xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 366ef17bb6ce008f79a283ff5dc5e87ab13dbdb3)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020230922:
31	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
32	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
33	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
34
3520230914:
36	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
37	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
38
3920230911:
40	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
41	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
42	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
43	for these file moves:
44
45		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
46		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
47		pkg upgrade -y
48
4920230909:
50	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
51	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
52	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
53	corresponding kernel environment variables.
54
5520230901:
56	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
57	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
58
5920230824:
60	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
61
6220230817:
63	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
64	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
65	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
66	configuration.
67
68	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
69	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
70	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
71	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
72	with the serial port at 115200.
73
7420230807:
75	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
76	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
77	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
78	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
79	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
80
8120230803:
82	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
83	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
84
8520230724:
86	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
87	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
88	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
89	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
90	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
91
9220230629:
93	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
94	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
95	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
96	file a PR and assign it to imp.
97
9820230623:
99	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
100	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
101	after upgrading.
102
10320230619:
104	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
105	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
106	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
107	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
108
109		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
110		service pf restart
111
112	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
113	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
114
11520230613:
116	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
117	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
118	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
119	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
120	already properly quoted or escaped.
121
12220230612:
123	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
124	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
125	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
126	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
127	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
128	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
129	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
130	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
131
132	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
133	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
134
13520230422:
136	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
137	using git instead.
138
13920230420:
140	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
141	eg.
142		make buildworld-jobs
143	runs
144		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
145
146	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
147
14820230316:
149	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
150	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
151	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
152	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
153	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
154	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
155	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
156	exist anymore.
157
15820230221:
159	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
160	for details.
161
16220230206:
163	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
164	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
165	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
166
16720230204:
168	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
169	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
170
17120230130:
172	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
173	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
174	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
175
17620230126:
177	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
178	system are now built unconditionally.
179
18020230113:
181	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
182	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
183
18420221212:
185	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
186	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
187
188	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
189	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
190	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
191
19220221205:
193	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
194	to reenable sendmail(8):
195
196	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
197
198	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
199
20020221204:
201	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
202	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
203	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
204	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
205	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
206	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
207
208	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
209
21020221122:
211	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
212	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
213	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
214
21520221121:
216	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
217	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
218
21920221026:
220	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
221	for pkgbase users to do:
222
223	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
224	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
225
226	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
227	installed.
228
22920221002:
230	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
231	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
232	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
233	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
234
23520220610:
236	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
237	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
238
23920211230:
240	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
241	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
242	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
243	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
244	reflect this change.
245
24620211214:
247	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
248	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
249
25020211209:
251	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
252	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
253	the coming days and weeks.
254
255	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
256	or touch
257		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
258		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
259		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
260		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
261	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
262
26320211202:
264	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
265	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
266	statement in unbound.conf:
267		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
268
269	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
270
271	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
272	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
273	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
274	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
275	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
276	such names when roaming to different homenets.
277
27820211110:
279	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
280	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
281	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
282	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
283	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
284	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
285	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
286	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
287	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
288	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
289	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
290
29120211118:
292	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
293	tree shortly.
294
29520211106:
296	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
297	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
298	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
299	may need to be modified.
300
30120211022:
302	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
303	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
304	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
305
30620211020:
307	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
308	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
309
310	# chsh -s csh
311
31220211004:
313	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
314	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
315	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
316	this change.
317
31820210923:
319	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
320	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
321	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
322	list of modules to load on their systems.
323
32420210922:
325	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
326	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
327	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
328	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
329
33020210911:
331	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
332	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
333	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
334	being loaded.
335
33620210817:
337	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
338	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
339	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
340	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
341	application-specific configuration option for applications
342	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
343
34420210811:
345	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
346	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
347
34820210730:
349	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
350	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
351	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
352	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
353
35420210729:
355	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
356	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
357	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
358
35920210716:
360	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
361	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
362	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
363
36420210715:
365	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
366	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
367	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
368	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
369	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
370	to update your sources past the above hash and do
371		% cd usr.bin/awk
372		% make clean all
373		% sudo -E make install
374	to enable building kernels again.
