xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 1d91c857d74a44d6fc2d30e74ff6320e15567b4f)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920191120:
30	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
31	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
32	for automounting.
33
3420191120:
35	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
36	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
37	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
38
39	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
40	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
41
4220191107:
43	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
44	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
45	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
46	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
47	add superio to the set.
48
4920191021:
50	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
51	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
52
5320191021:
54	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
55	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
56	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
57	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
58	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
59	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
60	completely in the future.
61
6220191009:
63	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
64	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
65	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
66	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
67	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
68	will be removed from the list.
69
7020191009:
71	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
72	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
73	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
74	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
75
7620191003:
77	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
78	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
79	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
80	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
81
8220190913:
83	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
84	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
85	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
86	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
87
8820190823:
89	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
90	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
91	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
92
9320190727:
94	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
95	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
96	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
97	your scripts, because they had no effect.
98
99	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
100	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
101	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
102	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
103	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
104
10520190713:
106	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
107	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
108	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
109	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
110	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
111	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
112	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
113
11420190620:
115	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
116	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
117	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
118	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
119
12020190612:
121	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
122	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
123	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
124	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
125
12620190608:
127	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
128	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
129	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
130
13120190513:
132	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
133	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
134	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
135	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
136	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
137	avoid running into the limit.
138
13920190507:
140	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
141	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
142
14320190507:
144	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
145	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
146	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
147	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
148	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
149	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
150
15120190418:
152	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
153	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
154	entropy:
155
156	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
157	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
158	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
159	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
160	availability properties.
161
162	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
163	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
164	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
165	initial condition, if desired.
166
167	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
168	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
169
170	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
171	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
172	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
173	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
174
17520190416:
176	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
177	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
178	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
179	therefore unblocked).
180
18120190404:
182	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
183	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
184	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
185	is added to the command line.
186	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
187	not affected and should continue to work.
188
18920190320:
190	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
191	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
192	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
193	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
194
19520190304:
196	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
197	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
198	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
199	or higher.
200
20120190226:
202	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
203	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
204	kernel config.
205
20620190219:
207	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
208	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
209	migrating to the drm ports.
210
21120190131:
212	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
213	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
214	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
215	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
216	is loaded automatically.
217
21820190125:
219	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
220	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
221	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
222	kernel config files.
223
22420181230:
225	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
226	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
227	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
228	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
229
23020181220:
231	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
232	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
233	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
234	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
235	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
236	most NFSv4 mounts.
237
23820181219:
239	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
240	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
241	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
242
243	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
244	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
245
246	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
247	removed from the mips port.
248
24920181211:
250	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
251	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
252	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
253	or higher.
254
25520181211:
256	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
257	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
258
25920181126:
260	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
261	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
262	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
263	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
264
26520181123:
266	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
267	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
268	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
269
27020181115:
271	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
272	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
273	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
274	FreeBSD versions.
275
27620181110:
277	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
278	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
279	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
280
281	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
282	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
283	being included using the command:
284		$ newsyslog -Nrv
285
28620181015:
287	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
288	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
289	drm-legacy-kmod.
290
291	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
292	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
293	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
294	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
295	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
296	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
297	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
298	that as you will get better support.
299
300	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
301	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
302	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
303	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
304
305	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
306	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
307	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
308	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
309	shortly.
310
31120181012:
312	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
313	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
314	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
315	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
316	be adjusted as necessary.
317
31820181009:
319	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
320	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
321	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
322	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
323
32420181006:
325	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
326	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
327	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
328	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
329	encouraged.
330
33120181002:
332	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
333	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
334	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
335	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
336	nda device name.
337
33820180913:
339	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
340	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
341	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
342	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
343	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
344	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
345
34620180826:
347	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
348	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
349	default since FreeBSD-11.
350
35120180822:
352	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
353	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
354	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
355
35620180818:
357	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
358	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
359	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
360	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
361	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
362	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
363	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
364
365	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
366	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
367
36820180815:
369	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
370	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
371	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
372	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
373	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
374	may not be observed in a future release.
375
37620180808:
377	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
378	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
379	your environment.
