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
821	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
822
823	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
824	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
825
826	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
827	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
828	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
829
830	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
831	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
832	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
833	and it is assumed you know what you need.
834
835	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
836	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
837	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
838	behaviour from your security subsystems.
839
840	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
841	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
842	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
843	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
844	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
845	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
846	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
847	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
848	will never happen.
849
85020150623:
851	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
852	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
853
85420150616:
855	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
856	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
857
85820150615:
859	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
860	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
861	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
862	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
863	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
864
86520150614:
866	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
867	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
868	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
869	with Kyuafile and kyua.
870
87120150614:
872	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
873	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
874	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
875	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
876	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
877	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
878	2048 bit DH parameter by:
879
880	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
881	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
882	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
883	   replace it with '2'.
884	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
885	   a file path, create a new file with:
886		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
887	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
888		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
889	5. Restart sendmail:
890		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
891
892	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
893	updated.
894
89520150604:
896	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
897	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
898	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
899	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
900	5.x.
901
902	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
903
90420150525:
905	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
906	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
907	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
908
90920150521:
910	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
911	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
912	and Pandaboard:
913
914	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
915	  same but content is different now
916	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
917	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
918	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
919	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
920	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
921
92220150501:
923	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
924	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
925	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
926
92720150423:
928	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
929	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
930
93120150415:
932	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
933	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
934
93520150416:
936	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
937	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
938	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
939
94020150324:
941	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
942	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
943	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
944	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
945
94620150315:
947	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
948	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
949	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
950
95120150307:
952	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
953	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
954	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
955	kernel before rebooting.
956
95720150217:
958	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
959	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
960	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
961	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
962	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
963	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
964
96520150210:
966	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
967	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
968	with the new kernel.
969
97020150131:
971	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
972	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
973	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
974
97520150118:
976	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
977	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
978	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
979	are not already using 3.5.0.
980
98120150107:
982	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
983	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
984	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
985	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
986	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
987
98820150105:
989	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
990	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
991	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
992	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
993
99420150102:
995	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
996	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
997
99820141231:
999	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1000
1001	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1002	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1003	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1004	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1005	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1006	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1007	later.
1008
1009	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1010	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1011	of the box.
1012
1013	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1014	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1015	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1016	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1017
1018	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1019	the instructions for 9.x above.
1020
1021	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1022	default, and do not build clang.
1023
1024	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1025	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1026	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1027
1028	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1029	the following are most likely to appear:
1030
1031	-Wabsolute-value
1032
1033	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1034	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1035	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1036	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1037	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1038	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1039	  cast, or disable the warning.
1040
1041	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1042	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1043	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1044	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1045	  side-effects.
1046
1047	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1048	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1049
1050	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1051	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1052	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1053	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1054
1055	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1056	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1057	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1058	unreachable could be optimized away.
1059
106020141222:
1061	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1062	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1063	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1064	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1065	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1066	the utilities will report errors.
1067
106820141121:
1069	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1070	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1071	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1072	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1073	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1074	LOCAL_DIRS.
1075
107620141109:
1077	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1078	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1079
108020141104:
1081	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1082	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1083	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1084	drivers.
1085
1086	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1087	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1088	indicate what you need to do.
1089
1090	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1091	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1092	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1093
1094	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1095	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1096	  kern.vty=sc
1097
109820141102:
1099	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1100	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1101	execute it.
1102
110320141009:
1104	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1105	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1106	devel/gperf port.
1107
110820140923:
1109	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1110	contrib/pjdfstest .
1111
111220140922:
1113	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1114	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1115	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1116	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1117	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1118	their next update cycle.
1119
112020140729:
1121	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1122	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1123	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1124	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1125	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1126
112720140723:
1128	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1129	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1130
113120140719:
1132	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1133	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1134	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1135	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1136	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1137	new configuration.
1138
113920140709:
1140	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1141	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1142	them again.
1143	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1144
114520140708:
1146	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1147	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1148	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1149	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1150	requires readline.
