xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 4d6047edb675e52b8fad57135ab3ded8e66d0dac)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
26	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
27	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920201216:
30	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
31	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
32	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
33	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
34
3520201215:
36	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
37	may be installed from ports or packages.
38
3920201124:
40	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
41	See ping(8) for details.
42
4320201108:
44	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
45	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
46	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
4720201030:
48	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
49	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
50	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
51	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
52	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
53
5420201026:
55	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
56	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
57	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
58	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
59	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
60	find.
61
6220200923:
63	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
64	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
65	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
66	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
67
68	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
69	command you want to un-auger the tree is
70		cd sys/amd64/conf
71		svn revert -R .
72	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
73	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
74
7520200824:
76	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
77	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
78	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
79	unless you  want to use new features.
80
81	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
82	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
83	rebuilding world may fail.
84
85	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
86	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
87
88	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
89	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
90	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
91	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
92
9320200824:
94	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
95	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
96	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
97	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
98
9920200821:
100	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
101	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
102	sources.
103
10420200817:
105	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
106	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
107
10820200816:
109	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
110	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
111	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
112	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
113
11420200810:
115	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
116	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
117	from sources, so a version bump was done.
118
11920200807:
120	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
121	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
122	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
123	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
124
12520200729:
126	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
127	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
128	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
129	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
130	continue to function.
131
132	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
133	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
134	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
135	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
136
13720200627:
138	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
139	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
140	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
141	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
142	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
143	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
144	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
145
14620200625:
147	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
148	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
149
15020200613:
151	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
152	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
153	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
154
15520200604:
156	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
157	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
158	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
159	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
160
161	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
162	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
163	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
164	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
165	/root/.shrc.
166
16720200523:
168	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
169	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
170	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
171	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
172
17320200512:
174	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
175	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
176
17720200424:
178	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
179	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
180	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
181	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
182	be functional without closefrom(2).
183
18420200414:
185	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
186	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
187	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
188	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
189	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
190	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
191
19220200310:
193	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
194	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
195	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
196	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
197
19820200309:
199	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
200	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
201	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
202
20320200301:
204	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
205
20620200229:
207	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
208	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
209	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
210
21120200229:
212	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
213	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
214
21520200229:
216	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
217	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
218	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
219	ports or packages.
220
22120200220:
222	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
223	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
224	ncurses.
225
22620200217:
227	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
228	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
229	together with their new kernel.
230
23120200212:
232	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
233	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
234	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
235
236	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
237	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
238
23920200108:
240	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
241	linker for riscv64.
242
24320200107:
244	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
245	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
246	external toolchain package.
247
24820200104:
249	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
250	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
251	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
252	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
253	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
254
25520200102:
256	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
257	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
258	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
259	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
260
26120191226:
262	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
263	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
264	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
265	ABI.
266
26720191226:
268	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
269
27020191222:
271	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
272	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
273	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
274	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
275
27620191212:
277	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
278	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
279	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
280
28120191205:
282	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
283	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
284	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
285	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
286	differences between those included in the port and those included in
287	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
288	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
289	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
290
29120191120:
292	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
293	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
294	for automounting.
295
29620191107:
297	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
298	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
299	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
300	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
301	add superio to the set.
302
30320191021:
304	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
305	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
306
30720191021:
308	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
309	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
310	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
311	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
312	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
313	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
314	completely in the future.
315
31620191009:
317	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
318	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
319	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
320	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
321	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
322	will be removed from the list.
323
32420191009:
325	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
326	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
327	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
328	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
329
33020191003:
331	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
332	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
333	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
334	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
335
33620190913:
337	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
338	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
339	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
340	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
341
34220190823:
343	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
344	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
345	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
346
34720190727:
348	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
349	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
350	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
351	your scripts, because they had no effect.
352
353	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
354	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
355	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
356	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
357	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
358
35920190713:
360	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
361	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
362	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
363	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
364	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
365	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
366	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
367
36820190620:
369	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
370	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
371	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
372	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
373
37420190612:
375	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
376	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
377	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
378	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
379
38020190608:
381	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
382	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
383	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
384
38520190513:
386	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
387	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
388	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
389	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
390	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
391	avoid running into the limit.
