xref: /freebsd/UPDATING (revision 0fde36fe04b2b656a2215f7dad07a52884e8dcfd)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD-CURRENT.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
15NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 15.x IS SLOW:
16	FreeBSD 15.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel
17	and userland.  These features attempt to detect incorrect use of
18	system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity
19	checking and fail stop semantics.  They also substantially impact
20	system performance.  If you want to do performance measurement,
21	benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off.  This
22	includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc
23	debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the
24	kernel.  Many developers choose to disable these features on build
25	machines to maximize performance.  (To completely disable malloc
26	debugging, define WITH_MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/src.conf and rebuild
27	world, or to merely disable the most expensive debugging functionality
28	at runtime, run "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".)
29
3020250727:
31	LLVM's debugging assertions are now disabled in main by default.
32	The WITH_LLVM_ASSERTIONS src.conf(5) knob should be used to
33	enable it when working on LLVM or requesting help with it.
34
3520250726:
36	amd64 kernel configurations must contain "options SMP".
37
3820250725:
39	gssd(8) has been moved to a new package, FreeBSD-gssd.  If you use
40	pkgbase and you need gssd, you should install this package.
41
4220250724:
43	The Kerberos packages which are built when WITH_MITKRB5 is enabled
44	have been renamed from FreeBSD-krb5* to FreeBSD-kerberos*.  This
45	affects pkgbase users who manually enabled WITH_MITKRB5, *or* use
46	the default value of WITH_MITKRB5 and updated past c7da9fb90b0b
47	(20250721) which made WITH_MITKRB5 the default.
48
49	In either case, if you have FreeBSD-krb5* packages installed, you
50	should remove them and (re)install the equivalent FreeBSD-kerberos*
51	packages instead.
52
5320250721:
54	WITH_MITKRB5 is now enabled by default. MIT KRB5 has replaced
55	Heimdal in base. Ports that use USES=gssapi must be rebuilt.
56	A clean buildworld is required.
57
5820250719:
59	Commits 392a82b225 and c00baac0ab both changed the
60	internal API between the NFS modules.  As such, all
61	these modules need to be rebuilt from sources.
62	__FreeBSD_version was bumped to 1500053 for this.
63
6420250710:
65	The shar(1) utility has been removed from base.  The
66	sysutils/freebsd-shar port was created to maintain this version of
67	shar(1) past its removal from base.
68
6920250704:
70	LinuxKPI device.h and acpi changes effecting drivers and drm-kmod.
71	Bump __FreeBSD_version 1500050 to be able to detect these changes.
72
7320250630:
74	Commits 171f66b0c2ca and 8e2a90ac8089 changed the internal
75	api between nfscommon.ko and the other nfs modules.
76	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500049 for this.
77	All NFS related modules must be rebuilt from up-to-date
78	sources.
79
8020250625:
81	"make delete-old" will now remove the Forth bootloader entirely
82	if the system is built with WITHOUT_FORTH.
83
8420250614:
85	MIT KRB5 (MIT Kerberos5) has been imported into 15-CURRENT. To
86	and install MIT KRB5, add WITH_MITKRB5=yes to /etc/src.conf. This
87	will build and install MIT KRB5 1.21.3. And it will remove Heimdal
88	1.5.2 when delete-old and delete-old-libs are run. To revert back
89	simply buildworld/installworld again with delete-old-libs and
90	delete-old.
91
92	At the moment we only know of a couple of ports that might be
93	affected. Adjusting libmap.conf does not circumvent runtime issues.
94	The few affected ports must be rebuilt. A successful exp-run will be
95	run before MIT KRB5 becomes default.
96
97	Those using the KDC in FreeBSD base may wish to wait. The Heimdal
98	HDB is incompatible with the MIT KRB5 KDC. The migration procedure
99	is a little involved.
100
10120250603:
102	LinuxKPI dma-mapping.h were pulled into the tree from drm-kmod.
103	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1500045 to be able to detect this change.
104
10520250527:
106	pf changed extension header handling. It now treats AH headers on IPv4 just
107	like AH headers on IPv6 and skips over them, allowing filtering on the inner
108	protocol.
109
11020250527:
111	pf now blocks IPv6 packets with a hop-by-hop or destination options header by
112	default. Such packets can be passed by adding "allow-opts" to the rule. IPv6
113	options are now handled just like their IPv4 counterparts.
114
11520250527:
116	The CAM target layer userland, i.e. ctld(8), ctladm(8) and ctlstat(8),
117	has moved to the new FreeBSD-ctl package.  If you use pkgbase and you
118	need the CAM Target Layer, you should install the new package.
119
120	Development-related tools (e.g. ar and nm) have moved to the new
121	"FreeBSD-toolchain" package, which subsumes and obsoletes the
122	existing "FreeBSD-elftoolchain" package.  If you use pkgbase and
123	need to compile software, you should install the new package and
124	ensure the old FreeBSD-elftoolchain* packages are completely removed.
