1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users. 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook: 8 9 https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld 10 11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 12/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before updating system packages 13and/or ports. 14 15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 14.x IS SLOW: 16 FreeBSD 14.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 17 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 18 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 19 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 20 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 21 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 22 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 23 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 24 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 25 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc 26 debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild 27 world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality 28 at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".) 29 3020230113: 31 LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled. 32 Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change. 33 3420221212: 35 llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump. Previously there was 36 no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used. 37 38 Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to 39 GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU 40 objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package. 41 4220221205: 43 dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta. For people willing 44 to reenable sendmail(8): 45 46 $ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf 47 48 and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf. 49 5020221204: 51 hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by 52 default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach 53 the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying 54 the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one 55 needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set 56 the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false). 57 58 NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues 59 6020221122: 61 pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'. 62 These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as 63 'scrub fragment reassemble'. 64 6520221121: 66 The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed. When Clang is enabled 67 it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp). 68 6920221026: 70 Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended 71 for pkgbase users to do: 72 73 pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \ 74 FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch 75 76 after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously 77 installed. 78 7920220610: 80 LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version 81 before re-compiling to avoid errors. 82 8320211230: 84 The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND) 85 have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1. 86 Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to 87 be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to 88 reflect this change. 89 9020211214: 91 A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by 92 themselves. A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this. 93 9420211209: 95 Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of 96 mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in 97 the coming days and weeks. 98 99 This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build 100 or touch 101 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def 102 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def 103 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def 104 lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def 105 before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to. 106 10720211202: 108 Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is 109 by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault 110 statement in unbound.conf: 111 local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault 112 113 Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice. 114 115 The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375: 116 Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured 117 using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way 118 to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer 119 belongs. Consequently, users may experience surprising results with 120 such names when roaming to different homenets. 121 12220211110: 123 Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so 124 that any of the included congestion control modules could be 125 the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno 126 was automatically built in through direct reference. As of 127 this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion 128 control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a 129 default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\"). 130 The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno 131 as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the 132 kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will 133 fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail. 134 13520211118: 136 Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the 137 tree shortly. 138 13920211106: 140 Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE. 141 The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out 142 of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE 143 may need to be modified. 144 14520211022: 146 The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed. 147 The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4) 148 support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option. 149 15020211020: 151 sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user. To force root to use 152 the csh shell, please run the following command as root: 153 154 # chsh -s csh 155 15620211004: 157 Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses 158 with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link 159 to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect 160 this change. 161 16220210923: 163 As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the 164 ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such 165 users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the 166 list of modules to load on their systems. 167 16820210922: 169 As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly 170 new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more 171 information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports: 172 audio/freebsd-13-mixer 173 17420210911: 175 As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has 176 been deleted from the nfscommon.ko. As such, nfsd.ko must be built 177 from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when 178 being loaded. 179 18020210817: 181 As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS 182 by default. Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL 183 option. This can be enabled globally by using a custom 184 OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an 185 application-specific configuration option for applications 186 which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3). 187 18820210811: 189 Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS 190 modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources. 191 19220210730: 193 Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl. 194 As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean 195 users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel 196 past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32. 197 19820210729: 199 As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer 200 change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the 201 MTU on all member interfaces instead. 202 20320210716: 204 Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon 205 and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources. 206 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change. 207 20820210715: 209 The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has 210 been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you 211 installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new 212 kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset 213 script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is 214 to update your sources past the above hash and do 215 % cd usr.bin/awk 216 % make clean all 217 % sudo -E make install 218 to enable building kernels again. 219 22020210708: 221 Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS 222 modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources. I did not 223 bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently. 224 22520210707: 226 awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215. 227 This contains a number of minor bug fixes. 228 22920210624: 230 The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4 231 supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0, 232 for NFSv4 mounts. 233 The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default. 234 23520210618: 236 Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes. 237 Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies 238 (mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI 239 additions and others. 240 24120210618: 242 The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been 243 renamed to "untrusted". 244 24520210611: 246 svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason 247 please install the svn package or port. 248 24920210611: 250 Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc 251 and nfsserver. As such, both modules must be rebuilt from 252 sources. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022. 253 25420210610: 255 The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD. 256 25720210608: 258 The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to 259 start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see 260https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html 261 for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The 262 short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally: 263 git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs 264 (assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd'). 265 26620210525: 267 Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI 268 which break drm-kmod. In addition various other additions where 269 committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to 270 detect this. 271 27220210513: 273 Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL 274 libraries and utilities are packaged. 275 It is recommended for pkgbase user to do: 276 pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl 277 before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met 278 and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore 279 on the system. 