375
37620210708:
377	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
378	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
379	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
380
38120210707:
382	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
383	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
384
38520210624:
386	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
387	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
388	for NFSv4 mounts.
389	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
390
39120210618:
392	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
393	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
394	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
395	additions and others.
396
39720210618:
398	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
399	renamed to "untrusted".
400
40120210611:
402	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
403	please install the svn package or port.
404
40520210611:
406	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
407	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
408	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
409
41020210610:
411	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
412
41320210608:
414	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
415	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
416https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
417	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
418	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
419	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
420	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
421
42220210525:
423	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
424	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
425	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
426	detect this.
427
42820210513:
429	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
430	libraries and utilities are packaged.
431	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
432	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
433	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
434	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
435	on the system.
436
43720210426:
438	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
439	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
440	need to be rebuilt from sources.
441	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
442	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
443	is not recommended.
444
44520210411:
446	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
447	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
448	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
449	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
450	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
451	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
452
45320210330:
454	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
455	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
456	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
457	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
458
45920210225:
460	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
461	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
462	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
463
46420210128:
465	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
466	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
467	update.
468
46920210108:
470	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
471	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
472	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
473	since it was bumped so recently.
474
47520210107:
476	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
477	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
478	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
479	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
480
48120210105:
482	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
483	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
484	requires a clean build.
485
48620201223:
487	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
488	instructions can be found at
489	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
490	and other documents in that repo.
491
49220201216:
493	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
494	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
495	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
496	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
497
49820201215:
499	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
500	may be installed from ports or packages.
501
50220201124:
503	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
504	See ping(8) for details.
505
50620201108:
507	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
508	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
509	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
510
51120201030:
512	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
513	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
514	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
515	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
516	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
517
51820201026:
519	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
520	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
521	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
522	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
523	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
524	find.
525
52620200923:
527	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
528	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
529	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
530	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
531
532	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
533	command you want to un-auger the tree is
534		cd sys/amd64/conf
535		svn revert -R .
536	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
537	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
538
53920200824:
540	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
541	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
542	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
543	unless you  want to use new features.
544
545	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
546	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
547	rebuilding world may fail.
548
549	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
550	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
551
552	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
553	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
554	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
555	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
556
55720200824:
558	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
559	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
560	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
561	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
562
56320200821:
564	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
565	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
566	sources.
567
56820200817:
569	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
570	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
571
57220200816:
573	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
574	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
575	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
576	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
577
57820200810:
579	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
580	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
581	from sources, so a version bump was done.
582
58320200807:
584	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
585	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
586	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
587	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
588
58920200729:
590	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
591	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
592	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
593	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
594	continue to function.
595
596	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
597	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
598	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
599	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
600
60120200627:
602	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
603	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
604	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
605	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
606	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
607	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
608	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
609
61020200625:
611	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
612	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
613
61420200613:
615	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
616	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
617	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
618
61920200604:
620	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
621	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
622	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
623	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
624
625	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
626	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
627	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
628	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
629	/root/.shrc.
630
63120200523:
632	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
633	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
634	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
635	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
636
63720200512:
638	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
639	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
640
64120200424:
642	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
643	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
644	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
645	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
646	be functional without closefrom(2).
647
64820200414:
649	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
650	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
651	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
652	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
653	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
654	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
655
65620200310:
657	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
658	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
659	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
660	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
661
66220200309:
663	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
664	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
665	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
666
66720200301:
668	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
669
67020200229:
671	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
672	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
673	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
674
67520200229:
676	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
677	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
678
67920200229:
680	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
681	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
682	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
683	ports or packages.
684
68520200220:
686	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
687	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
688	ncurses.
689
69020200217:
691	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
692	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
693	together with their new kernel.
694
69520200212:
696	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
697	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
698	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
699
700	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
701	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
702
70320200108:
704	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
705	linker for riscv64.
706
70720200107:
708	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
709	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
710	external toolchain package.
