1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook. 8 9Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 10/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 11 12NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 9.x IS SLOW: 13 FreeBSD 9.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 14 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 15 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 16 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 17 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 18 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 19 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 20 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 21 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 22 machines to maximize performance. (To disable malloc debugging, run 23 ln -s aj /etc/malloc.conf.) 24 2520100725: 26 The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new 27 aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file. 28 2920100722: 30 BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by 31 default. It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses 32 less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase. 33 However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly 34 noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable 35 but not significant. The reason is complex, the most important factor 36 is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU 37 overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally. Future work 38 on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime, 39 users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by 40 setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob. 41 4220100713: 43 Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel 44 configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this: 45 machine powerpc powerpc 46 47 In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels 48 after this change. 49 5020100713: 51 A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD. 52 This version uses a python library for the following subcommands: 53 zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace. 54 For full functionality of these commands the following port must 55 be installed: sysutils/py-zfs 56 5720100429: 58 'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes. 59 Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 60 time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size 61 of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold 62 and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 63 6420100402: 65 WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there 66 are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also 67 affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the 68 compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions 69 WITH_CTF=yes"). 70 When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored, 71 so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead 72 to unwanted behavior. 73 7420100311: 75 The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32 76 to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel 77 configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must 78 be modified accordingly. 79 8020100113: 81 The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx, 82 the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX. 83 Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match, 84 making it practically impossible to support both interfaces. 85 The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1), 86 last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8). 87 88 All applications in the base system use utmpx. This means only 89 local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these 90 utmp database files. These applications must be rebuilt to make 91 use of utmpx. 92 93 After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old 94 log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*), 95 assuming their contents is of no importance anymore. Old wtmp 96 databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have 97 been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1). 98 9920100108: 100 Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled 101 via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the 102 sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues. 103 10420091202: 105 The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and 106 rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed. 107 According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc 108 variables are obsoleted. Instead, the following new rc 109 variables are added to rc.d/ipfw: 110 111 firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6, 112 firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6, 113 firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6 114 115 The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables. 116 11720091125: 118 8.0-RELEASE. 119 12020091113: 121 The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed 122 from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98. This means 123 that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct 124 operation of applications on the console. 125 126 The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using 127 vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag. The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration 128 options can be used to change the compile-time default back to 129 cons25. 130 131 To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment 132 variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being 133 performed by syscons(4). 134 13520091109: 136 The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed. 137 Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8)) 138 from net80211 need to be recompiled. 139 140 Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world 141 build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the 142 new structure. 143 14420091025: 145 The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series. 146 There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw" 147 to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware 148 images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for 149 your wireless card, use the the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or 150 iwn5150fw. 151 15220090926: 153 The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated 154 into rc.d/netif. The changes are the following: 155 156 1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF 157 for IPv4. For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used. 158 Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head. 159 160 Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not 161 understand what you are doing. It is not needed in most cases. 162 163 $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but 164 they are obsolete. 165 166 2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete. Use $ipv6_prefer and 167 "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead. 168 169 If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and 170 all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the 171 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. These are for backward compatibility. 172 173 3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added. If NO, IPv6 174 functionality of interfaces with no corresponding 175 $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag, 176 and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 177 is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details). 178 Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the 179 disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by 180 using ifconfig(8) like: 181 182 ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled 183 184 If YES, the default address selection policy is set as 185 IPv6-preferred. 186 187 The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO. 188 189 4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages, 190 define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6. The rc(8) 191 scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes 192 UP. The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC 193 (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration). 194 19520090922: 196 802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the 197 previous code, which was based on D3.0. 198 19920090912: 200 A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value 201 of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to 202 control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not. 203 Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and 204 a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value. 205 The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags. 206 20720090910: 208 ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for 209 mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them. 210 21120090825: 212 The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by 213 hw.bus.devctl_queue. hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be 214 replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0. The default for this new tunable 215 is 1000. 216 21720090813: 218 Remove the option STOP_NMI. The default action is now to use NMI only 219 for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and 220 maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64. 221 22220090803: 223 The stable/8 branch created in subversion. This corresponds to the 224 RELENG_8 branch in CVS. 225 22620090719: 227 Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not 228 use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle. Bump 229 __FreeBSD_version to 800105. 230 23120090714: 232 Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support, 233 all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled. As this change 234 breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104. 