xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 162ae9c834f6d9f9cb443bd62cceb23e0b5fef48)
1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW:
15	FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
16	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
17	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
18	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
19	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
20	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
21	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
22	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
23	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
24	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
25	debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely
26	disable the most expensive debugging functionality run
27	"ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
28
2920200108:
30	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
31	linker for riscv64.
32
3320200107:
34	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
35	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
36	external toolchain package.
37
3820200104:
39	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
40	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
41	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
42	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
43	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
44
4520200102:
46	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
47	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
48	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
49	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
50
5120191226:
52	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
53	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
54	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
55	ABI.
56
5720191226:
58	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
59
6020191222:
61	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
62	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
63	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
64	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
65
6620191212:
67	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
68	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
69	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
70
7120191205:
72	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
73	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
74	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
75	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
76	differences between those included in the port and those included in
77	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
78	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
79	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
80
8120191120:
82	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
83	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
84	for automounting.
85
8620191107:
87	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
88	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
89	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
90	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
91	add superio to the set.
92
9320191021:
94	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
95	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
96
9720191021:
98	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
99	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
100	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
101	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
102	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
103	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
104	completely in the future.
105
10620191009:
107	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
108	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
109	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
110	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
111	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
112	will be removed from the list.
113
11420191009:
115	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
116	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
117	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
118	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
119
12020191003:
121	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
122	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
123	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
124	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
125
12620190913:
127	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
128	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
129	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
130	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
131
13220190823:
133	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
134	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
135	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
136
13720190727:
138	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
139	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
140	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
141	your scripts, because they had no effect.
142
143	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
144	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
145	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
146	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
147	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
148
14920190713:
150	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
151	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
152	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
153	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
154	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
155	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
156	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
157
15820190620:
159	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
160	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
161	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
162	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
163
16420190612:
165	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
166	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
167	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
168	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
169
17020190608:
171	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
172	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
173	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
174
17520190513:
176	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
177	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
178	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
179	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
180	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
181	avoid running into the limit.
182
18320190507:
184	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
185	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
186
18720190507:
188	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
189	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
190	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
191	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
192	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
193	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
194
19520190418:
196	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
197	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
198	entropy:
199
200	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
201	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
202	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
203	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
204	availability properties.
205
206	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
207	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
208	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
209	initial condition, if desired.
210
211	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
212	Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
213
214	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
215	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
216	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
217	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
218
21920190416:
220	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
221	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
222	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
223	therefore unblocked).
224
22520190404:
226	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
227	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
228	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
229	is added to the command line.
230	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
231	not affected and should continue to work.
232
23320190320:
234	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
235	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
236	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
237	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
238
23920190304:
240	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
241	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
242	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
243	or higher.
244
24520190226:
246	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
247	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
248	kernel config.
249
25020190219:
251	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
252	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
253	migrating to the drm ports.
254
25520190131:
256	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
257	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
258	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
259	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
260	is loaded automatically.
261
26220190125:
263	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
264	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
265	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
266	kernel config files.
267
26820181230:
269	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
270	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
271	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
272	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
273
27420181220:
275	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
276	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
277	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
278	from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
279	NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect
280	most NFSv4 mounts.
281
28220181219:
283	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
284	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
285	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
286
287	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
288	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
289
290	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
291	removed from the mips port.
292
29320181211:
294	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
295	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
296	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
297	or higher.
298
29920181211:
300	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
301	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
302
30320181126:
304	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
305	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
306	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
307	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
308
30920181123:
310	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
311	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
312	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
313
31420181115:
315	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
316	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
317	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
318	FreeBSD versions.
319
32020181110:
321	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
322	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
323	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
324
325	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
326	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
327	being included using the command:
328		$ newsyslog -Nrv
329
33020181015:
331	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
332	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
333	drm-legacy-kmod.
334
335	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
336	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
337	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
338	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
339	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
340	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
341	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
342	that as you will get better support.
343
344	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
345	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
346	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
347	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
348
349	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
350	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
351	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
352	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
353	shortly.
354
35520181012:
356	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
357	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
358	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
359	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
360	be adjusted as necessary.