711
71220200104:
713	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
714	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
715	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
716	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
717	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
718
71920200102:
720	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
721	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
722	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
723	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
724
72520191226:
726	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
727	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
728	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
729	ABI.
730
73120191226:
732	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
733
73420191222:
735	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
736	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
737	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
738	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
739
74020191212:
741	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
742	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
743	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
744
74520191205:
746	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
747	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
748	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
749	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
750	differences between those included in the port and those included in
751	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
752	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
753	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
754
75520191120:
756	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
757	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
758	for automounting.
759
76020191107:
761	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
762	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
763	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
764	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
765	add superio to the set.
766
76720191021:
768	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
769	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
770
77120191021:
772	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
773	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
774	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
775	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
776	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
777	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
778	completely in the future.
779
78020191009:
781	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
782	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
783	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
784	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
785	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
786	will be removed from the list.
787
78820191009:
789	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
790	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
791	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
792	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
793
79420191003:
795	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
796	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
797	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
798	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
799
80020190913:
801	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
802	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
803	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
804	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
805
80620190823:
807	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
808	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
809	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
810
81120190727:
812	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
813	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
814	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
815	your scripts, because they had no effect.
816
817	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
818	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
819	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
820	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
821	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
822
82320190713:
824	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
825	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
826	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
827	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
828	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
829	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
830	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
831
83220190620:
833	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
834	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
835	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
836	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
837
83820190612:
839	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
840	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
841	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
842	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
843
84420190608:
845	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
846	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
847	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
848
84920190513:
850	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
851	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
852	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
853	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
854	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
855	avoid running into the limit.
856
85720190507:
858	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
859	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
860
86120190507:
862	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
863	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
864	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
865	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
866	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
867	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
868
86920190418:
870	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
871	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
872	entropy:
873
874	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
875	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
876	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
877	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
878	availability properties.
879
880	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
881	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
882	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
883	initial condition, if desired.
884
885	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
886	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
887
888	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
889	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
890	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
891	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
892
89320190416:
894	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
895	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
896	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
897	therefore unblocked).
898
89920190404:
900	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
901	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
902	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
903	is added to the command line.
904	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
905	not affected and should continue to work.
906
90720190320:
908	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
909	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
910	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
911	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
912
91320190304:
914	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
915	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
916	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
917	or higher.
918
91920190226:
920	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
921	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
922	kernel config.
923
92420190219:
925	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
926	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
927	migrating to the drm ports.
928
92920190131:
930	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
931	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
932	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
933	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
934	is loaded automatically.
935
93620190125:
937	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
938	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
939	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
940	kernel config files.
941
94220181230:
943	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
944	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
945	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
946	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
947
94820181220:
949	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
950	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
951	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
952	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
953	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
954	most NFSv4 mounts.
955
95620181219:
957	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
958	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
959	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
960
961	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
962	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
963
964	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
965	removed from the mips port.
966
96720181211:
968	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
969	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
970	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
971	or higher.
972
97320181211:
974	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
975	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
976
97720181126:
978	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
979	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
980	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
981	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
982
98320181123:
984	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
985	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
986	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
987
98820181115:
989	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
990	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
991	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
992	FreeBSD versions.
993
99420181110:
995	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
996	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
997	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
998
999	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1000	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1001	being included using the command:
1002		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1003
100420181015:
1005	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1006	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1007	drm-legacy-kmod.
1008
1009	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1010	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1011	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1012	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1013	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1014	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1015	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1016	that as you will get better support.
1017
1018	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1019	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1020	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1021	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1022
1023	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1024	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1025	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1026	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1027	shortly.
1028
102920181012:
1030	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1031	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1032	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1033	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1034	be adjusted as necessary.
1035
103620181009:
1037	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1038	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1039	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1040	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1041
104220181006:
1043	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1044	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1045	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1046	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1047	encouraged.
1048
104920181002:
1050	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1051	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1052	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1053	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1054	nda device name.
1055
105620180913:
1057	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1058	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1059	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1060	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1061	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1062	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1063
106420180826:
1065	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1066	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1067	default since FreeBSD-11.