392
39320190507:
394	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
395	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
396
39720190507:
398	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
399	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
400	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
401	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
402	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
403	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
404
40520190418:
406	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
407	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
408	entropy:
409
410	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
411	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
412	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
413	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
414	availability properties.
415
416	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
417	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
418	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
419	initial condition, if desired.
420
421	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
422	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
423
424	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
425	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
426	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
427	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
428
42920190416:
430	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
431	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
432	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
433	therefore unblocked).
434
43520190404:
436	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
437	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
438	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
439	is added to the command line.
440	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
441	not affected and should continue to work.
442
44320190320:
444	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
445	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
446	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
447	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
448
44920190304:
450	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
451	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
452	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
453	or higher.
454
45520190226:
456	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
457	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
458	kernel config.
459
46020190219:
461	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
462	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
463	migrating to the drm ports.
464
46520190131:
466	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
467	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
468	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
469	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
470	is loaded automatically.
471
47220190125:
473	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
474	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
475	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
476	kernel config files.
477
47820181230:
479	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
480	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
481	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
482	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
483
48420181220:
485	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
486	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
487	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
488	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
489	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
490	most NFSv4 mounts.
491
49220181219:
493	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
494	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
495	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
496
497	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
498	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
499
500	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
501	removed from the mips port.
502
50320181211:
504	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
505	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
506	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
507	or higher.
508
50920181211:
510	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
511	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
512
51320181126:
514	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
515	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
516	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
517	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
518
51920181123:
520	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
521	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
522	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
523
52420181115:
525	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
526	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
527	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
528	FreeBSD versions.
529
53020181110:
531	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
532	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
533	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
534
535	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
536	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
537	being included using the command:
538		$ newsyslog -Nrv
539
54020181015:
541	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
542	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
543	drm-legacy-kmod.
544
545	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
546	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
547	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
548	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
549	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
550	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
551	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
552	that as you will get better support.
553
554	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
555	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
556	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
557	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
558
559	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
560	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
561	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
562	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
563	shortly.
564
56520181012:
566	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
567	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
568	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
569	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
570	be adjusted as necessary.
571
57220181009:
573	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
574	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
575	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
576	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
577
57820181006:
579	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
580	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
581	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
582	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
583	encouraged.
584
58520181002:
586	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
587	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
588	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
589	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
590	nda device name.
591
59220180913:
593	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
594	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
595	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
596	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
597	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
598	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
599
60020180826:
601	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
602	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
603	default since FreeBSD-11.
604
60520180822:
606	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
607	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
608	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
609
61020180818:
611	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
612	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
613	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
614	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
615	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
616	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
617	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
618
619	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
620	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
621
62220180815:
623	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
624	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
625	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
626	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
627	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
628	may not be observed in a future release.
629
63020180808:
631	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
632	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
633	your environment.
634
63520180731:
636	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
637	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
638	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
639	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
640
64120180730:
642	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
643	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
644	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
645	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
646	runtime services.
647
64820180727:
649	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
650	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
651	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
652
65320180723:
654	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
655	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
656	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
657	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
658	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
659
66020180720:
661	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
662	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
663	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
664	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
665	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
666	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
667
66820180719:
669	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
670	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
671	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
672	boot_serial=YES
673	boot_multicons=YES
674	in /boot/loader.conf
675	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
676	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
677	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
678
67920180719:
680	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
681	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
682	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
683	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
684	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
685	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
686	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
687	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
688	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
689	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
690	by the ntpd user.
691
69220180717:
693	Big endian arm support has been removed.
694
69520180711:
696	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
697	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
698	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
699	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
700	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
701
70220180705:
703	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
704	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
705	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
706	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
707	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
708	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
709
71020180702:
711	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
712	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
713
71420180701:
715	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
716	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
717	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
718	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
719	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
720	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
721	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
722
72320180630:
724	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
725	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
726	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
727	or higher.
728
72920180628:
730	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
731	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
732	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
733	file.