361
36220181009:
363	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
364	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
365	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
366	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
367
36820181006:
369	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
370	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
371	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
372	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
373	encouraged.
374
37520181002:
376	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
377	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
378	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
379	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
380	nda device name.
381
38220180913:
383	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
384	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
385	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
386	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
387	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
388	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
389
39020180826:
391	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
392	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
393	default since FreeBSD-11.
394
39520180822:
396	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
397	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
398	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
399
40020180818:
401	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
402	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
403	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
404	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
405	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
406	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
407	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
408
409	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
410	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
411
41220180815:
413	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
414	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
415	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
416	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
417	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
418	may not be observed in a future release.
419
42020180808:
421	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
422	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
423	your environment.
424
42520180731:
426	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
427	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
428	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
429	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
430
43120180730:
432	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
433	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
434	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
435	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
436	runtime services.
437
43820180727:
439	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
440	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
441	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
442
44320180723:
444	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
445	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
446	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
447	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
448	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
449
45020180720:
451	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
452	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
453	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
454	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
455	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
456	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
457
45820180719:
459	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
460	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
461	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
462	boot_serial=YES
463	boot_multicons=YES
464	in /boot/loader.conf
465	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
466	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
467	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
468
46920180719:
470	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
471	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
472	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
473	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
474	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
475	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
476	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
477	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
478	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
479	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
480	by the ntpd user.
481
48220180717:
483	Big endian arm support has been removed.
484
48520180711:
486	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
487	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
488	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
489	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
490	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
491
49220180705:
493	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
494	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
495	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
496	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
497	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
498	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
499
50020180702:
501	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
502	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
503
50420180701:
505	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
506	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
507	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
508	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
509	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
510	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
511	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
512
51320180630:
514	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
515	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
516	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
517	or higher.
518
51920180628:
520	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
521	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
522	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
523	file.
524
52520180612:
526	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
527	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
528
52920180530:
530	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
531	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
532	longer necessary.
533
53420180530:
535	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
536	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
537	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
538	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
539
54020180523:
541	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
542	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
543	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
544	later than r334108.
545
54620180517:
547	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
548	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
549	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
550	it must be removed.
551
55220180510:
553	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
554	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
555	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
556	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
557	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
558	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
559	will go away.
560
561	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
562	workaround is necessary.
563
56420180508:
565	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
566	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
567	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
568	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
569
57020180504:
571	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
572	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
573	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
574	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
575	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
576
57720180502:
578	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
579	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
580	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
581	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
582
58320180501:
584	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
585	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
586	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
587	be removed.
588
58920180413:
590	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
591	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
592	removed.
593
59420180411:
595	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
596	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
597	removed.
598
59920180406:
600	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
601	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
602	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
603	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
604	microseconds and time zone offsets.
605
606	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
607	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
608	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
609	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
610	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
611	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
612	adjustments, depending on the software used.
613
614	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
615	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
616
617		source src {
618			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
619		}
620
621	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
622	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
623	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
624
625		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
626
627	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
628	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
629	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
630	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
631	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
632	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
633	thus expected to continue to function as before.
634
635	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
636	change.
637
63820180328:
639	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
640	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
641	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
642
64320180323:
644	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
645	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
646	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
647	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
648	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
649	should be as simple as:
650
651		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
652		$ make depend all install
653
65420180212:
655	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
656	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
657	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
658	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
659	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
660	provisions for backup boot methods.
661
66220180211:
663	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
664	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
665	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
666	imp@freebsd.org.
667
66820180114:
669	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
670	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
671	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
672	or higher.
673
67420180110:
675	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
676	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
677	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
678
679	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
680	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
681
68220180110:
683	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
684	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
685	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
686	remove it from kernel config files.
687
68820180104:
689	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
690	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
691	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
692
693	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
694	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
695
69620180102:
697	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
698	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
699	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
700	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
701
70220171215:
703	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
704	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
705
70620171214:
707	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
708	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
709	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
710	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
711
71220171125:
713	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
714	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
715	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
716	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
717	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
718	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
719
72020171110:
721	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to
722	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
723	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
724
72520171106:
726	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
727	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
728	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
729	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
730	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
731
73220171102:
733	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
734	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
735	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
736	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
737	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
738	environment.