235 23620090713: 237 The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove 238 struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack. 239 The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and 240 needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks 241 the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103. 242 24320090712: 244 Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in 245 <netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst 246 maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump 247 __FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of 248 any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 249 25020090630: 251 The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel 252 RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations 253 may need to be adjusted. 254 25520090629: 256 The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been 257 removed. All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using 258 routing sockets. The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced 259 with routing sockets. 260 26120090628: 262 The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook, 263 FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under 264 the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc. 265 26620090624: 267 The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been 268 changed. As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel 269 options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 270 800100. 271 27220090622: 273 Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were 274 moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled. Bump 275 __FreeBSD_version to 800099. 276 27720090619: 278 NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024 279 respectively. As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used, 280 no changes should be visible. When more than 16 groups are used, old 281 binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with 282 statically sized storage. Recompiling will work around this, but 283 applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage 284 for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's 285 number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did. 286 287 NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is 288 truncated to 16. Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should 289 take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported 290 file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based 291 authentication method is used. 292 29320090616: 294 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced. This 295 option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs 296 which want to enable it. The lockinit() function now accepts the flag 297 LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive 298 spinning when both held in write and read mode. 299 30020090613: 301 The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has 302 changed. User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt. 303 30420090611: 305 The layout of struct thread has changed. Kernel and modules need to 306 be rebuilt. 307 30820090608: 309 The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed. 310 Kernel modules need to be rebuilt. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097. 311 31220090602: 313 window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be 314 installed from ports. The port is called misc/window. 315 31620090601: 317 The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has 318 changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be 319 re-compiled. 320 32120090601: 322 A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8. Network 323 file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be 324 rebuilt. 325 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096. 326 32720090530: 328 Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no 329 more valid. 330 33120090530: 332 Add VOP_ACCESSX(9). File system modules need to be rebuilt. 333 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094. 334 33520090529: 336 Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'. File system modules need to be 337 rebuilt. 338 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093. 339 34020090528: 341 The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been 342 introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic. 343 The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags: 344 SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has 345 been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic. 346 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092. 347 34820090527: 349 Add support for hierarchical jails. Remove global securelevel. 350 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091. 351 35220090523: 353 The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules 354 need to be rebuilt. 355 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090. 356 35720090523: 358 The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please 359 run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime. 360 36120090520: 362 The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to 363 hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases. 364 36520090520: 366 802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed. 367 Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead 368 of DLT_IEEE802_11. No user-visible data structures were changed but 369 applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes. 370 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088. 371 37220090430: 373 The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid, 374 socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet, 375 vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw. Most modules need to be rebuild or 376 panics may be experienced. World rebuild is required for 377 correctly checking networking state from userland. 378 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085. 379 38020090429: 381 MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 382 to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 383 The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely 384 follows the IPv4 implementation. 385 386 For kernel developers: 387 388 * The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and 389 ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK, 390 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 391 392 * As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering 393 of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport 394 protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and 395 SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6. 396 397 * The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by 398 the IPv4 stack, with the following differences: 399 * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter(). 400 * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup() 401 are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively. 402 * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed. 403 * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs 404 for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to 405 jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node 406 multicast membership on-link. 407 * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters 408 its report transmissions. However, the 'timer' argument is 409 preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface. 410 411 * The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has 412 been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4 413 stack. 414 Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships 415 internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new 416 semantics. 417 418 * There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope() 419 acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output(). 420 Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an 421 implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD. 422 423 For application developers: 424 425 * The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4 426 stack. 427 428 * The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same 429 socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported. 430 431 * There are a number of issues with the implementation of various 432 IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface 433 before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland 434 use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment. 435 436 * The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM 437 API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API 438 using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information 439 please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for 440 Multicast Source Filters'. 441 442 * Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine. 443 444 For systems administrators: 445 446 * The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in 447 addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted 448 as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility 449 will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as 450 returned by getifaddrs(3). 451 452 * The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2 453 endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3). 454 455 * The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable 456 loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1 457 to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is 458 recommended for optimal system performance. 459 460 * The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl 461 instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping 462 back forwarded datagrams. 463 464 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084. 465 46620090422: 467 Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API. 468 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083. 