1068
106920180822:
1070	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1071	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1072	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1073
107420180818:
1075	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1076	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1077	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1078	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1079	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1080	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1081	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1082
1083	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1084	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1085
108620180815:
1087	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1088	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1089	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1090	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1091	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1092	may not be observed in a future release.
1093
109420180808:
1095	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1096	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1097	your environment.
1098
109920180731:
1100	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1101	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1102	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1103	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1104
110520180730:
1106	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1107	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1108	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1109	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1110	runtime services.
1111
111220180727:
1113	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1114	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1115	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1116
111720180723:
1118	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1119	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1120	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1121	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1122	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1123
112420180720:
1125	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1126	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1127	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1128	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1129	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1130	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1131
113220180719:
1133	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1134	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1135	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1136	boot_serial=YES
1137	boot_multicons=YES
1138	in /boot/loader.conf
1139	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1140	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1141	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1142
114320180719:
1144	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1145	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1146	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1147	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1148	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1149	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1150	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1151	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1152	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1153	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1154	by the ntpd user.
1155
115620180717:
1157	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1158
115920180711:
1160	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1161	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1162	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1163	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1164	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1165
116620180705:
1167	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1168	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1169	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1170	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1171	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1172	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1173
117420180702:
1175	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1176	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1177
117820180701:
1179	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1180	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1181	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1182	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1183	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1184	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1185	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1186
118720180630:
1188	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1189	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1190	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1191	or higher.
1192
119320180628:
1194	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1195	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1196	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1197	file.
1198
119920180612:
1200	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1201	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1202
120320180530:
1204	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1205	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1206	longer necessary.
1207
120820180530:
1209	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1210	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1211	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1212	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1213
121420180523:
1215	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1216	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1217	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1218	later than r334108.
1219
122020180517:
1221	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1222	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1223	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1224	it must be removed.
1225
122620180510:
1227	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1228	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1229	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1230	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1231	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1232	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1233	will go away.
1234
1235	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1236	workaround is necessary.
1237
123820180508:
1239	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1240	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1241	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1242	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1243
124420180504:
1245	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1246	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1247	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1248	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1249	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1250
125120180502:
1252	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1253	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1254	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1255	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1256
125720180501:
1258	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1259	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1260	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1261	be removed.
1262
126320180413:
1264	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1265	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1266	removed.
1267
126820180411:
1269	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1270	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1271	removed.
1272
127320180406:
1274	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1275	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1276	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1277	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1278	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1279
1280	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1281	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1282	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1283	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1284	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1285	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1286	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1287
1288	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1289	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1290
1291		source src {
1292			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1293		}
1294
1295	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1296	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1297	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1298
1299		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1300
1301	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1302	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1303	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1304	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1305	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1306	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1307	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1308
1309	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1310	change.
1311
131220180328:
1313	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1314	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1315	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1316
131720180323:
1318	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1319	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1320	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1321	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1322	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1323	should be as simple as:
1324
1325		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1326		$ make depend all install
1327
132820180212:
1329	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1330	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1331	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1332	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1333	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1334	provisions for backup boot methods.
1335
133620180211:
1337	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1338	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1339	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1340	imp@freebsd.org.
1341
134220180114:
1343	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1344	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1345	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1346	or higher.
1347
134820180110:
1349	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1350	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1351	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1352
1353	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1354	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1355
135620180110:
1357	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1358	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1359	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1360	remove it from kernel config files.
1361
136220180104:
1363	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1364	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1365	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1366
1367	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1368	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1369
137020180102:
1371	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1372	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1373	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1374	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1375
137620171215:
1377	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1378	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1379
138020171214:
1381	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1382	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1383	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1384	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1385
138620171125:
1387	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1388	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1389	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1390	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1391	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1392	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1393
139420171110:
1395	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1396	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1397	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1398
139920171106:
1400	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1401	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1402	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1403	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1404	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1405
140620171102:
1407	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1408	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1409	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1410	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1411	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1412	environment.
