1 Updating Information for FreeBSD current users. 2 3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>. 4See end of file for further details. For commonly done items, please see the 5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file. These instructions assume that you 6basically know what you are doing. If not, then please consult the FreeBSD 7handbook: 8 9 https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html 10 11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in 12/usr/ports/UPDATING. Please read that file before running portupgrade. 13 14NOTE TO PEOPLE WHO THINK THAT FreeBSD 13.x IS SLOW: 15 FreeBSD 13.x has many debugging features turned on, in both the kernel 16 and userland. These features attempt to detect incorrect use of 17 system primitives, and encourage loud failure through extra sanity 18 checking and fail stop semantics. They also substantially impact 19 system performance. If you want to do performance measurement, 20 benchmarking, and optimization, you'll want to turn them off. This 21 includes various WITNESS- related kernel options, INVARIANTS, malloc 22 debugging flags in userland, and various verbose features in the 23 kernel. Many developers choose to disable these features on build 24 machines to maximize performance. (To completely disable malloc 25 debugging, define MALLOC_PRODUCTION in /etc/make.conf, or to merely 26 disable the most expensive debugging functionality run 27 "ln -s 'abort:false,junk:false' /etc/malloc.conf".) 28 2920200613: 30 r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP(). As such, any 31 out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt. 32 Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt. 33 3420200604: 35 read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default. root may 36 re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the 37 security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if 38 security.bsd.suser_enabled=1. 39 40 It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if 41 commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and 42 the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable. Example 43 aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and 44 /root/.shrc. 45 4620200523: 47 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 48 been upgraded to 10.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 49 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 50 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 51 5220200512: 53 Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system. 54 Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions. 55 5620200424: 57 closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a 58 stub that calls close_range(2). If using a custom kernel configuration, 59 you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as 60 a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not 61 be functional without closefrom(2). 62 6320200414: 64 Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID 65 and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present. 66 The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and 67 A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to 68 deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to 69 remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition. 70 7120200310: 72 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 73 been upgraded to 10.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 74 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 75 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 76 7720200309: 78 The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree. 79 As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting. 80 amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port. 81 8220200301: 83 Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree. 84 8520200229: 86 The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed. The BSD-licenced device tree 87 compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and 88 the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port. 89 9020200229: 91 The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed. LLVM's libunwind 92 is used by all supported CPU architectures. 93 9420200229: 95 GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree. The WITH_GCC, 96 WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available. 97 Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain 98 ports or packages. 99 10020200220: 101 ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI 102 has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to 103 ncurses. 104 10520200217: 106 The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed. 107 Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE 108 together with their new kernel. 109 11020200212: 111 Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB, 112 NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error. Update 113 your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required. 114 115 One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should 116 define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no. 117 11820200108: 119 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default 120 linker for riscv64. 121 12220200107: 123 make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures. 124 Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an 125 external toolchain package. 126 12720200104: 128 GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1 129 retirement plan. Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX 130 options default to off for all supported CPU architectures. As a 131 short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options. 132 GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31. 133 13420200102: 135 Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The 136 machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid. 137 You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default 138 MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7. 139 14020191226: 141 Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures. 142 LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64. The change for powerpc64 143 also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing 144 ABI. 145 14620191226: 147 Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable. 148 14920191222: 150 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 151 been upgraded to 9.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 152 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 153 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 154 15520191212: 156 r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the 157 NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded 158 simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this. 159 16020191205: 161 The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been 162 imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8) 163 utility. If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package 164 with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be 165 differences between those included in the port and those included in 166 base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update 167 frequency. Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the 168 format used by the security/ca_root_nss port. 169 17020191120: 171 The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be 172 removed in the future. As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available 173 for automounting. 174 17520191107: 176 The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus. 177 If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then 178 you should add device superio to it. If you use one of these drivers 179 as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should 180 add superio to the set. 181 18220191021: 183 KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed. 184 Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel. 185 18620191021: 187 The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of 188 already created /dev/tapNN devices. Access is still controlled by 189 node permissions, just like tun devices. The net.link.tap.user_open 190 sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of 191 tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not 192 in the appropriate group. This sysctl may be deprecated/removed 193 completely in the future. 194 19520191009: 196 mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of 197 universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If 198 not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for 199 the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe 200 builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they 201 will be removed from the list. 202 20320191009: 204 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 205 been upgraded to 9.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 206 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 207 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 208 20920191003: 210 The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from 211 GENERIC. They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding 212 to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES", 213 hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively. 214 21520190913: 216 ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them 217 to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore 218 historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32" 219 to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory. 220 22120190823: 222 Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency 223 with ping. If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your 224 scripts. See ping6(8) for details. 225 22620190727: 227 The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls 228 and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have 229 been removed from mount_fusefs(8). You can safely remove them from 230 your scripts, because they had no effect. 231 232 The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize, 233 vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable, 234 vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate 235 sysctls have been removed. If you felt the need to set any of them to 236 a non-default value, please tell asomers@FreeBSD.org why. 237 23820190713: 239 Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it 240 rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640 241 because the file contains sensitive information that should not be 242 world-readable. If the /var/account directory must be created by 243 rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750. Admins who use the 244 accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing 245 /var/account directory to 0750 or 0700. 246 24720190620: 248 Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional 249 components. The "device random" option has been removed. 250 Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable 251 with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko). 252 25320190612: 254 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have 255 been upgraded to 8.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for 256 information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already 257 using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 258 25920190608: 260 A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with 261 dpcpu or vnet. Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules 262 having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load. 263 26420190513: 265 User-wired pages now have their own counter, 266 vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count. The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed 267 to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned 268 long. bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user 269 wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to 270 avoid running into the limit. 271 27220190507: 273 The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC. Users requiring 274 ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module. 275 27620190507: 277 The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been 278 renamed to tuntap. You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or 279 kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or 280 if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap 281 module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel 282 config files to select the tuntap device instead. 