125
12620250521:
127	Commit e64fe5ad3a23 removed in6_maxmtu and its setter in6_setmaxmtu().
128	in6_maxmtu is used to store the max IPv6 MTU of all interfaces,
129	however it does not have any in-tree consumers since the introduction
130	from the KAME project. The removal should have little impact, and the
131	max IPv6 MTU can be easily retrieved by iterating over all the attached
132	interface if 3rd party modules need it.
133
13420250515:
135	Commit 772258c89f28 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
136	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
137
13820250513:
139	The bridge(4) sysctl net.link.bridge.member_ifaddrs now defaults to 0,
140	meaning that interfaces added to a bridge may not have IP addresses
141	assigned.  Refer to bridge(4) for more information.
142
14320250507:
144	UMASS quirks and auto-quirk probing has been overhauled. CAM now won't
145	send SYNCHRONIZE CACHE unless MODE PAGE 8 is present and valid. This
146	should allow more devices to work (since the auto quirk code was updated
147	in 14 and broke several e-readers and the like). Please send imp@freebsd.org
148	any regression reports.
149
15020250504:
151	Commit 9419e086e1a3 changed the internal API between the nfscommon
152	and nfscl modules.  Both need to be built from updated sources.
153
15420250412:
155	LinuxKPI alloc routines were changed to return physically contiguous
156	memory where expected. These changes may require out-of-tree drivers
157	to be recompiled.
158	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1500037 to be able to detect this change.
159
16020250409:
161	Intel iwlwifi firmware has been removed from the src repository.
162	Before updating their system, users of iwlwifi(4) or iwx(4) must
163	install the appropriate firmware for their chipset using fwget(8) or
164	building it from ports.
165
16620250314:
167	We now use LLVM's binary utilities (nm, objcopy, etc.) by default.
168	The WITHOUT_LLVM_BINUTILS src.conf(5) knob can be used to revert to
169	ELF Tool Chain tools if desired.
170
17120250303:
172	Commit 4a77657cbc01 changed the ABI between ipfw(8) and ipfw(4).
173	Please note that the old ipfw(8) binary will not work with the new
174	ipfw(4) module. Therefore, it is recommended to disable ipfw during
175	the upgrade, otherwise the host system may become inaccessible because
176	ipfw rules cannot be installed with the old binary.
177
17820250214:
179	Commit 4517fbfd4251 modified the internal API between the
180	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both of these modules
181	need to be rebuilt from sources.
182
18320250201:
184	The NFS related daemons, that provide RPC services to the kernel:
185	gssd(8), rpcbind(8), rpc.tlsservd(8) and rpc.tlsclntd(8), now use a
186	different transport - netlink(4) socket instead of unix(4).  Users of
187	NFS need to upgrade both kernel and world (binaries and libc) at once.
188	Also, any revision between 88cd1e17a7d8 and 99e5a70046da should be
189	avoided.
190
19120250129:
192	Defer the January 19, 2038 date limit in UFS1 filesystems to
193	February 7, 2106. This affects only UFS1 format filesystems.
194	See commit message 1111a44301da for details.
195
19620250127:
197	The Allwinner a10_timer driver has been renamed to aw_driver. If you
198	have a custom kernel configuration including the line 'device
199	a10_timer', it must be adjusted to 'device aw_timer'. The same applies
200	for device exclusions with 'nodevice'.
201
20220250106:
203	A new SOC_ROCKCHIP options appeared, so if you have a custom kernel configuration
204	targetting Rockchip SoC you need to add it so shared and mandatory drivers for
205	this SoC familly will be selected.
206	Also a new rk8xx device was added, this select the base driver for Rockchip PMIC.
207
20820241223:
209	The layout of NFS file handles for the tarfs, tmpfs, cd9660, and ext2fs
210	file systems has changed.  An NFS server that exports any of these file
211	systems will need its clients to unmount and remount the exports.
212
21320241216:
214	The iwm(4) firmwares are no longer compiled as kernel modules but instead
215	shipped as raw files. For pkgbase users if you use iwm(4) you will need
216	to install the FreeBSD-firmware-iwm package.
217
21820241124:
219	The OpenBSD derived bc and dc implementations and the WITHOUT_GH_BC
220	option that allowed building them instead of the advanced version
221	imported more than 4 years ago have been removed.
222
22320241107:
224	The ng_ubt(4) driver now requires firmwares to be loaded on Realtek
225	adaptors with rtlbtfw(8) utility. It no longer attaches to devices
226	standing in bootloader mode. Firmware files are available in the
227	comms/rtlbt-firmware port.
228
22920241025:
230	The support for the rc_fast_and_loose variable has been removed from
231	rc.subr(8). Users setting rc_fast_and_loose on their systems are
232	advised to make sure their customizations to rc service scripts
233	do not depend on having a single shell environment shared across
234	all the rc service scripts during booting and shutdown.
235
23620241013:
237	The ciss driver was updated to cope better with hotplug events that
238	caused it to panic before, and to support more than 48 drives attached
239	to the card. These changes were made w/o benefit of hardware for testing
240	and ciss(4) users should be on the lookout for regressions.
