xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 1de7b4b805ddbf2429da511c053686ac4591ed89)
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/current-stable.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG and WITH_GCC to bootstrap to
16the tip of head, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process
17from older version of current across the gcc/clang cutover is a bit fragile.
18
19NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 12.x IS SLOW:
20	FreeBSD 12.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
21	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
22	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
23	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
24	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
25	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
26	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
27	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
28	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
29	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
30	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
31	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
32	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
33
34
35****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
36
37	Due to a bug in some versions of clang that's very hard to workaround in
38	the upgrade process, to upgrade to -current you must first upgrade
39	either stable/9 after r286035 or stable/10 after r286033 (including
40	10.3-RELEASE) or current after r286007 (including stable/11 and
41	11.0-RELEASE). These revisions post-date the 10.2 and 9.3 releases, so
42	you'll need to take the unusual step of upgrading to the tip of the
43	stable branch before moving to 11 or -current via a source upgrade.
44	stable/11 and 11.0-RELEASE have working newer compiler. This differs
45	from the historical situation where one could upgrade from anywhere on
46	the last couple of stable branches, so be careful.
47
48	If you're running a hybrid system on 9.x or 10.x with an updated clang
49	compiler or are using an supported external toolchain, the build system
50	will allow the upgrade. Otherwise it will print a reminder.
51
52****************************** SPECIAL WARNING: ******************************
53
5420171125:
55	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
56	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
57	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
58	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
59	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
60	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
61
6220171110:
63	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
64	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
65	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
66
6720171106:
68	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
69	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
70	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
71	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
72	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
73
7420171102:
75	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
76	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
77	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
78	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
79	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
80	environment.
81
8220171101:
83	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
84	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
85	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
86	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
87	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
88	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
89	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
90	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
91	than hardcoding paths.
92
9320171028:
94	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
95	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
96	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
97
9820171021:
99	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
100	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
101	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
102	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
103
10420171010:
105	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
106	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
107
10820171005:
109	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
110	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
111	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
112	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
113
11420171003:
115	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
116	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
117	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
118	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
119	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
120
12120170912:
122	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
123	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
124	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
125	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
126	/etc/ctl.conf .
127
12820170912:
129	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
130	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
131	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
132	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
133	soft-float everything else should be affected.
134
13520170826:
136	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
137	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
138
13920170825:
140	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
141	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
142	to complete.
143
14420170814:
145	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
146	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
147	${TESTSDIR}.
148
149	Behavioral changes:
150	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
151	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
152	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
153	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
154
155	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
156	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
157	sandbox if successful.
158
159	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
160	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
161	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
162	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
163	an unprivileged user.
164
16520170808:
166	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
167	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
168	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
169	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
170	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
171	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
172	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
173	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
174	forground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
175	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
176	to which you should answer yes.
177
17820170728:
179	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
180	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
181	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
182	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
183	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
184
18520170722:
186	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
187	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
188	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
189
19020170701:
191	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
192	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
193
19420170625:
195	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
196	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
197	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
198	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
199	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
200	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
201	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
202
20320170623:
204	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
205	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
206	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
207	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
208	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
209	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
210
21120170620:
212	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
213	if you require the GPL compiler.
214
21520170618:
216	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
217	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
218	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
219
22020170617:
221	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
222	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
223	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
224	followed.
225
22620170531:
227	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
228	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
229	from ports (and recommends to install it).
230	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
231	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
232	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
233
23420170524:
235	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
236	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
237	which only require one chipset support.
238
239	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
240
241	if_ath_load="YES"
242
243	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
244	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
245	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
246
247	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
248	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
249
250	* load ath_hal
251	* load the chip modules in question
252	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
253	* load ath_main
254	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
255	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
256
257	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
258
25920170523:
260	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
261	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
262	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
263
264	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
265	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
266	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
267
268	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
269	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".   Then, carefully follow the
270	full procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild
271	everything and install it on the current system."  Specifically,
272	a reboot is required after installing the new kernel before
273	installing world.
274
27520170424:
276	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
277	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
278	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
279
28020170420:
281	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
282	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
283	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
284
28520170413:
286	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
287	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
288	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
289	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
290	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
291	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
292	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
293
29420170407:
295	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
296	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
297	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
298	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
299
30020170405:
301	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
302	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
303	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
304
30520170331:
306	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
307	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
308	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
309
31020170329:
311	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
312	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
313
314	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
315	via one of the following methods:
316	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
317	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
318	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
319	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
320
321	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
322
32320170316:
324	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
325	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
326	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
327	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
328	with mmc.ko).