283 28420190418: 285 The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between 286 safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of 287 entropy: 288 289 kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set 290 non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to 291 block random requests until the random device is initially seeded. 292 For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot 293 availability properties. 294 295 kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding: 296 read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and 297 read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this 298 initial condition, if desired. 299 300 kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding: 301 Similar to the above, but for for arc4random(9) initial seeding. 302 303 kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set 304 non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are 305 met as for the diagnostic sysctls above. Defaults to zero, i.e., 306 produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met. 307 30820190416: 309 The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init() 310 routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void) 311 method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and 312 therefore unblocked). 313 31420190404: 315 r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon 316 built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and 317 r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock" 318 is added to the command line. 319 nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are 320 not affected and should continue to work. 321 32220190320: 323 The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with 324 other filesystems. You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in 325 /etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and 326 "options FUSE" entries in kernel config files. 327 32820190304: 329 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 330 8.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 331 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 332 or higher. 333 33420190226: 335 geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz. If geom_uzip is statically 336 compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the 337 kernel config. 338 33920190219: 340 drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see 341 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on 342 migrating to the drm ports. 343 34420190131: 345 Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel. Drivers 346 using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require 347 the 'device iflib' config option. For the same drivers loaded as 348 modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module 349 is loaded automatically. 350 35120190125: 352 The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration 353 options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively; 354 nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom 355 kernel config files. 356 35720181230: 358 r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add 359 the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously 360 specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now 361 'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'. 362 36320181220: 364 r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport 365 in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3. This implies that NFSv4 366 servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts 367 from clients using a reserved port#. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux 368 NFSv4 clients use reserved port#s by default, this should not affect 369 most NFSv4 mounts. 370 37120181219: 372 The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this 373 kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition 374 to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32). 375 376 The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is 377 the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones. 378 379 The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been 380 removed from the mips port. 381 38220181211: 383 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 384 7.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 385 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 386 or higher. 387 38820181211: 389 Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree. Setting 390 the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade. 391 39220181126: 393 On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld 394 linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as 395 it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use. Users needing 396 GNU ld should install the binutils port or package. 397 39820181123: 399 The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has 400 had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled 401 by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN. 402 40320181115: 404 The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue) 405 has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from 406 FreeBSD-13. It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported 407 FreeBSD versions. 408 40920181110: 410 The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include 411 files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if 412 the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'. 413 414 You should check the configuration files in these two directories match 415 this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are 416 being included using the command: 417 $ newsyslog -Nrv 418 41920181015: 420 Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should 421 just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install 422 drm-legacy-kmod. 423 424 Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with 425 drm-kmod. For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need 426 to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older 427 than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can 428 only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the 429 market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you 430 have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use 431 that as you will get better support. 432 433 Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined 434 elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base 435 soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package 436 asap and report any issues to x11@freebsd.org. 437 438 Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add 439 WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty 440 cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver 441 loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current 442 shortly. 443 44420181012: 445 The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4). As a consequence, 446 custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated 447 accordingly. Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the 448 system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must 449 be adjusted as necessary. 450 45120181009: 452 OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1. This update included 453 additional various API changes throughout the base system. It is 454 important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading. The value 455 of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly. 456 45720181006: 458 The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's 459 module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5). 460 The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5) 461 'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly 462 encouraged. 463 46420181002: 465 The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on 466 powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or 467 loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing 468 driver. Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the 469 nda device name. 470 47120180913: 472 Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for 473 FreeBSD 12.0. This eliminates build metadata such as the user, 474 host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree 475 corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system. 476 The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf 477 knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD. 478 47920180826: 480 The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been 481 supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the 482 default since FreeBSD-11. 483 48420180822: 485 devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been 486 updated to use them and devmatch has been changed. You should update 487 kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time. 488 48920180818: 490 The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua. 491 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default 492 interpreter. If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set 493 LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in 494 src.conf for the build. This will create default hard links between 495 loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default. 496 If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi. 497 498 bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved 499 regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved. 500 50120180815: 502 ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other 503 systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both 504 supported and desired. If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may 505 be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your 506 environment, or using `ls --color=never`. The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR 507 may not be observed in a future release. 508 50920180808: 510 The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less". To 511 restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in 512 your environment. 513 51420180731: 515 The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality 516 is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that 517 driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts" 518 in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed. 519 52020180730: 521 amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default. 522 This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot. 523 EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system 524 has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of 525 runtime services. 526 52720180727: 528 Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale 529 support has been removed from the tree. These ports were 530 obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years. 531 53220180723: 533 loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the 534 UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the 535 BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel 536 or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent. 537 efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables. 538 53920180720: 540 zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader. 541 zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your 542 boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a 543 hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition 544 until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old 545 zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks). 546 54720180719: 548 ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console 549 on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader 550 setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add : 551 boot_serial=YES 552 boot_multicons=YES 553 in /boot/loader.conf 554 For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have 555 an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that 556 u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer. 557 55820180719: 559 New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123). Be sure to run mergemaster 560 or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on 561 existing systems. Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before 562 installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom 563 of this document. Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd 564 if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or 565 the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations. 566 When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can 567 still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after 568 taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible 569 by the ntpd user. 570 57120180717: 572 Big endian arm support has been removed. 