1413
141420171101:
1415	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1416	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1417	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1418	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1419	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1420	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1421	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1422	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1423	than hardcoding paths.
1424
142520171028:
1426	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1427	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1428	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1429
143020171021:
1431	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1432	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1433	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1434	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1435
143620171010:
1437	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1438	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1439
144020171005:
1441	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1442	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1443	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1444	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1445
144620171003:
1447	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1448	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1449	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1450	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1451	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1452
145320170912:
1454	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1455	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1456	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1457	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1458	/etc/ctl.conf .
1459
146020170912:
1461	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1462	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1463	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1464	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1465	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1466
146720170826:
1468	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1469	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1470
147120170825:
1472	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1473	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1474	to complete.
1475
147620170814:
1477	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1478	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1479	${TESTSDIR}.
1480
1481	Behavioral changes:
1482	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1483	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1484	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1485	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1486
1487	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1488	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1489	sandbox if successful.
1490
1491	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1492	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1493	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1494	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1495	an unprivileged user.
1496
149720170808:
1498	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1499	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1500	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1501	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1502	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1503	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1504	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1505	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1506	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1507	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1508	to which you should answer yes.
1509
151020170728:
1511	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1512	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1513	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1514	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1515	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1516
151720170722:
1518	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1519	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1520	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1521
152220170701:
1523	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1524	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1525
152620170625:
1527	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1528	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1529	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1530	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1531	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1532	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1533	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1534
153520170623:
1536	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1537	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1538	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1539	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1540	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1541	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1542
154320170620:
1544	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1545	if you require the GPL compiler.
1546
154720170618:
1548	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1549	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1550	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1551
155220170617:
1553	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1554	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1555	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1556	followed.
1557
155820170531:
1559	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1560	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1561	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1562	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1563	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1564	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1565
156620170524:
1567	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1568	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1569	which only require one chipset support.
1570
1571	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1572
1573	if_ath_load="YES"
1574
1575	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1576	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1577	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1578
1579	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1580	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1581
1582	* load ath_hal
1583	* load the chip modules in question
1584	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1585	* load ath_main
1586	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1587	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1588
1589	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1590
159120170523:
1592	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1593	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1594	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1595
1596	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1597	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1598	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1599
1600	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1601	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1602	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1603	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1604	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1605	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1606	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1607	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1608
160920170424:
1610	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1611	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1612	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1613
161420170420:
1615	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1616	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1617	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1618
161920170413:
1620	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1621	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1622	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1623	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1624	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1625	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1626	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1627
162820170407:
1629	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1630	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1631	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1632	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1633
163420170405:
1635	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1636	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1637	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1638
163920170331:
1640	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1641	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1642	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1643
164420170329:
1645	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1646	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1647
1648	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1649	via one of the following methods:
1650	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1651	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1652	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1653	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1654
1655	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1656
165720170316:
1658	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1659	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1660	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1661	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1662	with mmc.ko).
1663
166420170315:
1665	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1666	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1667	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1668	be prefixed with colon.
1669
167020170311:
1671	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1672	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1673	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1674
167520170302:
1676	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1677	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1678	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1679
168020170221:
1681	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1682	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1683	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1684	change.
1685
168620170216:
1687	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1688	valid.
1689
169020170215:
1691	MCA bus support has been removed.
1692
169320170127:
1694	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1695	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1696
169720170112:
1698	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1699	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1700
170120170109:
1702	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1703	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1704	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1705	configuration.
1706
170720161217:
1708	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1709	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1710	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1711
171220161124:
1713	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1714	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1715	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1716
171720161119:
1718	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1719	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1720	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1721
172220161030:
1723	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1724	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1725	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1726	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1727
172820161017:
1729	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1730	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1731	parts.
1732	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1733	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1734
173520161015:
1736	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1737	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1738	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1739	removed from base.