280 28120210426: 282 Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between 283 the nfsd and nfscommon modules. As such these modules 284 need to be rebuilt from sources. 285 Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling 286 delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero 287 is not recommended. 288 28920210411: 290 Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between 291 the krpc and NFS. As such, the krpc, nfscommon and 292 nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources. 293 Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not 294 be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid 295 needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs. 296 29720210330: 298 Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it 299 handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661. 300 Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects" 301 mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts. 302 30320210225: 304 For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position 305 Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default. It may be 306 disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob. A clean build is required. 307 30820210128: 309 Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM. 310 Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003 311 update. 312 31320210108: 314 PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of 315 wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only 316 PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this 317 since it was bumped so recently. 318 31920210107: 320 Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB 321 code in to separate subsystem. Kernel configs which include one of 322 ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should 323 be updated with adding of "device hid" line. 324 32520210105: 326 ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar 327 enabled version. Incremental build is broken for that change, so it 328 requires a clean build. 329 33020201223: 331 The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary 332 instructions can be found at 333 https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md 334 and other documents in that repo. 335 33620201216: 337 The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic 338 services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough 339 that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to 340 12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154. 341 34220201215: 343 Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed. GDB (including kgdb) 344 may be installed from ports or packages. 345 34620201124: 347 ping6 has been merged into ping. It can now be called as "ping -6". 348 See ping(8) for details. 349 35020201108: 351 Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0. 352 If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all 353 interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1. 354 35520201030: 356 The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been 357 extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else, 358 and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements. 359 Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line 360 number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files. 361 36220201026: 363 All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd, 364 have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the 365 jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After 366 make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full 367 functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't 368 find. 369 37020200923: 371 LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES 372 files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases. 373 find sys -name LINT\* -delete 374 is suggested across this commit to remove the generated LINT files. 375 376 If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn 377 command you want to un-auger the tree is 378 cd sys/amd64/conf 379 svn revert -R . 380 and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64' 381 above with where the error message indicates a conflict. 382 38320200824: 384 OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until 385 the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against 386 'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent 387 unless you want to use new features. 388 389 Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many 390 scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without 391 rebuilding world may fail. 392 393 The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS 394 upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot. 395 396 Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module 397 to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by 398 zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until 399 you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files. 400 40120200824: 402 The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system 403 rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with 404 other use. The old notification will be created as well, but 405 will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0. 406 40720200821: 408 r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the 409 NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from 410 sources. 411 41220200817: 413 r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules. 414 As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources. 415 41620200816: 417 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 418 been upgraded to 11.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 419 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 420 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 421 42220200810: 423 r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS 424 modules. As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt 425 from sources, so a version bump was done. 426 42720200807: 428 Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in 429 20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links 430 to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries 431 with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process. 432 43320200729: 434 r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably, 435 extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be 436 accepted. An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in 437 ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to 438 continue to function. 439 440 Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error 441 from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that 442 you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether 443 successful or not) and run installworld once more. 444 44520200627: 446 A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This 447 implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc 448 and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions, 449 is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs 450 (a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further 451 languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the 452 world with the previous versions of bc and dc. 453 45420200625: 455 r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules. 456 As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources. 457 45820200613: 459 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any 460 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt. 461 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt. 462 46320200604: 464 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may 465 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the 466 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if 467 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1. 468 469 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if 470 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and 471 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example 472 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and 473 /root/.shrc. 474 47520200523: 476 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 477 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 478 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 479 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 480 48120200512: 482 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system. 483 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions. 484 48520200424: 486 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a 487 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration, 488 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as 489 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not 490 be functional without closefrom(2). 491 49220200414: 493 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID 494 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present. 495 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and 496 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to 497 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to 498 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition. 499 50020200310: 501 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 502 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 503 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 504 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 505 50620200309: 507 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree. 508 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting. 509 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port. 510 51120200301: 512 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree. 513 51420200229: 515 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree 516 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and 517 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port. 518 51920200229: 520 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind 521 is used by all supported CPU architectures. 522 52320200229: 524 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC, 525 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available. 526 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain 527 ports or packages. 528 52920200220: 530 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI 531 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to 532 ncurses. 533 53420200217: 535 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed. 536 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE 537 together with their new kernel. 538 53920200212: 540 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB, 541 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update 542 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required. 543 544 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should 545 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no. 546 54720200108: 548 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default 549 linker for riscv64. 550 55120200107: 552 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures. 553 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an 554 external toolchain package. 