573 57420180711: 575 The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually 576 exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default. In order to 577 restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8) 578 environment if a static environment is present, you must specify 579 loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment. 580 58120180705: 582 The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and 583 netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on 584 64-bit kernels without modification. These programs will need 585 to match the kernel in order to function. External programs may 586 require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in 587 structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses. 588 58920180702: 590 On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using 591 atomics will need to be rebuilt. 592 59320180701: 594 The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of 595 core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the 596 debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit 597 index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite 598 only a core file with the highest index in a filename. 599 Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free 600 index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one. 601 60220180630: 603 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 604 6.0.1. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 605 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 606 or higher. 607 60820180628: 609 r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf 610 needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763 611 and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed 612 file. 613 61420180612: 615 r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all 616 need to be rebuilt. r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this. 617 61820180530: 619 As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed 620 as /usr/bin/ld. Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no 621 longer necessary. 622 62320180530: 624 The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll 625 need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding 626 lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will 627 not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch. 628 62920180523: 630 The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include 631 threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets 632 and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel 633 later than r334108. 634 63520180517: 636 The vxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was introduced into 637 HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not 638 known to be used. If you have device vxge in your kernel config file 639 it must be removed. 640 64120180510: 642 The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a 643 working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default 644 on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However, 645 it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional 646 way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for 647 binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement 648 will go away. 649 650 NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no 651 workaround is necessary. 652 65320180508: 654 The nxge(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for PCI-X 10g 655 cards made by s2io/Neterion. The company was acquired by Exar and 656 no longer sells or supports Ethernet products. If you have device 657 nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed. 658 65920180504: 660 The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e. This version more 661 correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as 662 Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and 663 Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This does not affect the UT offsets, only 664 time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag. 665 66620180502: 667 The ixgb(4) driver has been removed. This driver was for an early and 668 uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel 669 quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family. If you have device 670 ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed. 671 67220180501: 673 The lmc(4) driver has been removed. This was a WAN interface 674 card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous 675 license. If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must 676 be removed. 677 67820180413: 679 Support for Arcnet networks has been removed. If you have device 680 arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be 681 removed. 682 68320180411: 684 Support for FDDI networks has been removed. If you have device 685 fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be 686 removed. 687 68820180406: 689 In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the 690 syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted 691 log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients 692 may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers, 693 microseconds and time zone offsets. 694 695 Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to 696 send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging 697 daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no 698 negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are 699 updated at the same time. On systems using a different system 700 logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration 701 adjustments, depending on the software used. 702 703 When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local 704 input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages: 705 706 source src { 707 unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol)); 708 } 709 710 When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option 711 of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the 712 regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline: 713 714 module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off") 715 716 Do note that these changes only affect communication between local 717 applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to 718 store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems 719 remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these 720 purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the 721 future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are 722 thus expected to continue to function as before. 723 724 __FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this 725 change. 726 72720180328: 728 Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you 729 have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove 730 it. No device drivers supported token ring. 731 73220180323: 733 makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog 734 entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously. 735 The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for 736 release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be 737 updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This 738 should be as simple as: 739 740 $ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs 741 $ make depend all install 742 74320180212: 744 FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for 745 now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf. 746 Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a 747 complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been 748 thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make 749 provisions for backup boot methods. 750 75120180211: 752 devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically 753 load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers 754 to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and 755 imp@freebsd.org. 756 75720180114: 758 Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 759 6.0.0. Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about 760 prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 761 or higher. 762 76320180110: 764 LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker. 765 This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and 766 executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default. 767 768 To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set 769 WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes 770 77120180110: 772 On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded 773 into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was 774 still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to 775 remove it from kernel config files. 776 77720180104: 778 The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been 779 disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with 780 the lacp and loadbalance protocols. 781 782 This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf: 783 net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1" 784 78520180102: 786 The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the 787 hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is 788 configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software 789 watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured. 790 79120171215: 792 r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry. 793 r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always. 794 79520171214: 796 r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However, 797 it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off 798 by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or 799 GELI, it might not be a good time to update. 800 80120171125: 802 PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before 803 installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has 804 changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed 805 successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their 806 root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting. 807 Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue. 808 80920171110: 810 The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable as been renamed to 811 WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed 812 to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI. 813 81420171106: 815 The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS 816 has been removed as of r325320. The system call now returns EINVAL 817 when used on a ZFS file. Although the new behavior complies with the 818 standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it. 819 One known victim is lld prior to r325420. 820 82120171102: 822 Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object 823 directories now rather than store files in the current directory if 824 'make obj' was not ran. Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary. 825 This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in 826 /etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the 827 environment. 828 82920171101: 830 The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native 831 builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified 832 /usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>. This behavior can be changed to the old 833 format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf, 834 the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building. 835 The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be 836 removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any 837 tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather 838 than hardcoding paths. 839 84020171028: 841 The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the 842 OBJDIR. Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install 843 to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin. 844 84520171021: 846 As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT 847 options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined 848 to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will 849 shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system. 850 85120171010: 852 libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only. 853 It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot. 854 85520171005: 856 The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now 857 a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system 858 and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add 859 MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build. 860 86120171003: 862 When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF 863 files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously 864 missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to 865 why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the 866 desired kernel was never built in the first place. 