xref: /linux/Documentation/networking/multiqueue.rst (revision 4b4193256c8d3bc3a5397b5cd9494c2ad386317d)
1.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2
3===========================================
4HOWTO for multiqueue network device support
5===========================================
6
7Section 1: Base driver requirements for implementing multiqueue support
8=======================================================================
9
10Intro: Kernel support for multiqueue devices
11---------------------------------------------------------
12
13Kernel support for multiqueue devices is always present.
14
15Base drivers are required to use the new alloc_etherdev_mq() or
16alloc_netdev_mq() functions to allocate the subqueues for the device.  The
17underlying kernel API will take care of the allocation and deallocation of
18the subqueue memory, as well as netdev configuration of where the queues
19exist in memory.
20
21The base driver will also need to manage the queues as it does the global
22netdev->queue_lock today.  Therefore base drivers should use the
23netif_{start|stop|wake}_subqueue() functions to manage each queue while the
24device is still operational.  netdev->queue_lock is still used when the device
25comes online or when it's completely shut down (unregister_netdev(), etc.).
26
27
28Section 2: Qdisc support for multiqueue devices
29===============================================
30
31Currently two qdiscs are optimized for multiqueue devices.  The first is the
32default pfifo_fast qdisc.  This qdisc supports one qdisc per hardware queue.
33A new round-robin qdisc, sch_multiq also supports multiple hardware queues. The
34qdisc is responsible for classifying the skb's and then directing the skb's to
35bands and queues based on the value in skb->queue_mapping.  Use this field in
36the base driver to determine which queue to send the skb to.
37
38sch_multiq has been added for hardware that wishes to avoid head-of-line
39blocking.  It will cycle though the bands and verify that the hardware queue
40associated with the band is not stopped prior to dequeuing a packet.
41
42On qdisc load, the number of bands is based on the number of queues on the
43hardware.  Once the association is made, any skb with skb->queue_mapping set,
44will be queued to the band associated with the hardware queue.
45
46
47Section 3: Brief howto using MULTIQ for multiqueue devices
48==========================================================
49
50The userspace command 'tc,' part of the iproute2 package, is used to configure
51qdiscs.  To add the MULTIQ qdisc to your network device, assuming the device
52is called eth0, run the following command::
53
54    # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root handle 1: multiq
55
56The qdisc will allocate the number of bands to equal the number of queues that
57the device reports, and bring the qdisc online.  Assuming eth0 has 4 Tx
58queues, the band mapping would look like::
59
60    band 0 => queue 0
61    band 1 => queue 1
62    band 2 => queue 2
63    band 3 => queue 3
64
65Traffic will begin flowing through each queue based on either the simple_tx_hash
66function or based on netdev->select_queue() if you have it defined.
67
68The behavior of tc filters remains the same.  However a new tc action,
69skbedit, has been added.  Assuming you wanted to route all traffic to a
70specific host, for example 192.168.0.3, through a specific queue you could use
71this action and establish a filter such as::
72
73    tc filter add dev eth0 parent 1: protocol ip prio 1 u32 \
74	    match ip dst 192.168.0.3 \
75	    action skbedit queue_mapping 3
76
77:Author: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@intel.com>
78:Original Author: Peter P. Waskiewicz Jr. <peter.p.waskiewicz.jr@intel.com>
79