555 55620200104: 557 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1 558 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX 559 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a 560 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options. 561 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31. 562 56320200102: 564 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The 565 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid. 566 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default 567 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7. 568 56920191226: 570 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures. 571 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64 572 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing 573 ABI. 574 57520191226: 576 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable. 577 57820191222: 579 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 580 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 581 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 582 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 583 58420191212: 585 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the 586 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded 587 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this. 588 58920191205: 590 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been 591 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8) 592 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package 593 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be 594 differences between those included in the port and those included in 595 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update 596 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the 597 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port. 598 59920191120: 600 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be 601 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available 602 for automounting. 603 60420191107: 605 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus. 606 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then 607 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers 608 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should 609 add superio to the set. 610 61120191021: 612 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed. 613 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel. 614 61520191021: 616 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of 617 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by 618 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open 619 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of 620 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not 621 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed 622 completely in the future. 623 62420191009: 625 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of 626 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If 627 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for 628 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe 629 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they 630 will be removed from the list. 631 63220191009: 633 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 634 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 635 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 636 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 637 63820191003: 639 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from 640 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding 641 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES", 642 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively. 643 64420190913: 645 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them 646 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore 647 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32" 648 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory. 649 65020190823: 651 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency 652 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your 653 scripts. See ping6(8) for details. 654 65520190727: 656 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls 657 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have 658 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from 659 your scripts, because they had no effect. 660 661 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize, 662 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable, 663 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate 664 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to 665 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why. 666 66720190713: 668 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it 669 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640 670 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be 671 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by 672 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the 673 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing 674 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700. 675 67620190620: 677 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional 678 components. The "device random" option has been removed. 679 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable 680 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko). 681 68220190612: 683 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 684 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 685 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 686 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 687 68820190608: 689 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with 690 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules 691 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load. 692 69320190513: 694 User-wired pages now have their own counter, 695 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed 696 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned 697 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user 698 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to 699 avoid running into the limit. 700 70120190507: 702 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring 703 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module. 704 70520190507: 706 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been 707 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or 708 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or 709 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap 710 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel 711 config files to select the tuntap device instead. 712 71320190418: 714 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between 715 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of 716 entropy: 717 718 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set 719 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to 720 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded. 721 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot 722 availability properties. 723 724 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding: 725 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and 726 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this 727 initial condition, if desired. 728 729 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding: 730 Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding. 731 732 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set 733 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are 734 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e., 735 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met. 736 73720190416: 738 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init() 739 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void) 740 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and 741 therefore unblocked). 742 74320190404: 744 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon 745 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and 746 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock" 747 is added to the command line. 748 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are 749 not affected and should continue to work. 750 75120190320: 752 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with 753 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in 754 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and 755 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files. 756 75720190304: 758 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 759 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 760 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 761 or higher. 762 76320190226: 764 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically 765 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the 766 kernel config. 767 76820190219: 769 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see 770 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on 771 migrating to the drm ports. 772 77320190131: 774 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers 775 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require 776 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as 777 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module 778 is loaded automatically. 779 78020190125: 781 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration 782 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively; 783 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom 784 kernel config files. 785 78620181230: 787 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add 788 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously 789 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now 790 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'. 791 79220181220: 793 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport 794 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4 795 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts 796 from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux 797 NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect 798 most NFSv4 mounts. 799 80020181219: 801 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this 802 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition 803 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32). 804 805 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is 806 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones. 807 808 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been 809 removed from the mips port. 810 81120181211: 812 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 813 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 814 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 815 or higher. 816 81720181211: 818 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting 819 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade. 820 82120181126: 822 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld 823 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as 824 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing 825 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package. 