380
38120180731:
382	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
383	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
384	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
385	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
386
38720180730:
388	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
389	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
390	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
391	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
392	runtime services.
393
39420180727:
395	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
396	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
397	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
398
39920180723:
400	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
401	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
402	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
403	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
404	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
405
40620180720:
407	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
408	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
409	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
410	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
411	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
412	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
413
41420180719:
415	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
416	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
417	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
418	boot_serial=YES
419	boot_multicons=YES
420	in /boot/loader.conf
421	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
422	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
423	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
424
42520180719:
426	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
427	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
428	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
429	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
430	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
431	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
432	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
433	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
434	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
435	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
436	by the ntpd user.
437
43820180717:
439	Big endian arm support has been removed.
440
44120180711:
442	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
443	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
444	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
445	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
446	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
447
44820180705:
449	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
450	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
451	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
452	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
453	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
454	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
455
45620180702:
457	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
458	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
459
46020180701:
461	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
462	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
463	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
464	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
465	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
466	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
467	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
468
46920180630:
470	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
471	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
472	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
473	or higher.
474
47520180628:
476	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
477	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
478	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
479	file.
480
48120180612:
482	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
483	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
484
48520180530:
486	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
487	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
488	longer necessary.
489
49020180530:
491	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
492	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
493	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
494	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
495
49620180523:
497	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
498	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
499	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
500	later than r334108.
501
50220180517:
503	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
504	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
505	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
506	it must be removed.
507
50820180510:
509	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
510	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
511	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
512	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
513	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
514	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
515	will go away.
516
517	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
518	workaround is necessary.
519
52020180508:
521	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
522	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
523	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
524	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
525
52620180504:
527	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
528	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
529	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
530	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
531	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
532
53320180502:
534	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
535	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
536	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
537	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
538
53920180501:
540	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
541	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
542	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
543	be removed.
544
54520180413:
546	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
547	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
548	removed.
549
55020180411:
551	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
552	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
553	removed.
554
55520180406:
556	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
557	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
558	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
559	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
560	microseconds and time zone offsets.
561
562	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
563	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
564	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
565	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
566	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
567	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
568	adjustments, depending on the software used.
569
570	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
571	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
572
573		source src {
574			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
575		}
576
577	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
578	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
579	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
580
581		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
582
583	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
584	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
585	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
586	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
587	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
588	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
589	thus expected to continue to function as before.
590
591	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
592	change.
593
59420180328:
595	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
596	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
597	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
598
59920180323:
600	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
601	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
602	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
603	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
604	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
605	should be as simple as:
606
607		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
608		$ make depend all install
609
61020180212:
611	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
612	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
613	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
614	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
615	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
616	provisions for backup boot methods.
617
61820180211:
619	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
620	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
621	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
622	imp@freebsd.org.
623
62420180114:
625	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
626	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
627	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
628	or higher.
629
63020180110:
631	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
632	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
633	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
634
635	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
636	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
637
63820180110:
639	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
640	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
641	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
642	remove it from kernel config files.
643
64420180104:
645	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
646	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
647	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
648
649	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
650	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
651
65220180102:
653	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
654	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
655	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
656	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
657
65820171215:
659	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
660	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
661
66220171214:
663	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
664	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
665	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
666	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
667
66820171125:
669	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
670	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
671	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
672	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
673	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
674	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
675
67620171110:
677	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
678	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
679	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
680
68120171106:
682	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
683	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
684	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
685	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
686	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
687
68820171102:
689	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
690	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
691	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
692	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
693	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
694	environment.
695
69620171101:
697	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
698	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
699	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
700	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
701	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
702	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
703	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
704	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
705	than hardcoding paths.
706
70720171028:
708	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
709	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
710	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
711
71220171021:
713	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
714	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
715	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
716	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
717
71820171010:
719	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
720	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
721
72220171005:
723	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
724	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
725	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
726	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
727
72820171003:
729	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
730	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
731	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
732	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
733	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
734
73520170912:
736	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
737	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
738	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
739	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
740	/etc/ctl.conf .
741
74220170912:
743	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
744	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
745	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
746	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
747	soft-float everything else should be affected.
748
74920170826:
750	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
751	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
752
75320170825:
754	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
755	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
756	to complete.