867 86820170912: 869 The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed. This will 870 affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel 871 or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers. Users who 872 require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in 873 /etc/ctl.conf . 874 87520170912: 876 For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point 877 binaries now always get their shared libraries from 878 LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if 879 /usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but 880 soft-float everything else should be affected. 881 88220170826: 883 The geli password typed at boot is now hidden. To restore the previous 884 behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options. 885 88620170825: 887 Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare 888 sysctl values. Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel 889 to complete. 890 89120170814: 892 "make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to 893 execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from 894 ${TESTSDIR}. 895 896 Behavioral changes: 897 - The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified. 898 - ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed. 899 - Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting 900 WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment. 901 902 If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute 903 "make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the 904 sandbox if successful. 905 906 The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as 907 root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time. 908 The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the 909 environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using 910 an unprivileged user. 911 91220170808: 913 Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been 914 unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297, 915 the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been 916 moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block. 917 Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later 918 will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem 919 created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block 920 created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in 921 foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it 922 starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS'' 923 to which you should answer yes. 924 92520170728: 926 As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services 927 Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in 928 owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable 929 the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the 930 machine's /etc/rc.conf file. 931 93220170722: 933 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0. 934 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 935 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 936 93720170701: 938 WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the 939 r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system. 940 94120170625: 942 The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t. This is 943 a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must 944 be careful when performing source upgrades. It is best to run 945 'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live 946 CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition. Additionally, all ports 947 must be recompiled. powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case 948 of 32-bit compatibility. All 32-bit binaries will be affected. 949 95020170623: 951 Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This 952 will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited 953 fashion. This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the 954 upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across 955 the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though 956 enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations. 957 95820170620: 959 Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC 960 if you require the GPL compiler. 961 96220170618: 963 The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules 964 was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to 965 ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together. 966 96720170617: 968 The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data 969 member to 64bit and adding ext fields. For upgrade, same 970 precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be 971 followed. 972 97320170531: 974 The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages 975 which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff 976 from ports (and recommends to install it). 977 To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the 978 heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or 979 via pkg install heirloom-doctools. 980 98120170524: 982 The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for 983 smaller runtime footprint builds. This is useful for embedded systems 984 which only require one chipset support. 985 986 If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf: 987 988 if_ath_load="YES" 989 990 This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci. 991 If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after 992 if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support. 993 994 If you want to selectively load things (eg on ye cheape ARM/MIPS 995 platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should: 996 997 * load ath_hal 998 * load the chip modules in question 999 * load ath_rate, ath_dfs 1000 * load ath_main 1001 * load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular 1002 bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done. 1003 1004 For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ . 1005 100620170523: 1007 The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends 1008 a number of types to 64 bits. Upgrading in place requires care and 1009 adherence to the documented upgrade procedure. 1010 1011 If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the 1012 COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the 1013 system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world). 1014 1015 For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build 1016 artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*". Then, carefully follow the full 1017 procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and 1018 install it on the current system." Specifically, a reboot is required 1019 after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an 1020 installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting 1021 the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this 1022 upgrade and installworld from single user is required. 1023 102420170424: 1025 The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and 1026 patm(4) devices has been removed. Consumers should plan a 1027 migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11. 1028 102920170420: 1030 GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU 1031 diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of 1032 GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name. 1033 103420170413: 1035 As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when 1036 keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with 1037 documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state. 1038 This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags 1039 and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state. 1040 To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with 1041 keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5). 1042 104320170407: 1044 arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default, 1045 instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be 1046 installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set 1047 CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin . 1048 104920170405: 1050 The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl 1051 net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted. L2 broadcast 1052 packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets. 1053 105420170331: 1055 Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now 1056 use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail 1057 instead of using the first assigned address of the jail. 1058 105920170329: 1060 The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend: 1061 cfiscsi.ko does instead. 1062 1063 If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded 1064 via one of the following methods: 1065 - `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5). 1066 - Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5). 1067 - ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support 1068 (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5)) 1069 1070 Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details. 1071 107220170316: 1073 The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko. 1074 Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the 1075 same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was 1076 missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible 1077 with mmc.ko). 1078 107920170315: 1080 The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity. 1081 If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify 1082 them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must 1083 be prefixed with colon. 1084 108520170311: 1086 The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been 1087 removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version 1088 (sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware. 1089 109020170302: 1091 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0. 1092 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1093 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1094 109520170221: 1096 The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality 1097 has been reimplemented. It's not possible now to create a snapshot 1098 by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/. That should be the only user visible 1099 change. 1100 110120170216: 1102 EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer 1103 valid. 1104 110520170215: 1106 MCA bus support has been removed. 1107 110820170127: 1109 The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed 1110 WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC. 1111 111220170112: 1113 The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that 1114 the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications. 1115 111620170109: 1117 The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via 1118 IFLIB. If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4) 1119 but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom 1120 configuration. 1121 112220161217: 1123 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1. 1124 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1125 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1126 112720161124: 1128 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0. 1129 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1130 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1131 113220161119: 1133 The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap 1134 statistics at the front for all CPU variations. libkvm(3) and all tools 1135 that link against it need to be recompiled. 1136 113720161030: 1138 isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver, 1139 chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware. 1140 On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using 1141 device hints. Please see the corresponding manual pages for details. 1142 114320161017: 1144 The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of 1145 rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific 1146 parts. 1147 Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name 1148 conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B)) 1149 115020161015: 1151 GNU rcs has been removed from base. It is available as packages: 1152 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. 1153 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was 1154 removed from base. 1155 115620161008: 1157 Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control 1158 modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the 1159 TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.) 