241
24220240729:
243	The build now defaults to WITHOUT_CLEAN - i.e., no automatic clean
244	is performed at the beginning of buildworld or buildkernel.  The
245	WITH_CLEAN src.conf(5) knob can be used to restore the previous
246	behaviour.
247
248	If you encounter incremental build issues, please report them to the
249	freebsd-current mailing list so that a special-case dependency can be
250	added, if necessary.
251
25220240715:
253	We now lean more heavily on ACPI enumeration for some traditional
254	devices. uart has moved from isa to acpi so the hints act as wiring
255	instead of device enumeration. Hints for parallel port, floppy, etc
256	have been removed.  Before upgrading, grep your dmesg for lines like:
257		uart1: non-PNP ISA device will be removed from GENERIC in FreeBSD 15.
258	to see if you need to start including hints for the device on isa
259	in your loader.conf or device.hints file. APU1 (but not APU2) boards
260	are known to be affected, but there may be others.
261
26220240712:
263	Support for armv6 has been disconnected and is being removed.
264
26520240617:
266	ifconfig now treats IPv4 addresses without a width or mask as an error.
267	Specify the desired mask or width along with the IP address on the
268	ifconfig command line and in rc.conf.
269
27020240428:
271	OpenBSM auditing runtime (auditd, etc.) has been moved into the new
272	package FreeBSD-audit.  If you use OpenBSM auditing and pkgbase, you
273	should install FreeBSD-audit.
274
27520240424:
276	cron, lpr, and ntpd have been moved from FreeBSD-utilities into their
277	own packages.  If you use pkgbase, you should install the relevant
278	packages: FreeBSD-cron, FreeBSD-lp, or FreeBSD-ntp.
279
28020240406:
281	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
282	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
283	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
284	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
285	errors in C++ programs.
286
28720240205:
288	For dynamically linked programs, system calls are now made from
289	libsys rather than libc.  No change in linkage is required as
290	libsys is an auxiliary filter for libc.  People building custom
291	images must ensure that libsys.so.7 is included.
292
29320240202:
294	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
295	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
296	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
297	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
298
299	The following sequencing is applied:
300
301	1. Bootstrap:
302	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
303
304	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
305	    /boot/device.hints
306	    /boot/loader.conf
307
308	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
309	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
310
311	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
312	    /boot/loader.conf.local
313
31420240201:
315	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
316	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
317	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
318	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
319	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
320
32120240111:
322	Commit cc760de2183f changed the internal interface between
323	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
324	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, __FreeBSD_version was
325	bumped to 1500010.
326
32720231120:
328	If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will need to update your
329	loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this point.  Detection of ACPI
330	was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts could use it, but old
331	binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no ACPI' in this case. You can
332	undisable ACPI by doing
333		OK unset hint.acpi.0.disabled
334	This can also be used to recover any other system that was updated in the
335	small window where amd64 was also broken.
336
33720231113:
338	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
339	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
340
34120231027:
342	Forward compatibility (running the new code on old kernels) for the
343	"ino64" project have been removed. The need for it has passed long ago.
344
34520231018:
346	Commit 57ce37f9dcd0 changed the internal KAPI between the
347	nfscommon and nfscl modules.  Both must be rebuilt from sources.
348
34920231010:
350	dialog(1) has been replaced in base by bsddialog(1), while most of the
351	time replacing a dialog(1) call by a bsddialog(1) call works out of the
352	box, bsddialog(1) is not considered as a drop-in replacement for
353	dialog(1).
354
355	If you do depend on dialog(1) functionality, please install cdialog
356	from ports:
357
358	pkg install cdialog
359
36020230927:
361	The EARLY_AP_STARTUP kernel option is mandatory on x86.  The option
362	has been added to DEFAULTS, so it should automatically be included in
363	custom kernel configurations without any additional change.
364
36520230922:
366	A new loader tunable net.pf.default_to_drop allows pf(4)’s default
367	behaviour to be changed from pass to drop. Previously this required
368	recompiling the kernel with the option PF_DEFAULT_TO_DROP.
369
37020230914:
371	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
372	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
373
37420230911:
375	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
376	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
377	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
378	for these file moves:
379
380		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
381		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
382		pkg upgrade -y
383
38420230909:
385	Enable vnet sysctl variables to be loader tunable. SYSCTLs which
386	belongs to VNETs can be initialized during early boot or module
387	loading if they are marked with CTLFLAG_TUN and there are
388	corresponding kernel environment variables.
389
39020230901:
391	The WITH_INIT_ALL_PATTERN and WITH_INIT_ALL_ZERO build options have
392	been replaced by INIT_ALL=pattern and INIT_ALL=zero respectively.
393
39420230824:
395	FreeBSD 15.0-CURRENT.
396
39720230817:
398	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
399	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
400	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
401	configuration.
402
403	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
404	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
405	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
406	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
407	with the serial port at 115200.