739
74020171101:
741	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
742	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
743	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
744	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
745	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
746	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
747	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
748	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
749	than hardcoding paths.
750
75120171028:
752	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
753	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
754	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
755
75620171021:
757	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
758	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
759	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
760	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
761
76220171010:
763	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
764	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
765
76620171005:
767	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
768	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
769	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
770	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
771
77220171003:
773	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
774	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
775	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
776	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
777	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
778
77920170912:
780	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
781	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
782	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
783	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
784	/etc/ctl.conf .
785
78620170912:
787	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
788	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
789	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
790	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
791	soft-float everything else should be affected.
792
79320170826:
794	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
795	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
796
79720170825:
798	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
799	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
800	to complete.
801
80220170814:
803	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
804	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
805	${TESTSDIR}.
806
807	Behavioral changes:
808	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
809	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
810	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
811	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
812
813	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
814	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
815	sandbox if successful.
816
817	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
818	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
819	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
820	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
821	an unprivileged user.
822
82320170808:
824	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
825	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
826	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
827	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
828	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
829	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
830	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
831	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
832	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
833	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
834	to which you should answer yes.
835
83620170728:
837	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
838	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
839	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
840	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
841	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
842
84320170722:
844	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
845	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
846	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
847
84820170701:
849	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
850	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
851
85220170625:
853	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
854	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
855	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
856	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
857	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
858	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
859	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
860
86120170623:
862	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
863	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
864	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
865	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
866	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
867	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
868
86920170620:
870	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
871	if you require the GPL compiler.
872
87320170618:
874	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
875	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
876	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
877
87820170617:
879	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
880	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
881	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
882	followed.
883
88420170531:
885	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
886	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
887	from ports (and recommends to install it).
888	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
889	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
890	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
891
89220170524:
893	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
894	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
895	which only require one chipset support.
896
897	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
898
899	if_ath_load="YES"
900
901	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
902	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
903	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
904
905	If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS
906	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
907
908	* load ath_hal
909	* load the chip modules in question
910	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
911	* load ath_main
912	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
913	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
914
915	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
916
91720170523:
918	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
919	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
920	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
921
922	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
923	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
924	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
925
926	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
927	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
928	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
929	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
930	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
931	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
932	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
933	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
934
93520170424:
936	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
937	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
938	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
939
94020170420:
941	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
942	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
943	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
944
94520170413:
946	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
947	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
948	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
949	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
950	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
951	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
952	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
953
95420170407:
955	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
956	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
957	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
958	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
959
96020170405:
961	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
962	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
963	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
964
96520170331:
966	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
967	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
968	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
969
97020170329:
971	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
972	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
973
974	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
975	via one of the following methods:
976	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
977	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
978	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
979	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
980
981	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
982
98320170316:
984	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
985	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
986	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
987	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
988	with mmc.ko).
989
99020170315:
991	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
992	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
993	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
994	be prefixed with colon.
995
99620170311:
997	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
998	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
999	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1000
100120170302:
1002	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1003	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1004	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1005
100620170221:
1007	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1008	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1009	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1010	change.
1011
101220170216:
1013	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1014	valid.
1015
101620170215:
1017	MCA bus support has been removed.
1018
101920170127:
1020	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1021	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1022
102320170112:
1024	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1025	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1026
102720170109:
1028	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1029	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1030	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1031	configuration.
1032
103320161217:
1034	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1035	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1036	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1037
103820161124:
1039	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1040	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1041	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1042
104320161119:
1044	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1045	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1046	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1047
104820161030:
1049	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1050	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1051	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1052	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1053
105420161017:
1055	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1056	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1057	parts.
1058	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1059	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1060
106120161015:
1062	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1063	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1064	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1065	removed from base.
1066
106720161008:
1068	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1069	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1070	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1071
107220161003:
1073	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1074	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1075
107620160924:
1077	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1078	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1079	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1080	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1081
108220160918:
1083	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1084	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1085	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1086	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1087	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1088
108920160918:
1090	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1091
109220160908:
1093	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1094	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1095	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1096	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1097
109820160824:
1099	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1100	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1101	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1102	to 1200005.