1160 116120161003: 1162 The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired. 1163 ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy. 1164 116520160924: 1166 Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed 1167 to use an extension of .pico instead. The purpose of this change is 1168 to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file 1169 systems. On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so. 1170 117120160918: 1172 GNU rcs has been turned off by default. It can (temporarily) be built 1173 again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf. 1174 Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages: 1175 - rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version. 1176 - rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base. 1177 117820160918: 1179 The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr. 1180 118120160908: 1182 The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into 1183 two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and 1184 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH. Define both for the original 1185 QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior. 1186 118720160824: 1188 r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace 1189 programs and the kernel. ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be 1190 rebuilt to work with new kernels. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped 1191 to 1200005. 1192 119320160818: 1194 The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP 1195 packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3 1196 broadcast packets. It is not expected that this will affect any 1197 standards-conforming UDP application. The new behaviour can be 1198 disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to 1199 0. 1200 120120160818: 1202 Remove the openbsd_poll system call. 1203 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 1204 120520160708: 1206 The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406. 1207 120820160622: 1209 The libc stub for the pipe(2) system call has been replaced with 1210 a wrapper that calls the pipe2(2) system call and the pipe(2) 1211 system call is now only implemented by the kernels that include 1212 "options COMPAT_FREEBSD10" in their config file (this is the 1213 default). Users should ensure that this option is enabled in 1214 their kernel or upgrade userspace to r302092 before upgrading their 1215 kernel. 1216 121720160527: 1218 CAM will now strip leading spaces from SCSI disks' serial numbers. 1219 This will affect users who create UFS filesystems on SCSI disks using 1220 those disk's diskid device nodes. For example, if /etc/fstab 1221 previously contained a line like 1222 "/dev/diskid/DISK-%20%20%20%20%20%20%20ABCDEFG0123456", you should 1223 change it to "/dev/diskid/DISK-ABCDEFG0123456". Users of geom 1224 transforms like gmirror may also be affected. ZFS users should 1225 generally be fine. 1226 122720160523: 1228 The bitstring(3) API has been updated with new functionality and 1229 improved performance. But it is binary-incompatible with the old API. 1230 Objects built with the new headers may not be linked against objects 1231 built with the old headers. 1232 123320160520: 1234 The brk and sbrk functions have been removed from libc on arm64. 1235 Binutils from ports has been updated to not link to these 1236 functions and should be updated to the latest version before 1237 installing a new libc. 1238 123920160517: 1240 The armv6 port now defaults to hard float ABI. Limited support 1241 for running both hardfloat and soft float on the same system 1242 is available using the libraries installed with -DWITH_LIBSOFT. 1243 This has only been tested as an upgrade path for installworld 1244 and packages may fail or need manual intervention to run. New 1245 packages will be needed. 1246 1247 To update an existing self-hosted armv6hf system, you must add 1248 TARGET_ARCH=armv6 on the make command line for both the build 1249 and the install steps. 1250 125120160510: 1252 Kernel modules compiled outside of a kernel build now default to 1253 installing to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. Many kernel 1254 modules built this way (such as those in ports) already overrode 1255 KMODDIR explicitly to install into /boot/modules. However, 1256 manually building and installing a module from /sys/modules will 1257 now install to /boot/modules instead of /boot/kernel. 1258 125920160414: 1260 The CAM I/O scheduler has been committed to the kernel. There should be 1261 no user visible impact. This does enable NCQ Trim on ada SSDs. While the 1262 list of known rogues that claim support for this but actually corrupt 1263 data is believed to be complete, be on the lookout for data 1264 corruption. The known rogue list is believed to be complete: 1265 1266 o Crucial MX100, M550 drives with MU01 firmware. 1267 o Micron M510 and M550 drives with MU01 firmware. 1268 o Micron M500 prior to MU07 firmware 1269 o Samsung 830, 840, and 850 all firmwares 1270 o FCCT M500 all firmwares 1271 1272 Crucial has firmware http://www.crucial.com/usa/en/support-ssd-firmware 1273 with working NCQ TRIM. For Micron branded drives, see your sales rep for 1274 updated firmware. Black listed drives will work correctly because these 1275 drives work correctly so long as no NCQ TRIMs are sent to them. Given 1276 this list is the same as found in Linux, it's believed there are no 1277 other rogues in the market place. All other models from the above 1278 vendors work. 1279 1280 To be safe, if you are at all concerned, you can quirk each of your 1281 drives to prevent NCQ from being sent by setting: 1282 kern.cam.ada.X.quirks="0x2" 1283 in loader.conf. If the drive requires the 4k sector quirk, set the 1284 quirks entry to 0x3. 1285 128620160330: 1287 The FAST_DEPEND build option has been removed and its functionality is 1288 now the one true way. The old mkdep(1) style of 'make depend' has 1289 been removed. See 20160311 for further details. 1290 129120160317: 1292 Resource range types have grown from unsigned long to uintmax_t. All 1293 drivers, and anything using libdevinfo, need to be recompiled. 1294 129520160311: 1296 WITH_FAST_DEPEND is now enabled by default for in-tree and out-of-tree 1297 builds. It no longer runs mkdep(1) during 'make depend', and the 1298 'make depend' stage can safely be skipped now as it is auto ran 1299 when building 'make all' and will generate all SRCS and DPSRCS before 1300 building anything else. Dependencies are gathered at compile time with 1301 -MF flags kept in separate .depend files per object file. Users should 1302 run 'make cleandepend' once if using -DNO_CLEAN to clean out older 1303 stale .depend files. 1304 130520160306: 1306 On amd64, clang 3.8.0 can now insert sections of type AMD64_UNWIND into 1307 kernel modules. Therefore, if you load any kernel modules at boot time, 1308 please install the boot loaders after you install the kernel, but before 1309 rebooting, e.g.: 1310 1311 make buildworld 1312 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1313 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 1314 make -C sys/boot install 1315 <reboot in single user> 1316 1317 Then follow the usual steps, described in the General Notes section, 1318 below. 1319 132020160305: 1321 Clang, llvm, lldb and compiler-rt have been upgraded to 3.8.0. Please 1322 see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and 1323 upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1324 132520160301: 1326 The AIO subsystem is now a standard part of the kernel. The 1327 VFS_AIO kernel option and aio.ko kernel module have been removed. 1328 Due to stability concerns, asynchronous I/O requests are only 1329 permitted on sockets and raw disks by default. To enable 1330 asynchronous I/O requests on all file types, set the 1331 vfs.aio.enable_unsafe sysctl to a non-zero value. 1332 133320160226: 1334 The ELF object manipulation tool objcopy is now provided by the 1335 ELF Tool Chain project rather than by GNU binutils. It should be a 1336 drop-in replacement, with the addition of arm64 support. The 1337 (temporary) src.conf knob WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY knob may be set 1338 to obtain the GNU version if necessary. 1339 134020160129: 1341 Building ZFS pools on top of zvols is prohibited by default. That 1342 feature has never worked safely; it's always been prone to deadlocks. 1343 Using a zvol as the backing store for a VM guest's virtual disk will 1344 still work, even if the guest is using ZFS. Legacy behavior can be 1345 restored by setting vfs.zfs.vol.recursive=1. 1346 134720160119: 1348 The NONE and HPN patches has been removed from OpenSSH. They are 1349 still available in the security/openssh-portable port. 1350 135120160113: 1352 With the addition of ypldap(8), a new _ypldap user is now required 1353 during installworld. "mergemaster -p" can be used to add the user 1354 prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook. 1355 135620151216: 1357 The tftp loader (pxeboot) now uses the option root-path directive. As a 1358 consequence it no longer looks for a pxeboot.4th file on the tftp 1359 server. Instead it uses the regular /boot infrastructure as with the 1360 other loaders. 1361 136220151211: 1363 The code to start recording plug and play data into the modules has 1364 been committed. While the old tools will properly build a new kernel, 1365 a number of warnings about "unknown metadata record 4" will be produced 1366 for an older kldxref. To avoid such warnings, make sure to rebuild 1367 the kernel toolchain (or world). Make sure that you have r292078 or 1368 later when trying to build 292077 or later before rebuilding. 1369 137020151207: 1371 Debug data files are now built by default with 'make buildworld' and 1372 installed with 'make installworld'. This facilitates debugging but 1373 requires more disk space both during the build and for the installed 1374 world. Debug files may be disabled by setting WITHOUT_DEBUG_FILES=yes 1375 in src.conf(5). 1376 137720151130: 1378 r291527 changed the internal interface between the nfsd.ko and 1379 nfscommon.ko modules. As such, they must both be upgraded to-gether. 1380 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this. 1381 138220151108: 1383 Add support for unicode collation strings leads to a change of 1384 order of files listed by ls(1) for example. To get back to the old 1385 behaviour, set LC_COLLATE environment variable to "C". 1386 1387 Databases administrators will need to reindex their databases given 1388 collation results will be different. 1389 1390 Due to a bug in install(1) it is recommended to remove the ancient 1391 locales before running make installworld. 1392 1393 rm -rf /usr/share/locale/* 1394 139520151030: 1396 The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.2d. Any binaries requiring 1397 libcrypto.so.7 or libssl.so.7 must be recompiled. 1398 139920151020: 1400 Qlogic 24xx/25xx firmware images were updated from 5.5.0 to 7.3.0. 1401 Kernel modules isp_2400_multi and isp_2500_multi were removed and 1402 should be replaced with isp_2400 and isp_2500 modules respectively. 1403 140420151017: 1405 The build previously allowed using 'make -n' to not recurse into 1406 sub-directories while showing what commands would be executed, and 1407 'make -n -n' to recursively show commands. Now 'make -n' will recurse 1408 and 'make -N' will not. 1409 141020151012: 1411 If you specify SENDMAIL_MC or SENDMAIL_CF in make.conf, mergemaster 1412 and etcupdate will now use this file. A custom sendmail.cf is now 1413 updated via this mechanism rather than via installworld. If you had 1414 excluded sendmail.cf in mergemaster.rc or etcupdate.conf, you may 1415 want to remove the exclusion or change it to "always install". 1416 /etc/mail/sendmail.cf is now managed the same way regardless of 1417 whether SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF is used. If you are not using 1418 SENDMAIL_MC/SENDMAIL_CF there should be no change in behavior. 1419 142020151011: 1421 Compatibility shims for legacy ATA device names have been removed. 1422 It includes ATA_STATIC_ID kernel option, kern.cam.ada.legacy_aliases 1423 and kern.geom.raid.legacy_aliases loader tunables, kern.devalias.* 1424 environment variables, /dev/ad* and /dev/ar* symbolic links. 1425 142620151006: 1427 Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.7.0. 1428 Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites 1429 and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher. 1430 143120150924: 1432 Kernel debug files have been moved to /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel/, 1433 and renamed from .symbols to .debug. This reduces the size requirements 1434 on the boot partition or file system and provides consistency with 1435 userland debug files. 1436 1437 When using the supported kernel installation method the 1438 /usr/lib/debug/boot/kernel directory will be renamed (to kernel.old) 1439 as is done with /boot/kernel. 1440 1441 Developers wishing to maintain the historical behavior of installing 1442 debug files in /boot/kernel/ can set KERN_DEBUGDIR="" in src.conf(5). 