xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 1a13f2e6b444dd8048aebd2ac1f0b8fae9e3088f)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920191003:
30	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
31	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
32	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
33	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
34
3520190913:
36	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
37	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
38	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
39	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
40
4120190823:
42	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
43	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
44	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
45
4620190727:
47	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
48	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
49	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
50	your scripts, because they had no effect.
51
52	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
53	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
54	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
55	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
56	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
57
5820190713:
59	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
60	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
61	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
62	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
63	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
64	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
65	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
66
6720190620:
68	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
69	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
70	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
71	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
72
7320190612:
74	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
75	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
76	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
77	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
78
7920190608:
80	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
81	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
82	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
83
8420190513:
85	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
86	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
87	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
88	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
89	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
90	avoid running into the limit.
91
9220190507:
93	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
94	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
95
9620190507:
97	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
98	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
99	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
100	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
101	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
102	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
103
10420190418:
105	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
106	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
107	entropy:
108
109	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
110	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
111	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
112	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
113	availability properties.
114
115	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
116	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
117	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
118	initial condition, if desired.
119
120	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
121	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
122
123	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
124	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
125	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
126	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
127
12820190416:
129	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
130	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
131	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
132	therefore unblocked).
133
13420190404:
135	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
136	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
137	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
138	is added to the command line.
139	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
140	not affected and should continue to work.
141
14220190320:
143	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
144	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
145	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
146	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
147
14820190304:
149	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
150	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
151	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
152	or higher.
153
15420190226:
155	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
156	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
157	kernel config.
158
15920190219:
160	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
161	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
162	migrating to the drm ports.
163
16420190131:
165	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
166	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
167	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
168	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
169	is loaded automatically.
170
17120190125:
172	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
173	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
174	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
175	kernel config files.
176
17720181230:
178	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
179	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
180	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
181	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
182
18320181220:
184	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
185	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
186	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
187	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
188	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
189	most NFSv4 mounts.
190
19120181219:
192	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
193	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
194	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
195
196	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
197	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
198
199	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
200	removed from the mips port.
201
20220181211:
203	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
204	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
205	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
206	or higher.
207
20820181211:
209	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
210	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
211
21220181126:
213	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
214	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
215	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
216	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
217
21820181123:
219	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
220	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
221	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
222
22320181115:
224	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
225	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
226	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
227	FreeBSD versions.
228
22920181110:
230	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
231	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
232	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
233
234	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
235	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
236	being included using the command:
237		$ newsyslog -Nrv
238
23920181015:
240	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
241	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
242	drm-legacy-kmod.
243
244	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
245	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
246	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
247	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
248	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
249	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
250	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
251	that as you will get better support.
252
253	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
254	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
255	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
256	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
257
258	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
259	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
260	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
261	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
262	shortly.
263
26420181012:
265	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
266	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
267	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
268	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
269	be adjusted as necessary.
270
27120181009:
272	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
273	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
274	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
275	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
276
27720181006:
278	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
279	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
280	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
281	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
282	encouraged.
283
28420181002:
285	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
286	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
287	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
288	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
289	nda device name.
290
29120180913:
292	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
293	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
294	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
295	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
296	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
297	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
298
29920180826:
300	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
301	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
302	default since FreeBSD-11.
303
30420180822:
305	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
306	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
307	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
308
30920180818:
310	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
311	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
312	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
313	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
314	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
315	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
316	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
317
318	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
319	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
320
32120180815:
322	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
323	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
324	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
325	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
326	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
327	may not be observed in a future release.
328
32920180808:
330	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
331	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
332	your environment.
333
33420180731:
335	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
336	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
337	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
338	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
339
34020180730:
341	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
342	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
343	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
344	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
345	runtime services.
346
34720180727:
348	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
349	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
350	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
351
35220180723:
353	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
354	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
355	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
356	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
357	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
358
35920180720:
360	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
361	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
362	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
363	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
364	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
365	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
366
36720180719:
368	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
369	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
370	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
371	boot_serial=YES
372	boot_multicons=YES
373	in /boot/loader.conf
374	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
375	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
376	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
377
37820180719:
379	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
380	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
381	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
382	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
383	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
384	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
385	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
386	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
387	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
388	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
389	by the ntpd user.