1103
110420160818:
1105	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1106	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1107	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1108	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1109	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1110	0.
1111
111220160818:
1113	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1114	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1115
111620160708:
1117	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1118
111920160622:
1120	The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with
1121	a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2)
1122	system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include
1123	"options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the
1124	default).  Users should ensure that this option is enabled in
1125	their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their
1126	kernel.
1127
112820160527:
1129	CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers.
1130	This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using
1131	those disk's diskid device nodes.  For example, if /etc/fstab
1132	previously contained a line like
1133	"/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should
1134	change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456".  Users of geom
1135	transforms like gmirror may also be affected.  ZFS users should
1136	generally be fine.
1137
113820160523:
1139	The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and
1140	improved performance.  But it is binary-incompatible with the old API.
1141	Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects
1142	built with the old headers.
1143
114420160520:
1145	The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64.
1146	Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these
1147	functions and should be updated to the latest version before
1148	installing a new libc.
1149
115020160517:
1151	The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support
1152	for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system
1153	is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT.
1154	This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld
1155	and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New
1156	packages will be needed.
1157
1158	To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add
1159	TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build
1160	and the install steps.
1161
116220160510:
1163	Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to
1164	installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.  Many kernel
1165	modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode
1166	KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules.  However,
1167	manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will
1168	now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel.
1169
117020160414:
1171	The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be
1172	no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the
1173	list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt
1174	data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data
1175	corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete:
1176
1177		o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1178		o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware.
1179		o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware
1180		o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares
1181		o FCCT M500 all firmwares
1182
1183	Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware
1184	with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for
1185	updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these
1186	drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given
1187	this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no
1188	other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above
1189	vendors work.
1190
1191	To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your
1192	drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting:
1193		kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2"
1194	in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the
1195	quirks entry to 0x3.
1196
119720160330:
1198	The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is
1199	now the one true way.  The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has
1200	been removed.  See 20160311 for further details.
1201
120220160317:
1203	Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t.  All
1204	drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled.
1205
120620160311:
1207	WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree
1208	builds.  It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the
1209	'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran
1210	when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before
1211	building anything else.  Dependencies are gathered at compile time with
1212	-MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file.  Users should
1213	run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older
1214	stale .depend files.
1215
121620160306:
1217	On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into
1218	kernel modules.  Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time,
1219	please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before
1220	rebooting, e.g.:
1221
1222	make buildworld
1223	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1224	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1225	make -C sys/boot install
1226	<reboot in single user>
1227
1228	Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section,
1229	below.
1230
123120160305:
1232	Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0.  Please
1233	see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1234	upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1235
123620160301:
1237	The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel.  The
1238	VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed.
1239	Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only
1240	permitted on sockets and raw disks by default.  To enable
1241	asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the
1242	vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value.
1243
124420160226:
1245	The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the
1246	ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a
1247	drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The
1248	(temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set
1249	to obtain the GNU version if necessary.
1250
125120160129:
1252	Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default.  That
1253	feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks.
1254	Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will
1255	still work, even if the guest is using ZFS.  Legacy behavior can be
1256	restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1.
1257
125820160119:
1259	The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH.  They are
1260	still available in the security/openssh-portable port.
1261
126220160113:
1263	With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required
1264	during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user
1265	prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
1266
126720151216:
1268	The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a
1269	consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp
1270	server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the
1271	other loaders.
1272
127320151211:
1274	The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has
1275	been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel,
1276	a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced
1277	for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild
1278	the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or
1279	later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding.
1280
128120151207:
1282	Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and
1283	installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but
1284	requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed
1285	world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes
1286	in src.conf(5).
1287
128820151130:
1289	r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and
1290	nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether.
1291	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1292
129320151108:
1294	Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of
1295	order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old
1296	behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C".
1297
1298	Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given
1299	collation results will be different.
1300
1301	Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient
1302	locales before running make installworld.
1303
1304	rm -rf /usr/share/locale/*
1305
130620151030:
1307	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d.  Any binaries requiring
1308	libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled.