1151
115220140702:
1153	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1154	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1155	architecture.
1156
115720140701:
1158	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1159	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1160	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1161	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1162	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1163
116420140629:
1165	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1166	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1167	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1168
116920140619:
1170	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1171	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1172	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1173
117420140606:
1175	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1176	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1177	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1178	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1179	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1180	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1181	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1182	"make installworld".
1183
1184	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1185	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1186	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1187	is run.
1188
1189	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1190	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1191	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1192	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1193	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1194
119520140512:
1196	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1197
119820140508:
1199	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1200	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1201	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1202
120320140505:
1204	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1205	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1206	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1207	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1208	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1209	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1210	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1211	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1212	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1213	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1214	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1215	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1216
1217	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1218	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1219	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1220	as well.
1221
122220140430:
1223	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1224	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1225
122620140424:
1227	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1228	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1229	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1230	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1231	build hosts for older releases.
1232
1233	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1234	r276991, respectively.
1235
123620140418:
1237	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1238	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1239	will silently lack HESIOD.
1240
124120140405:
1242	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1243	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1244	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1245	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1246	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1247	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1248	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1249	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1250	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1251	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1252	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1253	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1254
125520140306:
1256	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1257	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1258	with command line option -W.
1259
126020140226:
1261	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1262	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1263	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1264	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1265	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1266
126720140216:
1268	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1269
127020140216:
1271	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1272	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1273
127420140212:
1275	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1276	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1277	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1278	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1279	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1280
128120140204:
1282	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1283	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1284	kernel is still highly recommended.
1285
128620140131:
1287	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1288	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1289	capability mode support in kernel.
1290
129120140128:
1292	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1293	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1294	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1295	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1296	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1297
129820140110:
1299	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1300	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1301	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1302	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1303	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1304	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1305
130620131213:
1307	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1308	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1309	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1310	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1311	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1312	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1313	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1314	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1315	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1316
131720131108:
1318	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1319	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1320	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1321	should change your settings to use the latter.
1322
132320131025:
1324	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1325	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1326	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1327	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1328	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1329
133020131014:
1331	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1332	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1333	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1334	delete-old-libs":
1335	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1336	  or
1337	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1338
133920131010:
1340	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1341	revision r256279.
1342
134320131010:
1344	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
1345	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
1346	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
1347	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
1348	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
1349	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
1350
1351	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
1352	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
1353	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
1354	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
1355	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
1356	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
1357
1358	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
1359	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
1360	with an integer.
1361
136220130930:
1363	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
1364	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
1365	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
1366	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
1367
1368	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
1369	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
1370	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
1371	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
1372
137320130916:
1374	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
1375	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1376	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1377
137820130911:
1379	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
1380	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
1381	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
1382	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
1383
138420130906:
1385	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
1386	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
1387	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
1388	options in src.conf.
1389
139020130905:
1391	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
1392	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
1393	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
1394	'options PROCDESC'.
1395
139620130905:
1397	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
1398	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
1399	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
1400	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
1401	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
1402	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
1403
140420130903:
1405	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
1406	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
1407	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
1408
140920130821:
1410	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
1411	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
1412	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
1413
141420130813:
1415	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
1416	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
1417	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
1418	compatibility.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
1419	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
1420	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
1421
142220130806:
1423	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
1424	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
1425	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
1426	explicitly.
1427	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
1428	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
1429	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
1430	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
1431	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
1432
143320130806:
1434	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
1435	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
1436	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
1437	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
1438	to r253970 or later.
1439
144020130802:
1441	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
1442	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
1443	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
1444	would result:
1445
1446	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
1447
1448	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
1449	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
1450	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
1451	old as well as the new version of find.
1452
145320130726:
1454	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
1455	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
1456	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
1457	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
1458	subdirectories must be reviewed.
1459
146020130716:
1461	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
1462	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
1463	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1464
1465	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
1466
1467	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
1468	users are advised to upgrade.