390
39120180717:
392	Big endian arm support has been removed.
393
39420180711:
395	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
396	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
397	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
398	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
399	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
400
40120180705:
402	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
403	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
404	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
405	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
406	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
407	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
408
40920180702:
410	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
411	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
412
41320180701:
414	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
415	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
416	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
417	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
418	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
419	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
420	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
421
42220180630:
423	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
424	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
425	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
426	or higher.
427
42820180628:
429	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
430	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
431	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
432	file.
433
43420180612:
435	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
436	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
437
43820180530:
439	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
440	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
441	longer necessary.
442
44320180530:
444	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
445	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
446	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
447	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
448
44920180523:
450	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
451	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
452	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
453	later than r334108.
454
45520180517:
456	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
457	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
458	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
459	it must be removed.
460
46120180510:
462	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
463	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
464	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
465	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
466	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
467	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
468	will go away.
469
470	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
471	workaround is necessary.
472
47320180508:
474	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
475	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
476	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
477	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
478
47920180504:
480	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
481	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
482	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
483	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
484	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
485
48620180502:
487	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
488	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
489	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
490	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
491
49220180501:
493	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
494	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
495	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
496	be removed.
497
49820180413:
499	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
500	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
501	removed.
502
50320180411:
504	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
505	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
506	removed.
507
50820180406:
509	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
510	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
511	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
512	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
513	microseconds and time zone offsets.
514
515	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
516	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
517	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
518	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
519	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
520	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
521	adjustments, depending on the software used.
522
523	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
524	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
525
526		source src {
527			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
528		}
529
530	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
531	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
532	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
533
534		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
535
536	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
537	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
538	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
539	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
540	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
541	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
542	thus expected to continue to function as before.
543
544	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
545	change.
546
54720180328:
548	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
549	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
550	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
551
55220180323:
553	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
554	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
555	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
556	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
557	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
558	should be as simple as:
559
560		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
561		$ make depend all install
562
56320180212:
564	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
565	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
566	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
567	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
568	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
569	provisions for backup boot methods.
570
57120180211:
572	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
573	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
574	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
575	imp@freebsd.org.
576
57720180114:
578	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
579	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
580	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
581	or higher.
582
58320180110:
584	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
585	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
586	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
587
588	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
589	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
590
59120180110:
592	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
593	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
594	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
595	remove it from kernel config files.
596
59720180104:
598	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
599	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
600	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
601
602	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
603	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
604
60520180102:
606	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
607	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
608	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
609	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
610
61120171215:
612	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
613	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
614
61520171214:
616	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
617	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
618	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
619	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
620
62120171125:
622	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
623	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
624	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
625	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
626	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
627	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
628
62920171110:
630	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
631	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
632	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
633
63420171106:
635	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
636	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
637	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
638	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
639	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
640
64120171102:
642	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
643	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
644	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
645	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
646	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
647	environment.
648
64920171101:
650	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
651	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
652	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
653	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
654	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
655	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
656	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
657	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
658	than hardcoding paths.
659
66020171028:
661	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
662	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
663	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
664
66520171021:
666	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
667	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
668	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
669	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
670
67120171010:
672	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
673	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
674
67520171005:
676	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
677	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
678	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
679	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
680
68120171003:
682	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
683	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
684	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
685	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
686	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
687
68820170912:
689	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
690	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
691	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
692	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
693	/etc/ctl.conf .
694
69520170912:
696	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
697	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
698	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
699	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
700	soft-float everything else should be affected.
701
70220170826:
703	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
704	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
705
70620170825:
707	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
708	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
709	to complete.
710
71120170814:
712	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
713	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
714	${TESTSDIR}.
715
716	Behavioral changes:
717	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
718	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
719	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
720	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
721
722	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
723	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
724	sandbox if successful.
725
726	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
727	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
728	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
729	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
730	an unprivileged user.