826 82720181123: 828 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has 829 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled 830 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN. 831 83220181115: 833 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue) 834 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from 835 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported 836 FreeBSD versions. 837 83820181110: 839 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include 840 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if 841 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'. 842 843 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match 844 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are 845 being included using the command: 846 $ newsyslog -Nrv 847 84820181015: 849 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should 850 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install 851 drm-legacy-kmod. 852 853 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with 854 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need 855 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older 856 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can 857 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the 858 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you 859 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use 860 that as you will get better support. 861 862 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined 863 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base 864 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package 865 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org. 866 867 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add 868 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty 869 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver 870 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current 871 shortly. 872 87320181012: 874 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence, 875 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated 876 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the 877 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must 878 be adjusted as necessary. 879 88020181009: 881 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included 882 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is 883 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value 884 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly. 885 88620181006: 887 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's 888 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5). 889 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5) 890 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly 891 encouraged. 892 89320181002: 894 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on 895 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or 896 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing 897 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the 898 nda device name. 899 90020180913: 901 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for 902 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user, 903 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree 904 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system. 905 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf 906 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD. 907 90820180826: 909 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been 910 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the 911 default since FreeBSD-11. 912 91320180822: 914 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been 915 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update 916 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time. 917 91820180818: 919 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua. 920 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default 921 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set 922 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in 923 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between 924 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default. 925 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi. 926 927 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved 928 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved. 929 93020180815: 931 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other 932 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both 933 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may 934 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your 935 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR 936 may not be observed in a future release. 937 93820180808: 939 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To 940 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in 941 your environment. 942 94320180731: 944 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality 945 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that 946 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts" 947 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed. 948 94920180730: 950 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default. 951 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot. 952 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system 953 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of 954 runtime services. 955 95620180727: 957 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale 958 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were 959 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years. 960 96120180723: 962 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the 963 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the 964 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel 965 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent. 966 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables. 967 96820180720: 969 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader. 970 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your 971 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a 972 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition 973 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old 974 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks). 975 97620180719: 977 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console 978 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader 979 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add : 980 boot_serial=YES 981 boot_multicons=YES 982 in /boot/loader.conf 983 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have 984 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that 985 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer. 986 98720180719: 988 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster 989 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on 990 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before 991 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom 992 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd 993 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or 994 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations. 995 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can 996 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after 997 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible 998 by the ntpd user. 999 100020180717: 1001 Big endian arm support has been removed. 1002 100320180711: 1004 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually 1005 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to 1006 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8) 1007 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify 1008 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment. 1009 101020180705: 1011 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and 1012 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on 1013 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need 1014 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may 1015 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in 1016 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses. 1017 101820180702: 1019 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using 1020 atomics will need to be rebuilt. 1021 102220180701: 1023 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of 1024 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the 1025 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit 1026 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite 1027 only a core file with the highest index in a filename. 1028 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free 1029 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one. 1030 103120180630: 1032 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 1033 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 1034 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 1035 or higher. 1036 103720180628: 1038 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf 1039 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763 1040 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed 1041 file. 1042 104320180612: 1044 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all 1045 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this. 1046 104720180530: 1048 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed 1049 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no 1050 longer necessary. 1051 105220180530: 1053 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll 1054 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding 1055 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will 1056 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch. 1057 105820180523: 1059 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include 1060 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets 1061 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel 1062 later than r334108. 1063 106420180517: 1065 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into 1066 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not 1067 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file 1068 it must be removed. 1069 107020180510: 1071 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a 1072 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default 1073 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However, 1074 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional 1075 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for 1076 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement 1077 will go away. 1078 1079 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no 1080 workaround is necessary. 1081 108220180508: 1083 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g 1084 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and 1085 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device 1086 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed. 1087 108820180504: 1089 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more 1090 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as 1091 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and 1092 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only 1093 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag. 1094 109520180502: 1096 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and 1097 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel 1098 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device 1099 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed. 1100 110120180501: 1102 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface 1103 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous 1104 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must 1105 be removed. 