329
33020170315:
331	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
332	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
333	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
334	be prefixed with colon.
335
33620170311:
337	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
338	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
339	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
340
34120170302:
342	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
343	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
344	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
345
34620170221:
347	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
348	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
349	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
350	change.
351
35220170216:
353	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
354	valid.
355
35620170215:
357	MCA bus support has been removed.
358
35920170127:
360	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
361	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
362
36320170112:
364	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
365	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
366
36720170109:
368	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
369	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
370	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom configuration.
371
37220161217:
373	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
374	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
375	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
376
37720161124:
378	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
379	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
380	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
381
38220161119:
383	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
384	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
385	that link against it need to be recompiled.
386
38720161030:
388	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
389	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
390	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
391	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
392
39320161017:
394	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
395	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
396	parts.
397	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
398	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
399
40020161015:
401	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
402	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
403	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
404	removed from base.
405
40620161008:
407	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
408	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
409	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
410
41120161003:
412	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
413	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
414
41520160924:
416	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
417	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
418	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
419	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
420
42120160918:
422	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
423	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
424	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
425	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
426	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
427
42820160918:
429	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
430
43120160908:
432	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
433	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
434	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
435	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
436
43720160824:
438	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
439	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
440	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
441	to 1200005.
442
44320160818:
444	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
445	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
446	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
447	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
448	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
449	0.
450
45120160818:
452	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
453	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
454
45520160622:
456	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
457	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
458	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
459	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
460	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
461	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
462	kernel.
463
46420160527:
465	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
466	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
467	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
468	previously contained a line like
469	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
470	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
471	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
472	generally be fine.
473
47420160523:
475	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
476	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
477	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
478	built with the old headers.
479
48020160520:
481	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
482	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
483	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
484	installing a new libc.
485
48620160517:
487	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
488	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
489	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
490	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
491	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
492	packages will be needed.
493
494	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
495	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
496	and the install steps.
497
49820160510:
499	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
500	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
501	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
502	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
503	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
504	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
505
50620160414:
507	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
508	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
509	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
510	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
511	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
512
513		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
514		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
515		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
516		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
517		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
518
519	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
520	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
521	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
522	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
523	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
524	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
525	vendors work.
526
527	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
528	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
529		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
530	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
531	quirks entry to 0x3.
532
53320160330:
534	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
535	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
536	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
537
53820160317:
539	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
540	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
541
54220160311:
543	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
544	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
545	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
546	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
547	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
548	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
549	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
550	stale .depend files.
551
55220160306:
553	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
554	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
555	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
556	rebooting, e.g.:
557
558	make buildworld
559	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
560	make -C sys/boot install
561	<reboot in single user>
562
563	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
564	below.
565
56620160305:
567	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
568	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
569	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
570
57120160301:
572	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
573	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
574	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
575	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
576	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
577	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
578
57920160226:
580	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
581	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
582	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
583	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
584	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
585
58620160129:
587	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
588	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
589	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
590	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
591	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
592
59320160119:
594	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
595	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
596
59720160113:
598	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
599	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
600	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
601
60220151216:
603	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
604	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
605	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
606	other loaders.
607
60820151211:
609	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
610	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
611	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
612	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
613	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
614	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
615
61620151207:
617	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
618	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
619	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
620	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
621	in src.conf(5).
622
62320151130:
624	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
625	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
626	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
627
62820151108:
629	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
630	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
631	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
632
633	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
634	collation results will be different.
635
636	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
637	locales before running make installworld.
638
639	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
640
64120151030:
642	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
643	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
644
64520151020:
646	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
647	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
648	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
649
65020151017:
651	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
652	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
653	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
654	and 'make -N' will not.
655
65620151012:
657	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
658	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
659	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
660	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
661	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
662	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
663	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
664	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
665
66620151011:
667	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
668	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
669	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
670	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
671
67220151006:
673	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
674	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
675	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
676
67720150924:
678	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
679	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
680	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
681	userland debug files.
682
683	When using the supported kernel installation method the
684	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
685	as is done with /boot/kernel.