731
73220170808:
733	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
734	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
735	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
736	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
737	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
738	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
739	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
740	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
741	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
742	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
743	to which you should answer yes.
744
74520170728:
746	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
747	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
748	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
749	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
750	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
751
75220170722:
753	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
754	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
755	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
756
75720170701:
758	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
759	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
760
76120170625:
762	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
763	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
764	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
765	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
766	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
767	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
768	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
769
77020170623:
771	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
772	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
773	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
774	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
775	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
776	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
777
77820170620:
779	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
780	if you require the GPL compiler.
781
78220170618:
783	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
784	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
785	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
786
78720170617:
788	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
789	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
790	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
791	followed.
792
79320170531:
794	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
795	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
796	from ports (and recommends to install it).
797	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
798	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
799	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
800
80120170524:
802	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
803	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
804	which only require one chipset support.
805
806	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
807
808	if_ath_load="YES"
809
810	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
811	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
812	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
813
814	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
815	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
816
817	* load ath_hal
818	* load the chip modules in question
819	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
820	* load ath_main
821	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
822	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
823
824	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
825
82620170523:
827	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
828	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
829	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
830
831	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
832	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
833	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
834
835	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
836	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
837	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
838	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
839	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
840	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
841	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
842	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
843
84420170424:
845	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
846	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
847	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
848
84920170420:
850	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
851	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
852	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
853
85420170413:
855	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
856	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
857	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
858	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
859	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
860	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
861	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
862
86320170407:
864	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
865	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
866	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
867	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
868
86920170405:
870	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
871	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
872	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
873
87420170331:
875	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
876	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
877	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
878
87920170329:
880	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
881	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
882
883	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
884	via one of the following methods:
885	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
886	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
887	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
888	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
889
890	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
891
89220170316:
893	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
894	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
895	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
896	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
897	with mmc.ko).
898
89920170315:
900	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
901	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
902	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
903	be prefixed with colon.
904
90520170311:
906	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
907	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
908	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
909
91020170302:
911	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
912	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
913	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
914
91520170221:
916	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
917	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
918	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
919	change.
920
92120170216:
922	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
923	valid.
924
92520170215:
926	MCA bus support has been removed.
927
92820170127:
929	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
930	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
931
93220170112:
933	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
934	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
935
93620170109:
937	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
938	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
939	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
940	configuration.
941
94220161217:
943	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
944	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
945	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
946
94720161124:
948	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
949	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
950	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
951
95220161119:
953	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
954	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
955	that link against it need to be recompiled.
956
95720161030:
958	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
959	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
960	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
961	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
962
96320161017:
964	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
965	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
966	parts.
967	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
968	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
969
97020161015:
971	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
972	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
973	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
974	removed from base.
975
97620161008:
977	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
978	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
979	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
980
98120161003:
982	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
983	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
984
98520160924:
986	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
987	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
988	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
989	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
990
99120160918:
992	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
993	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
994	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
995	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
996	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
997
99820160918:
999	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1000
100120160908:
1002	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1003	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1004	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1005	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1006
100720160824:
1008	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1009	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1010	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1011	to 1200005.
1012
101320160818:
1014	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1015	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1016	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1017	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1018	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1019	0.
1020
102120160818:
1022	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1023	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1024
102520160708:
1026	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1027
102820160622:
1029	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1030	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1031	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1032	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1033	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1034	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1035	kernel.
1036
103720160527:
1038	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1039	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1040	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1041	previously contained a line like
1042	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1043	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1044	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1045	generally be fine.
1046
104720160523:
1048	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1049	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1050	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1051	built with the old headers.
1052
105320160520:
1054	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1055	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1056	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1057	installing a new libc.
1058
105920160517:
1060	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1061	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1062	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1063	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1064	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1065	packages will be needed.
1066
1067	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1068	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1069	and the install steps.
1070
107120160510:
1072	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1073	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1074	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1075	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1076	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1077	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1078
107920160414:
1080	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1081	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1082	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1083	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1084	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1085
1086		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1087		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1088		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1089		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1090		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1091
1092	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1093	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1094	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1095	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1096	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1097	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1098	vendors work.