469 47020090419: 471 The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new 472 memory allocation types, has changed. Most modules will need to 473 be rebuilt or panics may be experienced. 474 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081. 475 47620090415: 477 Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2. 478 This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection 479 state will require a world rebuild. 480 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080. 481 48220090415: 483 Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules 484 embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled. 485 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079. 486 48720090414: 488 The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed. 489 Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled. 490 The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting 491 of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful 492 load balancing. 493 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078. 494 49520090408: 496 Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and 497 apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will 498 re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with 499 kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but 500 not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when 501 low level console functions (such as gets) are used while 502 interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt, 503 mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help. 504 50520090407: 506 The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed; 507 kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled. 508 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075. 509 51020090320: 511 GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices, 512 replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It 513 introduces some changes: 514 515 MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries 516 (EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks 517 to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified. 518 519 BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most 520 cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with 521 disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole 522 top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users. 523 524 General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices 525 whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file 526 systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than 527 the "386BSD" type). 528 529 Most of these changes date approximately from 200812. 530 53120090319: 532 The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows 533 Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface 534 (supported by sane). 535 53620090319: 537 The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1) 538 only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters. 539 The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and 540 ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically 541 compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'. 542 54320090315: 544 Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been 545 removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no 546 longer supported. In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device 547 drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or 548 used. 549 55020090313: 551 POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and 552 a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added. 553 This means that some common libc messages are now localized and 554 they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable. 555 55620090313: 557 The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since 558 support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added. 559 56020090309: 561 IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged 562 to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used. 563 564 For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the 565 ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(), 566 and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex. 567 568 Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering 569 inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source 570 filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose. 571 Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject 572 multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve 573 as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input() 574 low-level input path. in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed 575 to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel. 576 577 For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of 578 multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this 579 will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back 580 datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may 581 be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1 582 to preserve the existing behaviour. 583 584 For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with 585 multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended 586 that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash 587 collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the 588 transport protocol input path to check group membership. 589 590 If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches, 591 it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain 592 enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced 593 via IGMP. 594 595 The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be 596 recompiled to reflect this. 597 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070. 598 59920090309: 600 libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system 601 updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to 602 update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to 603 rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given 604 in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for 605 libusb are no longer required and can be removed. 606 60720090302: 608 A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared 609 memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures. 610 Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member 611 of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is 612 wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly 613 raised to allow such segments to be created. 614 61520090301: 616 The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all 617 network device driver modules. 618 61920090227: 620 The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a 621 buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20. 622 62320090223: 624 The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and 625 module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci, 626 ums, ...). The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name 627 with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed. 628 Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still 629 apply. 630 63120090217: 632 The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to 633 defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have 634 customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to 635 use the new name. 636 63720090216: 638 xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not 639 yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then 640 add 641 Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off" 642 to your ServerLayout section. This will cause X to use the configured 643 kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf. 644 64520090215: 646 The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2 647 stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a 648 problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB 649 stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel 650 that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over, 651 eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi. 652 653 Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be 654 redirected to the new stack's libusb20. /etc/libmap.conf can 655 be used for this: 656 # Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack 657 libusb-0.1.so.8 libusb20.so.1 658 65920090209: 660 All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN 661 (eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often 662 change usb chipsets in a product without notice. 663 66420090203: 665 The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave 666 addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified. 667 All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified 668 slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the 669 same interface. 670 67120090201: 672 INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated. 673 netstat(1) needs to be recompiled. 674 67520090119: 676 NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match 677 GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8) 678 will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is 679 actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security 680 level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case, 681 "options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config. 682 68320090115: 684 TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel. 685 New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to 686 800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in 687 tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled. 688 68920081225: 690 ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem. 691 Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated. 692 New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present 693 in next mpd5.3 release. 694 69520081219: 696 With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of 697 the base system (it was a port). 