xref: /linux/kernel/locking/semaphore.c (revision b9bdd4b6840454ef87f61b6506c9635c57a81650)

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008 Intel Corporation
 * Author: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
 *
 * This file implements counting semaphores.
 * A counting semaphore may be acquired 'n' times before sleeping.
 * See mutex.c for single-acquisition sleeping locks which enforce
 * rules which allow code to be debugged more easily.
 */

/*
 * Some notes on the implementation:
 *
 * The spinlock controls access to the other members of the semaphore.
 * down_trylock() and up() can be called from interrupt context, so we
 * have to disable interrupts when taking the lock.  It turns out various
 * parts of the kernel expect to be able to use down() on a semaphore in
 * interrupt context when they know it will succeed, so we have to use
 * irqsave variants for down(), down_interruptible() and down_killable()
 * too.
 *
 * The ->count variable represents how many more tasks can acquire this
 * semaphore.  If it's zero, there may be waiters.
 */

#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
#include <linux/sched/wake_q.h>
#include <linux/semaphore.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <trace/events/lock.h>
#include <linux/hung_task.h>

static noinline void __down(struct semaphore *sem);
static noinline int __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem);
static noinline int __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem);
static noinline int __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout);
static noinline void __up(struct semaphore *sem, struct wake_q_head *wake_q);

#ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK_BLOCKER
static inline void hung_task_sem_set_holder(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	WRITE_ONCE((sem)->last_holder, (unsigned long)current);
}

static inline void hung_task_sem_clear_if_holder(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	if (READ_ONCE((sem)->last_holder) == (unsigned long)current)
		WRITE_ONCE((sem)->last_holder, 0UL);
}

unsigned long sem_last_holder(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	return READ_ONCE(sem->last_holder);
}
#else
static inline void hung_task_sem_set_holder(struct semaphore *sem)
{
}
static inline void hung_task_sem_clear_if_holder(struct semaphore *sem)
{
}
unsigned long sem_last_holder(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	return 0UL;
}
#endif

static inline void __sem_acquire(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	sem->count--;
	hung_task_sem_set_holder(sem);
}

/**
 * down - acquire the semaphore
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 *
 * Acquires the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to acquire the
 * semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep until the
 * semaphore is released.
 *
 * Use of this function is deprecated, please use down_interruptible() or
 * down_killable() instead.
 */
void __sched down(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	might_sleep();
	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
		__sem_acquire(sem);
	else
		__down(sem);
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(down);

/**
 * down_interruptible - acquire the semaphore unless interrupted
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 *
 * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
 * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
 * If the sleep is interrupted by a signal, this function will return -EINTR.
 * If the semaphore is successfully acquired, this function returns 0.
 */
int __sched down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int result = 0;

	might_sleep();
	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
		__sem_acquire(sem);
	else
		result = __down_interruptible(sem);
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);

	return result;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_interruptible);

/**
 * down_killable - acquire the semaphore unless killed
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 *
 * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
 * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
 * If the sleep is interrupted by a fatal signal, this function will return
 * -EINTR.  If the semaphore is successfully acquired, this function returns
 * 0.
 */
int __sched down_killable(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int result = 0;

	might_sleep();
	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
		__sem_acquire(sem);
	else
		result = __down_killable(sem);
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);

	return result;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_killable);

/**
 * down_trylock - try to acquire the semaphore, without waiting
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 *
 * Try to acquire the semaphore atomically.  Returns 0 if the semaphore has
 * been acquired successfully or 1 if it cannot be acquired.
 *
 * NOTE: This return value is inverted from both spin_trylock and
 * mutex_trylock!  Be careful about this when converting code.
 *
 * Unlike mutex_trylock, this function can be used from interrupt context,
 * and the semaphore can be released by any task or interrupt.
 */
int __sched down_trylock(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int count;

	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	count = sem->count - 1;
	if (likely(count >= 0))
		__sem_acquire(sem);
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);

	return (count < 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_trylock);

/**
 * down_timeout - acquire the semaphore within a specified time
 * @sem: the semaphore to be acquired
 * @timeout: how long to wait before failing
 *
 * Attempts to acquire the semaphore.  If no more tasks are allowed to
 * acquire the semaphore, calling this function will put the task to sleep.
 * If the semaphore is not released within the specified number of jiffies,
 * this function returns -ETIME.  It returns 0 if the semaphore was acquired.
 */
int __sched down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int result = 0;

	might_sleep();
	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (likely(sem->count > 0))
		__sem_acquire(sem);
	else
		result = __down_timeout(sem, timeout);
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);

	return result;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(down_timeout);

/**
 * up - release the semaphore
 * @sem: the semaphore to release
 *
 * Release the semaphore.  Unlike mutexes, up() may be called from any
 * context and even by tasks which have never called down().
 */
void __sched up(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	DEFINE_WAKE_Q(wake_q);

	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);

	hung_task_sem_clear_if_holder(sem);

	if (likely(!sem->first_waiter))
		sem->count++;
	else
		__up(sem, &wake_q);
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
	if (!wake_q_empty(&wake_q))
		wake_up_q(&wake_q);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(up);

/* Functions for the contended case */

struct semaphore_waiter {
	struct list_head list;
	struct task_struct *task;
	bool up;
};

static inline
void sem_del_waiter(struct semaphore *sem, struct semaphore_waiter *waiter)
{
	if (list_empty(&waiter->list)) {
		sem->first_waiter = NULL;
		return;
	}

	if (sem->first_waiter == waiter) {
		sem->first_waiter = list_first_entry(&waiter->list,
						     struct semaphore_waiter, list);
	}
	list_del(&waiter->list);
}

/*
 * Because this function is inlined, the 'state' parameter will be
 * constant, and thus optimised away by the compiler.  Likewise the
 * 'timeout' parameter for the cases without timeouts.
 */
static inline int __sched ___down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state,
								long timeout)
{
	struct semaphore_waiter waiter, *first;

	first = sem->first_waiter;
	if (first) {
		list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &first->list);
	} else {
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&waiter.list);
		sem->first_waiter = &waiter;
	}
	waiter.task = current;
	waiter.up = false;

	for (;;) {
		if (signal_pending_state(state, current))
			goto interrupted;
		if (unlikely(timeout <= 0))
			goto timed_out;
		__set_current_state(state);
		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->lock);
		timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
		raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->lock);
		if (waiter.up) {
			hung_task_sem_set_holder(sem);
			return 0;
		}
	}

 timed_out:
	sem_del_waiter(sem, &waiter);
	return -ETIME;

 interrupted:
	sem_del_waiter(sem, &waiter);
	return -EINTR;
}

static inline int __sched __down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state,
					long timeout)
{
	int ret;

	hung_task_set_blocker(sem, BLOCKER_TYPE_SEM);

	trace_contention_begin(sem, 0);
	ret = ___down_common(sem, state, timeout);
	trace_contention_end(sem, ret);

	hung_task_clear_blocker();

	return ret;
}

static noinline void __sched __down(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	__down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
}

static noinline int __sched __down_interruptible(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	return __down_common(sem, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
}

static noinline int __sched __down_killable(struct semaphore *sem)
{
	return __down_common(sem, TASK_KILLABLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
}

static noinline int __sched __down_timeout(struct semaphore *sem, long timeout)
{
	return __down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, timeout);
}

static noinline void __sched __up(struct semaphore *sem,
				  struct wake_q_head *wake_q)
{
	struct semaphore_waiter *waiter = sem->first_waiter;

	sem_del_waiter(sem, waiter);
	waiter->up = true;
	wake_q_add(wake_q, waiter->task);
}