1099
1100	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1101	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1102		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1103	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1104	quirks entry to 0x3.
1105
110620160330:
1107	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1108	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1109	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1110
111120160317:
1112	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1113	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1114
111520160311:
1116	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1117	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1118	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1119	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1120	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1121	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1122	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1123	stale .depend files.
1124
112520160306:
1126	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1127	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1128	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1129	rebooting, e.g.:
1130
1131	make buildworld
1132	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1133	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1134	make -C sys/boot install
1135	<reboot in single user>
1136
1137	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1138	below.
1139
114020160305:
1141	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1142	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1143	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1144
114520160301:
1146	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1147	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1148	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1149	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1150	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1151	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1152
115320160226:
1154	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1155	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1156	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1157	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1158	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1159
116020160129:
1161	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1162	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1163	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1164	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1165	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1166
116720160119:
1168	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1169	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1170
117120160113:
1172	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1173	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1174	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1175
117620151216:
1177	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1178	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1179	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1180	other loaders.
1181
118220151211:
1183	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1184	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1185	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1186	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1187	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1188	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1189
119020151207:
1191	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1192	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1193	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1194	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1195	in src.conf(5).
1196
119720151130:
1198	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1199	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1200	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1201
120220151108:
1203	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1204	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1205	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1206
1207	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1208	collation results will be different.
1209
1210	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1211	locales before running make installworld.
1212
1213	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1214
121520151030:
1216	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1217	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1218
121920151020:
1220	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1221	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1222	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1223
122420151017:
1225	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1226	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1227	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1228	and 'make -N' will not.
1229
123020151012:
1231	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1232	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1233	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1234	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1235	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1236	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1237	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1238	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1239
124020151011:
1241	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1242	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1243	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1244	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1245
124620151006:
1247	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1248	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1249	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1250
125120150924:
1252	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1253	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1254	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1255	userland debug files.
1256
1257	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1258	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1259	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1260
1261	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1262	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1263
126420150827:
1265	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1266	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1267	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1268	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1269	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1270	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1271
127220150827:
1273	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1274	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1275	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1276
127720150817:
1278	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1279	them, the kernel must have
1280
1281	device	random
1282	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1283
1284	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1285	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1286	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1287	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1288
1289	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1290	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1291
129220150813:
1293	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1294	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1295	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1296
129720150810:
1298	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1299	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1300	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1301	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1302
1303	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1304	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1305	difference with this change.
1306
1307	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1308	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1309	remove that workaround.
1310
131120150809:
1312	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1313	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1314	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1315	with:
1316
1317	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1318
131920150806:
1320	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1321	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1322	loader.rc.local instead.
1323
132420150805:
1325	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1326	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1327	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1328
132920150728:
1330	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1331	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1332	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1333
1334	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1335	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1336
133720150706:
1338	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1339	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1340	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1341	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1342	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1343	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1344	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1345	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1346	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1347	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1348	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1349	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1350
135120150630:
1352	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1353	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1354
1355	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1356	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1357	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1358
1359	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1360	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1361
1362	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1363	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1364	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1365
1366	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1367	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1368	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1369	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1370
1371	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1372	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1373	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1374	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1375
1376	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1377	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1378	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1379	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1380	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1381	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1382	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1383	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1384	will never happen.
1385
138620150623:
1387	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1388	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1389
139020150616:
1391	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1392	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1393
139420150615:
1395	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1396	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1397	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1398	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1399	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1400
140120150614:
1402	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1403	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1404	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1405	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1406
140720150614:
1408	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1409	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1410	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1411	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1412	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1413	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1414	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1415
1416	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1417	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1418	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1419	   replace it with '2'.
1420	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1421	   a file path, create a new file with:
1422		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1423	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1424		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1425	5. Restart sendmail:
1426		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1427
1428	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1429	updated.
1430
143120150604:
1432	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1433	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1434	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1435	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1436	5.x.