734
73520180612:
736	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
737	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
738
73920180530:
740	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
741	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
742	longer necessary.
743
74420180530:
745	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
746	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
747	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
748	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
749
75020180523:
751	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
752	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
753	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
754	later than r334108.
755
75620180517:
757	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
758	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
759	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
760	it must be removed.
761
76220180510:
763	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
764	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
765	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
766	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
767	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
768	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
769	will go away.
770
771	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
772	workaround is necessary.
773
77420180508:
775	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
776	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
777	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
778	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
779
78020180504:
781	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
782	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
783	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
784	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
785	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
786
78720180502:
788	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
789	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
790	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
791	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
792
79320180501:
794	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
795	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
796	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
797	be removed.
798
79920180413:
800	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
801	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
802	removed.
803
80420180411:
805	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
806	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
807	removed.
808
80920180406:
810	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
811	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
812	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
813	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
814	microseconds and time zone offsets.
815
816	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
817	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
818	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
819	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
820	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
821	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
822	adjustments, depending on the software used.
823
824	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
825	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
826
827		source src {
828			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
829		}
830
831	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
832	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
833	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
834
835		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
836
837	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
838	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
839	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
840	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
841	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
842	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
843	thus expected to continue to function as before.
844
845	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
846	change.
847
84820180328:
849	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
850	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
851	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
852
85320180323:
854	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
855	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
856	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
857	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
858	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
859	should be as simple as:
860
861		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
862		$ make depend all install
863
86420180212:
865	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
866	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
867	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
868	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
869	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
870	provisions for backup boot methods.
871
87220180211:
873	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
874	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
875	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
876	imp@freebsd.org.
877
87820180114:
879	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
880	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
881	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
882	or higher.
883
88420180110:
885	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
886	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
887	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
888
889	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
890	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
891
89220180110:
893	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
894	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
895	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
896	remove it from kernel config files.
897
89820180104:
899	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
900	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
901	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
902
903	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
904	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
905
90620180102:
907	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
908	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
909	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
910	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
911
91220171215:
913	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
914	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
915
91620171214:
917	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
918	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
919	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
920	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
921
92220171125:
923	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
924	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
925	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
926	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
927	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
928	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
929
93020171110:
931	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
932	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
933	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
934
93520171106:
936	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
937	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
938	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
939	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
940	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
941
94220171102:
943	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
944	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
945	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
946	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
947	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
948	environment.
949
95020171101:
951	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
952	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
953	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
954	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
955	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
956	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
957	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
958	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
959	than hardcoding paths.
960
96120171028:
962	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
963	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
964	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
965
96620171021:
967	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
968	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
969	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
970	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
971
97220171010:
973	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
974	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
975
97620171005:
977	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
978	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
979	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
980	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
981
98220171003:
983	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
984	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
985	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
986	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
987	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
988
98920170912:
990	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
991	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
992	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
993	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
994	/etc/ctl.conf .
995
99620170912:
997	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
998	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
999	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1000	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1001	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1002
100320170826:
1004	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1005	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1006
100720170825:
1008	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1009	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1010	to complete.
1011
101220170814:
1013	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1014	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1015	${TESTSDIR}.
1016
1017	Behavioral changes:
1018	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1019	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1020	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1021	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1022
1023	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1024	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1025	sandbox if successful.
1026
1027	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1028	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1029	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1030	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1031	an unprivileged user.
1032
103320170808:
1034	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1035	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1036	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1037	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1038	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1039	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1040	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1041	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1042	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1043	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1044	to which you should answer yes.
1045
104620170728:
1047	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1048	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1049	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1050	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1051	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1052
105320170722:
1054	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1055	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1056	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1057
105820170701:
1059	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1060	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1061
106220170625:
1063	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1064	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1065	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1066	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1067	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1068	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1069	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1070
107120170623:
1072	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1073	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1074	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1075	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1076	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1077	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1078
107920170620:
1080	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1081	if you require the GPL compiler.
1082
108320170618:
1084	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1085	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1086	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1087
108820170617:
1089	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1090	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1091	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1092	followed.