757
75820170814:
759	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
760	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
761	${TESTSDIR}.
762
763	Behavioral changes:
764	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
765	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
766	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
767	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
768
769	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
770	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
771	sandbox if successful.
772
773	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
774	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
775	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
776	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
777	an unprivileged user.
778
77920170808:
780	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
781	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
782	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
783	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
784	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
785	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
786	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
787	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
788	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
789	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
790	to which you should answer yes.
791
79220170728:
793	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
794	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
795	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
796	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
797	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
798
79920170722:
800	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
801	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
802	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
803
80420170701:
805	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
806	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
807
80820170625:
809	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
810	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
811	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
812	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
813	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
814	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
815	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
816
81720170623:
818	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
819	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
820	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
821	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
822	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
823	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
824
82520170620:
826	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
827	if you require the GPL compiler.
828
82920170618:
830	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
831	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
832	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
833
83420170617:
835	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
836	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
837	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
838	followed.
839
84020170531:
841	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
842	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
843	from ports (and recommends to install it).
844	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
845	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
846	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
847
84820170524:
849	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
850	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
851	which only require one chipset support.
852
853	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
854
855	if_ath_load="YES"
856
857	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
858	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
859	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
860
861	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
862	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
863
864	* load ath_hal
865	* load the chip modules in question
866	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
867	* load ath_main
868	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
869	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
870
871	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
872
87320170523:
874	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
875	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
876	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
877
878	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
879	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
880	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
881
882	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
883	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
884	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
885	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
886	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
887	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
888	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
889	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
890
89120170424:
892	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
893	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
894	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
895
89620170420:
897	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
898	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
899	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
900
90120170413:
902	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
903	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
904	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
905	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
906	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
907	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
908	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
909
91020170407:
911	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
912	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
913	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
914	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
915
91620170405:
917	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
918	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
919	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
920
92120170331:
922	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
923	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
924	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
925
92620170329:
927	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
928	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
929
930	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
931	via one of the following methods:
932	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
933	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
934	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
935	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
936
937	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
938
93920170316:
940	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
941	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
942	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
943	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
944	with mmc.ko).
945
94620170315:
947	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
948	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
949	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
950	be prefixed with colon.
951
95220170311:
953	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
954	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
955	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
956
95720170302:
958	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
959	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
960	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
961
96220170221:
963	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
964	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
965	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
966	change.
967
96820170216:
969	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
970	valid.
971
97220170215:
973	MCA bus support has been removed.
974
97520170127:
976	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
977	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
978
97920170112:
980	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
981	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
982
98320170109:
984	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
985	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
986	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
987	configuration.
988
98920161217:
990	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
991	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
992	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
993
99420161124:
995	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
996	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
997	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
998
99920161119:
1000	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1001	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1002	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1003
100420161030:
1005	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1006	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1007	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1008	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1009
101020161017:
1011	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1012	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1013	parts.
1014	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1015	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1016
101720161015:
1018	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1019	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1020	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1021	removed from base.
1022
102320161008:
1024	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1025	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1026	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1027
102820161003:
1029	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1030	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1031
103220160924:
1033	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1034	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1035	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1036	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1037
103820160918:
1039	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1040	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1041	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1042	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1043	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1044
104520160918:
1046	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1047
104820160908:
1049	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1050	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1051	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1052	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1053
105420160824:
1055	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1056	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1057	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1058	to 1200005.
1059
106020160818:
1061	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1062	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1063	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1064	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1065	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1066	0.
1067
106820160818:
1069	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1070	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1071
107220160708:
1073	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1074
107520160622:
1076	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1077	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1078	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1079	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1080	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1081	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1082	kernel.
1083
108420160527:
1085	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1086	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1087	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1088	previously contained a line like
1089	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1090	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1091	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1092	generally be fine.
1093
109420160523:
1095	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1096	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1097	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1098	built with the old headers.
1099
110020160520:
1101	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1102	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1103	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1104	installing a new libc.
1105
110620160517:
1107	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1108	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1109	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1110	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1111	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1112	packages will be needed.
1113
1114	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1115	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1116	and the install steps.