1106 110720180413: 1108 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device 1109 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be 1110 removed. 1111 111220180411: 1113 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device 1114 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be 1115 removed. 1116 111720180406: 1118 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the 1119 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted 1120 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients 1121 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers, 1122 microseconds and time zone offsets. 1123 1124 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to 1125 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging 1126 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no 1127 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are 1128 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system 1129 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration 1130 adjustments, depending on the software used. 1131 1132 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local 1133 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages: 1134 1135 source src { 1136 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol)); 1137 } 1138 1139 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option 1140 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the 1141 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline: 1142 1143 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off") 1144 1145 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local 1146 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to 1147 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems 1148 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these 1149 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the 1150 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are 1151 thus expected to continue to function as before. 1152 1153 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this 1154 change. 1155 115620180328: 1157 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you 1158 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove 1159 it. No device drivers supported token ring. 1160 116120180323: 1162 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog 1163 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously. 1164 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for 1165 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be 1166 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This 1167 should be as simple as: 1168 1169 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs 1170 $ make depend all install 1171 117220180212: 1173 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for 1174 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf. 1175 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a 1176 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been 1177 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make 1178 provisions for backup boot methods. 1179 118020180211: 1181 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically 1182 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers 1183 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and 1184 imp@freebsd.org. 1185 118620180114: 1187 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 1188 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 1189 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 1190 or higher. 1191 119220180110: 1193 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker. 1194 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and 1195 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default. 1196 1197 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set 1198 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes 1199 120020180110: 1201 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded 1202 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was 1203 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to 1204 remove it from kernel config files. 1205 120620180104: 1207 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been 1208 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with 1209 the lacp and loadbalance protocols. 1210 1211 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf: 1212 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1" 1213 121420180102: 1215 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the 1216 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is 1217 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software 1218 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured. 1219 122020171215: 1221 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry. 1222 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always. 1223 122420171214: 1225 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However, 1226 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off 1227 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or 1228 GELI, it might not be a good time to update. 1229 123020171125: 1231 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before 1232 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has 1233 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed 1234 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their 1235 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting. 1236 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue. 1237 123820171110: 1239 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to 1240 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed 1241 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI. 1242 124320171106: 1244 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS 1245 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL 1246 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the 1247 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it. 1248 One known victim is lld prior to r325420. 1249 125020171102: 1251 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object 1252 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if 1253 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary. 1254 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in 1255 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the 1256 environment. 1257 125820171101: 1259 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native 1260 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified 1261 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old 1262 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf, 1263 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building. 1264 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be 1265 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any 1266 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather 1267 than hardcoding paths. 1268 126920171028: 1270 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the 1271 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install 1272 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin. 1273 127420171021: 1275 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT 1276 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined 1277 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will 1278 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system. 1279 128020171010: 1281 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only. 1282 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot. 1283 128420171005: 1285 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now 1286 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system 1287 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add 1288 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build. 1289 129020171003: 1291 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF 1292 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously 1293 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to 1294 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the 1295 desired kernel was never built in the first place. 1296 129720170912: 1298 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will 1299 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel 1300 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who 1301 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in 1302 /etc/ctl.conf . 1303 130420170912: 1305 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point 1306 binaries now always get their shared libraries from 1307 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if 1308 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but 1309 soft-float everything else should be affected. 1310 131120170826: 1312 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous 1313 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options. 1314 131520170825: 1316 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare 1317 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel 1318 to complete. 1319 132020170814: 1321 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to 1322 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from 1323 ${TESTSDIR}. 1324 1325 Behavioral changes: 1326 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified. 1327 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed. 1328 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting 1329 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment. 1330 1331 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute 1332 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the 1333 sandbox if successful. 1334 1335 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as 1336 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time. 1337 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the 1338 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using 1339 an unprivileged user. 1340 134120170808: 1342 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been 1343 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297, 1344 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been 1345 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block. 1346 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later 1347 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem 1348 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block 1349 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in 1350 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it 1351 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS'' 1352 to which you should answer yes. 1353 135420170728: 1355 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services 1356 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in 1357 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable 1358 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the 1359 machine's /etc/rc.conf file. 1360 136120170722: 1362 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0. 