1093
109420170531:
1095	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1096	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1097	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1098	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1099	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1100	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1101
110220170524:
1103	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1104	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1105	which only require one chipset support.
1106
1107	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1108
1109	if_ath_load="YES"
1110
1111	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1112	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1113	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1114
1115	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
1116	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1117
1118	* load ath_hal
1119	* load the chip modules in question
1120	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1121	* load ath_main
1122	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1123	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1124
1125	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1126
112720170523:
1128	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1129	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1130	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1131
1132	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1133	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1134	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1135
1136	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1137	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1138	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1139	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1140	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1141	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1142	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1143	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1144
114520170424:
1146	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1147	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1148	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1149
115020170420:
1151	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1152	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1153	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1154
115520170413:
1156	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1157	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1158	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1159	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1160	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1161	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1162	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1163
116420170407:
1165	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1166	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1167	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1168	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1169
117020170405:
1171	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1172	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1173	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1174
117520170331:
1176	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1177	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1178	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1179
118020170329:
1181	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1182	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1183
1184	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1185	via one of the following methods:
1186	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1187	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1188	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1189	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1190
1191	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1192
119320170316:
1194	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1195	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1196	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1197	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1198	with mmc.ko).
1199
120020170315:
1201	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1202	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1203	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1204	be prefixed with colon.
1205
120620170311:
1207	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1208	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1209	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1210
121120170302:
1212	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1213	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1214	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1215
121620170221:
1217	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1218	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1219	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1220	change.
1221
122220170216:
1223	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1224	valid.
1225
122620170215:
1227	MCA bus support has been removed.
1228
122920170127:
1230	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1231	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1232
123320170112:
1234	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1235	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1236
123720170109:
1238	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1239	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1240	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1241	configuration.
1242
124320161217:
1244	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1245	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1246	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1247
124820161124:
1249	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1250	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1251	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1252
125320161119:
1254	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1255	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1256	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1257
125820161030:
1259	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1260	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1261	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1262	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1263
126420161017:
1265	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1266	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1267	parts.
1268	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1269	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1270
127120161015:
1272	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1273	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1274	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1275	removed from base.
1276
127720161008:
1278	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1279	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1280	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1281
128220161003:
1283	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1284	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1285
128620160924:
1287	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1288	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1289	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1290	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1291
129220160918:
1293	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1294	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1295	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1296	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1297	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1298
129920160918:
1300	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1301
130220160908:
1303	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1304	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1305	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1306	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1307
130820160824:
1309	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1310	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1311	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1312	to 1200005.
1313
131420160818:
1315	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1316	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1317	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1318	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1319	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1320	0.
1321
132220160818:
1323	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1324	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1325
132620160708:
1327	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1328
132920160622:
1330	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1331	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1332	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1333	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1334	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1335	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1336	kernel.
1337
133820160527:
1339	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1340	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1341	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1342	previously contained a line like
1343	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1344	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1345	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1346	generally be fine.
1347
134820160523:
1349	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1350	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1351	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1352	built with the old headers.
1353
135420160520:
1355	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1356	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1357	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1358	installing a new libc.
1359
136020160517:
1361	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1362	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1363	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1364	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1365	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1366	packages will be needed.
1367
1368	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1369	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1370	and the install steps.
1371
137220160510:
1373	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1374	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1375	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1376	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1377	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1378	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1379
138020160414:
1381	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1382	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1383	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1384	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1385	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1386
1387		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1388		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1389		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1390		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1391		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1392
1393	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1394	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1395	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1396	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1397	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1398	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1399	vendors work.
1400
1401	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1402	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1403		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1404	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1405	quirks entry to 0x3.
1406
140720160330:
1408	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1409	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1410	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1411
141220160317:
1413	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1414	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1415
141620160311:
1417	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1418	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1419	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1420	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1421	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1422	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1423	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1424	stale .depend files.
1425
142620160306:
1427	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1428	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1429	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1430	rebooting, e.g.:
1431
1432	make buildworld
1433	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1434	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1435	make -C sys/boot install
1436	<reboot in single user>
1437
1438	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1439	below.