698 69920081216: 700 The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to 701 rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled. 702 70320081214: 704 __FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite. 705 RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated. 706 The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit 707 architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland 708 applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly. 709 The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and 710 none of the L2 information. 711 71220081130: 713 __FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the 714 binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line: 715 716 options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 717 718 to their kernel config files when specifying: 719 720 device ath_hal 721 722 The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled 723 together with the driver in the ath module. It is now 724 possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips 725 and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details. 726 72720081121: 728 __FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to 729 <machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate 730 multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support 731 them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to 732 enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of 733 packets. 734 73520081117: 736 A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD. 737 This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by 738 default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots, 739 and is the same as Solaris behavior. 740 74120081028: 742 dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled. 743 74420081009: 745 The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have 746 been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module 747 separately through loader.conf you will need to load the 748 appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0 749 controller add the following to loader.conf: 750 751 uhci_load="YES" 752 ehci_load="YES" 753 75420081009: 755 The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed. Please keep 756 userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in 757 sync. 758 75920081009: 760 atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA 761 driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module. 762 All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules: 763 ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek, 764 atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron, 765 atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia, 766 atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia 767 76820080820: 769 The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new 770 implementation, which provides better scalability and an 771 improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to 772 the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following 773 drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer: 774 775 PCI/ISA: 776 cy, digi, rc, rp, sio 777 778 USB: 779 ubser, ucycom 780 781 Line disciplines: 782 ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp 783 784 Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall 785 cause compilation to fail. 786 78720080818: 788 ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5. 789 79020080801: 791 OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1. 792 793 For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA 794 over RSA for host and user authentication keys. With this 795 upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over 796 DSA. This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown 797 host keys even for previously known hosts. Users should 798 follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before 799 accepting the RSA key. 800 801 This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms" 802 option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh 803 command line. 804 805 Please note that the sequence of keys offered for 806 authentication has been changed as well. You may want to 807 specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this 808 behavior. 809 81020080713: 811 The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64 812 kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the 813 default serial port driver on those platforms as well. 814 815 To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver 816 uses different names for its device nodes. This means the 817 onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0" 818 instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to 819 use the new device names. 820 821 When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update 822 /boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel. 823 If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints 824 at the loader prompt: 825 826 set hint.uart.0.at="isa" 827 set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8" 828 set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10" 829 set hint.uart.0.irq="4" 830 boot -s 831 83220080609: 833 The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition 834 disks instead. 835 83620080603: 837 The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2 838 to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries 839 please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and 840 if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list. 841 84220080525: 843 ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to 844 update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries. 845 84620080509: 847 I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables. 848 See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2). 849 This is a hopefully backwards compatible version, 850 but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel 851 with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16). 852 85320080420: 854 The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss 855 operation on devices that are capable. The underlying device 856 is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are 857 cloned with ifconfig. This requires changes to rc.conf files. 858 For example, change: 859 ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP" 860 to 861 wlans_ath0=wlan0 862 ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP" 863 see rc.conf(5) for more details. In addition, mergemaster of 864 /etc/rc.d is highly recommended. Simultaneous update of userland 865 and kernel wouldn't hurt either. 866 867 As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta 868 modules were merged into the base wlan module. All references 869 to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed. 870 87120080408: 872 psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level. 873 Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can 874 be read back from it. Therefore, an application is responsible 875 for status validation and error recovery. It is a no-op in 876 other operation levels. 877 87820080312: 879 Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel. To 880 run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may 881 be used. The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure 882 compatibility with any prior release: 883 884 libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1 885 libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2 886 libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3 887 88820080301: 889 The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm 890 and any executables that link against libkvm and use the 891 kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively, 892 it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1). 893 The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world 894 nonetheless. 895 89620080229: 897 The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the 898 82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The 899 split was done to make new features that are incompatible 900 with older hardware easier to do. 901 90220080220: 903 The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4), 904 likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM. 905 90620080211: 907 The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for 908 increased reliability. If you rely on (insecurely) NFS 909 mounting across a firewall you may need to update your 910 firewall rules. 911 91220080208: 913 Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting 914 mbuf chains. 915 91620080126: 917 The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate 918 integer types for their members and so to be able to cope 919 with huge file trees. The old fts(3) ABI is preserved 920 through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries 921 using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take 922 advantage of the extended types. At the same time, some 923 third-party software might fail to build after this change 924 due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about 925 fts(3) structure members. Such software should be fixed 926 by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree. 927 FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely 928 case that a portable fix is impossible. 