xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 4232f826683298e85d469c0ef17259cecd13b2c7)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 11.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 11.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
3420150614:
35	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
36	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
37	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
38	with Kyuafile and kyua.
39
4020150614:
41	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
42	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
43	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
44	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
45	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
46	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
47	2048 bit DH parameter by:
48
49	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
50	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
51	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
52	   replace it with '2'.
53	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
54	   a file path, create a new file with:
55		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
56	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
57		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
58	5. Restart sendmail:
59		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
60
61	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
62	updated.
63
6420150604:
65	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
66	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
67	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
68	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
69	5.x.
70
71	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
72
7320150525:
74	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
75	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
76	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
77
7820150521:
79	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
80	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
81	and Pandaboard:
82
83	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
84	  same but content is different now
85	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
86	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
87	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
88	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
89	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
90
9120150501:
92	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
93	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
94	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
95
9620150423:
97	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
98	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
99
10020150415:
101	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
102	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
103
10420150416:
105	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
106	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
107	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
108
10920150324:
110	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
111	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
112	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
113	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
114
11520150315:
116	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
117	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
118	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
119
12020150307:
121	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
122	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
123	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
124	kernel before rebooting.
125
12620150217:
127	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
128	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
129	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
130	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
131	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
132	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
133
13420150210:
135	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
136	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
137	with the new kernel.
138
13920150131:
140	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
141	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
142	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
143
14420150118:
145	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
146	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
147	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
148	are not already using 3.5.0.
149
15020150107:
151	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
152	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
153	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
154	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
155	binutils tools, if necessary.
156
15720150105:
158	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
159	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
160	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
161	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
162
16320150102:
164	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
165	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
166
16720141231:
168	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
169
170	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
171	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
172	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
173	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
174	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
175	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
176	later.
177
178	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
179	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
180	of the box.
181
182	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
183	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
184	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
185	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
186
187	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
188	the instructions for 9.x above.
189
190	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
191	default, and do not build clang.
192
193	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
194	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
195	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
196
197	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
198	the following are most likely to appear:
199
200	-Wabsolute-value
201
202	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
203	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
204	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
205	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
206	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
207	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
208	  cast, or disable the warning.
209
210	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
211	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
212	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
213	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
214	  side-effects.
215
216	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
217	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
218
219	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
220	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
221	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
222	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
223
224	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
225	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
226	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
227	unreachable could be optimized away.
228
22920141222:
230	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
231	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
232	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
233	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
234	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
235	the utilities will report errors.
236
23720141121:
238	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
239	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
240	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
241	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
242	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
243	LOCAL_DIRS.
244
24520141109:
246	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
247	has been obsolete for a very long time.
248
24920141104:
250	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
251	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
252	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
253	drivers.
254
255	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
256	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
257	indicate what you need to do.
258
259	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
260	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
261	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
262
263	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
264	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
265	  kern.vty=sc
266
26720141102:
268	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
269	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
270	execute it.
271
27220141009:
273	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
274	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
275	devel/gperf port.
276
27720140923:
278	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
279	contrib/pjdfstest .
280
28120140922:
282	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
283	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
284	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
285	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
286	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
287	their next update cycle.
288
28920140729:
290	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
291	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
292	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
293	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
294	1.12.4_8 or newer.
295
29620140723:
297	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
298	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
299
30020140719:
301	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
302	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
303	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
304	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
305	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
306	new configuration.
307
30820140709:
309	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
310	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
311	them again.
312	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
313
31420140708:
315	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
316	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
317	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
318	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
319	requires readline.
320
32120140702:
322	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
323	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
324	architecture.
325
32620140701:
327	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
328	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
329	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
330	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
331	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
332
33320140629:
334	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
335	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
336	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
337
33820140619:
339	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
340	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
341	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
342
34320140606:
344	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
345	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
346	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
347	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
348	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
349	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
350	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
351	"make installworld".
352
353	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
354	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
355	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
356	is run.
357
358	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
359	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
360	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
361	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
362	be removed during a clean upgrade.
363
36420140512:
365	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
366
36720140508:
368	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
369	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
370	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
371
37220140505:
373	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
374	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
375	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
376	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
377	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
378	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
379	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
380	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
381	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
382	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
383	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
384	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
385
386	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
387	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
388	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
389	as well.
390
39120140430:
392	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
393	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
394
39520140424:
396	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
397	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
398	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
399	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
400	build hosts for older releases.
401
402	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
403	r276991, respectively.
404
40520140418:
406	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
407	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
408	will silently lack HESIOD.
409
41020140405:
411	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
412	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
413	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
414	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
415	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
416	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
417	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
418	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
419	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
420	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
421	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
422	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
423
42420140306:
425	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
426	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
427	with command line option -W.