1309
131020151020:
1311	Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0.
1312	Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and
1313	should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively.
1314
131520151017:
1316	The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into
1317	sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and
1318	'make -n -n' to recursively show commands.  Now 'make -n' will recurse
1319	and 'make -N' will not.
1320
132120151012:
1322	If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster
1323	and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now
1324	updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld.  If you had
1325	excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may
1326	want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install".
1327	/etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of
1328	whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used.  If you are not using
1329	SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior.
1330
133120151011:
1332	Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed.
1333	It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases
1334	and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.*
1335	environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links.
1336
133720151006:
1338	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0.
1339	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1340	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1341
134220150924:
1343	Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/,
1344	and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements
1345	on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with
1346	userland debug files.
1347
1348	When using the supported kernel installation method the
1349	/usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old)
1350	as is done with /boot/kernel.
1351
1352	Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing
1353	debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5).
1354
135520150827:
1356	The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent
1357	interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts
1358	used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old
1359	scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3)
1360	or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your
1361	rc.d scripts in /etc.
1362
136320150827:
1364	pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'
1365	These configurations are now automatically interpreted as
1366	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
1367
136820150817:
1369	Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use
1370	them, the kernel must have
1371
1372	device	random
1373	options	RANDOM_LOADABLE
1374
1375	kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko
1376	or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect
1377	function calls that the loadable modules need to provide,
1378	the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient.
1379
1380	The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to
1381	unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway.
1382
138320150813:
1384	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1385	Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by
1386	the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob.
1387
138820150810:
1389	The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the
1390	uart(4) driver has been corrected.  Prior to this change the PPS
1391	"assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS
1392	pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse.
1393
1394	As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the
1395	order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant
1396	difference with this change.
1397
1398	Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by
1399	configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to
1400	remove that workaround.
1401
140220150809:
1403	The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed
1404	from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have
1405	access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group
1406	with:
1407
1408	# pw groupmod video -m $USER
1409
141020150806:
1411	The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during
1412	upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and
1413	loader.rc.local instead.
1414
141520150805:
1416	GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size,
1417	strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob
1418	WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools.
1419
142020150728:
1421	As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some
1422	architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than
1423	ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing).
1424
1425	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater
1426	than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations.
1427
142820150706:
1429	sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2.  Starting with FreeBSD 11.0
1430	and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by
1431	default, i.e., they will not contain "::".  For example, instead
1432	of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1.  This permits a zero subnet
1433	to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for
1434	IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0.  This change requires that configuration
1435	data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must
1436	use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is
1437	upgrading.  As a very simple check search for patterns like
1438	'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'.  To return to the old
1439	behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or
1440	the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses.
1441
144220150630:
1443	The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now
1444	Fortuna, replacing Yarrow.
1445
1446	Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config
1447	file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override
1448	this default. You may choose *ONE* of:
1449
1450	options	RANDOM_YARROW	# Legacy /dev/random algorithm.
1451	options	RANDOM_DUMMY	# Blocking-only driver.
1452
1453	If you have neither, you get Fortuna.  For most people,
1454	read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works
1455	like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant.
1456
1457	If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed
1458	entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building
1459	embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading,
1460	and it is assumed you know what you need.
1461
1462	*PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the
1463	habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member
1464	of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual
1465	behaviour from your security subsystems.
1466
1467	NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device
1468	random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and
1469	many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH.
1470	You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set
1471	of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3)
1472	and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND
1473	sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to
1474	share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this
1475	will never happen.
1476
147720150623:
1478	An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail
1479	entry below has been committed in revision 284717.
1480
148120150616:
1482	FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is
1483	available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake.
1484
148520150615:
1486	The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry
1487	below has been committed in revision 284436.  The work
1488	around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the
1489	default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration
1490	setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file.
1491
149220150614:
1493	ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from
1494	atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf
1495	and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work
1496	with Kyuafile and kyua.