1440
144120160305:
1442	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1443	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1444	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1445
144620160301:
1447	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1448	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1449	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1450	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1451	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1452	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1453
145420160226:
1455	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1456	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1457	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1458	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1459	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1460
146120160129:
1462	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1463	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1464	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1465	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1466	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1467
146820160119:
1469	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1470	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1471
147220160113:
1473	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1474	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1475	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1476
147720151216:
1478	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1479	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1480	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1481	other loaders.
1482
148320151211:
1484	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1485	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1486	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1487	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1488	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1489	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1490
149120151207:
1492	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1493	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1494	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1495	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1496	in src.conf(5).
1497
149820151130:
1499	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1500	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1501	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1502
150320151108:
1504	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1505	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1506	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1507
1508	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1509	collation results will be different.
1510
1511	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1512	locales before running make installworld.
1513
1514	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1515
151620151030:
1517	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1518	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1519
152020151020:
1521	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1522	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1523	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1524
152520151017:
1526	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1527	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1528	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1529	and 'make -N' will not.
1530
153120151012:
1532	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1533	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1534	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1535	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1536	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1537	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1538	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1539	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1540
154120151011:
1542	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1543	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1544	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1545	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1546
154720151006:
1548	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1549	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1550	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1551
155220150924:
1553	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1554	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1555	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1556	userland debug files.
1557
1558	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1559	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1560	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1561
1562	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1563	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1564
156520150827:
1566	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1567	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1568	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1569	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1570	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1571	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1572
157320150827:
1574	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1575	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1576	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1577
157820150817:
1579	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1580	them, the kernel must have
1581
1582	device	random
1583	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1584
1585	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1586	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1587	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1588	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1589
1590	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1591	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1592
159320150813:
1594	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1595	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1596	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1597
159820150810:
1599	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1600	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1601	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1602	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1603
1604	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1605	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1606	difference with this change.
1607
1608	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1609	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1610	remove that workaround.
1611
161220150809:
1613	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1614	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1615	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1616	with:
1617
1618	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1619
162020150806:
1621	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1622	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1623	loader.rc.local instead.
1624
162520150805:
1626	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1627	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1628	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1629
163020150728:
1631	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1632	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1633	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1634
1635	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1636	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1637
163820150706:
1639	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1640	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1641	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1642	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1643	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1644	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1645	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1646	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1647	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1648	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1649	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1650	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1651
165220150630:
1653	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1654	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1655
1656	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1657	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1658	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1659
1660	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1661	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1662
1663	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1664	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1665	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1666
1667	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1668	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1669	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1670	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1671
1672	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1673	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1674	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1675	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1676
1677	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1678	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1679	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1680	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1681	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1682	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1683	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1684	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1685	will never happen.
1686
168720150623:
1688	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1689	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1690
169120150616:
1692	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1693	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1694
169520150615:
1696	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1697	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1698	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1699	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1700	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1701
170220150614:
1703	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1704	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1705	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1706	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1707
170820150614:
1709	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1710	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1711	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1712	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1713	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1714	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1715	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1716
1717	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1718	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1719	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1720	   replace it with '2'.
1721	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1722	   a file path, create a new file with:
1723		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1724	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1725		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1726	5. Restart sendmail:
1727		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1728
1729	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1730	updated.
1731
173220150604:
1733	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1734	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1735	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1736	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1737	5.x.
1738
1739	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1740
174120150525:
1742	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1743	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1744	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1745
174620150521:
1747	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1748	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1749	and Pandaboard:
1750
1751	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1752	  same but content is different now
1753	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1754	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1755	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1756	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1757	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1758
175920150501:
1760	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1761	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1762	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1763
176420150423:
1765	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1766	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1767
176820150415:
1769	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1770	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1771
177220150416:
1773	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1774	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1775	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1776
177720150324:
1778	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1779	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1780	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1781	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1782
178320150315:
1784	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1785	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1786	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1787
178820150307:
1789	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1790	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1791	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1792	kernel before rebooting.