428
42920140226:
430	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
431	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
432	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
433	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
434	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
435
43620140216:
437	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
438
43920140216:
440	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
441	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
442
44320140212:
444	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
445	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
446	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
447	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
448	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
449
45020140204:
451	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
452	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
453	kernel is still highly recommended.
454
45520140131:
456	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
457	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
458	capability mode support in kernel.
459
46020140128:
461	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
462	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
463	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
464	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
465	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
466
46720140110:
468	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
469	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
470	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
471	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
472	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
473	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
474
47520131213:
476	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
477	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
478	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
479	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
480	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
481	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
482	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
483	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
484	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
485
48620131108:
487	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
488	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
489	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
490	should change your settings to use the latter.
491
49220131025:
493	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
494	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
495	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
496	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
497	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
498
49920131014:
500	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
501	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
502	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
503	delete-old-libs":
504	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
505	  or
506	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
507
50820131010:
509	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
510	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
511	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
512	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
513	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
514	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
515
516	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
517	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
518	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
519	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
520	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
521	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
522
523	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
524	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
525	with an integer.
526
52720130930:
528	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
529	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
530	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
531	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
532
533	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
534	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
535	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
536	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
537
53820130916:
539	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
540	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
541	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
542
54320130911:
544	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
545	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
546	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
547	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
548
54920130906:
550	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
551	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
552	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
553	options in src.conf.
554
55520130905:
556	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
557	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
558	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
559	'options PROCDESC'.
560
56120130905:
562	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
563	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
564	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
565	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
566	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
567	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
568
56920130903:
570	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
571	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
572	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
573
57420130821:
575	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
576	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
577	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
578
57920130813:
580	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
581	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
582	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
583	compatability.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
584	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
585	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
586
58720130806:
588	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
589	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
590	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
591	explicitly.
592	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
593	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
594	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
595	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
596	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
597
59820130806:
599	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
600	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
601	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
602	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
603	to r253970 or later.
604
60520130802:
606	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
607	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
608	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
609	would result:
610
611	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
612
613	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
614	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
615	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
616	old as well as the new version of find.
617
61820130726:
619	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
620	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
621	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
622	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
623	subdirectories must be reviewed.
624
62520130716:
626	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
627	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
628	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
629
630	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
631
632	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
633	users are advised to upgrade.
634
63520130709:
636	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
637	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
638
63920130709:
640	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
641	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
642	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
643
64420130629:
645	Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
646	so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
647
648	NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
649	it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
650	overloading the machine.
651
65220130618:
653	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
654	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
655	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
656	write access to that file.
657
65820130615:
659	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
660	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
661
66220130613:
663	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
664
665		make: illegal option -- J
666		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
667			...
668		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
669
670	this likely due to an old instance of make in
671	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
672	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
673	you see the above error:
674
675		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
676
677	should resolve it.
678
67920130516:
680	Use bmake by default.
681	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
682	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
683	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
684
685	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
686	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
687	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
688	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
689	behavior in parallel build.
690
69120130429:
692        Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
693
69420130426:
695	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
696	the IDEA patent expired.
697
69820130426:
699	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
700	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
701	enabled by default.
702
70320130425:
704	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
705	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
706	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
707	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
708	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
709	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
710	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
711	&& make install).
712
71320130404:
714	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
715	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
716	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
717	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
718	and removed.
719
72020130319:
721	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
722	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
723	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
724	binaries will not work on older kernels.
725
72620130308:
727	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
728	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
729
73020130304:
731	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
732	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
733	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
734	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
735	is requested.
736
737	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
738	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
739	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
740	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
741	in /boot/loader.conf.
742
74320130301:
744	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
745	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
746	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
747	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
748	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
749
75020130208:
751	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
752	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
753
754	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
755	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
756
75720130129:
758	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
759	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
760	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
761	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
762	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
763
76420130121:
765	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
766	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
767	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
768	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
769	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
770	/etc/src.conf.
771
77220130118:
773	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
774	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
775	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
776	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
777	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
778	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
779	use is expected to be extremely rare.
780
78120121223:
782	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
783	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
784	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
785
78620121222:
787	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
788	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
789	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
790	be updated.
791
79220121217:
793	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
794	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
795	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
796
797		savecore_flags=""
798
79920121201:
800	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
801	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
802	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
803
80420121117:
805	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
806	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
807	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
808	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
809	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
810	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
811
81220121105:
813	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
814	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
815	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
816	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
817	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
818	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
819	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
820	branch point).
821
82220121102:
823	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
824	functionality now turned on by default.
825
82620121023:
827	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
828	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
829	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
830	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
831	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
832	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
833	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
834	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
835	of the two kernel options.
836
83720121023:
838	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
839	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
840	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
841	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
842
84320121022:
844	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
845	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
846	recompiled.
847
84820121018:
849	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
850	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
851	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
852
85320121016:
854	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
855	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
856	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
857	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
858	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
859
86020121015:
861	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
862	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
863	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
864	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
865
86620121014:
867	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
868
86920121013:
870	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
871	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
872	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
873	knob has also gone.