1740
174120161008:
1742	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1743	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1744	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1745
174620161003:
1747	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1748	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1749
175020160924:
1751	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1752	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1753	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1754	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1755
175620160918:
1757	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1758	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1759	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1760	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1761	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1762
176320160918:
1764	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1765
176620160908:
1767	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1768	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1769	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1770	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1771
177220160824:
1773	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1774	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1775	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1776	to 1200005.
1777
177820160818:
1779	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1780	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1781	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1782	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1783	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1784	0.
1785
178620160818:
1787	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1788	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1789
179020160708:
1791	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1792
1793After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1794from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1795entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1796UPDATING file.
1797
1798COMMON ITEMS:
1799
1800	General Notes
1801	-------------
1802	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1803	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1804	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1805	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1806	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1807	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1808	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1809	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1810
1811	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1812	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1813	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1814	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1815	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1816	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1817	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1818	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1819	an exception.
1820
1821	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1822	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1823	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1824	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1825	step.
1826
1827	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1828	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1829	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1830	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1831
1832	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1833	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1834	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1835	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1836	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1837	should write them with this in mind.
1838
1839	ZFS notes
1840	---------
1841	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1842	always follow these three steps:
1843
1844	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1845	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1846
1847	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1848	doing a zpool upgrade):
1849
1850	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1851	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1852		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1853	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1854
1855	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1856	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1857	zpool upgrade.
1858
1859	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1860
1861	EFI notes
1862	---------
1863
1864	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1865	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1866	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1867	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1868	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1869	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1870	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1871	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1872
1873	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1874	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1875	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1876	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1877
1878	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1879	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1880	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1881	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1882
1883	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1884
1885	To build a kernel
1886	-----------------
1887	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1888	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1889	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1890
1891	make kernel-toolchain
1892	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1893	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1894
1895	To test a kernel once
1896	---------------------
1897	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1898	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1899	debugging information) run
1900	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1901	nextboot -k testkernel
1902
1903	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1904	-----------------------------------------------------------
1905	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1906	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1907
1908	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1909	make buildworld
1910	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1911	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1912							[1]
1913	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1914	etcupdate -p					[5]
1915	make installworld
1916	etcupdate -B					[4]
1917	make delete-old					[6]
1918	<reboot>
1919
1920	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1921	--------------------------------------------------
1922	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1923	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1924	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1925	# size.
1926
1927	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1928	<boot into -stable>
1929	make buildworld
1930	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1931	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1932	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1933	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1934	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1935	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1936	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1937	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1938	<reboot into current>
1939	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1940	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1941	<reboot>
1942
1943
1944	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1945	----------------------------------------------
1946	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1947	make buildworld					[9]
1948	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1949	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1950							[1]
1951	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1952	etcupdate -p					[5]
1953	make installworld
1954	etcupdate -B					[4]
1955	make delete-old					[6]
1956	<reboot>
1957
1958	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1959	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1960	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1961	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1962	the UPDATING entries.
1963
1964	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1965	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1966	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1967	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1968	much fewer pitfalls.
1969
1970	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you should disable
1971	them at this point so they don't crash your system on
1972	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
1973	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
1974	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
1975	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
1976	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
1977	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
1978	and effective, eg:
1979	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
1980
1981	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1982		fsck -p
1983		mount -u /
1984		mount -a
1985		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
1986		cd src			# full path to source
1987		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1988	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
1989	into single user mode to do the installworld.
1990
1991	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1992	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1993	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1994	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1995	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1996	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
1997
1998	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
1999	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2000	step.
2001
2002	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2003	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2004	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2005
2006	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2007	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2008	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2009	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2010	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2011	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2012	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2013	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2014
2015	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2016	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2017	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2018	for these as well.
2019
2020	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2021	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2022	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2023
2024	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2025	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2026	warn if it is improperly defined.
2027FORMAT:
2028
2029This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2030breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2031list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2032If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2033to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2034
2035Copyright information:
2036
2037Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2038
2039Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2040modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2041document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2042
2043THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2044IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2045WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2046DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2047INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2048(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2049SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2050HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2051STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2052IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2053POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2054
2055Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2056this document.
2057