1793
179420150217:
1795	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1796	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1797	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1798	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1799	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1800	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1801
180220150210:
1803	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1804	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1805	with the new kernel.
1806
180720150131:
1808	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1809	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1810	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1811
181220150118:
1813	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1814	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1815	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1816	are not already using 3.5.0.
1817
181820150107:
1819	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1820	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1821	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1822	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1823	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1824
182520150105:
1826	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1827	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1828	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1829	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1830
183120150102:
1832	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1833	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1834
183520141231:
1836	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1837
1838	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1839	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1840	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1841	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1842	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1843	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1844	later.
1845
1846	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1847	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1848	of the box.
1849
1850	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1851	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1852	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1853	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1854
1855	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1856	the instructions for 9.x above.
1857
1858	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1859	default, and do not build clang.
1860
1861	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1862	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1863	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1864
1865	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1866	the following are most likely to appear:
1867
1868	-Wabsolute-value
1869
1870	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1871	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1872	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1873	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1874	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1875	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1876	  cast, or disable the warning.
1877
1878	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1879	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1880	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1881	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1882	  side-effects.
1883
1884	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1885	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1886
1887	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1888	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1889	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1890	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1891
1892	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1893	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1894	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1895	unreachable could be optimized away.
1896
189720141222:
1898	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1899	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1900	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1901	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1902	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1903	the utilities will report errors.
1904
190520141121:
1906	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1907	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1908	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1909	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1910	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1911	LOCAL_DIRS.
1912
191320141109:
1914	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1915	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1916
191720141104:
1918	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1919	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1920	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1921	drivers.
1922
1923	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1924	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1925	indicate what you need to do.
1926
1927	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1928	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1929	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1930
1931	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1932	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1933	  kern.vty=sc
1934
193520141102:
1936	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1937	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1938	execute it.
1939
194020141009:
1941	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1942	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1943	devel/gperf port.
1944
194520140923:
1946	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1947	contrib/pjdfstest .
1948
194920140922:
1950	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1951	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1952	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1953	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1954	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1955	their next update cycle.
1956
195720140729:
1958	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1959	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1960	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1961	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1962	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1963
196420140723:
1965	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1966	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1967
196820140719:
1969	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1970	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1971	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1972	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1973	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1974	new configuration.
1975
197620140709:
1977	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1978	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1979	them again.
1980	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1981
198220140708:
1983	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1984	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1985	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1986	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1987	requires readline.
1988
198920140702:
1990	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1991	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1992	architecture.
1993
199420140701:
1995	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1996	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1997	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1998	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1999	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2000
200120140629:
2002	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
2003	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
2004	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
2005
200620140619:
2007	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
2008	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
2009	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
2010
201120140606:
2012	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
2013	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
2014	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
2015	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
2016	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
2017	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
2018	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
2019	"make installworld".
2020
2021	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
2022	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
2023	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
2024	is run.
2025
2026	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
2027	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
2028	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
2029	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
2030	be removed during a clean upgrade.
2031
203220140512:
2033	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
2034
203520140508:
2036	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
2037	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
2038	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
2039
204020140505:
2041	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
2042	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
2043	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
2044	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
2045	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
2046	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
2047	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
2048	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
2049	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
2050	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
2051	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
2052	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
2053
2054	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
2055	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
2056	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
2057	as well.
2058
205920140430:
2060	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
2061	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
2062
206320140424:
2064	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
2065	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
2066	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
2067	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
2068	build hosts for older releases.
2069
2070	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
2071	r276991, respectively.
2072
207320140418:
2074	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
2075	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
2076	will silently lack HESIOD.
2077
207820140405:
2079	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
2080	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
2081	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
2082	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
2083	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
2084	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
2085	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
2086	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
2087	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
2088	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
2089	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
2090	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
2091
209220140306:
2093	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
2094	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
2095	with command line option -W.
2096
209720140226:
2098	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
2099	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
2100	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
2101	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
2102	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
2103
210420140216:
2105	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
2106
210720140216:
2108	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
2109	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
2110
211120140212:
2112	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
2113	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
2114	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
2115	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
2116	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
2117
211820140204:
2119	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
2120	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
2121	kernel is still highly recommended.