686
687	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
688	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
689
69020150827:
691	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
692	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
693	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
694	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
695	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
696	rc.d scripts in /etc.
697
69820150827:
699	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
700	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
701	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
702
70320150817:
704	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
705	them, the kernel must have
706
707	device	random
708	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
709
710	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
711	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
712	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
713	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
714
715	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
716	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
717
71820150813:
719	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
720	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
721	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
722
72320150810:
724	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
725	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
726	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
727	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
728
729	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
730	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
731	difference with this change.
732
733	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
734	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
735	remove that workaround.
736
73720150809:
738	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
739	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
740	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
741	with:
742
743	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
744
74520150806:
746	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
747	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
748	loader.rc.local instead.
749
75020150805:
751	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
752	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
753	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
754
75520150728:
756	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
757	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
758	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
759
760	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
761	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
762
76320150706:
764	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
765	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
766	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
767	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
768	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
769	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
770	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
771	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
772	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
773	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
774	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
775	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
776
77720150630:
778	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
779	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
780
781	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
782	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
783	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
784
785	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
786	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
787
788	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
789	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
790	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
791
792	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
793	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
794	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
795	and it is assumed you know what you need.
796
797	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
798	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
799	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
800	behaviour from your security subsystems.
801
802	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
803	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
804	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
805	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
806	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
807	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
808	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
809	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
810	will never happen.
811
81220150623:
813	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
814	entry below has been been committed in revision 284717.
815
81620150616:
817	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
818	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
819
82020150615:
821	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
822	below has been been committed in revision 284436.  The work
823	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
824	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
825	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
826
82720150614:
828	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
829	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
830	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
831	with Kyuafile and kyua.
832
83320150614:
834	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
835	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
836	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
837	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
838	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
839	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
840	2048 bit DH parameter by:
841
842	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
843	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
844	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
845	   replace it with '2'.
846	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
847	   a file path, create a new file with:
848		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
849	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
850		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
851	5. Restart sendmail:
852		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
853
854	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
855	updated.
856
85720150604:
858	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
859	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
860	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
861	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
862	5.x.
863
864	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
865
86620150525:
867	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
868	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
869	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
870
87120150521:
872	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
873	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
874	and Pandaboard:
875
876	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
877	  same but content is different now
878	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
879	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
880	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
881	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
882	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
883
88420150501:
885	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
886	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
887	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
888
88920150423:
890	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
891	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
892
89320150415:
894	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
895	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
896
89720150416:
898	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
899	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
900	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
901
90220150324:
903	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
904	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
905	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
906	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
907
90820150315:
909	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
910	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
911	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
912
91320150307:
914	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
915	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
916	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
917	kernel before rebooting.
918
91920150217:
920	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
921	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
922	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
923	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
924	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
925	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
926
92720150210:
928	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
929	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
930	with the new kernel.
931
93220150131:
933	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
934	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
935	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
936
93720150118:
938	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
939	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
940	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
941	are not already using 3.5.0.
942
94320150107:
944	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
945	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
946	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
947	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
948	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
949
95020150105:
951	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
952	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
953	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
954	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
955
95620150102:
957	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
958	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
959
96020141231:
961	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
962
963	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
964	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
965	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
966	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
967	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
968	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
969	later.
970
971	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
972	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
973	of the box.
974
975	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
976	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
977	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
978	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
979
980	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
981	the instructions for 9.x above.
982
983	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
984	default, and do not build clang.
985
986	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
987	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
988	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
989
990	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
991	the following are most likely to appear:
992
993	-Wabsolute-value
994
995	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
996	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
997	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
998	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
999	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1000	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1001	  cast, or disable the warning.
1002
1003	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1004	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1005	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1006	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1007	  side-effects.
1008
1009	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1010	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1011
1012	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1013	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1014	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1015	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1016
1017	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1018	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1019	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1020	unreachable could be optimized away.
1021
102220141222:
1023	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1024	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1025	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1026	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1027	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1028	the utilities will report errors.
1029
103020141121:
1031	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1032	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1033	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1034	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1035	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1036	LOCAL_DIRS.
1037
103820141109:
1039	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1040	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1041
104220141104:
1043	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1044	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1045	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1046	drivers.
1047
1048	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1049	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1050	indicate what you need to do.