1117
111820160510:
1119	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1120	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1121	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1122	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1123	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1124	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1125
112620160414:
1127	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1128	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1129	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1130	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1131	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1132
1133		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1134		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1135		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1136		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1137		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1138
1139	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1140	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1141	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1142	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1143	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1144	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1145	vendors work.
1146
1147	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1148	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1149		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1150	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1151	quirks entry to 0x3.
1152
115320160330:
1154	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1155	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1156	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1157
115820160317:
1159	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1160	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1161
116220160311:
1163	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1164	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1165	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1166	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1167	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1168	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1169	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1170	stale .depend files.
1171
117220160306:
1173	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1174	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1175	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1176	rebooting, e.g.:
1177
1178	make buildworld
1179	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1180	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1181	make -C sys/boot install
1182	<reboot in single user>
1183
1184	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1185	below.
1186
118720160305:
1188	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1189	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1190	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1191
119220160301:
1193	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1194	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1195	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1196	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1197	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1198	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1199
120020160226:
1201	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1202	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1203	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1204	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1205	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1206
120720160129:
1208	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1209	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1210	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1211	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1212	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1213
121420160119:
1215	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1216	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1217
121820160113:
1219	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1220	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1221	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1222
122320151216:
1224	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1225	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1226	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1227	other loaders.
1228
122920151211:
1230	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1231	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1232	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1233	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1234	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1235	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1236
123720151207:
1238	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1239	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1240	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1241	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1242	in src.conf(5).
1243
124420151130:
1245	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1246	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1247	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1248
124920151108:
1250	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1251	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1252	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1253
1254	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1255	collation results will be different.
1256
1257	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1258	locales before running make installworld.
1259
1260	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1261
126220151030:
1263	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1264	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1265
126620151020:
1267	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1268	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1269	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1270
127120151017:
1272	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1273	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1274	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1275	and 'make -N' will not.
1276
127720151012:
1278	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1279	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1280	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1281	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1282	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1283	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1284	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1285	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1286
128720151011:
1288	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1289	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1290	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1291	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1292
129320151006:
1294	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1295	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1296	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1297
129820150924:
1299	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1300	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1301	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1302	userland debug files.
1303
1304	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1305	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1306	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1307
1308	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1309	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1310
131120150827:
1312	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1313	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1314	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1315	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1316	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1317	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1318
131920150827:
1320	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1321	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1322	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1323
132420150817:
1325	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1326	them, the kernel must have
1327
1328	device	random
1329	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1330
1331	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1332	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1333	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1334	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1335
1336	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1337	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1338
133920150813:
1340	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1341	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1342	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1343
134420150810:
1345	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1346	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1347	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1348	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1349
1350	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1351	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1352	difference with this change.
1353
1354	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1355	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1356	remove that workaround.
1357
135820150809:
1359	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1360	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1361	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1362	with:
1363
1364	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1365
136620150806:
1367	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1368	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1369	loader.rc.local instead.
1370
137120150805:
1372	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1373	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1374	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1375
137620150728:
1377	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1378	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1379	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1380
1381	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1382	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1383
138420150706:
1385	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1386	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1387	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1388	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1389	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1390	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1391	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1392	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1393	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1394	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1395	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1396	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1397
139820150630:
1399	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1400	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1401
1402	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1403	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1404	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1405
1406	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1407	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1408
1409	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1410	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1411	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1412
1413	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1414	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1415	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1416	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1417
1418	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1419	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1420	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1421	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1422
1423	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1424	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1425	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1426	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1427	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1428	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1429	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1430	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1431	will never happen.
1432
143320150623:
1434	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1435	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1436
143720150616:
1438	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1439	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1440
144120150615:
1442	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1443	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1444	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1445	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1446	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1447
144820150614:
1449	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1450	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1451	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1452	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1453
145420150614:
1455	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1456	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1457	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1458	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1459	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1460	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1461	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1462
1463	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1464	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1465	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1466	   replace it with '2'.
1467	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1468	   a file path, create a new file with:
1469		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1470	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1471		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1472	5. Restart sendmail:
1473		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1474
1475	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1476	updated.