408
40920230807:
410	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
411	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
412	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
413	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
414	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
415
41620230803:
417	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
418	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
419
42020230724:
421	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
422	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
423	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
424	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
425	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
426
42720230713:
428	stable/14 branch created.
429
43020230629:
431	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
432	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
433	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
434	file a PR and assign it to imp.
435
43620230623:
437	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
438	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
439	after upgrading.
440
44120230619:
442	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
443	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
444	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
445	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
446
447		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
448		service pf restart
449
450	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
451	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
452
45320230613:
454	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
455	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
456	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
457	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
458	already properly quoted or escaped.
459
46020230612:
461	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
462	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
463	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
464	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
465	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
466	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
467	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
468	please email imp@freebsd.org about why.
469
470	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
471	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
472
47320230422:
474	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
475	using git instead.
476
47720230420:
478	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
479	eg.
480		make buildworld-jobs
481	runs
482		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
483
484	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
485
48620230316:
487	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
488	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
489	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
490	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
491	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
492	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
493	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
494	exist anymore.
495
49620230221:
497	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
498	for details.
499
50020230206:
501	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
502	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
503	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
504
50520230204:
506	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
507	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
508
50920230130:
510	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
511	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
512	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
513
51420230126:
515	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
516	system are now built unconditionally.
517
51820230113:
519	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
520	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
521
52220221212:
523	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
524	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
525
526	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
527	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
528	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
529
53020221205:
531	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
532	to reenable sendmail(8):
533
534	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
535
536	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
537
53820221204:
539	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
540	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
541	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
542	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
543	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
544	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
545
546	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
547
54820221122:
549	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
550	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
551	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
552
55320221121:
554	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
555	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
556
55720221026:
558	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
559	for pkgbase users to do:
560
561	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
562	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
563
564	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
565	installed.
566
56720221002:
568	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
569	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
570	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
571	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
572
57320220610:
574	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
575	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
576
57720211230:
578	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
579	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
580	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
581	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
582	reflect this change.
583
58420211214:
585	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
586	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
587
58820211209:
589	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
590	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
591	the coming days and weeks.
592
593	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
594	or touch
595		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
596		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
597		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
598		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
599	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
600
60120211202:
602	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
603	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
604	statement in unbound.conf:
605		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
606
607	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
608
609	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
610	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
611	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
612	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
613	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
614	such names when roaming to different homenets.
615
61620211110:
617	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
618	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
619	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
620	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
621	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
622	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
623	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
624	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
625	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
626	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
627	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
628
62920211118:
630	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
631	tree shortly.
632
63320211106:
634	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
635	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
636	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
637	may need to be modified.
638
63920211022:
640	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
641	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
642	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
643
64420211020:
645	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
646	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
647
648	# chsh -s csh
649
65020211004:
651	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
652	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
653	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
654	this change.
655
65620210923:
657	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
658	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
659	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
660	list of modules to load on their systems.
661
66220210922:
663	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
664	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
665	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
666	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
667
66820210911:
669	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
670	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
671	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
672	being loaded.
673
67420210817:
675	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
676	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
677	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
678	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
679	application-specific configuration option for applications
680	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
681
68220210811:
683	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
684	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
685
68620210730:
687	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
688	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
689	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
690	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
691
69220210729:
693	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
694	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
695	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
696
69720210716:
698	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
699	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
700	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
701
70220210715:
703	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
704	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
705	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
706	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
707	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
708	to update your sources past the above hash and do
709		% cd usr.bin/awk
710		% make clean all
711		% sudo -E make install
712	to enable building kernels again.
713
71420210708:
715	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
716	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
717	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
718
71920210707:
720	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
721	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
722
72320210624:
724	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
725	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
726	for NFSv4 mounts.
727	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
728
72920210618:
730	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
731	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
732	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
733	additions and others.
734
73520210618:
736	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
737	renamed to "untrusted".
738
73920210611:
740	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
741	please install the svn package or port.
742
74320210611:
744	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
745	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
746	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
747
74820210610:
749	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
750
75120210608:
752	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
753	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
754https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
755	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
756	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
757	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
758	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
759
76020210525:
761	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
762	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
763	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
764	detect this.
765
76620210513:
767	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
768	libraries and utilities are packaged.
769	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
770	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
771	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
772	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
773	on the system.
774
77520210426:
776	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
777	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
778	need to be rebuilt from sources.
779	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
780	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
781	is not recommended.
782
78320210411:
784	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
785	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
786	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
787	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
788	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
789	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
790
79120210330:
792	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
793	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
794	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
795	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
796
79720210225:
798	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
799	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
800	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
801
80220210128:
803	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
804	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
805	update.
806
80720210121:
808	stable/13 branch created.
809
81020210108:
811	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
812	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
813	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
814	since it was bumped so recently.
815
81620210107:
817	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
818	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
819	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
820	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
821
82220210105:
823	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
824	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
825	requires a clean build.
826
82720201223:
828	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
829	instructions can be found at
830	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
831	and other documents in that repo.