1051
1052	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1053	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1054	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1055
1056	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1057	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1058	  kern.vty=sc
1059
106020141102:
1061	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1062	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1063	execute it.
1064
106520141009:
1066	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1067	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1068	devel/gperf port.
1069
107020140923:
1071	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1072	contrib/pjdfstest .
1073
107420140922:
1075	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1076	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1077	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1078	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1079	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1080	their next update cycle.
1081
108220140729:
1083	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1084	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1085	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1086	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1087	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1088
108920140723:
1090	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1091	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1092
109320140719:
1094	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1095	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1096	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1097	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1098	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1099	new configuration.
1100
110120140709:
1102	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1103	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1104	them again.
1105	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1106
110720140708:
1108	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1109	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1110	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1111	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1112	requires readline.
1113
111420140702:
1115	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1116	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1117	architecture.
1118
111920140701:
1120	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1121	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1122	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1123	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1124	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1125
112620140629:
1127	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1128	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1129	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1130
113120140619:
1132	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1133	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1134	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1135
113620140606:
1137	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1138	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1139	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1140	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1141	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1142	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1143	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1144	"make installworld".
1145
1146	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1147	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1148	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1149	is run.
1150
1151	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1152	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1153	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1154	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1155	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1156
115720140512:
1158	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1159
116020140508:
1161	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1162	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1163	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1164
116520140505:
1166	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1167	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1168	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1169	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1170	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1171	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1172	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1173	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1174	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1175	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1176	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1177	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1178
1179	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1180	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1181	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1182	as well.
1183
118420140430:
1185	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1186	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1187
118820140424:
1189	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1190	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1191	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1192	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1193	build hosts for older releases.
1194
1195	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1196	r276991, respectively.
1197
119820140418:
1199	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1200	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1201	will silently lack HESIOD.
1202
120320140405:
1204	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1205	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1206	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1207	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1208	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1209	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1210	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1211	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1212	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1213	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1214	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1215	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1216
121720140306:
1218	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1219	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1220	with command line option -W.
1221
122220140226:
1223	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1224	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1225	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1226	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1227	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1228
122920140216:
1230	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1231
123220140216:
1233	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1234	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1235
123620140212:
1237	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1238	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1239	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1240	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1241	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1242
124320140204:
1244	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1245	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1246	kernel is still highly recommended.
1247
124820140131:
1249	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1250	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1251	capability mode support in kernel.
1252
125320140128:
1254	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1255	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1256	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1257	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1258	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1259
126020140110:
1261	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1262	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1263	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1264	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1265	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1266	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1267
126820131213:
1269	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1270	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1271	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1272	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1273	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1274	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1275	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1276	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1277	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1278
127920131108:
1280	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1281	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1282	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1283	should change your settings to use the latter.
1284
128520131025:
1286	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1287	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1288	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1289	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1290	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1291
129220131014:
1293	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1294	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1295	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1296	delete-old-libs":
1297	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1298	  or
1299	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1300
130120131010:
1302	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1303	revision r256279.
1304
130520131010:
1306	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
1307	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
1308	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
1309	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
1310	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
1311	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
1312
1313	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
1314	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
1315	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
1316	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
1317	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
1318	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
1319
1320	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
1321	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
1322	with an integer.
1323
132420130930:
1325	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
1326	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
1327	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
1328	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
1329
1330	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
1331	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
1332	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
1333	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
1334
133520130916:
1336	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
1337	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1338	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1339
134020130911:
1341	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
1342	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
1343	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
1344	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
1345
134620130906:
1347	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
1348	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
1349	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
1350	options in src.conf.
1351
135220130905:
1353	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
1354	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
1355	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
1356	'options PROCDESC'.
1357
135820130905:
1359	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
1360	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
1361	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
1362	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
1363	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
1364	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
1365
136620130903:
1367	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
1368	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
1369	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
1370
137120130821:
1372	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
1373	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
1374	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
1375
137620130813:
1377	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
1378	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
1379	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
1380	compatibility.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
1381	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
1382	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
1383
138420130806:
1385	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
1386	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
1387	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
1388	explicitly.
1389	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
1390	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
1391	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
1392	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
1393	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
1394
139520130806:
1396	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
1397	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
1398	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
1399	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
1400	to r253970 or later.