2122
212320140131:
2124	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
2125	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
2126	capability mode support in kernel.
2127
212820140128:
2129	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
2130	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
2131	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
2132	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
2133	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
2134
213520140110:
2136	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
2137	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
2138	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
2139	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
2140	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
2141	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
2142
214320131213:
2144	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
2145	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
2146	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
2147	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
2148	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
2149	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
2150	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
2151	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
2152	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
2153
215420131108:
2155	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
2156	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
2157	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
2158	should change your settings to use the latter.
2159
216020131025:
2161	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
2162	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
2163	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
2164	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
2165	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
2166
216720131014:
2168	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
2169	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
2170	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
2171	delete-old-libs":
2172	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
2173	  or
2174	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
2175
217620131010:
2177	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
2178	revision r256279.
2179
2180COMMON ITEMS:
2181
2182	General Notes
2183	-------------
2184	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2185	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2186	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2187	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2188	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2189	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2190	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2191	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2192
2193	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2194	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2195	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2196	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2197	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2198	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2199	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2200	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2201	an exception.
2202
2203	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2204	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2205	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2206	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2207	step.
2208
2209	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2210	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2211	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2212	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2213
2214	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2215	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2216	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2217	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2218	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2219	should write them with this in mind.
2220
2221	ZFS notes
2222	---------
2223	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2224	these two steps:
2225
2226	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2227	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2228
2229	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2230
2231	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the
2232	freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2233	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0"
2234	The value $N will typically be 1 (if booting from BIOS) or 2 (if
2235	booting from EFI).
2236
2237	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2238
2239	To build a kernel
2240	-----------------
2241	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2242	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2243	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2244
2245	make kernel-toolchain
2246	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2247	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2248
2249	To test a kernel once
2250	---------------------
2251	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2252	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2253	debugging information) run
2254	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2255	nextboot -k testkernel
2256
2257	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2258	-----------------------------------------------------------
2259	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2260	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2261
2262	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2263	make buildworld
2264	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2265	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2266							[1]
2267	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2268	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2269	make installworld
2270	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2271	make delete-old					[6]
2272	<reboot>
2273
2274	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2275	--------------------------------------------------
2276	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2277	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2278	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2279	# size.
2280
2281	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2282	<boot into -stable>
2283	make buildworld
2284	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2285	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2286	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2287	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2288	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2289	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2290	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2291	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2292	<reboot into current>
2293	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2294	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2295	<reboot>
2296
2297
2298	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2299	----------------------------------------------
2300	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2301	make buildworld					[9]
2302	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2303	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2304							[1]
2305	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2306	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2307	make installworld
2308	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2309	make delete-old					[6]
2310	<reboot>
2311
2312	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2313	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2314	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2315	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2316	the UPDATING entries.
2317
2318	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2319	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2320	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2321	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2322	much fewer pitfalls.
2323
2324	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
2325	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2326	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2327	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2328	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2329	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2330	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2331	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2332	and effective, eg:
2333	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2334
2335	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2336		fsck -p
2337		mount -u /
2338		mount -a
2339		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2340		cd src			# full path to source
2341		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2342	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2343	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2344
2345	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2346	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2347	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2348	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2349	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2350	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2351	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2352
2353	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2354	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2355	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2356	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2357	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2358	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2359
2360	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2361	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2362	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2363
2364	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2365	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2366	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2367	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2368	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2369	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2370	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2371	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2372
2373	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2374	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2375	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2376	for these as well.
2377
2378	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2379	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2380	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2381
2382	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2383	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2384	warn if it is improperly defined.
2385FORMAT:
2386
2387This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2388breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2389list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2390If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2391to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2392
2393Copyright information:
2394
2395Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2396
2397Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2398modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2399document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2400
2401THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2402IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2403WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2404DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2405INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2406(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2407SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2408HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2409STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2410IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2411POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2412
2413Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2414this document.
2415
2416$FreeBSD$
2417