874
87520121006:
876	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
877	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
878	with new kernel.
879
88020121001:
881	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
882	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
883	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
884
88520120913:
886	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
887	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
888	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
889	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
890	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
891	configurations.
892
89320120908:
894	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
895	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
896
89720120828:
898	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
899	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
900	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
901	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
902	manual page.
903
90420120727:
905	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
906	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
907	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
908
90920120712:
910	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
911	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
912	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
913
91420120712:
915	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
916	with other variables:
917	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
918	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
919
92020120628:
921	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
922	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
923	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
924	installed as "bsdsort".
925
92620120611:
927	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
928	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
929	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
930	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
931	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
932	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
933	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
934	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
935	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
936
93720120417:
938	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
939	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
940	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
941	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
942	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
943	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
944	NAMESPACE section).
945
94620120328:
947	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
948	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
949	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
950	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
951	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
952	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
953	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
954
95520120306:
956	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
957	platforms.
958
95920120229:
960	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
961	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
962	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
963	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
964	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
965	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
966
96720120211:
968	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
969	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
970	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
971	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
972	comes from 20111215.
973
97420120114:
975	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
976	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
977	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
978	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
979
980	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
981	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
982
98320120109:
984	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
985	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
986	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
987	tunable/sysctl.
988	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
989
99020111215:
991	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
992	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
993	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
994	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
995	not supported anymore.
996
997	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
998	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
999	need to be recompiled.
1000
100120111122:
1002	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1003	/dev/wmistat0.
1004
100520111108:
1006	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1007	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1008	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1009	time.
1010
101120111101:
1012	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1013	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1014
101520110930:
1016	sysinstall has been removed
1017
101820110923:
1019	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1020	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1021
1022COMMON ITEMS:
1023
1024	General Notes
1025	-------------
1026	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1027	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1028	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1029	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1030	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1031	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1032	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1033
1034	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1035	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1036	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1037	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1038	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1039
1040	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1041	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1042	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1043	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
1044	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1045
1046	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1047	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1048	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1049	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1050
1051	ZFS notes
1052	---------
1053	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1054	these two steps:
1055
1056	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1057	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1058
1059	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1060
1061	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1062	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1063	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1064
1065	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1066
1067	To build a kernel
1068	-----------------
1069	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1070	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1071	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1072
1073	make kernel-toolchain
1074	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1075	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1076
1077	To test a kernel once
1078	---------------------
1079	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1080	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1081	debugging information) run
1082	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1083	nextboot -k testkernel
1084
1085	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1086	--------------------------------------------------------------
1087	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
1088	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1089	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1090
1091	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1092	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1093	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1094	make depend
1095	make
1096	make install
1097
1098	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1099
1100	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1101	-----------------------------------------------------------
1102	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1103	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1104
1105	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1106	make buildworld
1107	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1108							[1]
1109	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1110	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1111	make installworld
1112	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1113	make delete-old					[6]
1114	<reboot>
1115
1116	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1117	--------------------------------------------------
1118	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1119	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1120	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1121	# size.
1122
1123	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1124	<boot into -stable>
1125	make buildworld
1126	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1127	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1128	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1129	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1130	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1131	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1132	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1133	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1134	<reboot into current>
1135	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1136	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1137	<reboot>
1138
1139
1140	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1141	----------------------------------------------
1142	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1143	make buildworld					[9]
1144	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1145							[1]
1146	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1147	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1148	make installworld
1149	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1150	make delete-old					[6]
1151	<reboot>
1152
1153	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1154	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1155	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1156	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1157	the UPDATING entries.
1158
1159	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1160	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1161	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1162	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1163	much fewer pitfalls.
1164
1165	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1166	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1167	system on reboot.
1168
1169	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1170		fsck -p
1171		mount -u /
1172		mount -a
1173		cd src
1174		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1175	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1176	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1177
1178	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1179	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1180	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1181	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1182	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1183	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1184	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1185
1186	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1187	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1188	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1189	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1190	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1191	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1192
1193	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1194	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1195	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1196
1197	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1198	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1199	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1200	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1201	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1202	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1203
1204	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1205	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1206
1207	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
1208	cvs prune empty directories.
1209
1210	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1211	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1212	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1213
1214	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1215	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1216	warn if it is improperly defined.
1217FORMAT:
1218
1219This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
1220breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
1221list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
1222If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
1223to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
1224
1225Copyright information:
1226
1227Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
1228
1229Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
1230modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
1231document are permitted without further permission from the author.
1232
1233THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
1234IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
1235WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
1236DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
1237INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
1238(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
1239SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
1240HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
1241STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
1242IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
1243POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
1244
1245Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
1246this document.
1247
1248$FreeBSD$
1249