1469
147020130709:
1471	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
1472	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
1473
147420130709:
1475	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
1476	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
1477	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
1478
147920130618:
1480	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
1481	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
1482	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
1483	write access to that file.
1484
148520130615:
1486	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
1487	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
1488
148920130613:
1490	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
1491
1492		make: illegal option -- J
1493		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
1494			...
1495		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
1496
1497	this likely due to an old instance of make in
1498	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
1499	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
1500	you see the above error:
1501
1502		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
1503
1504	should resolve it.
1505
150620130516:
1507	Use bmake by default.
1508	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
1509	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
1510	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
1511
1512	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
1513	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
1514	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
1515	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
1516	behavior in parallel build.
1517
151820130429:
1519	Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
1520
152120130426:
1522	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
1523	the IDEA patent expired.
1524
152520130426:
1526	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
1527	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
1528	enabled by default.
1529
153020130425:
1531	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1532	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
1533	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
1534	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
1535	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
1536	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
1537	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
1538	&& make install).
1539
154020130404:
1541	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
1542	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
1543	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
1544	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
1545	and removed.
1546
154720130319:
1548	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
1549	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
1550	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
1551	binaries will not work on older kernels.
1552
155320130308:
1554	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
1555	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
1556
155720130304:
1558	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
1559	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
1560	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
1561	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
1562	is requested.
1563
1564	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
1565	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
1566	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
1567	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
1568	in /boot/loader.conf.
1569
157020130301:
1571	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
1572	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
1573	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
1574	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
1575	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
1576
157720130208:
1578	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
1579	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
1580
1581	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1582	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1583
158420130129:
1585	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
1586	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
1587	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
1588	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
1589	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
1590
159120130121:
1592	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
1593	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
1594	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
1595	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
1596	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
1597	/etc/src.conf.
1598
159920130118:
1600	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
1601	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
1602	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
1603	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
1604	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
1605	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
1606	use is expected to be extremely rare.
1607
160820121223:
1609	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
1610	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
1611	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
1612
161320121222:
1614	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
1615	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
1616	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
1617	be updated.
1618
161920121217:
1620	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
1621	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
1622	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
1623
1624		savecore_flags=""
1625
162620121201:
1627	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
1628	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1629	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1630
163120121117:
1632	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
1633	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
1634	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
1635	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1636	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
1637	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
1638
163920121105:
1640	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
1641	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
1642	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
1643	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
1644	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
1645	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
1646	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
1647	branch point).
1648
164920121102:
1650	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
1651	functionality now turned on by default.
1652
165320121023:
1654	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
1655	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
1656	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
1657	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
1658	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
1659	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
1660	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
1661	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
1662	of the two kernel options.
1663
166420121023:
1665	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
1666	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
1667	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
1668	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
1669
167020121022:
1671	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
1672	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
1673	recompiled.
1674
167520121018:
1676	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
1677	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
1678	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
1679
168020121016:
1681	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
1682	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
1683	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
1684	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
1685	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
1686
168720121015:
1688	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
1689	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
1690	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
1691	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
1692
169320121014:
1694	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
1695
169620121013:
1697	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
1698	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
1699	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
1700	knob has also gone.
1701
170220121006:
1703	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
1704	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
1705	with new kernel.
1706
170720121001:
1708	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
1709	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
1710	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
1711
171220120913:
1713	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
1714	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
1715	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
1716	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
1717	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
1718	configurations.
1719
172020120908:
1721	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
1722	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
1723
172420120828:
1725	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
1726	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
1727	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
1728	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
1729	manual page.
1730
173120120727:
1732	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
1733	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
1734	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
1735
173620120712:
1737	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
1738	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
1739	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
1740
174120120712:
1742	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
1743	with other variables:
1744	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
1745	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
1746
174720120628:
1748	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
1749	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
1750	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
1751	installed as "bsdsort".
1752
175320120611:
1754	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1755	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1756	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1757	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1758	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1759	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1760	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1761	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1762	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1763
176420120417:
1765	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1766	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
1767	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1768	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1769	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
1770	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1771	NAMESPACE section).