1497
149820150614:
1499	The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl
1500	security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes
1501	with DH parameters below 768 bits.  sendmail releases prior
1502	to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit
1503	DH parameter setting for client connections.  To work around
1504	this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a
1505	2048 bit DH parameter by:
1506
1507	1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc
1508	2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or
1509	   exists and is set to a string beginning with '5',
1510	   replace it with '2'.
1511	3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to
1512	   a file path, create a new file with:
1513		openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048
1514	4. Rebuild the .cf file:
1515		cd /etc/mail/; make; make install
1516	5. Restart sendmail:
1517		cd /etc/mail/; make restart
1518
1519	A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be
1520	updated.
1521
152220150604:
1523	Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default
1524	in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted
1525	entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new,
1526	machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD
1527	5.x.
1528
1529	Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details.
1530
153120150525:
1532	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release.  Please see the
1533	20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading,
1534	if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1535
153620150521:
1537	TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update
1538	may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black,
1539	and Pandaboard:
1540
1541	- dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the
1542	  same but content is different now
1543	- GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank)
1544	  has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old
1545	  addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3.
1546	- Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is
1547	  now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0
1548
154920150501:
1550	soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim.
1551	If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff
1552	from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff.
1553
155420150423:
1555	chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as
1556	defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored.
1557
155820150415:
1559	The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with
1560	POSIX.  The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards.
1561
156220150416:
1563	Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding
1564	DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies.  This is now
1565	enforced in src.libnames.mk.
1566
156720150324:
1568	From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers
1569	supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4).
1570	Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely,
1571	replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively.
1572
157320150315:
1574	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release.  Please see
1575	the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and
1576	upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher.
1577
157820150307:
1579	The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1580	executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8)
1581	newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and
1582	kernel before rebooting.
1583
158420150217:
1585	If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014),
1586	but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly.  Immediately
1587	upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g.
1588	ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that
1589	range.  This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random
1590	or /dev/urandom.  All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected.
1591
159220150210:
1593	The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility
1594	with 10.1-RELEASE.  The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work
1595	with the new kernel.
1596
159720150131:
1598	The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent
1599	executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8),
1600	so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting.
1601
160220150118:
1603	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release.  This is a bugfix
1604	only release, no new features have been added.  Please see the 20141231
1605	entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you
1606	are not already using 3.5.0.
1607
160820150107:
1609	ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now
1610	taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They
1611	should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support.
1612	The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the
1613	binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information.
1614
161520150105:
1616	The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control
1617	using a local socket.  Users who have already enabled the
1618	local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration
1619	by running "service local_unbound setup" as root.
1620
162120150102:
1622	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed.
1623	To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports.
1624
162520141231:
1626	Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release.
1627
1628	As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is
1629	a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library.  This means that to
1630	be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with
1631	clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler
1632	should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your
1633	system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or
1634	later.
1635
1636	On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and
1637	libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out
1638	of the box.
1639
1640	On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and
1641	powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be
1642	built (with clang) and installed first.  If both clang and libc++ are
1643	missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++.
1644
1645	On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow
1646	the instructions for 9.x above.
1647
1648	Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by
1649	default, and do not build clang.
1650
1651	Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to
1652	build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all.  In those
1653	cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround.
1654
1655	This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which
1656	the following are most likely to appear:
1657
1658	-Wabsolute-value
1659
1660	This warns in two cases, for both C and C++:
1661	* When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned
1662	  quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was
1663	  intended.  The code should be fixed, if at all possible.  If you are
1664	  sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without
1665	  loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit
1666	  cast, or disable the warning.
1667
1668	* When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called
1669	  abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation.
1670	  If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please
1671	  make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted
1672	  side-effects.
1673
1674	-Wtautological-undefined-compare and
1675	-Wundefined-bool-conversion
1676
1677	These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while
1678	'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code.  However, there is
1679	some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this
1680	feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions.
1681
1682	Squid and openjdk do this, for example.  The warning can be turned off
1683	for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result
1684	in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are
1685	unreachable could be optimized away.
1686
168720141222:
1688	The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER)
1689	kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some
1690	utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later.