832
83320201216:
834	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
835	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
836	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
837	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
838
83920201215:
840	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
841	may be installed from ports or packages.
842
84320201124:
844	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
845	See ping(8) for details.
846
84720201108:
848	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
849	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
850	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
851
85220201030:
853	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
854	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
855	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
856	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
857	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
858
85920201026:
860	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
861	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
862	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
863	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
864	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
865	find.
866
86720200923:
868	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
869	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
870	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
871	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
872
873	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
874	command you want to un-auger the tree is
875		cd sys/amd64/conf
876		svn revert -R .
877	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
878	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
879
88020200824:
881	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
882	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
883	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
884	unless you  want to use new features.
885
886	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
887	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
888	rebuilding world may fail.
889
890	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
891	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
892
893	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
894	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
895	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
896	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
897
89820200824:
899	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
900	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
901	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
902	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
903
90420200821:
905	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
906	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
907	sources.
908
90920200817:
910	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
911	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
912
91320200816:
914	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
915	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
916	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
917	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
918
91920200810:
920	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
921	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
922	from sources, so a version bump was done.
923
92420200807:
925	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
926	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
927	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
928	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
929
93020200729:
931	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
932	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
933	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
934	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
935	continue to function.
936
937	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
938	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
939	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
940	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
941
94220200627:
943	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
944	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
945	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
946	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
947	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
948	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
949	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
950
95120200625:
952	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
953	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
954
95520200613:
956	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
957	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
958	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
959
96020200604:
961	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
962	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
963	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
964	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
965
966	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
967	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
968	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
969	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
970	/root/.shrc.
971
97220200523:
973	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
974	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
975	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
976	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
977
97820200512:
979	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
980	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
981
98220200424:
983	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
984	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
985	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
986	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
987	be functional without closefrom(2).
988
98920200414:
990	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
991	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
992	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
993	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
994	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
995	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
996
99720200310:
998	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
999	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1000	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1001	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1002
100320200309:
1004	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
1005	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
1006	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
1007
100820200301:
1009	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
1010
101120200229:
1012	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
1013	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
1014	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
1015
101620200229:
1017	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
1018	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
1019
102020200229:
1021	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
1022	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
1023	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
1024	ports or packages.
1025
102620200220:
1027	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
1028	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
1029	ncurses.
1030
103120200217:
1032	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
1033	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
1034	together with their new kernel.
1035
103620200212:
1037	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
1038	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
1039	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
1040
1041	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
1042	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
1043
104420200108:
1045	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
1046	linker for riscv64.
1047
104820200107:
1049	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
1050	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
1051	external toolchain package.
1052
105320200104:
1054	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
1055	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
1056	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
1057	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
1058	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
1059
106020200102:
1061	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
1062	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
1063	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
1064	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
1065
106620191226:
1067	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
1068	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
1069	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
1070	ABI.
1071
107220191226:
1073	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
1074
107520191222:
1076	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1077	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1078	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1079	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1080
108120191212:
1082	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
1083	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
1084	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
1085
108620191205:
1087	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
1088	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
1089	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
1090	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
1091	differences between those included in the port and those included in
1092	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
1093	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
1094	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
1095
109620191120:
1097	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
1098	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
1099	for automounting.
1100
110120191107:
1102	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
1103	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
1104	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
1105	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
1106	add superio to the set.
1107
110820191021:
1109	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
1110	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
1111
111220191021:
1113	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
1114	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
1115	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
1116	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
1117	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
1118	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
1119	completely in the future.
1120
112120191009:
1122	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
1123	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
1124	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
1125	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
1126	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
1127	will be removed from the list.
1128
112920191009:
1130	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1131	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1132	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1133	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1134
113520191003:
1136	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
1137	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
1138	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
1139	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
1140
114120190913:
1142	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
1143	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
1144	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
1145	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
1146
114720190823:
1148	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
1149	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
1150	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
1151
115220190727:
1153	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
1154	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
1155	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
1156	your scripts, because they had no effect.
1157
1158	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
1159	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
1160	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
1161	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
1162	a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why.
1163
116420190713:
1165	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
1166	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
1167	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
1168	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
1169	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
1170	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
1171	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
1172
117320190620:
1174	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
1175	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
1176	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
1177	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
1178
117920190612:
1180	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
1181	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
1182	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
1183	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1184
118520190608:
1186	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
1187	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
1188	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
1189
119020190513:
1191	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
1192	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
1193	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
1194	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
1195	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
1196	avoid running into the limit.
1197
119820190507:
1199	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
1200	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
1201
120220190507:
1203	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
1204	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
1205	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
1206	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
1207	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
1208	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
1209
121020190418:
1211	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
1212	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
1213	entropy:
1214
1215	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
1216	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
1217	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
1218	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
1219	availability properties.
1220
1221	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1222	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
1223	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
1224	initial condition, if desired.
1225
1226	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
1227	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
1228
1229	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
1230	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
1231	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
1232	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
1233
123420190416:
1235	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
1236	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
1237	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
1238	therefore unblocked).