1401
140220130802:
1403	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
1404	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
1405	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
1406	would result:
1407
1408	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
1409
1410	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
1411	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
1412	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
1413	old as well as the new version of find.
1414
141520130726:
1416	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
1417	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
1418	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
1419	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
1420	subdirectories must be reviewed.
1421
142220130716:
1423	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
1424	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
1425	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1426
1427	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
1428
1429	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
1430	users are advised to upgrade.
1431
143220130709:
1433	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
1434	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
1435
143620130709:
1437	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
1438	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
1439	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
1440
144120130618:
1442	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
1443	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
1444	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
1445	write access to that file.
1446
144720130615:
1448	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
1449	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
1450
145120130613:
1452	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
1453
1454		make: illegal option -- J
1455		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
1456			...
1457		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
1458
1459	this likely due to an old instance of make in
1460	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
1461	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
1462	you see the above error:
1463
1464		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
1465
1466	should resolve it.
1467
146820130516:
1469	Use bmake by default.
1470	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
1471	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
1472	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
1473
1474	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
1475	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
1476	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
1477	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
1478	behavior in parallel build.
1479
148020130429:
1481	Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
1482
148320130426:
1484	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
1485	the IDEA patent expired.
1486
148720130426:
1488	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
1489	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
1490	enabled by default.
1491
149220130425:
1493	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
1494	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
1495	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
1496	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
1497	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
1498	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
1499	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
1500	&& make install).
1501
150220130404:
1503	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
1504	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
1505	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
1506	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
1507	and removed.
1508
150920130319:
1510	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
1511	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
1512	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
1513	binaries will not work on older kernels.
1514
151520130308:
1516	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
1517	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
1518
151920130304:
1520	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
1521	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
1522	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
1523	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
1524	is requested.
1525
1526	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
1527	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
1528	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
1529	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
1530	in /boot/loader.conf.
1531
153220130301:
1533	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
1534	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
1535	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
1536	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
1537	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
1538
153920130208:
1540	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
1541	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
1542
1543	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1544	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1545
154620130129:
1547	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
1548	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
1549	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
1550	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
1551	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
1552
155320130121:
1554	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
1555	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
1556	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
1557	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
1558	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
1559	/etc/src.conf.
1560
156120130118:
1562	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
1563	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
1564	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
1565	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
1566	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
1567	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
1568	use is expected to be extremely rare.
1569
157020121223:
1571	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
1572	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
1573	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
1574
157520121222:
1576	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
1577	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
1578	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
1579	be updated.
1580
158120121217:
1582	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
1583	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
1584	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
1585
1586		savecore_flags=""
1587
158820121201:
1589	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
1590	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
1591	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1592
159320121117:
1594	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
1595	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
1596	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
1597	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
1598	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
1599	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
1600
160120121105:
1602	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
1603	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
1604	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
1605	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
1606	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
1607	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
1608	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
1609	branch point).
1610
161120121102:
1612	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
1613	functionality now turned on by default.
1614
161520121023:
1616	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
1617	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
1618	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
1619	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
1620	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
1621	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
1622	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
1623	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
1624	of the two kernel options.
1625
162620121023:
1627	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
1628	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
1629	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
1630	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
1631
163220121022:
1633	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
1634	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
1635	recompiled.
1636
163720121018:
1638	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
1639	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
1640	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
1641
164220121016:
1643	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
1644	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
1645	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
1646	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
1647	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
1648
164920121015:
1650	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
1651	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
1652	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
1653	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
1654
165520121014:
1656	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
1657
165820121013:
1659	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
1660	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
1661	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
1662	knob has also gone.
1663
166420121006:
1665	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
1666	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
1667	with new kernel.
1668
166920121001:
1670	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
1671	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
1672	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
1673
167420120913:
1675	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
1676	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
1677	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
1678	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
1679	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
1680	configurations.
1681
168220120908:
1683	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
1684	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
1685
168620120828:
1687	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
1688	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
1689	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
1690	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
1691	manual page.
1692
169320120727:
1694	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
1695	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
1696	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable.
1697
169820120712:
1699	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
1700	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
1701	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
1702
170320120712:
1704	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
1705	with other variables:
1706	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
1707	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
1708
170920120628:
1710	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
1711	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
1712	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
1713	installed as "bsdsort".