1691	If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail.
1692	If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used,
1693	the utilities will report errors.
1694
169520141121:
1696	The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of
1697	directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent
1698	directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS.  Users with build systems with
1699	such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent
1700	directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to
1701	LOCAL_DIRS.
1702
170320141109:
1704	faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith
1705	has been obsolete for a very long time.
1706
170720141104:
1708	vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings
1709	support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as
1710	support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video
1711	drivers.
1712
1713	You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf,
1714	most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will
1715	indicate what you need to do.
1716
1717	vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to
1718	syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information:
1719	  https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons
1720
1721	If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding
1722	the following line to /boot/loader.conf:
1723	  kern.vty=sc
1724
172520141102:
1726	pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite.
1727	Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to
1728	execute it.
1729
173020141009:
1731	gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures
1732	that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the
1733	devel/gperf port.
1734
173520140923:
1736	pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to
1737	contrib/pjdfstest .
1738
173920140922:
1740	At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted
1741	to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure
1742	update.  If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports,
1743	add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf.  Users are
1744	encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during
1745	their next update cycle.
1746
174720140729:
1748	The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when
1749	using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This
1750	will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from
1751	initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to
1752	1.12.4_8 or newer.
1753
175420140723:
1755	The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and
1756	TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH.
1757
175820140719:
1759	The default unbound configuration has been modified to address
1760	issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private
1761	address ranges.  If you use the local_unbound service, run
1762	"service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your
1763	configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the
1764	new configuration.
1765
176620140709:
1767	The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed
1768	anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install
1769	them again.
1770	UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal
1771
177220140708:
1773	The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is
1774	statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base
1775	system, and the shared library is no longer installed.  The
1776	devel/readline port is available for third party software that
1777	requires readline.
1778
177920140702:
1780	The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of
1781	known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the
1782	architecture.
1783
178420140701:
1785	Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from
1786	projects/nfsv4.1-server.  Since this includes changes to the
1787	internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full
1788	build of the kernel and modules will be necessary.
1789	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1790
179120140629:
1792	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
1793	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
1794	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
1795
179620140619:
1797	Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to
1798	64 chars, that breaks ABI.  All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm
1799	and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
1800
180120140606:
1802	The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and
1803	1 respectively to match the upstream numbers.  They were out of
1804	sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the
1805	upstream versions were not respected.  These libraries are private
1806	and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a
1807	non-issue.  However, unclean source trees will yield broken test
1808	programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a
1809	"make installworld".
1810
1811	Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into
1812	/usr/libexec/.  Already-built shell test programs will keep the
1813	path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old"
1814	is run.
1815
1816	If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object
1817	tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures.
1818	This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced
1819	binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will
1820	be removed during a clean upgrade.
1821
182220140512:
1823	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
1824
182520140508:
1826	We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should
1827	be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to
1828	ObsoleteFiles.inc).
1829
183020140505:
1831	/etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the
1832	past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old
1833	behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this
1834	behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf
1835	(which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the
1836	behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual
1837	directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that.
1838	Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios,
1839	other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of
1840	temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld
1841	as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this
1842	setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree.
1843
1844	One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk
1845	is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to
1846	use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk
1847	as well.
1848
184920140430:
1850	The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a
1851	standard device.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped.
1852
185320140424:
1854	The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls
1855	building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1)
1856	in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a
1857	build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for
1858	build hosts for older releases.
1859
1860	This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and
1861	r276991, respectively.
1862
186320140418:
1864	The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for
1865	a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds
1866	will silently lack HESIOD.
1867
186820140405:
1869	The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling
1870	of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented
1871	any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL
1872	control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make
1873	changes to the serial console port without having to reboot.
1874	However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is
1875	associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal
1876	line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact.
1877	Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the
1878	serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to
1879	preserve the previous behaviour. E.g:
1880	    ttyu0  "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire"  vt100  on  secure
1881
188220140306:
1883	Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default
1884	to improve performance.  To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind
1885	with command line option -W.
1886
188720140226:
1888	Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream
1889	dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need
1890	to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps
1891	may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail
1892	to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler.