1239
124020190404:
1241	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
1242	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
1243	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
1244	is added to the command line.
1245	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
1246	not affected and should continue to work.
1247
124820190320:
1249	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
1250	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
1251	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
1252	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
1253
125420190304:
1255	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1256	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1257	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1258	or higher.
1259
126020190226:
1261	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
1262	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
1263	kernel config.
1264
126520190219:
1266	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
1267	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
1268	migrating to the drm ports.
1269
127020190131:
1271	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
1272	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
1273	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
1274	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
1275	is loaded automatically.
1276
127720190125:
1278	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
1279	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
1280	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
1281	kernel config files.
1282
128320181230:
1284	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
1285	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
1286	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
1287	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
1288
128920181220:
1290	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
1291	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
1292	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
1293	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
1294	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
1295	most NFSv4 mounts.
1296
129720181219:
1298	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1299	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1300	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1301
1302	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1303	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1304
1305	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1306	removed from the mips port.
1307
130820181211:
1309	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1310	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1311	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1312	or higher.
1313
131420181211:
1315	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1316	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1317
131820181126:
1319	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1320	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1321	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1322	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1323
132420181123:
1325	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1326	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1327	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1328
132920181115:
1330	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1331	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1332	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1333	FreeBSD versions.
1334
133520181110:
1336	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1337	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1338	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1339
1340	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1341	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1342	being included using the command:
1343		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1344
134520181019:
1346	Stable/12 was branched created.
1347
134820181015:
1349	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1350	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1351	drm-legacy-kmod.
1352
1353	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1354	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1355	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1356	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1357	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1358	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1359	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1360	that as you will get better support.
1361
1362	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1363	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1364	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1365	asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org.
1366
1367	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1368	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1369	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1370	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1371	shortly.
1372
137320181012:
1374	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1375	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1376	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1377	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1378	be adjusted as necessary.
1379
138020181009:
1381	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1382	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1383	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1384	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1385
138620181006:
1387	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1388	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1389	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1390	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1391	encouraged.
1392
139320181002:
1394	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1395	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1396	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1397	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1398	nda device name.
1399
140020180913:
1401	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1402	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1403	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1404	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1405	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1406	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1407
140820180826:
1409	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1410	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1411	default since FreeBSD-11.
1412
141320180822:
1414	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1415	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1416	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1417
141820180818:
1419	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1420	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1421	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1422	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1423	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1424	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1425	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1426
1427	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1428	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1429
143020180815:
1431	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1432	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1433	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1434	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1435	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1436	may not be observed in a future release.
1437
143820180808:
1439	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1440	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1441	your environment.
1442
144320180731:
1444	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1445	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1446	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1447	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1448
144920180730:
1450	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1451	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1452	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1453	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1454	runtime services.
1455
145620180727:
1457	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1458	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1459	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1460
146120180723:
1462	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1463	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1464	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1465	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1466	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1467
146820180720:
1469	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1470	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1471	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1472	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1473	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1474	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1475
147620180719:
1477	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1478	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1479	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1480	boot_serial=YES
1481	boot_multicons=YES
1482	in /boot/loader.conf
1483	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1484	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1485	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1486
148720180719:
1488	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1489	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1490	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1491	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1492	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1493	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1494	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1495	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1496	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1497	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1498	by the ntpd user.
1499
150020180717:
1501	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1502
150320180711:
1504	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1505	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1506	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1507	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1508	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1509
151020180705:
1511	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1512	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1513	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1514	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1515	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1516	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1517
151820180702:
1519	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1520	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1521
152220180701:
1523	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1524	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1525	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1526	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1527	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1528	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1529	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1530
153120180630:
1532	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1533	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1534	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1535	or higher.
1536
153720180628:
1538	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1539	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1540	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1541	file.
1542
154320180612:
1544	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1545	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1546
154720180530:
1548	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1549	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1550	longer necessary.
1551
155220180530:
1553	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1554	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1555	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1556	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1557
155820180523:
1559	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1560	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1561	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1562	later than r334108.
1563
156420180517:
1565	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1566	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1567	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1568	it must be removed.
1569
157020180510:
1571	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1572	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1573	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1574	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1575	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1576	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1577	will go away.
1578
1579	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1580	workaround is necessary.
1581
158220180508:
1583	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1584	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1585	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1586	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1587
158820180504:
1589	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1590	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1591	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1592	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1593	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1594
159520180502:
1596	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1597	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1598	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1599	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1600
160120180501:
1602	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1603	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1604	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1605	be removed.
1606
160720180413:
1608	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1609	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1610	removed.
1611
161220180411:
1613	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1614	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1615	removed.
1616
161720180406:
1618	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1619	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1620	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1621	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1622	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1623
1624	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1625	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1626	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1627	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1628	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1629	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1630	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1631
1632	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1633	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1634
1635		source src {
1636			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1637		}
1638
1639	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1640	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1641	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1642
1643		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1644
1645	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1646	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1647	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1648	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1649	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1650	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1651	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1652
1653	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1654	change.