1363 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1364 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1365 136620170701: 1367 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the 1368 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system. 1369 137020170625: 1371 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is 1372 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must 1373 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run 1374 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live 1375 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports 1376 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case 1377 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected. 1378 137920170623: 1380 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This 1381 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited 1382 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the 1383 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across 1384 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though 1385 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations. 1386 138720170620: 1388 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC 1389 if you require the GPL compiler. 1390 139120170618: 1392 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules 1393 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to 1394 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together. 1395 139620170617: 1397 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data 1398 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same 1399 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be 1400 followed. 1401 140220170531: 1403 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages 1404 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff 1405 from ports (and recommends to install it). 1406 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the 1407 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or 1408 via pkg install heirloom-doctools. 1409 141020170524: 1411 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for 1412 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems 1413 which only require one chipset support. 1414 1415 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf: 1416 1417 if_ath_load="YES" 1418 1419 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci. 1420 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after 1421 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support. 1422 1423 If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS 1424 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should: 1425 1426 * load ath_hal 1427 * load the chip modules in question 1428 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs 1429 * load ath_main 1430 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular 1431 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done. 1432 1433 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ . 1434 143520170523: 1436 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends 1437 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and 1438 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure. 1439 1440 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the 1441 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the 1442 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world). 1443 1444 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build 1445 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full 1446 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and 1447 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required 1448 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an 1449 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting 1450 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this 1451 upgrade and installworld from single user is required. 1452 145320170424: 1454 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and 1455 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a 1456 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11. 1457 145820170420: 1459 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU 1460 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of 1461 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name. 1462 146320170413: 1464 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when 1465 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with 1466 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state. 1467 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags 1468 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state. 1469 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with 1470 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5). 1471 147220170407: 1473 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default, 1474 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be 1475 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set 1476 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin . 1477 147820170405: 1479 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl 1480 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast 1481 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets. 1482 148320170331: 1484 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now 1485 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail 1486 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail. 1487 148820170329: 1489 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend: 1490 cfiscsi.ko does instead. 1491 1492 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded 1493 via one of the following methods: 1494 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5). 1495 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5). 1496 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support 1497 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5)) 1498 1499 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details. 1500 150120170316: 1502 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko. 1503 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the 1504 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was 1505 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible 1506 with mmc.ko). 1507 150820170315: 1509 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity. 1510 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify 1511 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must 1512 be prefixed with colon. 1513 151420170311: 1515 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been 1516 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version 1517 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware. 1518 151920170302: 1520 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0. 1521 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1522 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1523 152420170221: 1525 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality 1526 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot 1527 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible 1528 change. 1529 153020170216: 1531 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer 1532 valid. 1533 153420170215: 1535 MCA bus support has been removed. 1536 153720170127: 1538 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed 1539 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC. 1540 154120170112: 1542 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that 1543 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications. 1544 154520170109: 1546 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via 1547 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4) 1548 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom 1549 configuration. 1550 155120161217: 1552 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1. 1553 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1554 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1555 155620161124: 1557 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0. 1558 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1559 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1560 156120161119: 1562 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap 1563 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools 1564 that link against it need to be recompiled. 1565 156620161030: 1567 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver, 1568 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware. 1569 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using 1570 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details. 1571 157220161017: 1573 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of 1574 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific 1575 parts. 1576 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name 1577 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B)) 1578 157920161015: 1580 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages: 1581 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. 1582 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was 1583 removed from base. 1584 158520161008: 1586 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control 1587 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the 1588 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.) 1589 159020161003: 1591 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired. 1592 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy. 1593 159420160924: 1595 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed 1596 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is 1597 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file 1598 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so. 1599 160020160918: 1601 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built 1602 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf. 1603 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages: 1604 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. 1605 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base. 1606 160720160918: 1608 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr. 1609 161020160908: 1611 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into 1612 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and 1613 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original 1614 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior. 1615 161620160824: 1617 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace 1618 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be 1619 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped 1620 to 1200005. 1621 162220160818: 1623 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP 1624 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3 1625 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any 1626 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be 1627 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to 1628 0. 1629 163020160818: 1631 Remove the openbsd_poll system call. 1632 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 1633 163420160708: 1635 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406. 