1772
177320120328:
1774	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
1775	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
1776	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1777	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
1778	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1779	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1780	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1781
178220120306:
1783	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1784	platforms.
1785
178620120229:
1787	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
1788	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1789	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1790	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1791	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1792	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1793
179420120211:
1795	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1796	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1797	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
1798	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1799	comes from 20111215.
1800
180120120114:
1802	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
1803	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1804	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1805	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1806
1807	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1808	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1809
181020120109:
1811	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1812	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1813	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1814	tunable/sysctl.
1815	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1816
181720111215:
1818	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1819	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1820	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1821	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1822	not supported anymore.
1823
1824	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1825	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1826	need to be recompiled.
1827
182820111122:
1829	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1830	/dev/wmistat0.
1831
183220111108:
1833	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1834	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1835	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1836	time.
1837
183820111101:
1839	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1840	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1841
184220110930:
1843	sysinstall has been removed
1844
184520110923:
1846	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1847	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1848
1849COMMON ITEMS:
1850
1851	General Notes
1852	-------------
1853	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1854	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1855	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1856	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1857	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1858	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1859	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1860
1861	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1862	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1863	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1864	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1865	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1866
1867	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1868	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1869	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1870	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1871	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1872	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgade from
1873	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1874	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1875	an exception.
1876
1877	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1878	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1879	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1880	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1881
1882	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1883	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1884	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1885	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1886	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1887	should write them with this in mind.
1888
1889	ZFS notes
1890	---------
1891	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1892	these two steps:
1893
1894	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1895	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1896
1897	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1898
1899	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1900	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1901	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1902
1903	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1904
1905	To build a kernel
1906	-----------------
1907	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1908	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1909	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1910
1911	make kernel-toolchain
1912	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1913	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1914
1915	To test a kernel once
1916	---------------------
1917	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1918	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1919	debugging information) run
1920	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1921	nextboot -k testkernel
1922
1923	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1924	-----------------------------------------------------------
1925	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1926	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1927
1928	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1929	make buildworld
1930	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1931	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1932							[1]
1933	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1934	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1935	make installworld
1936	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1937	make delete-old					[6]
1938	<reboot>
1939
1940	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1941	--------------------------------------------------
1942	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1943	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1944	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1945	# size.
1946
1947	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1948	<boot into -stable>
1949	make buildworld
1950	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1951	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1952	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1953	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1954	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1955	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1956	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1957	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1958	<reboot into current>
1959	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1960	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1961	<reboot>
1962
1963
1964	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1965	----------------------------------------------
1966	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1967	make buildworld					[9]
1968	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1969							[1]
1970	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1971	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1972	make installworld
1973	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1974	make delete-old					[6]
1975	<reboot>
1976
1977	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1978	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1979	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1980	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1981	the UPDATING entries.
1982
1983	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1984	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1985	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1986	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1987	much fewer pitfalls.
1988
1989	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1990	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1991	system on reboot.
1992
1993	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1994		fsck -p
1995		mount -u /
1996		mount -a
1997		cd src
1998		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1999	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2000	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2001
2002	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2003	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2004	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2005	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2006	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2007	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2008	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2009
2010	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
2011	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2012	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2013	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2014	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2015	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2016
2017	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2018	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2019	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2020
2021	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2022	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2023	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2024	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2025	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
2026	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2027
2028	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2029	last time you updated your kernel config file.
2030
2031	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2032	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2033	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2034
2035	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2036	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2037	warn if it is improperly defined.
2038FORMAT:
2039
2040This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2041breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2042list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2043If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2044to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2045
2046Copyright information:
2047
2048Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
2049
2050Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2051modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2052document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2053
2054THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2055IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2056WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2057DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2058INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2059(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2060SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2061HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2062STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2063IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2064POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2065
2066Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2067this document.
2068
2069$FreeBSD$
2070