1893
189420140216:
1895	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
1896
189720140216:
1898	The nve(4) driver has been removed.  Please use the nfe(4) driver
1899	for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead.
1900
190120140212:
1902	An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283.
1903	This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built
1904	against the previous version of libc++ to crash.  The incompatibility
1905	has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built
1906	between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled.
1907
190820140204:
1909	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
1910	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
1911	kernel is still highly recommended.
1912
191320140131:
1914	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
1915	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
1916	capability mode support in kernel.
1917
191820140128:
1919	The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer
1920	versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for
1921	these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries
1922	requiring these two libraries should be recompiled.
1923	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006.
1924
192520140110:
1926	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
1927	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
1928	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
1929	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
1930	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
1931	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
1932
193320131213:
1934	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
1935	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
1936	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
1937	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
1938	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
1939	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
1940	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
1941	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
1942	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004.
1943
194420131108:
1945	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
1946	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
1947	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
1948	should change your settings to use the latter.
1949
195020131025:
1951	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
1952	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
1953	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
1954	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
1955	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
1956
195720131014:
1958	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
1959	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
1960	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
1961	delete-old-libs":
1962	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
1963	  or
1964	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
1965
196620131010:
1967	The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head
1968	revision r256279.
1969
1970COMMON ITEMS:
1971
1972	General Notes
1973	-------------
1974	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1975	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1976	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1977	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1978	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1979	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1980	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1981	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1982
1983	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1984	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1985	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1986	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1987	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1988	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1989	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1990	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1991	an exception.
1992
1993	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1994	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1995	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1996	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1997
1998	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1999	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2000	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2001	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2002	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2003	should write them with this in mind.
2004
2005	ZFS notes
2006	---------
2007	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
2008	these two steps:
2009
2010	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2011	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2012
2013	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
2014
2015	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
2016	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2017	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0"
2018
2019	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2020
2021	To build a kernel
2022	-----------------
2023	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2024	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2025	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2026
2027	make kernel-toolchain
2028	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2029	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2030
2031	To test a kernel once
2032	---------------------
2033	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2034	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2035	debugging information) run
2036	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2037	nextboot -k testkernel
2038
2039	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2040	-----------------------------------------------------------
2041	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2042	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2043
2044	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2045	make buildworld
2046	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2047	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2048							[1]
2049	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2050	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2051	make installworld
2052	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2053	make delete-old					[6]
2054	<reboot>
2055
2056	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2057	--------------------------------------------------
2058	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2059	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2060	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2061	# size.
2062
2063	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2064	<boot into -stable>
2065	make buildworld
2066	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2067	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2068	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2069	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2070	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2071	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2072	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2073	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2074	<reboot into current>
2075	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2076	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2077	<reboot>
2078
2079
2080	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2081	----------------------------------------------
2082	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2083	make buildworld					[9]
2084	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2085	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2086							[1]
2087	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2088	mergemaster -Fp					[5]
2089	make installworld
2090	mergemaster -Fi					[4]
2091	make delete-old					[6]
2092	<reboot>
2093
2094	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2095	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2096	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2097	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2098	the UPDATING entries.
2099
2100	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2101	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2102	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2103	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2104	much fewer pitfalls.
2105
2106	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2107	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2108	system on reboot.
2109
2110	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2111		fsck -p
2112		mount -u /
2113		mount -a
2114		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2115		cd src			# full path to source
2116		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2117	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2118	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2119
2120	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2121	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2122	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2123	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2124	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2125	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2126	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2127
2128	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2129	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2130	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2131	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2132	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2133	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2134
2135	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2136	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2137	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2138
2139	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2140	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2141	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2142	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2143	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2144	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2145	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2146	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2147
2148	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2149	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2150	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2151	for these as well.
2152
2153	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2154	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2155	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2156
2157	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2158	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2159	warn if it is improperly defined.
2160FORMAT:
2161
2162This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2163breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2164list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2165If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2166to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2167
2168Copyright information:
2169
2170Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2171
2172Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2173modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2174document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2175
2176THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2177IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2178WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2179DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2180INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2181(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2182SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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