1437
1438	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1439
144020150525:
1441	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1442	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1443	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1444
144520150521:
1446	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1447	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1448	and Pandaboard:
1449
1450	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1451	  same but content is different now
1452	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1453	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1454	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1455	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1456	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1457
145820150501:
1459	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1460	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1461	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1462
146320150423:
1464	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1465	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1466
146720150415:
1468	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1469	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1470
147120150416:
1472	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1473	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1474	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1475
147620150324:
1477	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1478	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1479	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1480	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1481
148220150315:
1483	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1484	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1485	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1486
148720150307:
1488	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1489	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1490	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1491	kernel before rebooting.
1492
149320150217:
1494	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1495	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1496	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1497	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1498	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1499	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1500
150120150210:
1502	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1503	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1504	with the new kernel.
1505
150620150131:
1507	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1508	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1509	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1510
151120150118:
1512	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1513	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1514	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1515	are not already using 3.5.0.
1516
151720150107:
1518	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1519	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1520	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1521	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1522	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1523
152420150105:
1525	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1526	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1527	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1528	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1529
153020150102:
1531	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1532	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1533
153420141231:
1535	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1536
1537	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1538	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1539	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1540	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1541	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1542	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1543	later.
1544
1545	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1546	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1547	of the box.
1548
1549	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1550	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1551	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1552	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1553
1554	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1555	the instructions for 9.x above.
1556
1557	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1558	default, and do not build clang.
1559
1560	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1561	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1562	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1563
1564	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1565	the following are most likely to appear:
1566
1567	-Wabsolute-value
1568
1569	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1570	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1571	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1572	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1573	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1574	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1575	  cast, or disable the warning.
1576
1577	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1578	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1579	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1580	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1581	  side-effects.
1582
1583	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1584	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1585
1586	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1587	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1588	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1589	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1590
1591	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1592	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1593	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1594	unreachable could be optimized away.
1595
159620141222:
1597	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1598	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1599	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1600	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1601	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1602	the utilities will report errors.
1603
160420141121:
1605	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1606	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1607	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1608	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1609	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1610	LOCAL_DIRS.
1611
161220141109:
1613	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1614	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1615
161620141104:
1617	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1618	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1619	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1620	drivers.
1621
1622	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1623	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1624	indicate what you need to do.
1625
1626	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1627	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1628	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1629
1630	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1631	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1632	  kern.vty=sc
1633
163420141102:
1635	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1636	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1637	execute it.
1638
163920141009:
1640	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1641	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1642	devel/gperf port.
1643
164420140923:
1645	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1646	contrib/pjdfstest .
1647
164820140922:
1649	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1650	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1651	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1652	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1653	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1654	their next update cycle.
1655
165620140729:
1657	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1658	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1659	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1660	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1661	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1662
166320140723:
1664	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1665	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1666
166720140719:
1668	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1669	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1670	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1671	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1672	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1673	new configuration.
1674
167520140709:
1676	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1677	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1678	them again.
1679	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1680
168120140708:
1682	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1683	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1684	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1685	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1686	requires readline.
1687
168820140702:
1689	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1690	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1691	architecture.
1692
169320140701:
1694	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1695	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1696	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1697	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1698	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1699
170020140629:
1701	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1702	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1703	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1704
170520140619:
1706	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1707	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1708	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1709
171020140606:
1711	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1712	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1713	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1714	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1715	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1716	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1717	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1718	"make installworld".
1719
1720	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1721	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1722	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1723	is run.
1724
1725	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1726	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1727	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1728	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1729	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1730
173120140512:
1732	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1733
173420140508:
1735	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1736	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1737	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1738
173920140505:
1740	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1741	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1742	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1743	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1744	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1745	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1746	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1747	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1748	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1749	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1750	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1751	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1752
1753	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1754	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1755	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1756	as well.
1757
175820140430:
1759	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1760	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1761
176220140424:
1763	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1764	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1765	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1766	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1767	build hosts for older releases.
1768
1769	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1770	r276991, respectively.
1771
177220140418:
1773	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1774	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1775	will silently lack HESIOD.