1636 1637After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed 1638from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15, 1639entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's 1640UPDATING file. 1641 1642COMMON ITEMS: 1643 1644 General Notes 1645 ------------- 1646 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 1647 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 1648 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 1649 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 1650 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 1651 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race 1652 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please 1653 report a bug if it happens consistently. 1654 1655 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to 1656 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then 1657 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path, 1658 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this 1659 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since 1660 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from 1661 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the 1662 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's 1663 an exception. 1664 1665 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build 1666 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version. 1667 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one 1668 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each 1669 step. 1670 1671 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before 1672 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell 1673 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your 1674 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade. 1675 1676 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes 1677 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted. 1678 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be 1679 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check 1680 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries 1681 should write them with this in mind. 1682 1683 ZFS notes 1684 --------- 1685 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade), 1686 always follow these three steps: 1687 1688 1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 1689 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 1690 1691 2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when 1692 doing a zpool upgrade): 1693 1694 When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot 1695 block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0: 1696 gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0 1697 The value $N will typically be 1. For EFI booting, see EFI notes. 1698 1699 3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old 1700 pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any 1701 zpool upgrade. 1702 1703 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 1704 1705 EFI notes 1706 --------- 1707 1708 There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The 1709 current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using 1710 efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on 1711 deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the 1712 fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy 1713 /boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time 1714 ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless 1715 the ESP has been expanded in the meantime. 1716 1717 Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones 1718 may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different 1719 location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the 1720 mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem. 1721 1722 The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting, 1723 however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the 1724 root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool 1725 since it does not automatically understand some new features. 1726 1727 See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details. 1728 1729 To build a kernel 1730 ----------------- 1731 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 1732 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 1733 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 1734 1735 make kernel-toolchain 1736 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1737 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1738 1739 To test a kernel once 1740 --------------------- 1741 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 1742 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 1743 debugging information) run 1744 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 1745 nextboot -k testkernel 1746 1747 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 1748 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1749 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 1750 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 1751 1752 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1753 make buildworld 1754 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1755 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1756 [1] 1757 <reboot in single user> [3] 1758 etcupdate -p [5] 1759 make installworld 1760 etcupdate -B [4] 1761 make delete-old [6] 1762 <reboot> 1763 1764 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 1765 -------------------------------------------------- 1766 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 1767 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 1768 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 1769 # size. 1770 1771 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1772 <boot into -stable> 1773 make buildworld 1774 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1775 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 1776 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 1777 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC 1778 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 1779 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 1780 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 1781 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 1782 <reboot into current> 1783 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 1784 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 1785 <reboot> 1786 1787 1788 To upgrade in-place from stable to current 1789 ---------------------------------------------- 1790 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 1791 make buildworld [9] 1792 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 1793 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1794 [1] 1795 <reboot in single user> [3] 1796 etcupdate -p [5] 1797 make installworld 1798 etcupdate -B [4] 1799 make delete-old [6] 1800 <reboot> 1801 1802 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 1803 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 1804 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 1805 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 1806 the UPDATING entries. 1807 1808 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 1809 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 1810 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 1811 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 1812 much fewer pitfalls. 1813 1814 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable 1815 them at this point so they don't crash your system on 1816 reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in 1817 your system and install them as well. If you are running -current, you 1818 should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for 1819 your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this 1820 happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding 1821 the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic 1822 and effective, eg: 1823 PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver 1824 1825 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 1826 fsck -p 1827 mount -u / 1828 mount -a 1829 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed 1830 cd src # full path to source 1831 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 1832 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot 1833 into single user mode to do the installworld. 1834 1835 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 1836 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 1837 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 1838 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 1839 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 1840 for potential gotchas. See etcupdate(8) for more information. 1841 1842 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time 1843 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 1844 step. 1845 1846 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 1847 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 1848 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 1849 1850 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an 1851 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's 1852 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for 1853 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure 1854 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A 1855 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run 1856 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries 1857 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed. 1858 1859 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 1860 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also 1861 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels 1862 for these as well. 1863 1864 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 1865 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 1866 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 1867 1868 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 1869 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 1870 warn if it is improperly defined. 1871FORMAT: 1872 1873This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 1874breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete 1875list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011. 1876If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need 1877to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. 1878 1879Copyright information: 1880 1881Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org> 1882 1883Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 1884modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 1885document are permitted without further permission from the author. 1886 1887THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 1888IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 1889WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 1890DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 1891INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 1892(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 1893SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 1894HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 1895STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 1896IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 1897POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1898 1899Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 1900this document. 1901 1902$FreeBSD$ 1903