1477
147820150604:
1479	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1480	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1481	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1482	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1483	5.x.
1484
1485	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1486
148720150525:
1488	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1489	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1490	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1491
149220150521:
1493	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1494	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1495	and Pandaboard:
1496
1497	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1498	  same but content is different now
1499	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1500	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1501	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1502	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1503	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1504
150520150501:
1506	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1507	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1508	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1509
151020150423:
1511	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1512	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1513
151420150415:
1515	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1516	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1517
151820150416:
1519	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1520	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1521	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1522
152320150324:
1524	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1525	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1526	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1527	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1528
152920150315:
1530	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1531	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1532	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1533
153420150307:
1535	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1536	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1537	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1538	kernel before rebooting.
1539
154020150217:
1541	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1542	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1543	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1544	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1545	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1546	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1547
154820150210:
1549	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1550	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1551	with the new kernel.
1552
155320150131:
1554	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1555	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1556	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1557
155820150118:
1559	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1560	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1561	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1562	are not already using 3.5.0.
1563
156420150107:
1565	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1566	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1567	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1568	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1569	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1570
157120150105:
1572	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1573	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1574	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1575	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1576
157720150102:
1578	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1579	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1580
158120141231:
1582	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1583
1584	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1585	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1586	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1587	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1588	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1589	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1590	later.
1591
1592	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1593	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1594	of the box.
1595
1596	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1597	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1598	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1599	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1600
1601	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1602	the instructions for 9.x above.
1603
1604	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1605	default, and do not build clang.
1606
1607	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1608	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1609	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1610
1611	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1612	the following are most likely to appear:
1613
1614	-Wabsolute-value
1615
1616	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1617	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1618	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1619	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1620	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1621	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1622	  cast, or disable the warning.
1623
1624	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1625	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1626	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1627	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1628	  side-effects.
1629
1630	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1631	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1632
1633	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1634	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1635	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1636	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1637
1638	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1639	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1640	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1641	unreachable could be optimized away.
1642
164320141222:
1644	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1645	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1646	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1647	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1648	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1649	the utilities will report errors.
1650
165120141121:
1652	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1653	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1654	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1655	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1656	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1657	LOCAL_DIRS.
1658
165920141109:
1660	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1661	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1662
166320141104:
1664	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1665	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1666	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1667	drivers.
1668
1669	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1670	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1671	indicate what you need to do.
1672
1673	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1674	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1675	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1676
1677	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1678	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1679	  kern.vty=sc
1680
168120141102:
1682	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1683	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1684	execute it.
1685
168620141009:
1687	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1688	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1689	devel/gperf port.
1690
169120140923:
1692	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1693	contrib/pjdfstest .
1694
169520140922:
1696	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1697	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1698	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1699	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1700	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1701	their next update cycle.
1702
170320140729:
1704	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1705	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1706	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1707	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1708	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1709
171020140723:
1711	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1712	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1713
171420140719:
1715	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1716	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1717	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1718	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1719	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1720	new configuration.
1721
172220140709:
1723	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1724	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1725	them again.
1726	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1727
172820140708:
1729	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1730	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1731	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1732	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1733	requires readline.
1734
173520140702:
1736	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1737	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1738	architecture.
1739
174020140701:
1741	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1742	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1743	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1744	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1745	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1746
174720140629:
1748	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1749	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1750	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1751
175220140619:
1753	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1754	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1755	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1756
175720140606:
1758	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1759	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1760	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1761	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1762	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1763	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1764	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1765	"make installworld".
1766
1767	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1768	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1769	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1770	is run.
1771
1772	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1773	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1774	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1775	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1776	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1777
177820140512:
1779	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1780
178120140508:
1782	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1783	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1784	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1785
178620140505:
1787	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1788	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1789	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1790	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1791	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1792	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1793	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1794	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1795	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1796	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1797	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1798	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1799
1800	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1801	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1802	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1803	as well.
1804
180520140430:
1806	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1807	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1808
180920140424:
1810	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1811	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1812	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1813	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1814	build hosts for older releases.
1815
1816	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1817	r276991, respectively.
1818
181920140418:
1820	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1821	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1822	will silently lack HESIOD.