1443 144420150827: 1445 The wireless drivers had undergone changes that remove the 'parent 1446 interface' from the ifconfig -l output. The rc.d network scripts 1447 used to check presence of a parent interface in the list, so old 1448 scripts would fail to start wireless networking. Thus, etcupdate(3) 1449 or mergemaster(8) run is required after kernel update, to update your 1450 rc.d scripts in /etc. 1451 145220150827: 1453 pf no longer supports 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl' 1454 These configurations are now automatically interpreted as 1455 'scrub fragment reassemble'. 1456 145720150817: 1458 Kernel-loadable modules for the random(4) device are back. To use 1459 them, the kernel must have 1460 1461 device random 1462 options RANDOM_LOADABLE 1463 1464 kldload(8) can then be used to load random_fortuna.ko 1465 or random_yarrow.ko. Please note that due to the indirect 1466 function calls that the loadable modules need to provide, 1467 the build-in variants will be slightly more efficient. 1468 1469 The random(4) kernel option RANDOM_DUMMY has been retired due to 1470 unpopularity. It was not all that useful anyway. 1471 147220150813: 1473 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS src.conf(5) knob has been retired. 1474 Control over building the ELF Tool Chain tools is now provided by 1475 the WITHOUT_TOOLCHAIN knob. 1476 147720150810: 1478 The polarity of Pulse Per Second (PPS) capture events with the 1479 uart(4) driver has been corrected. Prior to this change the PPS 1480 "assert" event corresponded to the trailing edge of a positive PPS 1481 pulse and the "clear" event was the leading edge of the next pulse. 1482 1483 As the width of a PPS pulse in a typical GPS receiver is on the 1484 order of 1 millisecond, most users will not notice any significant 1485 difference with this change. 1486 1487 Anyone who has compensated for the historical polarity reversal by 1488 configuring a negative offset equal to the pulse width will need to 1489 remove that workaround. 1490 149120150809: 1492 The default group assigned to /dev/dri entries has been changed 1493 from 'wheel' to 'video' with the id of '44'. If you want to have 1494 access to the dri devices please add yourself to the video group 1495 with: 1496 1497 # pw groupmod video -m $USER 1498 149920150806: 1500 The menu.rc and loader.rc files will now be replaced during 1501 upgrades. Please migrate local changes to menu.rc.local and 1502 loader.rc.local instead. 1503 150420150805: 1505 GNU Binutils versions of addr2line, c++filt, nm, readelf, size, 1506 strings and strip have been removed. The src.conf(5) knob 1507 WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS no longer provides the binutils tools. 1508 150920150728: 1510 As ZFS requires more kernel stack pages than is the default on some 1511 architectures e.g. i386, it now warns if KSTACK_PAGES is less than 1512 ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES (which is 4 at the time of writing). 1513 1514 Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=X' where X is greater 1515 than or equal to ZFS_MIN_KSTACK_PAGES i.e. 4 in such configurations. 1516 151720150706: 1518 sendmail has been updated to 8.15.2. Starting with FreeBSD 11.0 1519 and sendmail 8.15, sendmail uses uncompressed IPv6 addresses by 1520 default, i.e., they will not contain "::". For example, instead 1521 of ::1, it will be 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1. This permits a zero subnet 1522 to have a more specific match, such as different map entries for 1523 IPv6:0:0 vs IPv6:0. This change requires that configuration 1524 data (including maps, files, classes, custom ruleset, etc.) must 1525 use the same format, so make certain such configuration data is 1526 upgrading. As a very simple check search for patterns like 1527 'IPv6:[0-9a-fA-F:]*::' and 'IPv6::'. To return to the old 1528 behavior, set the m4 option confUSE_COMPRESSED_IPV6_ADDRESSES or 1529 the cf option UseCompressedIPv6Addresses. 1530 153120150630: 1532 The default kernel entropy-processing algorithm is now 1533 Fortuna, replacing Yarrow. 1534 1535 Assuming you have 'device random' in your kernel config 1536 file, the configurations allow a kernel option to override 1537 this default. You may choose *ONE* of: 1538 1539 options RANDOM_YARROW # Legacy /dev/random algorithm. 1540 options RANDOM_DUMMY # Blocking-only driver. 1541 1542 If you have neither, you get Fortuna. For most people, 1543 read no further, Fortuna will give a /dev/random that works 1544 like it always used to, and the difference will be irrelevant. 1545 1546 If you remove 'device random', you get *NO* kernel-processed 1547 entropy at all. This may be acceptable to folks building 1548 embedded systems, but has complications. Carry on reading, 1549 and it is assumed you know what you need. 1550 1551 *PLEASE* read random(4) and random(9) if you are in the 1552 habit of tweaking kernel configs, and/or if you are a member 1553 of the embedded community, wanting specific and not-usual 1554 behaviour from your security subsystems. 1555 1556 NOTE!! If you use RANDOM_DUMMY and/or have no 'device 1557 random', you will NOT have a functioning /dev/random, and 1558 many cryptographic features will not work, including SSH. 1559 You may also find strange behaviour from the random(3) set 1560 of library functions, in particular sranddev(3), srandomdev(3) 1561 and arc4random(3). The reason for this is that the KERN_ARND 1562 sysctl only returns entropy if it thinks it has some to 1563 share, and with RANDOM_DUMMY or no 'device random' this 1564 will never happen. 1565 156620150623: 1567 An additional fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail 1568 entry below has been committed in revision 284717. 1569 157020150616: 1571 FreeBSD's old make (fmake) has been removed from the system. It is 1572 available as the devel/fmake port or via pkg install fmake. 1573 157420150615: 1575 The fix for the issue described in the 20150614 sendmail entry 1576 below has been committed in revision 284436. The work 1577 around described in that entry is no longer needed unless the 1578 default setting is overridden by a confDH_PARAMETERS configuration 1579 setting of '5' or pointing to a 512 bit DH parameter file. 1580 158120150614: 1582 ALLOW_DEPRECATED_ATF_TOOLS/ATFFILE support has been removed from 1583 atf.test.mk (included from bsd.test.mk). Please upgrade devel/atf 1584 and devel/kyua to version 0.20+ and adjust any calling code to work 1585 with Kyuafile and kyua. 1586 158720150614: 1588 The import of openssl to address the FreeBSD-SA-15:10.openssl 1589 security advisory includes a change which rejects handshakes 1590 with DH parameters below 768 bits. sendmail releases prior 1591 to 8.15.2 (not yet released), defaulted to a 512 bit 1592 DH parameter setting for client connections. To work around 1593 this interoperability, sendmail can be configured to use a 1594 2048 bit DH parameter by: 1595 1596 1. Edit /etc/mail/`hostname`.mc 1597 2. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS does not exist or 1598 exists and is set to a string beginning with '5', 1599 replace it with '2'. 1600 3. If a setting for confDH_PARAMETERS exists and is set to 1601 a file path, create a new file with: 1602 openssl dhparam -out /path/to/file 2048 1603 4. Rebuild the .cf file: 1604 cd /etc/mail/; make; make install 1605 5. Restart sendmail: 1606 cd /etc/mail/; make restart 1607 1608 A sendmail patch is coming, at which time this file will be 1609 updated. 1610 161120150604: 1612 Generation of legacy formatted entries have been disabled by default 1613 in pwd_mkdb(8), as all base system consumers of the legacy formatted 1614 entries were converted to use the new format by default when the new, 1615 machine independent format have been added and supported since FreeBSD 1616 5.x. 1617 1618 Please see the pwd_mkdb(8) manual page for further details. 1619 162020150525: 1621 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.6.1 release. Please see the 1622 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, 1623 if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher. 1624 162520150521: 1626 TI platform code switched to using vendor DTS files and this update 1627 may break existing systems running on Beaglebone, Beaglebone Black, 1628 and Pandaboard: 1629 1630 - dtb files should be regenerated/reinstalled. Filenames are the 1631 same but content is different now 1632 - GPIO addressing was changed, now each GPIO bank (32 pins per bank) 1633 has its own /dev/gpiocX device, e.g. pin 121 on /dev/gpioc0 in old 1634 addressing scheme is now pin 25 on /dev/gpioc3. 1635 - Pandaboard: /etc/ttys should be updated, serial console device is 1636 now /dev/ttyu2, not /dev/ttyu0 1637 163820150501: 1639 soelim(1) from gnu/usr.bin/groff has been replaced by usr.bin/soelim. 1640 If you need the GNU extension from groff soelim(1), install groff 1641 from package: pkg install groff, or via ports: textproc/groff. 1642 164320150423: 1644 chmod, chflags, chown and chgrp now affect symlinks in -R mode as 1645 defined in symlink(7); previously symlinks were silently ignored. 1646 164720150415: 1648 The const qualifier has been removed from iconv(3) to comply with 1649 POSIX. The ports tree is aware of this from r384038 onwards. 1650 165120150416: 1652 Libraries specified by LIBADD in Makefiles must have a corresponding 1653 DPADD_<lib> variable to ensure correct dependencies. This is now 1654 enforced in src.libnames.mk. 1655 165620150324: 1657 From legacy ata(4) driver was removed support for SATA controllers 1658 supported by more functional drivers ahci(4), siis(4) and mvs(4). 1659 Kernel modules ataahci and ataadaptec were removed completely, 1660 replaced by ahci and mvs modules respectively. 1661 166220150315: 1663 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.6.0 release. Please see 1664 the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites and 1665 upgrading, if you are not already using 3.5.0 or higher. 1666 166720150307: 1668 The 32-bit PowerPC kernel has been changed to a position-independent 1669 executable. This can only be booted with a version of loader(8) 1670 newer than January 31, 2015, so make sure to update both world and 1671 kernel before rebooting. 1672 167320150217: 1674 If you are running a -CURRENT kernel since r273872 (Oct 30th, 2014), 1675 but before r278950, the RNG was not seeded properly. Immediately 1676 upgrade the kernel to r278950 or later and regenerate any keys (e.g. 1677 ssh keys or openssl keys) that were generated w/ a kernel from that 1678 range. This does not affect programs that directly used /dev/random 1679 or /dev/urandom. All userland uses of arc4random(3) are affected. 1680 168120150210: 1682 The autofs(4) ABI was changed in order to restore binary compatibility 1683 with 10.1-RELEASE. The automountd(8) daemon needs to be rebuilt to work 1684 with the new kernel. 1685 168620150131: 1687 The powerpc64 kernel has been changed to a position-independent 1688 executable. This can only be booted with a new version of loader(8), 1689 so make sure to update both world and kernel before rebooting. 1690 169120150118: 1692 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.5.1 release. This is a bugfix 1693 only release, no new features have been added. Please see the 20141231 1694 entry below for information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you 1695 are not already using 3.5.0. 1696 169720150107: 1698 ELF tools addr2line, elfcopy (strip), nm, size, and strings are now 1699 taken from the ELF Tool Chain project rather than GNU binutils. They 1700 should be drop-in replacements, with the addition of arm64 support. 1701 The WITHOUT_ELFTOOLCHAIN_TOOLS= knob may be used to obtain the 1702 binutils tools, if necessary. See 20150805 for updated information. 1703 170420150105: 1705 The default Unbound configuration now enables remote control 1706 using a local socket. Users who have already enabled the 1707 local_unbound service should regenerate their configuration 1708 by running "service local_unbound setup" as root. 1709 171020150102: 1711 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages have been removed. 1712 To be able to view GNU info pages please install texinfo from ports. 1713 171420141231: 1715 Clang, llvm and lldb have been upgraded to 3.5.0 release. 1716 1717 As of this release, a prerequisite for building clang, llvm and lldb is 1718 a C++11 capable compiler and C++11 standard library. This means that to 1719 be able to successfully build the cross-tools stage of buildworld, with 1720 clang as the bootstrap compiler, your system compiler or cross compiler 1721 should either be clang 3.3 or later, or gcc 4.8 or later, and your 1722 system C++ library should be libc++, or libdstdc++ from gcc 4.8 or 1723 later. 