1655
165620180328:
1657	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1658	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1659	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1660
166120180323:
1662	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1663	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1664	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1665	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1666	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1667	should be as simple as:
1668
1669		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1670		$ make depend all install
1671
167220180212:
1673	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1674	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1675	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1676	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1677	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1678	provisions for backup boot methods.
1679
168020180211:
1681	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1682	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1683	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1684	imp@freebsd.org.
1685
168620180114:
1687	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1688	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1689	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1690	or higher.
1691
169220180110:
1693	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1694	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1695	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1696
1697	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1698	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1699
170020180110:
1701	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1702	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1703	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1704	remove it from kernel config files.
1705
170620180104:
1707	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1708	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1709	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1710
1711	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1712	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1713
171420180102:
1715	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1716	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1717	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1718	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1719
172020171215:
1721	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1722	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1723
172420171214:
1725	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1726	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1727	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1728	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1729
173020171125:
1731	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1732	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1733	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1734	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1735	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1736	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1737
173820171110:
1739	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1740	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1741	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1742
174320171106:
1744	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1745	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1746	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1747	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1748	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1749
175020171102:
1751	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1752	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1753	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1754	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1755	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1756	environment.
1757
175820171101:
1759	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1760	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1761	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1762	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1763	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1764	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1765	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1766	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1767	than hardcoding paths.
1768
176920171028:
1770	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1771	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1772	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1773
177420171021:
1775	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1776	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1777	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1778	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1779
178020171010:
1781	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1782	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1783
178420171005:
1785	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1786	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1787	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1788	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1789
179020171003:
1791	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1792	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1793	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1794	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1795	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1796
179720170912:
1798	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1799	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1800	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1801	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1802	/etc/ctl.conf .
1803
180420170912:
1805	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1806	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1807	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1808	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1809	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1810
181120170826:
1812	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1813	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1814
181520170825:
1816	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1817	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1818	to complete.
1819
182020170814:
1821	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1822	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1823	${TESTSDIR}.
1824
1825	Behavioral changes:
1826	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1827	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1828	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1829	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1830
1831	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1832	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1833	sandbox if successful.
1834
1835	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1836	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1837	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1838	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1839	an unprivileged user.
1840
184120170808:
1842	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1843	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1844	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1845	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1846	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1847	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1848	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1849	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1850	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1851	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1852	to which you should answer yes.
1853
185420170728:
1855	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1856	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1857	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1858	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1859	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1860
186120170722:
1862	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1863	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1864	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1865
186620170701:
1867	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1868	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1869
187020170625:
1871	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1872	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1873	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1874	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1875	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1876	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1877	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1878
187920170623:
1880	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1881	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1882	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1883	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1884	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1885	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1886
188720170620:
1888	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1889	if you require the GPL compiler.
1890
189120170619:
1892	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1893	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1894	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1895	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1896	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1897	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1898
189920170618:
1900	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1901	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1902	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1903
190420170617:
1905	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1906	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1907	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1908	followed.
1909
191020170531:
1911	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1912	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1913	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1914	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1915	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1916	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1917
191820170524:
1919	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1920	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1921	which only require one chipset support.
1922
1923	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1924
1925	if_ath_load="YES"
1926
1927	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1928	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1929	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1930
1931	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1932	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1933
1934	* load ath_hal
1935	* load the chip modules in question
1936	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1937	* load ath_main
1938	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1939	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1940
1941	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1942
194320170523:
1944	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1945	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1946	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1947
1948	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1949	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1950	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1951
1952	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1953	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1954	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1955	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1956	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1957	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1958	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1959	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1960
196120170424:
1962	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1963	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1964	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1965
196620170420:
1967	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1968	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1969	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1970
197120170413:
1972	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1973	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1974	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1975	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1976	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1977	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1978	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1979
198020170407:
1981	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1982	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1983	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1984	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1985
198620170405:
1987	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1988	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1989	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1990
199120170331:
1992	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1993	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1994	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1995
199620170329:
1997	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1998	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1999
2000	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
2001	via one of the following methods:
2002	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
2003	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
2004	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
2005	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
2006
2007	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
2008
200920170316:
2010	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
2011	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
2012	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
2013	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
2014	with mmc.ko).
2015
201620170315:
2017	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
2018	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
2019	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
2020	be prefixed with colon.
2021
202220170311:
2023	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
2024	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
2025	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
2026
202720170302:
2028	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
2029	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2030	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2031
203220170221:
2033	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
2034	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
2035	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
2036	change.
2037
203820170216:
2039	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
2040	valid.
2041
204220170215:
2043	MCA bus support has been removed.
2044
204520170127:
2046	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
2047	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
2048
204920170112:
2050	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
2051	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
2052
205320170109:
2054	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
2055	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
2056	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
2057	configuration.
2058
205920161217:
2060	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
2061	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2062	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2063
206420161124:
2065	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
2066	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
2067	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
2068
206920161119:
2070	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
2071	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
2072	that link against it need to be recompiled.