1776
177720140405:
1778	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1779	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1780	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1781	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1782	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1783	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1784	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1785	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1786	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1787	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1788	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1789	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1790
179120140306:
1792	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1793	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1794	with command line option -W.
1795
179620140226:
1797	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1798	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1799	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1800	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1801	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1802
180320140216:
1804	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1805
180620140216:
1807	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1808	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1809
181020140212:
1811	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1812	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1813	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1814	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1815	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1816
181720140204:
1818	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1819	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1820	kernel is still highly recommended.
1821
182220140131:
1823	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1824	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1825	capability mode support in kernel.
1826
182720140128:
1828	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1829	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1830	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1831	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1832	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1833
183420140110:
1835	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1836	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1837	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1838	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1839	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1840	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1841
184220131213:
1843	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1844	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1845	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1846	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1847	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1848	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1849	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1850	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1851	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1852
185320131108:
1854	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1855	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1856	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1857	should change your settings to use the latter.
1858
185920131025:
1860	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1861	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1862	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1863	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1864	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1865
186620131014:
1867	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1868	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1869	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1870	delete-old-libs":
1871	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1872	  or
1873	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1874
187520131010:
1876	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1877	revision r256279.
1878
1879COMMON ITEMS:
1880
1881	General Notes
1882	-------------
1883	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1884	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1885	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1886	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1887	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1888	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1889	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1890
1891	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1892	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1893	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1894	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1895	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1896
1897	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1898	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1899	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1900	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1901	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1902	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1903	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1904	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1905	an exception.
1906
1907	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1908	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1909	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1910	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1911
1912	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1913	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1914	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1915	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1916	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1917	should write them with this in mind.
1918
1919	ZFS notes
1920	---------
1921	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1922	these two steps:
1923
1924	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1925	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1926
1927	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1928
1929	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1930	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1931	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
1932
1933	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1934
1935	To build a kernel
1936	-----------------
1937	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1938	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1939	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1940
1941	make kernel-toolchain
1942	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1943	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1944
1945	To test a kernel once
1946	---------------------
1947	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1948	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1949	debugging information) run
1950	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1951	nextboot -k testkernel
1952
1953	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1954	-----------------------------------------------------------
1955	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1956	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1957
1958	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1959	make buildworld
1960	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1961	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1962							[1]
1963	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1964	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
1965	make installworld
1966	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
1967	make delete-old					[6]
1968	<reboot>
1969
1970	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1971	--------------------------------------------------
1972	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1973	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1974	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1975	# size.
1976
1977	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1978	<boot into -stable>
1979	make buildworld
1980	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1981	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1982	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1983	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1984	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1985	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1986	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1987	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1988	<reboot into current>
1989	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1990	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1991	<reboot>
1992
1993
1994	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1995	----------------------------------------------
1996	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1997	make buildworld					[9]
1998	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1999	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2000							[1]
2001	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2002	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2003	make installworld
2004	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2005	make delete-old					[6]
2006	<reboot>
2007
2008	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2009	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2010	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2011	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2012	the UPDATING entries.
2013
2014	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2015	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2016	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2017	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2018	much fewer pitfalls.
2019
2020	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2021	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2022	system on reboot.
2023
2024	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2025		fsck -p
2026		mount -u /
2027		mount -a
2028		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2029		cd src			# full path to source
2030		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2031	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2032	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2033
2034	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2035	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2036	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2037	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2038	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2039	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2040	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2041
2042	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2043	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2044	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2045	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2046	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2047	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2048
2049	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2050	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2051	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2052
2053	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2054	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2055	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2056	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2057	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2058	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2059	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2060	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2061
2062	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2063	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2064	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2065	for these as well.
2066
2067	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2068	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2069	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2070
2071	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2072	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2073	warn if it is improperly defined.
2074FORMAT:
2075
2076This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2077breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2078list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2079If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2080to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2081
2082Copyright information:
2083
2084Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.
2085
2086Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2087modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2088document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2089
2090THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2091IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2092WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2093DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2094INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2095(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2096SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2097HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2098STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2099IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2100POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2101
2102Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2103this document.
2104
2105$FreeBSD$
2106