1724 1725 On any standard FreeBSD 10.x or 11.x installation, where clang and 1726 libc++ are on by default (that is, on x86 or arm), this should work out 1727 of the box. 1728 1729 On 9.x installations where clang is enabled by default, e.g. on x86 and 1730 powerpc, libc++ will not be enabled by default, so libc++ should be 1731 built (with clang) and installed first. If both clang and libc++ are 1732 missing, build clang first, then use it to build libc++. 1733 1734 On 8.x and earlier installations, upgrade to 9.x first, and then follow 1735 the instructions for 9.x above. 1736 1737 Sparc64 and mips users are unaffected, as they still use gcc 4.2.1 by 1738 default, and do not build clang. 1739 1740 Many embedded systems are resource constrained, and will not be able to 1741 build clang in a reasonable time, or in some cases at all. In those 1742 cases, cross building bootable systems on amd64 is a workaround. 1743 1744 This new version of clang introduces a number of new warnings, of which 1745 the following are most likely to appear: 1746 1747 -Wabsolute-value 1748 1749 This warns in two cases, for both C and C++: 1750 * When the code is trying to take the absolute value of an unsigned 1751 quantity, which is effectively a no-op, and almost never what was 1752 intended. The code should be fixed, if at all possible. If you are 1753 sure that the unsigned quantity can be safely cast to signed, without 1754 loss of information or undefined behavior, you can add an explicit 1755 cast, or disable the warning. 1756 1757 * When the code is trying to take an absolute value, but the called 1758 abs() variant is for the wrong type, which can lead to truncation. 1759 If you want to disable the warning instead of fixing the code, please 1760 make sure that truncation will not occur, or it might lead to unwanted 1761 side-effects. 1762 1763 -Wtautological-undefined-compare and 1764 -Wundefined-bool-conversion 1765 1766 These warn when C++ code is trying to compare 'this' against NULL, while 1767 'this' should never be NULL in well-defined C++ code. However, there is 1768 some legacy (pre C++11) code out there, which actively abuses this 1769 feature, which was less strictly defined in previous C++ versions. 1770 1771 Squid and openjdk do this, for example. The warning can be turned off 1772 for C++98 and earlier, but compiling the code in C++11 mode might result 1773 in unexpected behavior; for example, the parts of the program that are 1774 unreachable could be optimized away. 1775 177620141222: 1777 The old NFS client and server (kernel options NFSCLIENT, NFSSERVER) 1778 kernel sources have been removed. The .h files remain, since some 1779 utilities include them. This will need to be fixed later. 1780 If "mount -t oldnfs ..." is attempted, it will fail. 1781 If the "-o" option on mountd(8), nfsd(8) or nfsstat(1) is used, 1782 the utilities will report errors. 1783 178420141121: 1785 The handling of LOCAL_LIB_DIRS has been altered to skip addition of 1786 directories to top level SUBDIR variable when their parent 1787 directory is included in LOCAL_DIRS. Users with build systems with 1788 such hierarchies and without SUBDIR entries in the parent 1789 directory Makefiles should add them or add the directories to 1790 LOCAL_DIRS. 1791 179220141109: 1793 faith(4) and faithd(8) have been removed from the base system. Faith 1794 has been obsolete for a very long time. 1795 179620141104: 1797 vt(4), the new console driver, is enabled by default. It brings 1798 support for Unicode and double-width characters, as well as 1799 support for UEFI and integration with the KMS kernel video 1800 drivers. 1801 1802 You may need to update your console settings in /etc/rc.conf, 1803 most probably the keymap. During boot, /etc/rc.d/syscons will 1804 indicate what you need to do. 1805 1806 vt(4) still has issues and lacks some features compared to 1807 syscons(4). See the wiki for up-to-date information: 1808 https://wiki.freebsd.org/Newcons 1809 1810 If you want to keep using syscons(4), you can do so by adding 1811 the following line to /boot/loader.conf: 1812 kern.vty=sc 1813 181420141102: 1815 pjdfstest has been integrated into kyua as an opt-in test suite. 1816 Please see share/doc/pjdfstest/README for more details on how to 1817 execute it. 1818 181920141009: 1820 gperf has been removed from the base system for architectures 1821 that use clang. Ports that require gperf will obtain it from the 1822 devel/gperf port. 1823 182420140923: 1825 pjdfstest has been moved from tools/regression/pjdfstest to 1826 contrib/pjdfstest . 1827 182820140922: 1829 At svn r271982, The default linux compat kernel ABI has been adjusted 1830 to 2.6.18 in support of the linux-c6 compat ports infrastructure 1831 update. If you wish to continue using the linux-f10 compat ports, 1832 add compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.16 to your local sysctl.conf. Users are 1833 encouraged to update their linux-compat packages to linux-c6 during 1834 their next update cycle. 1835 183620140729: 1837 The ofwfb driver, used to provide a graphics console on PowerPC when 1838 using vt(4), no longer allows mmap() of all physical memory. This 1839 will prevent Xorg on PowerPC with some ATI graphics cards from 1840 initializing properly unless x11-servers/xorg-server is updated to 1841 1.12.4_8 or newer. 1842 184320140723: 1844 The xdev targets have been converted to using TARGET and 1845 TARGET_ARCH instead of XDEV and XDEV_ARCH. 1846 184720140719: 1848 The default unbound configuration has been modified to address 1849 issues with reverse lookups on networks that use private 1850 address ranges. If you use the local_unbound service, run 1851 "service local_unbound setup" as root to regenerate your 1852 configuration, then "service local_unbound reload" to load the 1853 new configuration. 1854 185520140709: 1856 The GNU texinfo and GNU info pages are not built and installed 1857 anymore, WITH_INFO knob has been added to allow to built and install 1858 them again. 1859 UPDATE: see 20150102 entry on texinfo's removal 1860 186120140708: 1862 The GNU readline library is now an INTERNALLIB - that is, it is 1863 statically linked into consumers (GDB and variants) in the base 1864 system, and the shared library is no longer installed. The 1865 devel/readline port is available for third party software that 1866 requires readline. 1867 186820140702: 1869 The Itanium architecture (ia64) has been removed from the list of 1870 known architectures. This is the first step in the removal of the 1871 architecture. 1872 187320140701: 1874 Commit r268115 has added NFSv4.1 server support, merged from 1875 projects/nfsv4.1-server. Since this includes changes to the 1876 internal interfaces between the NFS related modules, a full 1877 build of the kernel and modules will be necessary. 1878 __FreeBSD_version has been bumped. 1879 188020140629: 1881 The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed 1882 WITHOUT_VT. (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning 1883 which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.) 1884 188520140619: 1886 Maximal length of the serial number in CTL was increased from 16 to 1887 64 chars, that breaks ABI. All CTL-related tools, such as ctladm 1888 and ctld, need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel. 1889 189020140606: 1891 The libatf-c and libatf-c++ major versions were downgraded to 0 and 1892 1 respectively to match the upstream numbers. They were out of 1893 sync because, when they were originally added to FreeBSD, the 1894 upstream versions were not respected. These libraries are private 1895 and not yet built by default, so renumbering them should be a 1896 non-issue. However, unclean source trees will yield broken test 1897 programs once the operator executes "make delete-old-libs" after a 1898 "make installworld". 1899 1900 Additionally, the atf-sh binary was made private by moving it into 1901 /usr/libexec/. Already-built shell test programs will keep the 1902 path to the old binary so they will break after "make delete-old" 1903 is run. 1904 1905 If you are using WITH_TESTS=yes (not the default), wipe the object 1906 tree and rebuild from scratch to prevent spurious test failures. 1907 This is only needed once: the misnumbered libraries and misplaced 1908 binaries have been added to OptionalObsoleteFiles.inc so they will 1909 be removed during a clean upgrade. 1910 191120140512: 1912 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release. 1913 191420140508: 1915 We bogusly installed src.opts.mk in /usr/share/mk. This file should 1916 be removed to avoid issues in the future (and has been added to 1917 ObsoleteFiles.inc). 1918 191920140505: 1920 /etc/src.conf now affects only builds of the FreeBSD src tree. In the 1921 past, it affected all builds that used the bsd.*.mk files. The old 1922 behavior was a bug, but people may have relied upon it. To get this 1923 behavior back, you can .include /etc/src.conf from /etc/make.conf 1924 (which is still global and isn't changed). This also changes the 1925 behavior of incremental builds inside the tree of individual 1926 directories. Set MAKESYSPATH to ".../share/mk" to do that. 1927 Although this has survived make universe and some upgrade scenarios, 1928 other upgrade scenarios may have broken. At least one form of 1929 temporary breakage was fixed with MAKESYSPATH settings for buildworld 1930 as well... In cases where MAKESYSPATH isn't working with this 1931 setting, you'll need to set it to the full path to your tree. 1932 1933 One side effect of all this cleaning up is that bsd.compiler.mk 1934 is no longer implicitly included by bsd.own.mk. If you wish to 1935 use COMPILER_TYPE, you must now explicitly include bsd.compiler.mk 1936 as well. 1937 193820140430: 1939 The lindev device has been removed since /dev/full has been made a 1940 standard device. __FreeBSD_version has been bumped. 1941 194220140424: 1943 The knob WITHOUT_VI was added to the base system, which controls 1944 building ex(1), vi(1), etc. Older releases of FreeBSD required ex(1) 1945 in order to reorder files share/termcap and didn't build ex(1) as a 1946 build tool, so building/installing with WITH_VI is highly advised for 1947 build hosts for older releases. 1948 1949 This issue has been fixed in stable/9 and stable/10 in r277022 and 1950 r276991, respectively. 1951 195220140418: 1953 The YES_HESIOD knob has been removed. It has been obsolete for 1954 a decade. Please move to using WITH_HESIOD instead or your builds 1955 will silently lack HESIOD. 1956 195720140405: 1958 The uart(4) driver has been changed with respect to its handling 1959 of the low-level console. Previously the uart(4) driver prevented 1960 any process from changing the baudrate or the CLOCAL and HUPCL 1961 control flags. By removing the restrictions, operators can make 1962 changes to the serial console port without having to reboot. 1963 However, when getty(8) is started on the serial device that is 1964 associated with the low-level console, a misconfigured terminal 1965 line in /etc/ttys will now have a real impact. 1966 Before upgrading the kernel, make sure that /etc/ttys has the 1967 serial console device configured as 3wire without baudrate to 1968 preserve the previous behaviour. E.g: 1969 ttyu0 "/usr/libexec/getty 3wire" vt100 on secure 1970 197120140306: 1972 Support for libwrap (TCP wrappers) in rpcbind was disabled by default 1973 to improve performance. To re-enable it, if needed, run rpcbind 1974 with command line option -W. 1975 197620140226: 1977 Switched back to the GPL dtc compiler due to updates in the upstream 1978 dts files not being supported by the BSDL dtc compiler. You will need 1979 to rebuild your kernel toolchain to pick up the new compiler. Core dumps 1980 may result while building dtb files during a kernel build if you fail 1981 to do so. Set WITHOUT_GPL_DTC if you require the BSDL compiler. 1982 198320140216: 1984 Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release. 1985 198620140216: 1987 The nve(4) driver has been removed. Please use the nfe(4) driver 1988 for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters instead. 1989 199020140212: 1991 An ABI incompatibility crept into the libc++ 3.4 import in r261283. 1992 This could cause certain C++ applications using shared libraries built 1993 against the previous version of libc++ to crash. The incompatibility 1994 has now been fixed, but any C++ applications or shared libraries built 1995 between r261283 and r261801 should be recompiled. 1996 199720140204: 1998 OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum 1999 capability mode support. Please note that enabling the feature in 2000 kernel is still highly recommended. 2001 200220140131: 2003 OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as 2004 the default privilege separation method. This requires Capsicum 2005 capability mode support in kernel. 