929 93020080123: 931 To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running 932 FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE. Upgrading to -current 933 from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems. 934 93520071128: 936 The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its 937 functionality is the default now. 938 93920071118: 940 The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on 941 by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun 942 keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have 943 to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven 944 by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.: 945 946 Option "XkbLayout" "us" 947 Option "XkbRules" "xorg" 948 Option "XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us" 949 95020071024: 951 It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI 952 backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the 953 PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was 954 broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the 955 20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of 956 PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to 957 provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that 958 IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled 959 again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils 960 nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt 961 however. 962 96320071020: 964 The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed 965 to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already 966 used kproc_start().. 967 I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while 968 with implementations that actually create threads, not procs. 969 Renaming corresponds with version 800002. 970 97120071010: 972 RELENG_7 branched. 973 974COMMON ITEMS: 975 976 General Notes 977 ------------- 978 Avoid using make -j when upgrading. While generally safe, there are 979 sometimes problems using -j to upgrade. If your upgrade fails with 980 -j, please try again without -j. From time to time in the past there 981 have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld. This 982 is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one 983 that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when 984 several months have passed on the -current branch). 985 986 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 987 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 988 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 989 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 990 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 991 992 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best 993 to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, 994 then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade 995 path, and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try 996 this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade. 997 998 ZFS notes 999 --------- 1000 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 1001 these two steps: 1002 1003 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1004 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1005 1006 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 1007 1008 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 1009 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0: 1010 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0" 1011 1012 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1013 1014 To build a kernel 1015 ----------------- 1016 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1017 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1018 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1019 1020 make kernel-toolchain 1021 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1022 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1023 1024 To test a kernel once 1025 --------------------- 1026 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1027 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1028 debugging information) run 1029 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1030 nextboot -k testkernel 1031 1032 To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up 1033 -------------------------------------------------------------- 1034 This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system. Replace 1035 ${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386", 1036 "arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc). 1037 1038 cd src/sys/${arch}/conf 1039 config KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1040 cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE 1041 make depend 1042 make 1043 make install 1044 1045 If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section. 1046 1047 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1048 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1049 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1050 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1051 1052 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1053 make buildworld 1054 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1055 [1] 1056 <reboot in single user> [3] 1057 mergemaster -p [5] 1058 make installworld 1059 make delete-old 1060 mergemaster -i [4] 1061 <reboot> 1062 1063 1064 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1065 -------------------------------------------------- 1066 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1067 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1068 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1069 # size. 1070 1071 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1072 <boot into -stable> 1073 make buildworld 1074 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1075 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1076 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1077 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1078 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1079 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1080 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1081 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1082 <reboot into current> 1083 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1084 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1085 <reboot> 1086 1087 1088 To upgrade in-place from 8.x-stable to current 1089 ---------------------------------------------- 1090 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1091 make buildworld [9] 1092 make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1093 [1] 1094 <reboot in single user> [3] 1095 mergemaster -p [5] 1096 make installworld 1097 make delete-old 1098 mergemaster -i [4] 1099 <reboot> 1100 1101 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1102 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1103 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1104 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1105 the UPDATING entries. 1106 1107 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1108 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1109 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1110 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1111 much fewer pitfalls. 1112 1113 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 1114 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 1115 system on reboot. 1116 1117 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1118 fsck -p 1119 mount -u / 1120 mount -a 1121 cd src 1122 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1123 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 1124 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 1125 1126 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1127 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1128 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1129 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1130 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1131 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 1132 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 1133 1134 [5] Usually this step is a noop. However, from time to time 1135 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1136 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 1137 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 1138 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 1139 from current before 20020224 or from -stable before 20020408. 1140 1141 [8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to 1142 do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in 1143 your kernel. Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is 1144 hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is 1145 required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels. And so on 1146 for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7. 1147 1148 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1149 last time you updated your kernel config file. 1150 1151 [9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have 1152 cvs prune empty directories. 1153 1154 If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1155 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1156 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1157 1158 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1159 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1160 warn if it is improperly defined. 1161FORMAT: 1162 1163This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1164breakages in tracking -current. Not all things will be listed here, 1165and it only starts on October 16, 2004. Updating files can found in 1166previous releases if your system is older than this. 1167 1168Copyright information: 1169 1170Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh. All Rights Reserved. 1171 1172Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1173modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1174document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1175 1176THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1177IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1178WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1179DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1180INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1181(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1182SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1183HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1184STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1185IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1186POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1187 1188Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1189this document. 1190 1191$FreeBSD$ 1192