2073
207420161030:
2075	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
2076	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
2077	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
2078	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
2079
208020161017:
2081	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
2082	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
2083	parts.
2084	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
2085	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
2086
208720161015:
2088	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
2089	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2090	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
2091	removed from base.
2092
209320161008:
2094	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
2095	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
2096	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
2097
209820161003:
2099	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
2100	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
2101
210220160924:
2103	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
2104	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
2105	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
2106	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
2107
210820160918:
2109	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
2110	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
2111	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
2112	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
2113	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
2114
211520160918:
2116	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
2117
211820160908:
2119	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
2120	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
2121	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
2122	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
2123
212420160824:
2125	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
2126	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
2127	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
2128	to 1200005.
2129
213020160818:
2131	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
2132	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
2133	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
2134	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
2135	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
2136	0.
2137
213820160818:
2139	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
2140	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
2141
214220160708:
2143	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
2144
2145After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
2146from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
2147entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
2148UPDATING file.
2149
2150COMMON ITEMS:
2151
2152	General Notes
2153	-------------
2154	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
2155	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
2156	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
2157	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
2158	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
2159	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
2160	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
2161	report a bug if it happens consistently.
2162
2163	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
2164	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
2165	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
2166	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
2167	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
2168	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
2169	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
2170	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
2171	an exception.
2172
2173	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
2174	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
2175	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
2176	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
2177	step.
2178
2179	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
2180	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
2181	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
2182	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
2183
2184	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
2185	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
2186	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
2187	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
2188	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
2189	should write them with this in mind.
2190
2191	ZFS notes
2192	---------
2193	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
2194	always follow these three steps:
2195
2196	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
2197	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
2198
2199	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
2200	doing a zpool upgrade):
2201
2202	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
2203	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
2204		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
2205	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
2206
2207	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
2208	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
2209	zpool upgrade.
2210
2211	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
2212
2213	EFI notes
2214	---------
2215
2216	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
2217	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
2218	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
2219	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
2220	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
2221	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
2222	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
2223	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
2224
2225	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
2226	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
2227	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
2228	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
2229
2230	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
2231	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
2232	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
2233	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
2234
2235	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
2236
2237	To build a kernel
2238	-----------------
2239	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
2240	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
2241	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
2242
2243	make kernel-toolchain
2244	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2245	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2246
2247	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
2248
2249	To test a kernel once
2250	---------------------
2251	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
2252	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
2253	debugging information) run
2254	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
2255	nextboot -k testkernel
2256
2257	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
2258	-----------------------------------------------------------
2259	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
2260	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
2261
2262	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2263	make buildworld
2264	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2265	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2266	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2267	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2268	etcupdate -p					[5]
2269	make installworld
2270	etcupdate -B					[4]
2271	make delete-old					[6]
2272	<reboot>
2273
2274	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
2275	--------------------------------------------------
2276	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
2277	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
2278	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
2279	# size.
2280
2281	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
2282	<boot into -stable>
2283	make buildworld
2284	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
2285	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
2286	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
2287	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
2288	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
2289	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
2290	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
2291	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
2292	<reboot into current>
2293	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
2294	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
2295	<reboot>
2296
2297
2298	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
2299	----------------------------------------------
2300	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>		[2]
2301	make buildworld					[9]
2302	<make sure any needed PORTS_MODULES are set>	[1]
2303	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
2304	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
2305	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2306	etcupdate -p					[5]
2307	make installworld
2308	etcupdate -B					[4]
2309	make delete-old					[6]
2310	<reboot>
2311
2312	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2313	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2314	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2315	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2316	the UPDATING entries.
2317
2318	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2319	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2320	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2321	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2322	much fewer pitfalls.
2323
2324FOOTNOTES:
2325
2326	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2327	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2328	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2329	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2330	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2331	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2332	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2333	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2334	and effective, eg:
2335	     PORTS_MODULES+=graphics/drm-kmod graphics/nvidia-drm-kmod
2336
2337	[2] To make complete dumps on zfs(4), use bectl(8), which
2338	creates bootable snapshots of configurable depth that are
2339	selectable via the bootloader. For ufs(4), use dump(8) and
2340	restore(8).
2341
2342	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2343		fsck -p
2344		mount -u /
2345		mount -a
2346		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2347		cd src			# full path to source
2348		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2349	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2350	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2351
2352	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2353	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2354	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2355	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2356	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2357	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2358
2359	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2360	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2361	step.
2362
2363	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2364	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2365	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2366
2367	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2368	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2369	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2370	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2371	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2372	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2373	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2374	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2375
2376	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2377	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2378	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2379	for these as well.
2380
2381	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2382	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2383	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2384
2385	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2386	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2387	warn if it is improperly defined.
2388FORMAT:
2389
2390This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2391breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2392list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2393If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2394to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2395
2396Copyright information:
2397
2398Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org>
2399
2400Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2401modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2402document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2403
2404THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2405IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2406WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2407DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2408INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2409(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2410SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2411HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2412STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2413IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2414POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2415
2416Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2417this document.
2418