1823
182420140405:
1825	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1826	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1827	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1828	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1829	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1830	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1831	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1832	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1833	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1834	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1835	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1836	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1837
183820140306:
1839	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1840	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1841	with command line option -W.
1842
184320140226:
1844	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1845	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1846	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1847	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1848	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1849
185020140216:
1851	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1852
185320140216:
1854	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1855	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1856
185720140212:
1858	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1859	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1860	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1861	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1862	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1863
186420140204:
1865	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1866	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1867	kernel is still highly recommended.
1868
186920140131:
1870	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1871	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1872	capability mode support in kernel.
1873
187420140128:
1875	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1876	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1877	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1878	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1879	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1880
188120140110:
1882	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1883	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1884	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1885	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1886	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1887	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1888
188920131213:
1890	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1891	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1892	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1893	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1894	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1895	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1896	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1897	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1898	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1899
190020131108:
1901	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1902	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1903	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1904	should change your settings to use the latter.
1905
190620131025:
1907	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1908	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1909	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1910	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1911	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1912
191320131014:
1914	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1915	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1916	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1917	delete-old-libs":
1918	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1919	  or
1920	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1921
192220131010:
1923	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1924	revision r256279.
1925
1926COMMON ITEMS:
1927
1928	General Notes
1929	-------------
1930	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1931	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1932	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1933	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1934	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1935	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1936	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1937
1938	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1939	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1940	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1941	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1942	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1943
1944	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1945	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1946	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1947	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1948	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1949	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1950	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1951	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1952	an exception.
1953
1954	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1955	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1956	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1957	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1958
1959	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1960	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1961	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1962	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1963	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1964	should write them with this in mind.
1965
1966	ZFS notes
1967	---------
1968	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1969	these two steps:
1970
1971	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1972	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1973
1974	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1975
1976	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1977	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1978	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1979
1980	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1981
1982	To build a kernel
1983	-----------------
1984	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1985	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1986	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1987
1988	make kernel-toolchain
1989	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1990	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1991
1992	To test a kernel once
1993	---------------------
1994	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1995	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1996	debugging information) run
1997	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1998	nextboot -k testkernel
1999
2000	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2001	-----------------------------------------------------------
2002	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2003	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2004
2005	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2006	make buildworld
2007	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2008	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2009							[1]
2010	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2011	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2012	make installworld
2013	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2014	make delete-old					[6]
2015	<reboot>
2016
2017	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2018	--------------------------------------------------
2019	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2020	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2021	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2022	# size.
2023
2024	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2025	<boot into -stable>
2026	make buildworld
2027	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2028	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2029	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2030	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2031	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2032	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2033	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2034	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2035	<reboot into current>
2036	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2037	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2038	<reboot>
2039
2040
2041	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2042	----------------------------------------------
2043	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2044	make buildworld					[9]
2045	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2046	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2047							[1]
2048	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2049	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2050	make installworld
2051	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2052	make delete-old					[6]
2053	<reboot>
2054
2055	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2056	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2057	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2058	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2059	the UPDATING entries.
2060
2061	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2062	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2063	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2064	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2065	much fewer pitfalls.
2066
2067	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2068	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2069	system on reboot.
2070
2071	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2072		fsck -p
2073		mount -u /
2074		mount -a
2075		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2076		cd src			# full path to source
2077		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2078	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2079	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2080
2081	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2082	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2083	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2084	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2085	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2086	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2087	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2088
2089	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2090	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2091	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2092	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2093	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2094	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2095
2096	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2097	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2098	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2099
2100	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2101	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2102	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2103	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2104	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2105	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2106	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2107	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2108
2109	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2110	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2111	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2112	for these as well.
2113
2114	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2115	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2116	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2117
2118	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2119	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2120	warn if it is improperly defined.
2121FORMAT:
2122
2123This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2124breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2125list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2126If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2127to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2128
2129Copyright information:
2130
2131Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.
2132
2133Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2134modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2135document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2136
2137THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2138IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2139WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2140DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2141INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2142(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2143SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2144HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2145STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2146IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2147POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2148
2149Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2150this document.
2151
2152$FreeBSD$
2153