2006 200720140128: 2008 The libelf and libdwarf libraries have been updated to newer 2009 versions from upstream. Shared library version numbers for 2010 these two libraries were bumped. Any ports or binaries 2011 requiring these two libraries should be recompiled. 2012 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100006. 2013 201420140110: 2015 If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile 2016 instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such 2017 Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during 2018 NO_CLEAN builds. This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual 2019 intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN: 2020 # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f 2021 202220131213: 2023 The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism 2024 has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string 2025 than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function. 2026 In particular, the random string produced from a session key of 2027 enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will 2028 be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change. 2029 The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a 2030 big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402. 2031 __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1100004. 2032 203320131108: 2034 The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality 2035 has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS. If you were 2036 using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you 2037 should change your settings to use the latter. 2038 203920131025: 2040 The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from 2041 NetBSD. The output is generally the same, but may vary 2042 slightly. If you found you need identical output adding 2043 "-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick. For the 2044 time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree. 2045 204620131014: 2047 libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private. 2048 This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg 2049 1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make 2050 delete-old-libs": 2051 # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean 2052 or 2053 # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml 2054 205520131010: 2056 The stable/10 branch has been created in subversion from head 2057 revision r256279. 2058 2059COMMON ITEMS: 2060 2061 General Notes 2062 ------------- 2063 Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment 2064 poisoning. This can happen because the make utility reads its 2065 environment when searching for values for global variables. To run 2066 your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make 2067 commands with 'env -i '. See the env(1) manual page for more details. 2068 Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race 2069 condition. If this happens try building again without -j, and please 2070 report a bug if it happens consistently. 2071 2072 When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to 2073 upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then 2074 do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path, 2075 and has the highest probability of being successful. Please try this 2076 approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade. Since 2077 the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from 2078 anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the 2079 last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's 2080 an exception. 2081 2082 The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build 2083 or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version. 2084 When updating from an older version the update should be performed one 2085 major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each 2086 step. 2087 2088 When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before 2089 installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell 2090 around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your 2091 starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade. 2092 2093 This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes 2094 information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted. 2095 Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be 2096 placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check 2097 older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries 2098 should write them with this in mind. 2099 2100 ZFS notes 2101 --------- 2102 When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow 2103 these two steps: 2104 2105 1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block 2106 (this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld") 2107 2108 2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive 2109 2110 The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first 2111 partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ada0: 2112 "gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ada0" 2113 2114 Non-boot pools do not need these updates. 2115 2116 To build a kernel 2117 ----------------- 2118 If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just 2119 a few days old), you should follow this procedure. It is the most 2120 failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld, 2121 2122 make kernel-toolchain 2123 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2124 make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2125 2126 To test a kernel once 2127 --------------------- 2128 If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure 2129 if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide 2130 debugging information) run 2131 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel 2132 nextboot -k testkernel 2133 2134 To rebuild everything and install it on the current system. 2135 ----------------------------------------------------------- 2136 # Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than 2137 # is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current. 2138 2139 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 2140 make buildworld 2141 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2142 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2143 [1] 2144 <reboot in single user> [3] 2145 mergemaster -Fp [5] 2146 make installworld 2147 mergemaster -Fi [4] 2148 make delete-old [6] 2149 <reboot> 2150 2151 To cross-install current onto a separate partition 2152 -------------------------------------------------- 2153 # In this approach we use a separate partition to hold 2154 # current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories. A partition 2155 # holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in 2156 # size. 2157 2158 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 2159 <boot into -stable> 2160 make buildworld 2161 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2162 <maybe newfs current's root partition> 2163 <mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}> 2164 make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC 2165 make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd 2166 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} 2167 cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab # if newfs'd 2168 <edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition> 2169 <reboot into current> 2170 <do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section> 2171 <maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*> 2172 <reboot> 2173 2174 2175 To upgrade in-place from stable to current 2176 ---------------------------------------------- 2177 <make sure you have good level 0 dumps> 2178 make buildworld [9] 2179 make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE [8] 2180 make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE 2181 [1] 2182 <reboot in single user> [3] 2183 mergemaster -Fp [5] 2184 make installworld 2185 mergemaster -Fi [4] 2186 make delete-old [6] 2187 <reboot> 2188 2189 Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the 2190 tweaks to various things you need. At this point in the life 2191 cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own 2192 to cope. The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of 2193 the UPDATING entries. 2194 2195 Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to 2196 freebsd-current@freebsd.org. Make sure that before you update 2197 your sources that you have read and understood all the recent 2198 messages there. If in doubt, please track -stable which has 2199 much fewer pitfalls. 2200 2201 [1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you 2202 should disable them at this point so they don't crash your 2203 system on reboot. 2204 2205 [3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do 2206 fsck -p 2207 mount -u / 2208 mount -a 2209 sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start # mount zfs filesystem, if needed 2210 cd src # full path to source 2211 adjkerntz -i # if CMOS is wall time 2212 Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that 2213 you boot into single user mode to do the installworld. 2214 2215 [4] Note: This step is non-optional. Failure to do this step 2216 can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the 2217 system. Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those 2218 that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well 2219 as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists 2220 for potential gotchas. The -U option is also useful to consider. 2221 See mergemaster(8) for more information. 2222 2223 [5] Usually this step is a no-op. However, from time to time 2224 you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following 2225 step. It never hurts to do it all the time. You may need to 2226 install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make 2227 install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated 2228 from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430. 2229 2230 [6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries 2231 can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make 2232 sure that no program is using those libraries anymore. 2233 2234 [8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an 2235 installworld. When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's 2236 configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for 2237 existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries). Failure 2238 to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A 2239 GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run 2240 binaries from older branches. Note that the ability to run binaries 2241 from unsupported branches is not guaranteed. 2242 2243 Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the 2244 last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also 2245 change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels 2246 for these as well. 2247 2248 [9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the 2249 "?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can 2250 override the CPUTYPE if it needs to. 2251 2252 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and 2253 not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf. buildworld will 2254 warn if it is improperly defined. 2255FORMAT: 2256 2257This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major 2258breakages in tracking -current. It is not guaranteed to be a complete 2259list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011. 2260If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need 2261to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release. 2262 2263Copyright information: 2264 2265Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <imp@FreeBSD.org> 2266 2267Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without 2268modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this 2269document are permitted without further permission from the author. 2270 2271THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 2272IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 2273WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 2274DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, 2275INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 2276(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 2277SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 2278HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, 2279STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING 2280IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 2281POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 2282 2283Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of 2284this document. 2285 2286$FreeBSD$ 2287