1714
171520120611:
1716	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
1717	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
1718	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
1719	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
1720	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
1721	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
1722	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
1723	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
1724	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
1725
172620120417:
1727	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
1728	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
1729	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
1730	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
1731	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
1732	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
1733	NAMESPACE section).
1734
173520120328:
1736	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
1737	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
1738	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
1739	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
1740	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
1741	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
1742	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
1743
174420120306:
1745	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
1746	platforms.
1747
174820120229:
1749	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
1750	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
1751	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
1752	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
1753	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
1754	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
1755
175620120211:
1757	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
1758	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
1759	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
1760	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
1761	comes from 20111215.
1762
176320120114:
1764	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
1765	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
1766	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
1767	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
1768
1769	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
1770	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
1771
177220120109:
1773	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
1774	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
1775	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
1776	tunable/sysctl.
1777	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
1778
177920111215:
1780	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
1781	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
1782	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
1783	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
1784	not supported anymore.
1785
1786	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
1787	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
1788	need to be recompiled.
1789
179020111122:
1791	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
1792	/dev/wmistat0.
1793
179420111108:
1795	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
1796	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
1797	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
1798	time.
1799
180020111101:
1801	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
1802	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
1803
180420110930:
1805	sysinstall has been removed
1806
180720110923:
1808	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1809	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
1810
1811COMMON ITEMS:
1812
1813	General Notes
1814	-------------
1815	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1816	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1817	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1818	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1819	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1820	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1821	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1822
1823	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1824	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1825	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1826	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1827	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1828
1829	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1830	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1831	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1832	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1833	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1834	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgade from
1835	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1836	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1837	an exception.
1838
1839	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1840	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1841	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1842	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1843
1844	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1845	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1846	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1847	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1848	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1849	should write them with this in mind.
1850
1851	ZFS notes
1852	---------
1853	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1854	these two steps:
1855
1856	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1857	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1858
1859	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1860
1861	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1862	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1863	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1864
1865	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1866
1867	To build a kernel
1868	-----------------
1869	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1870	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1871	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1872
1873	make kernel-toolchain
1874	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1875	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1876
1877	To test a kernel once
1878	---------------------
1879	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1880	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1881	debugging information) run
1882	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1883	nextboot -k testkernel
1884
1885	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1886	-----------------------------------------------------------
1887	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1888	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1889
1890	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1891	make buildworld
1892	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1893	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1894							[1]
1895	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1896	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1897	make installworld
1898	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1899	make delete-old					[6]
1900	<reboot>
1901
1902	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1903	--------------------------------------------------
1904	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1905	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1906	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1907	# size.
1908
1909	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1910	<boot into -stable>
1911	make buildworld
1912	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1913	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1914	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1915	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1916	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1917	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1918	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1919	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1920	<reboot into current>
1921	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1922	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1923	<reboot>
1924
1925
1926	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1927	----------------------------------------------
1928	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1929	make buildworld					[9]
1930	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1931							[1]
1932	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1933	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1934	make installworld
1935	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1936	make delete-old					[6]
1937	<reboot>
1938
1939	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
1940	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
1941	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
1942	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
1943	the UPDATING entries.
1944
1945	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
1946	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
1947	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
1948	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
1949	much fewer pitfalls.
1950
1951	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
1952	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
1953	system on reboot.
1954
1955	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
1956		fsck -p
1957		mount -u /
1958		mount -a
1959		cd src
1960		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
1961	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
1962	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
1963
1964	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
1965	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
1966	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
1967	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
1968	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
1969	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
1970	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
1971
1972	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
1973	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
1974	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
1975	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
1976	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
1977	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
1978
1979	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
1980	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
1981	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
1982
1983	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
1984	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
1985	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
1986	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
1987	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
1988	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
1989
1990	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
1991	last time you updated your kernel config file.
1992
1993	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
1994	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
1995	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
1996
1997	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
1998	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
1999	warn if it is improperly defined.
2000FORMAT:
2001
2002This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2003breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2004list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2005If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2006to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2007
2008Copyright information:
2009
2010Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
2011
2012Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2013modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2014document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2015
2016THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2017IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2018WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2019DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2020INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2021(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2022SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2023HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2024STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2025IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2026POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2027
2028Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2029this document.
2030
2031$FreeBSD$
2032